TWI519584B - 分散劑組成物 - Google Patents
分散劑組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI519584B TWI519584B TW100114254A TW100114254A TWI519584B TW I519584 B TWI519584 B TW I519584B TW 100114254 A TW100114254 A TW 100114254A TW 100114254 A TW100114254 A TW 100114254A TW I519584 B TWI519584 B TW I519584B
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 80
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 30
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 34
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
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- XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
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- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound O=C.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
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- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Description
本發明係關於一種含有粒狀固體、有機介質及(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物之組成物。本發明進一步關於新穎化合物、及將該(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物作為分散劑之用途。
礦物填料(如碳酸鈣)經常被添加至塑膠材料(如不飽和聚酯樹脂)中以提供強化、增加硬度及降低調配物總成本。已知其他之礦物填料(如三水合氧化鋁,其在加熱時吸熱地分解而釋放水)在塑膠材料(如不飽和聚酯複合物)中具有阻燃效果。然而添加大量填料通常增加系統之總黏度。分散劑經常用於在混合期間將乾燥填料濕潤,降低黏度及使調配物更可加工。磷酸酯為極有效之分散劑,但是由於干擾硬化機制,其無法用於手工及噴射積層塗布。
以下歸納許多揭示介質(如塑膠)用分散劑之參考資料。
美國專利第5,300,255號揭示含有衍生自不超過8個碳原子之羥基羧酸的聚酯與五氧化磷或硫酸反應而獲得之分散劑。該分散劑可用於非極性介質,如芳族溶劑與塑膠。
美國專利第5,130,463號揭示含有衍生自ε-己內酯的聚醚/聚酯與多磷酸反應而獲得之分散劑。
美國專利第6,051,627號揭示包括衍生自環氧乙烷及環氧丙烷的聚醚與多磷酸反應而獲得之分散劑。
美國專利第4,281,071號揭示將有機亞磷酸鹽用於降低所充填之不飽和聚酯樹脂組成物的黏度之用途。
美國專利第3,332,793號揭示非磷酸鹽分散劑。美國專利第3,332,793號係揭示基於經羧酸封端聚醚/聚酯鏈隨後與多胺反應而獲得之懸浮劑。
許多文件揭示聚丙烯酸之甲氧基聚乙二醇酯及將其作為分散劑之用途。
歐洲專利第2 065 403 A號揭示一種製造聚丙烯酸之甲氧基聚乙二醇酯及其鹽在水性系統中作為石膏、膠合劑及顏料用分散劑之方法。
歐洲專利第1 061 089 A號揭示將經有機胺修改之聚丙烯酸之甲氧基聚乙二醇酯作為膠合劑超級塑化劑。
美國專利第5,840,114號揭示藉直接酯化/醯胺化而製備的多羧酸之甲氧基聚乙二醇酯及甲氧基聚乙二醇醯胺。
美國專利第5,476,885號揭示由甲氧基聚乙二醇酯與(甲基)丙烯酸之反應所製備的聚(甲基)丙烯酸之甲氧基聚乙二醇酯。
德國專利DE 3 325 738號揭示藉聚丙烯酸與C16-18醇乙氧化物之直接酯化所製造的產物。
本發明人已發現,在此揭示之組成物可達成增加粒狀固體負載、提供硬化性能、形成改良之分散液及降低黏度至少之一。
在一個具體實例中,本發明提供一種包含由(a)至視情況地存在之成分(d)所表示之重複單元的(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物(一般為丙烯酸聚合物):
(a) 至少1或5莫耳%至50莫耳%(或10莫耳%至50莫耳%,或15莫耳%至45莫耳%)之由式(1)所表示之重複單元:
(b) 0.1莫耳%至25莫耳%(或0.5莫耳%至20莫耳%,或1莫耳%至15莫耳%)之由式(2)所表示之重複單元:
(c) 至少25.5莫耳%至94.5莫耳%(或33莫耳%至89莫耳%,或40莫耳%至70莫耳%)之由式(3)所表示之重複單元:
及
(d) 視情況地0莫耳%至10莫耳%(或0莫耳%至4.5莫耳%,或0莫耳%至2莫耳%,或0莫耳%)之選自由苯乙烯、乙烯基甲苯、(甲基)丙烯酸烷酯、2-丙烯醯胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸(亦可指AMPS單體)、及其混合物所組成的群組之重複單元;
其中各
R1可獨立地為氫或甲基;
X可獨立地為-O-、>NR2(一般為-O-);
R2可獨立地為氫或烴基(一般該烴基(如烷基、芳基或烷芳基)可含有1至100個或1至50個碳原子)。一般R2可為氫;
Y可獨立地為-(CHR3-CH2O)mR4;
R3可獨立地為-H-、-CH3或-CH2CH3、或其混合物;
m可為3至45或3至30之整數;
R4可獨立地為烴基(一般為含有1至25個、或1至18個或1至8個碳原子之烷基、芳基或烷芳基);及
M+可獨立地為金屬陽離子(一般為鹼金屬陽離子、鹼土金屬陽離子)或銨陽離子(一般衍生自氨或胺(如烷醇胺))。
在一個具體實例中,本發明提供一種包含粒狀固體(一般為顏料或填料)、有機介質(一般該有機介質可為塑膠材料或有機液體)、及上述包含由(a)至(c)以及視情況地存在之(d)所表示之重複單元的(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物之組成物。
在一個具體實例中,本發明提供一種包含粒狀固體、有機介質、及上述包含由(a)至(c)以及視情況地存在之(d)所表示之重複單元的(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物之組成物。
在一個具體實例中,本發明提供將上述包含由(a)至(c)以及視情況地存在之(d)所表示之重複單元的(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物作為分散劑(一般為塑膠材料中之粒狀分散劑)之用途。
在一個具體實例中,本發明提供將上述包含由(a)至(c)以及視情況地存在之(d)所表示之重複單元的(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物於在此所揭示之組成物中作為分散劑之用途。
本發明提供一種上述之組成物。
在此使用的名詞「(甲基)丙烯酸」係表示丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸單元。
上述由(a)至(c)以及視情況地存在之(d)所表示之(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物可具有包含以下之組成物:
(a) 5或10莫耳%至50莫耳%之由式(1)所表示之重複單元,
(b) 0.5莫耳%至20莫耳%之由式(2)所表示之重複單元,
(c) 25.5莫耳%至94.5莫耳%之由式(3)所表示之重複單元,
(d) 0莫耳%至4.5莫耳%之選自由苯乙烯、乙烯基甲苯、(甲基)丙烯酸烷酯、2-丙烯醯胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸、及其混合物所組成的群組之重複單元。
上述由(a)至(c)以及視情況地存在之(d)所表示之(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物可具有包含以下之組成物:
(a) 10莫耳%至50莫耳%之由式(1)所表示之重複單元,
(b) 1莫耳%至15莫耳%之由式(2)所表示之重複單元,
(c) 33莫耳%至89莫耳%之由式(3)所表示之重複單元,
(d) 0莫耳%至2莫耳%之選自由苯乙烯、乙烯基甲苯、(甲基)丙烯酸烷酯、2-丙烯醯胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸、及其混合物所組成的群組之重複單元。
上述由(a)至(c)以及視情況地存在之(d)所表示之(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物可具有包含以下之組成物:
(a) 15莫耳%至45莫耳%之由式(1)所表示之重複單元,
(b) 1莫耳%至15莫耳%之由式(2)所表示之重複單元,
(c) 40莫耳%至70莫耳%之由式(3)所表示之重複單元,
(d) 0莫耳%之選自由苯乙烯、乙烯基甲苯、(甲基)丙烯酸烷酯、2-丙烯醯胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸、及其混合物所組成的群組之重複單元。
本發明之(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物可具有1000至100,000或1000至50,000之範圍的數量平均分子量。
在一個具體實例中,各R1可獨立地為氫,X可獨立地為-O-,Y可獨立地為-(CHR3-CH2O)mR4,R3可獨立地為-H或-CH3,R4可獨立地為一般含有1至8個碳原子之烴基,及M+可獨立地為銨陽離子。
在一個具體實例中,各R1可獨立地為氫,X可獨立地為>NR2,R2可獨立地為氫或烴基,Y可獨立地為-(CHR3-CH2O)mR4,R3可獨立地為-H或-CH3,R4可獨立地為一般含有1至8個碳原子之烴基,及M+可獨立地為銨陽離子。
在一個具體實例中,各R1可獨立地為氫,X可獨立地為-O-,Y可獨立地為-(CHR3-CH2O)mR4,R3可為-H,R4可獨立地為一般含有1至8個碳原子之烴基,及M+可獨立地為銨陽離子。
在一個具體實例中,各R1可獨立地為氫,X可獨立地為>NR2,R2可獨立地為氫或烴基,Y可獨立地為-(CHR3-CH2O)mR4,R3可為-H,R4可獨立地為一般含有1至8個碳原子之烴基,及M+可獨立地為銨陽離子。
R2與R4可為烷基、芳基或烷芳基。烷基可為直鏈、分支或環狀。
R4可為例如甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基、第三丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、2-乙基己基、壬基、癸基、十二基、2-甲基十二基、十三基、5-甲基十三基、十四基、十五基、十六基、2-甲基十六基、十七基、十八基、十九基、二十基、或其混合物。
在X為-O-時,式(1)之X-Y基可衍生自聚烷二醇單取代烷基醚或其混合物。該聚烷二醇單取代烷基醚可為同元聚合物或無規或嵌段共聚物,一般含有乙二醇。一般而言,如果X-Y含有丙二醇取代基,則其表示具有乙二醇之無規或嵌段共聚物。
例如X-Y基可衍生自甲氧基聚乙二醇、乙氧基聚乙二醇、丙氧基聚乙二醇、丁氧基聚乙二醇、甲氧基聚丙二醇、乙氧基聚丙二醇、丙氧基聚丙二醇、或丁氧基聚丙二醇。
在X為>NR2(且R2可為氫)時,式(1)之X-Y基可衍生自聚環氧烷單烷基醚單胺。此型單胺化合物為如由Huntsman Corporation市售之Surfonamine。Surfonamine胺之指定實例為B-60(環氧丙烷對環氧乙烷之莫耳比為9:1)、L-100(環氧丙烷對環氧乙烷之莫耳比為3:19)、B-200(環氧丙烷對環氧乙烷之莫耳比為29:6)、L-207(環氧丙烷對環氧乙烷之莫耳比為10:32)、L200(環氧丙烷對環氧乙烷之莫耳比為3:41)、及L-300(環氧丙烷對環氧乙烷之莫耳比為8:58)。
M+可獨立地為金屬陽離子(一般為鹼金屬陽離子、鹼土金屬陽離子)或銨陽離子(一般衍生自氨或胺或烷醇胺)。
該金屬陽離子可為鋰、鈉、鉀、鎂、鈣、鋇、或其混合物。
在一個具體實例中,M+可獨立地為銨陽離子。該銨陽離子可衍生自氨、直鏈或分支脂族胺、環狀胺、芳族胺、或胺基醇。在一個具體實例中,該胺基醇可為直鏈。
可用於產生該銨陽離子之胺的實例係包括三甲胺、三乙胺、三丁胺、經胺基烷基取代的雜環化合物(如1-(3-胺基丙基)咪唑、4-(3-胺基丙基啉、1-(2-胺基乙基)哌啶、3,3-二胺基-N-甲基二丙胺、3,3’-胺基雙(N,N-二甲基丙胺)、N,N-二甲基胺基丙胺、N,N-二乙基胺基丙胺、N,N-二甲基胺基乙胺、啉、或其混合物)。
在M+為得自胺之銨時,該胺可為上述之聚環氧烷單烷基醚單胺。
在M+係得自胺基醇時,M+可為胺基醇之殘基,如乙醇胺、異丙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、二乙基乙醇胺、二甲基乙醇胺、二丁基乙醇胺、3-胺基-1,2-丙二醇;絲胺醇;2-胺基-2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇;參(羥基甲基)胺基甲烷;1-胺基-1-去氧基-D-山梨醇;二乙醇胺;二異丙醇胺;N-甲基-N,N-二乙醇胺;N,N,N’,N’-肆(2-羥基丙基)乙二胺、2-胺基-2-甲基-1-丙醇、2-二甲胺基-甲基-1-丙二醇、2-胺基-2-乙基-1,3-丙二醇、2-胺基-1-丁醇、或其混合物。
(d)之(甲基)丙烯酸烷酯可為(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-甲基戊酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-丙基庚酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-丁基辛酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸辛酯、(甲基)丙烯酸壬酯、(甲基)丙烯酸異辛酯、(甲基)丙烯酸異壬酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-第三丁基庚酯、(甲基)丙烯酸3-異丙基庚酯、(甲基)丙烯酸癸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸十一酯、(甲基)丙烯酸5-甲基十一酯、(甲基)丙烯酸十二酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-甲基十二酯、(甲基)丙烯酸十三酯、(甲基)丙烯酸5-甲基十三酯、(甲基)丙烯酸十四酯、(甲基)丙烯酸十五酯、(甲基)丙烯酸十六酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-甲基十六酯、(甲基)丙烯酸十七酯、(甲基)丙烯酸十八酯、(甲基)丙烯酸十九酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二十酯、或其混合物。
該(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物可藉熟悉此技藝者已知之方法製備。例如該(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物可藉聚(甲基)丙烯酸之酯化或醯胺化、或(甲基)丙烯酸與(甲基)丙烯酸酯及/或醯胺之聚合製備。
在一個具體實例中,在此所揭示之(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物為分散劑,一般用分散粒狀固態材料。
在不同之具體實例中,在此所揭示之(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物係以選自0.1至50重量%或0.25至35重量%及0.5至30重量%之範圍存在於本發明組成物中。
存在於組成物中之粒狀固體可為任何無機或有機固態材料,其在相關溫度實質上不溶於有機介質,且其希望在其中以細微分割形式安定化。該粒狀固體可為顆粒材料、纖維、平板之形式,或粉末(經常為吹製粉末)之形式。在一個具體實例中,該粒狀固體為填料。
合適固體之實例為塑膠材料用之顏料、增量劑、填料、發泡劑、與阻燃劑;染料,特別是分散染料;金屬;陶瓷、壓電陶瓷印刷、磨料、電容器、或燃料電池用之粒狀陶瓷材料及磁性材料、鐵磁流體;有機與無機奈米分散固體;纖維,如木材、紙、玻璃、鋼鐵、或複合材料用之碳與硼。
無機顏料之實例係包括:金屬氧化物,如二氧化鈦;金紅石二氧化鈦與表面塗布二氧化鈦;不同顏色(如黃色與黑色)之氧化鈦;不同顏色(如黃色、紅色、棕色、與黑色)之氧化鐵;氧化鋅;氧化鋯;氧化鋁;氧基金屬化合物,如釩酸鉍、鋁酸鈷、錫酸鈷、鋅酸鈷、鉻酸鋅,及錳、鎳、鈦、鉻、銻、鎂、鈷、鐵、或鋁之二或更多種的混合金屬氧化物;普魯士藍;朱紅;群青;磷酸鋅;硫化鋅;鈣與鋅之鉬酸鹽與鉻酸鹽;金屬效果顏料,如薄鋁片、銅、與銅/鋅合金;珠光片(pearlescent flake),如碳酸鉛與氧氯化鉍。
無機固體係包括增量劑與填料,如經研磨與沉澱碳酸鈣、硫酸鈣、氧化鈣、草酸鈣、磷酸鈣、膦酸鈣、硫酸鋇、碳酸鋇、氧化鎂、氫氧化鎂、天然氫氧化鎂或水鎂石、沉澱氫氧化鎂、碳酸鎂、白雲石、三氫氧化鋁、過氧化鋁或柏買石、矽酸鈣與矽酸鎂、鋁矽酸鹽(包括奈米黏土)、高嶺土、微晶高嶺石(包括膨土、水輝石與皂石)、雲母、滑石(包括白雲母、金雲母、鋰雲母與綠泥石)、白堊、合成與沉澱氧化矽、熱解氧化矽、金屬纖維與粉末、鋅、鋁、玻璃纖維、耐火纖維、碳黑(包括單與多壁碳奈米管)、強化與非強化碳黑、石墨、巴克明斯特富勒烯(Buckminsterfullerenes)、瀝青烯、石墨烯、鑽石、氧化鋁、石英、矽膠、木粉、木屑(包括軟與硬木、鋸屑、粉狀紙/纖維)、纖維質纖維(如洋麻、麻、劍麻、亞麻、棉、棉絨、黃麻、苧麻、稻殼或外皮、酒椰、香蒲節、椰子纖維、椰棕、油棕櫚纖維、木棉、香蕉葉、卡羅(caro)、卡羅阿葉纖維(curaua)、墨西哥龍舌蘭麻葉、亞麻(harakeke)葉、馬尼拉麻、甘蔗渣、稻草、竹片、麵粉、MDF等)、蛭石、沸石、水滑石、得自發電廠之飛灰、經焚化污泥灰、火山灰、鼓風爐熔渣、石棉、溫石棉、鎂閃石、青石棉、矽灰石、鎂質膨土等;粒狀材料,如氧化鋁、氧化鋯、氧化鈦、氧化鈰、氮化矽、氮化鋁、氮化硼、碳化矽、碳化硼、混合氮化矽-鋁、與金屬鈦酸鹽;粒狀磁性材料,如過渡金屬(經常為鐵與鉻)之磁性氧化物,例如γ-Fe2O3、Fe3O4、與摻鈷氧化鐵,鐵酸鹽,例如鐵酸鋇;以及金屬粒子,例如金屬鋁、鐵、鎳、鈷、銅、銀、金、鈀、與鉑、及其合金。
其他可用之固態材料係包括阻燃劑,如五溴二苯醚、八溴二苯醚、十溴二苯醚、六溴環十二碳烷、聚磷酸銨、三聚氰胺、三聚氰胺三聚氰酸酯、氧化銻與硼酸銻。
在一個具體實例中,存在於本發明組成物中之有機介質為塑膠材料,及在另一個具體實例中為有機液體。該有機液體可為非極性或極性有機液體,雖然一般係使用極性有機液體。關於有機液體之名詞「極性」,其係表示該有機液體可形成中至強鍵。如Crowley等人在Journal of Paint Technology,第38卷,1966第269頁的標題為”A Three Dimensional Approach to Solubility”之文章所揭述。如上述文章所定義,此有機液體通常具有5個或以上之氫鍵數。
合適極性有機液體之實例為胺、醚(特別是低碳烷基醚)、有機酸、酯、酮、二醇、醇、與醯胺。此中等強度氫鍵液體之數個指定實例係示於Ibert Mellan的標題為”Compatibility and Solubility”(1968年由Noyes Development Corporation出版)之書中,第39-40頁之表2.14,且這些液體均在在此所使用的名詞極性有機液體之範圍內。
在一個具體實例中,極性有機液體係包括二烷基酮、烷屬烴羧酸與烷醇之烷基酯,特別是含有至多且包括總共6至8個碳原子之液體。至於極性有機液體之實例,其係包括二烷基與環烷基酮,如丙酮、甲基乙基酮、二乙酮、二異丙酮、甲基異丁基酮、二異丁酮、甲基異戊基酮、甲基正戊基酮、與環己酮;烷基酯,如乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸異丙酯、乙酸丁酯、甲酸乙酯、丙酸甲酯、丙基乙酸甲氧酯、與丁酸乙酯;二醇與二醇酯與醚,如乙二醇、2-乙氧基乙醇、3-甲氧基丙基丙醇、3-乙氧基丙基丙醇、乙酸2-丁氧基乙酯、乙酸3-甲氧基丙酯、乙酸3-乙氧基丙酯、與乙酸2-乙氧基乙酯;烷醇,如甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、異丙醇、正丁醇、與異丁醇,及環狀醚,如二乙醚與四氫呋喃。在一個具體實例中,溶劑為烷醇、烷屬烴羧酸、及烷屬烴羧酸之酯。
可作為極性有機液體之有機液體的實例為膜形成樹脂。此樹脂之實例係包括聚醯胺,如VersamidTM與WolfamidTM,及纖維素醚,如乙基纖維素與乙基羥乙基纖維素、硝基纖維素、與乙酸丁酸纖維素樹脂,包括其混合物。樹脂之實例係包括短油醇酸/三聚氰胺-甲醛、聚酯/三聚氰胺-甲醛、熱固性丙烯酸/三聚氰胺-甲醛、長鏈油醇酸、聚醚多元醇、及多介質樹脂(如丙烯系與尿素/醛)。
有機液體可為多元醇,即具有兩個或以上之羥基的有機液體。在一個具體實例中,多元醇係包括α-ω二醇或α-ω二醇乙氧化物。
在一個具體實例中,非極性有機液體為含有脂族基、芳族基之化合物或其混合物。非極性有機液體係包括非鹵化芳族烴(例如甲苯與二甲苯)、鹵化芳族烴(例如氯苯、二氯苯、氯甲苯)、非鹵化脂族烴(例如含有六個或以上之碳原子的直鏈與分支脂族烴,完全與部分飽和均可)、鹵化脂族烴(例如二氯甲烷、四氯化碳、氯仿、三氯乙烷)、及天然非極性有機物(例如蔬菜油、葵花油、亞麻仁油、萜烯、與甘油酯)。
在一個具體實例中,該有機液體係包括按全部有機液體計為至少0.1重量%,或1重量%或更多之極性有機液體。
在一個具體實例中,該有機液體無水。
該塑膠材料可為熱固性樹脂或熱塑性樹脂。可用於本發明之熱固性樹脂係包括在加熱、被催化或接受紫外線、雷射光、紅外線、陽離子、電子束、或微波輻射時進行化學反應,且變成相當難溶之樹脂。熱固性樹脂中之典型反應係包括:不飽和雙鍵之氧化;涉及環氧基/胺、環氧基/羰基、環氧基/羥基之反應;環氧基與路易士酸或路易士鹼、聚異氰酸酯/羥基、胺基樹脂/羥基部分、自由基反應或聚丙烯酸酯之反應;環氧樹脂與乙烯基醚之陽離子性聚合;及矽醇之縮合。不飽和樹脂之實例係包括由一種或以上之二元酸或酐與一種或以上之二醇的反應所製造之聚酯樹脂。此樹脂通常以具反應性單體(如苯乙烯或乙烯基甲苯)之混合物而供應,且經常指鄰酞酸樹脂及異酞酸樹脂。進一步實例係包括使用二環戊二烯(DCPD)作為聚酯鏈中共反應物之樹脂。進一步實例亦包括聯酚A二環氧丙基醚與不飽和羧酸(如甲基丙烯酸)之反應產物,繼而如於苯乙烯中之溶液而供應,通常稱為乙烯酯樹脂。
具有羥基官能基(經常為多元醇)之聚合物係廣泛地用於熱固性系統以與胺基樹脂或聚異氰酸酯交聯。該多元醇係包括丙烯酸多元醇、醇酸多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇、與聚胺基甲酸酯多元醇。典型胺基樹脂係包括三聚氰胺甲醛樹脂、苯并胍胺甲醛樹脂、尿素甲醛樹脂、與乙炔脲甲醛樹脂。聚異氰酸酯為具有兩個或以上之異氰酸酯基的樹脂,其係包括單聚脂族二異氰酸酯、單聚芳族二異氰酸酯、及其聚合物。典型脂族二異氰酸酯係包括六亞甲二異氰酸酯、異佛耳酮二異氰酸酯、與氫化二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯。典型芳族二異氰酸酯係包括甲苯二異氰酸酯與二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯。
該塑膠材料(如熱固性樹脂)可用於船體、浴池、淋浴盆、座位、火車、有軌電車、船舶、飛機用排水管與防水壁、車輛與車斗用車體嵌板之零件。
如果希望,則含有塑膠材料之組成物可含有其他成分,例如本發明化合物以外之分散劑、防霧劑、晶核生成劑、發泡劑、阻燃劑、處理助劑、界面活性劑、塑化劑、熱安定劑、UV吸收劑、抗氧化劑、香料、脫模助劑、抗靜電劑、抗微生物劑、殺菌劑、偶合劑、潤滑劑(外部及內部)、衝擊改良劑、助滑劑、空氣釋放劑、與黏度抑制劑。
該組成物一般含有至多1至95重量%之粒狀固體,精確量係依固體本性而定,且該量係依固體本性及固體與極性有機液體之相對密度而定。例如按組成物總重量計,在一個具體實例中,其中固體為有機材料(如有機顏料)之組成物係含有15至60重量%之固體,而在另一個具體實例中,其中固體為無機材料(如無機顏料、填料或增量劑)之組成物係含有40至90重量%之固體。
該組成物可藉已知用於製備分散液之任何習知方法製備。因此可將固體、有機介質及分散劑以任何次序混合,然後將混合物進行機械處理以將固體之粒子減小成合適之大小,例如藉球磨、珠磨、重力研磨、高剪切混合、或塑性研磨直到形成分散液。或者可獨立地或混合有機介質或分散劑而處理固體以減小其粒度,然後添加其他成分且將混合物攪動而提供該組成物。
在一個具體實例中,本發明之組成物適合液態分散液。在一個具體實例中,此分散液組成物係包含:(a) 0.5至40份之粒狀固體,(b) 0.5至30份之在此所揭示之(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物,及(c) 30至99份之有機介質;其中所有之份均為重量比且量(a)+(b)+(c)=100。
在一個具體實例中,成分a)係包括0.5至40份之顏料,且此分散液可作為研磨基料。
如果需要乾燥形式的包括粒狀固體與在此所揭示之(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物的組成物,則該有機液體一般為揮發性使得其可藉簡單之分離手段(如蒸發)容易地從粒狀固體移除。在一個具體實例中,該組成物係包括該有機液體。
如果乾燥組成物本質上係由在此所揭示之(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物與粒狀固體所組成,則其一般含有按粒狀固體重量計為至少0.2%,至少0.5%或至少1.0%之在此所揭示之(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物。在一個具體實例中,該乾燥組成物係含有按粒狀固體重量計為不大於100%,不大於50%,不大於20%,或不大於10重量%之在此所揭示之(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物。在一個具體實例中,在此所揭示之(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物係存在0.6重量%至8重量%。
如前所揭示,本發明之組成物適合用於製備研磨基料,其中係在在此所揭示之(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物或其鹽存在下,將粒狀固體在有機液體中研磨。
因此依照本發明之又一個具體實例提供一種研磨基料,其係包括粒狀固體、有機液體及在此所揭示之(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物或其鹽。
一般而言,該研磨基料係含有按研磨基料總重量計為20至70重量%之粒狀固體。在一個具體實例中,該粒狀固體係不小於研磨基料重量之10或不小於20重量%。此研磨基料可視情況地含有在研磨之前或之後添加的黏合劑。該黏合劑為在有機液體揮發時可黏合該組成物之聚合材料。
黏合劑為包括天然及合成材料之聚合材料。在一個具體實例中,黏合劑係包括聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚苯乙烯、聚酯、聚胺基甲酸酯、醇酸、多醣(如纖維素)、及天然蛋白質(如酪蛋白)。在一個具體實例中,該黏合劑係以按粒狀固體量計為不超過100%,不超過200%,不超過300%,或不超過400%而存在於該組成物中。
研磨基料中選用黏合劑之量可在大範圍內改變,但是一般不小於研磨基料的連續/液相重量之10%,且經常不小於20重量%。在一個具體實例中,黏合劑之量係不大於研磨基料的連續/液相重量之50%或不大於40重量%。
研磨基料中分散劑之量係依粒狀固體量而定,但是一般為研磨基料之0.5至5重量%。
由本發明組成物所製造之分散液及研磨基料特別適合用於非水性及無溶劑調配物,其中係使用能量硬化性系統(紫外線、雷射光、紅外線、陽離子性、電子束、微波)及存在於調配物中之單體、寡聚物等或組合。其特別適合用於塑膠;多元醇與塑性溶膠分散液;非水性陶瓷方法,特別是薄帶流延、凝膠流延、刮刀流延、擠壓與噴射成型方法,一個進一步實例為製備均力加壓用乾燥陶瓷粉;複合物,如片狀模壓與填積模壓化合物、樹脂轉移成型、拉擠成型、手工積層與噴灑積層法、匹配模成型;構造材料(如流延樹脂)及塑膠材料。其可用於顏料及填料之表面修改,以改良用於以上應用之乾粉的分散力。塗覆材料之進一步實例係示於Bodo Muller,Ulrich Poth,Lackformulierung與Lackrezeptur之Lehrbuch fr Ausbildung und Praxis,Vincentz Verlag,Hanover(2003),及P.G.Garrat之Strahlenhartung,Vincentz Verlag,Hanover(1996)。印墨調配物之實例係示於E.W.Flick之Printing Ink and Overprint Varnish Formulations-Recent Developments,Noyes Publications,Park Ridge NJ,(1990),及後續版本。
在一個具體實例中,本發明之組成物進一步包括一種或以上之額外已知分散劑。
以下之實施例提供本發明之例證。這些實施例為非絕對性且不欲限制本發明之範圍。所有化學物均購自Aldrich,除非另有所述。
比較例A(COMA)為藉德國專利887 241號,實施例1所揭述之方法而製造的化合物。
比較例B(COMB)係藉以下之反應製備。將聚丙烯酸(MW 1800,得自Sigma Aldrich,20.7份)與聚乙二醇一甲基醚(MW 550,得自ICN,79份)裝入反應燒瓶且在氮氈下加熱至120℃直到均勻。添加正磷酸(得自Sigma Aldrich,0.3份)。將反應溫度提高至180℃且將攪拌維持12小時而獲得酸值為78毫克KOH/克之透明液體。
<中間物1>將聚丙烯酸(MW 1800,得自Sigma Aldrich,16份)與聚乙二醇一甲基醚(MW 550,得自ICN,84份)裝入反應燒瓶且在氮氈下加熱至120℃直到均勻。添加正磷酸(得自Sigma Aldrich,0.3份)。將反應溫度提高至180℃且將攪拌維持12小時而獲得酸值為60毫克KOH/克之透明液體。
<中間物2>將聚丙烯酸(MW 1800,得自Sigma Aldrich,16份)與聚乙二醇一甲基醚(MW 750,得自ICN,84份)裝入反應燒瓶且在氮氈下加熱至120℃直到均勻。添加正磷酸(得自Sigma Aldrich,0.3份)。將反應溫度提高至180℃且將攪拌維持12小時而獲得酸值為52毫克KOH/克之透明液體。
<中間物3>將聚丙烯酸(MW 1800,得自Sigma Aldrich,28份)與聚乙二醇一甲基醚(MW 550,得自ICN,72份)裝入反應燒瓶且在氮氈下加熱至120℃直到均勻。添加正磷酸(得自Sigma Aldrich,0.3份)。將反應溫度提高至180℃且將攪拌維持12小時而獲得酸值為55毫克KOH/克之透明液體。
<中間物4>將聚丙烯酸(MW 1800,得自Sigma Aldrich,11份)與聚乙二醇一甲基醚(MW 750,得自ICN,86份)裝入反應燒瓶且在氮氈下加熱至120℃直到均勻。添加正磷酸(得自Sigma Aldrich,0.3份)。將反應溫度提高至180℃且將攪拌維持12小時而獲得酸值為46毫克KOH/克之透明液體。
[製備例1(PREP1)]將中間物2(10份)裝入反應燒瓶且在氮氈下加熱至70℃。添加三乙醇胺(得自Sigma Aldrich,0.34份)且將混合物攪拌2小時而獲得雜白色蠟。此為分散劑1。
[製備例2(PREP2)]將中間物1(10份)裝入反應燒瓶且在氮氈下加熱至70℃。添加三乙醇胺(得自Sigma Aldrich,0.4份)且將混合物攪拌2小時而獲得雜白色黏性液。此為分散劑2。
[製備例3(PREP3)]將中間物3(10份)裝入反應燒瓶且在氮氈下加熱至70℃。添加三乙醇胺(得自Sigma Aldrich,0.4份)且將混合物攪拌2小時而獲得雜白色黏性液。此為分散劑3。
[製備例4(PREP4)]將中間物4(10份)裝入反應燒瓶且在氮氈下加熱至70℃。添加三乙醇胺(得自Sigma Aldrich,0.6份)且將混合物攪拌2小時而獲得雜白色黏性液。
<分散液評估>將Crystic 471(不飽和聚酯樹脂(得自Scott Bader Co.,50克))裝入不銹鋼研磨容器且設定成迅速地攪拌。添加各實施例分散劑(1份活性分散劑)且攪拌至樹脂中歷時5分鐘。逐漸添加OmyacarbTM 10ML(碳酸鈣,得自Omya,100份)填料直到裝入實質上全部填料。然後將混合物以3000rpm攪拌15分鐘而形成糊狀物。評估該糊狀物之黏度。
各糊狀物樣品係在TA Instruments AR2000 Controlled Stress流變計上以流動測量模式測量,其使用具1毫米間隙之40毫米不銹鋼交叉板。該實驗為25℃分段流動測量。將樣品以0.5秒-1至120秒-1之速率剪切。所獲得之黏度資料(Pas)如下:
註:控制不含分散劑。
<硬化資料>在小玻璃瓶中將Crystic 471 PALV不飽和聚酯樹脂(得自Scott Bader Co.)與樣品(0.35份)完全地混合。使用熱電偶探針測量混合物之溫度。一旦獲得穩定之溫度則添加過氧化甲基乙基酮(得自Aldrich)(0.4份)且將小玻璃瓶之內容物完全混合。在60分鐘期間每分鐘將該混合物之溫度取樣一次而提供硬化開始速度及放熱波峰溫度之測度。概括而言,放熱波峰發生得越高及越快,則硬化越有效率。顯著地降低或延遲之放熱波峰係顯示硬化機制受到所使用之分散劑干擾。在這些結果中,如果放熱波峰大於50度攝氏且放熱波峰在經過40分鐘前發生,則將候選調配物判為通過。如果放熱波峰小於50度攝氏及/或放熱波峰在經過40分鐘後發生,則將候選者判為失敗。實施例之結果為:
由該測試所獲得之資料顯示,本發明之組成物具有可接受之硬化性能,且形成優於含有比較例分散劑之組成物的改良分散液。
以上指稱之各文件均在此併入作為參考。應了解,除了在實施例中或者另有明確地指示之處,本說明書中所有指定材料量、反應條件、分子量、碳原子數量等之數值均以文字「約」修飾。除非另有指示,在此指稱之各化學物或組成物應解讀成商業級材料,其可能含有異構物、副產物、衍生物、及通常了解存在於商業級之其他材料。然而,各化學成分之量係排除可能習慣地存在於商業材料之任何溶劑或稀釋油,除非另有指示。應了解,在此所述之上下限、範圍、及比例限制均可獨立地組合。類似地,本發明各成分之範圍及量均可與任何其他成分之範圍或量一起使用。
雖然本發明已關於其較佳具體實例而解釋,應了解,在閱讀說明書之後,其各種修改對熟悉此技藝者為顯而易知的。因此應了解,在此揭示之本發明欲涵蓋此種修改而在所附申請專利範圍之範圍內。
Claims (12)
- 一種組成物,其係包含粒狀固體、有機介質、及包含由(a)至(c)以及視情況地存在之(d)所表示之重複單元的(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物,其中該有機介質為選自不飽和聚酯樹脂之熱固性樹脂,該不飽和聚酯樹脂是由一種以上的二元酸或酐與一種以上的二醇視情況地在二環戊二烯(DCPD)作為聚酯鏈中的共反應物的存在下反應而製得、或是由聯酚A二環氧丙基醚與不飽和羧酸之反應產物,(a)至少1莫耳%至50莫耳%之由式(1)所表示之重複單元:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中各R1為氫,X為-O-,Y獨立地為-(CHR3-CH2O)mR4,R3獨立地為-H或-CH3,R4獨立地為一般含有1至8個碳原子之烴基,及M+可獨立地為銨陽離子。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中各R1為氫,X為-O-,Y獨立地為-(CHR3-CH2O)mR4,R3為-H,R4獨立地為含有1至8個碳原子之烴基,及M+獨立地為銨陽離子。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中各R1為氫,X為>NR2,R2獨立地為氫或烴基,Y獨立地為-(CHR3-CH2O)mR4,R3獨立地為-H或-CH3,R4獨立地為含有1至8個碳原子之烴基,及M+可獨立地為銨陽離子。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中各R1為氫,X為>NR2,R2獨立地為氫或烴基,Y獨立地為-(CHR3-CH2O)mR4,R3為-H,R4獨立地為含有1至8個碳原子之烴基,及M+可獨立地為銨陽離子。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中該(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物係具有1000至100,000之範圍的數量平均分子量。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至6項中任一項之組成物,其中該聚合物係包含一種或以上之重複單元(a)至(c)以及視情況地存在之(d):(a)10莫耳%至50莫耳%之由式(1)所表示之重複單元,(b)1莫耳%至15莫耳%之由式(2)所表示之重複單元,(c)33莫耳%至89莫耳%之由式(3)所表示之重複單元,(d)0莫耳%至2莫耳%之選自由苯乙烯、乙烯基甲苯、(甲基)丙烯酸烷酯、2-丙烯醯胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸、及其混合物所組成的群組之重複單元。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至6項中任一項之組成物,其中該 聚合物係包含一種或以上之重複單元(a)至(c)以及視情況地存在之(d):(a)15莫耳%至45莫耳%之由式(1)所表示之重複單元,(b)1莫耳%至15莫耳%之由式(2)所表示之重複單元,(c)40莫耳%至70莫耳%之由式(3)所表示之重複單元,(d)0莫耳%至1莫耳%之選自由苯乙烯、乙烯基甲苯、(甲基)丙烯酸烷酯、2-丙烯醯胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸、及其混合物所組成的群組之重複單元。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至6項中任一項之組成物,其中該聚合物係包含一種或以上之重複單元(a)至(c)以及視情況地存在之(d):(a)15莫耳%至45莫耳%之由式(1)所表示之重複單元,(b)1莫耳%至15莫耳%之由式(2)所表示之重複單元,(c)40莫耳%至70莫耳%之由式(3)所表示之重複單元,(d)0莫耳%之選自由苯乙烯、乙烯基甲苯、(甲基)丙烯酸烷酯、2-丙烯醯胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸、及其混合物所組成的群組之重複單元。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至6項中任一項之組成物,其中該(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物係以選自組成物之0.25重量%至35重量%的範圍而存在。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至6項中任一項之組成物,其中該粒狀固體為顏料或填料。
- 一種將如申請專利範圍第1至10項中任一項之組成物 中之(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物作為熱固性樹脂中之顏料分散劑之用途。
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