TWI517638B - 正交分頻多工無線通信系統中實施空間頻率區塊編碼方法及裝置 - Google Patents

正交分頻多工無線通信系統中實施空間頻率區塊編碼方法及裝置 Download PDF

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TWI517638B
TWI517638B TW101121628A TW101121628A TWI517638B TW I517638 B TWI517638 B TW I517638B TW 101121628 A TW101121628 A TW 101121628A TW 101121628 A TW101121628 A TW 101121628A TW I517638 B TWI517638 B TW I517638B
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sfbc
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關傑勇
羅伯特 奧勒森
艾庫特 波坦
愛爾戴德 萊爾
章修 谷
費堤 歐茲魯特
黃元錦
卡爾佩杜 帕薩德
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內數位科技公司
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/02—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
    • H04L1/06—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
    • H04L1/0606—Space-frequency coding
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    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
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    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0621—Feedback content
    • H04B7/0626—Channel coefficients, e.g. channel state information [CSI]
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    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
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    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0621—Feedback content
    • H04B7/0632—Channel quality parameters, e.g. channel quality indicator [CQI]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0658—Feedback reduction
    • H04B7/066—Combined feedback for a number of channels, e.g. over several subcarriers like in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing [OFDM]
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    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0002—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate
    • H04L1/0003—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate by switching between different modulation schemes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0023—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the signalling
    • H04L1/0026—Transmission of channel quality indication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/10—Frequency-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using frequency-shift keying
    • H04L27/14—Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits
    • H04L27/156—Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits with demodulation using temporal properties of the received signal, e.g. detecting pulse width
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2626—Arrangements specific to the transmitter only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
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    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2626—Arrangements specific to the transmitter only
    • H04L27/2646—Arrangements specific to the transmitter only using feedback from receiver for adjusting OFDM transmission parameters, e.g. transmission timing or guard interval length
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0003—Two-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0005—Time-frequency
    • H04L5/0007—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0058—Allocation criteria
    • H04L5/006—Quality of the received signal, e.g. BER, SNR, water filling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/0014—Carrier regulation
    • H04L2027/0044—Control loops for carrier regulation
    • H04L2027/0046—Open loops
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0014—Three-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0023—Time-frequency-space
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
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    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
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Description

正交分頻多工無線通信系統中實施空間頻率區塊編碼方法及裝置
本發明係有關無線通信系統。更特別是，本發明係有關正交分頻多工(OFDM)無線通信系統中實施空間頻率區塊編碼(SFBC)方法及裝置。
正交分頻多工係為資料被分割為複數較小資料流，而各資料流係使用具有小於全部可得傳輸頻寬之頻寬之次載波來傳送之資料傳輸方案。正交分頻多工效率係視這些彼此正交之次載波而定。該次載波彼此並不干擾，而各運載一部份總使用者資料。
正交分頻多工系統係具有優於其他無線通信系統之優點。當使用者資料被分割為不同次載波所運載之資料流時，各次載波上之有效資料速率係非常小。因此，符號持續期間係非常長。大符號持續期間係可容許較大延遲展開。也就是說，其並不被多路嚴重影響。然而，典型無線系統需要複雜頻道等化方案來對抗多路衰落。
正交分頻多工另一優點係為傳送器及接收器處之正交次載波產生係可藉由使用反向快速富利葉轉換(IFFT)及快速富利葉轉換(FFT)引擎來達成。因為反向快速富利葉轉換及快速富利葉轉換實施係為人熟知，所以正交分頻多工可被輕易實施而不需複雜接收器。
多輸入多輸出(MIMO)係涉及傳送器及接收器使用一個 以上天線之無線傳送及接收方案類型。多輸入多輸出系統係利用空間分集或空間多工並改善信號雜訊比(SNR)及增加產出。
空間頻率區塊編碼係為鄰近次載波而非連續時槽中之相同次載波上之空間分集編碼之傳送符號。空間頻率區塊編碼可避免空間時間區塊編碼中之快速時間變異問題。然而，組合發生之次載波上之頻道必須固定。
本發明係有關正交分頻多工無線通信系統中實施空間頻率區塊編碼方法及裝置。本發明可應用至封閉迴路模式及開放迴路模式。封閉迴路模式中，功率負載及固有波束成形係以頻道狀態資訊(CSI)來執行。頻道編碼資料流係被多工為兩個或更多資料流。功率負載係以各被多工資料流上之頻道狀態資訊為基礎來執行。空間頻率區塊編碼係被執行於各被配對次載波之資料流上。接著，固有波束成形係以該頻道狀態資訊為基礎來執行以計算多傳送天線上之固有波束。功率負載可被執行於兩個或更多空間頻率區塊編碼區塊或各固有波束上。另外，功率負載可針對弱固有模式被執行跨越次載波或次載波群組。
依據本發明，具有或無頻道資訊回授之強力頻道估計可被提供於所有頻道狀況中，而低複雜性係被達成於傳送器及接收器處。此外，可度量解可以使用任何天線配置，而向後相容性係被提供具有802.11a/g之增強效能。
此後，”站”(STA)名詞係包含但不限於使用者設備，無線傳輸/接收單元，固定或行動用戶單元，呼叫器，或可操作於無線環境中之任何其他類型元件。此後被稱為”存取點(AP)”者係包含但不限於B節點，基地台，位址控制器，或無線環境中之任何其他接介裝置。
本發明將參考附圖做說明，其中遍及全文之相同參考符號係代表相同元件。應注意，被提供於本發明之圖示係為高位準功能區塊圖，而該功能區塊所實施之功能係多少可藉由區塊來實施。本發明特性可被併入積體電路(IC)，或被配置於包含複數互連組件之電路中。
本發明實施例係提供可實施空間頻率區塊編碼多輸入多輸出編碼之一傳送器及接收器匹配濾波器。實施例亦提供傳送器頻道預編碼及接收器天線處理及頻道分解功能。
系統操作具有兩模式：封閉迴路及開放迴路。封閉迴路係被使用於傳送器可獲得頻道狀態資訊時。開放迴路係被使用於頻道狀態資訊不可得時。變異可被用於傳送至可提供分集利益之固有站。
封閉迴路模式中，頻道狀態資訊係被用來藉由分解及對角化頻道矩陣及傳送器處之預編碼來創造虛擬獨立頻道。被給定TGn頻道之固有值展開，本發明係使用對頻道預編碼器之輸入處之傳送器中之空間頻率多輸入多輸出編碼以降低資料速率代價來增加強固性。多輸入多輸出中之任何編碼 方案均必須處理分集對多工增益置換。預期具有最適合特定頻道統計之置換方案。空間頻率區塊編碼係因低行動性及長頻道一致時間而被選擇。此方案允許較最小均方誤差(MMSE)接收器為簡單之接收器實施。組合解可促成大範圍上之較高產出。本發明實施例可允許每次載波功率/位元負載，並經由頻道狀態回授之封閉迴路操作來維持持續強固鏈結。另一潛在利益係其可輕易度量傳送器及接收器處之任何數量天線。
頻道狀態資訊可藉由來自接收器之回授或經由開發頻道相互性或被獲得自傳送器處。頻道相互性係有用於主分頻雙工基礎系統。此例中，傳送器及接收器可獨立估計及分解該頻道。當信號雜訊比很高而降低回授頻寬負載時，頻道更新速率可被降低。潛伏要求及回授資料速率對固有值之固有頻率非選擇性通常並不明顯。
封閉迴路模式係需校準傳送器來補償上鏈及下鏈方向之被估計頻道振福及相位差。此係不常被達成於如站連結期間或應用控制下，且可使用頻道相互性來估計兩端之頻道。此外，每固有波束之頻道品質指標(CQI)(或信號雜訊比)係被回授至傳送器來支援適應性速率控制。
第一圖係為實施封閉迴路模式之正交分頻多工-多輸入多輸出系統100區塊圖。系統100係包含一傳送器110及一接收器130。傳送器110係包含一頻道編碼器112，一多工器114，一功率負載單元116，複數空間頻率區塊編碼單元118，複數串聯並鏈(S/P)轉換器120，複數固有波束成形器 122,複數反向快速富利葉轉換單元124，及複數傳送天線(無圖示)。頻道編碼器112可較佳一具被傳送自接收器130之頻道品質指標來編碼資料。頻道品質指標係被用來決定每次載波或次載波群組之編碼速率及調變方案。編碼資料流係被多工器114多工為兩個或更多資料流。各資料流之傳送功率位準係以回授為基礎藉由功率負載單元116來調整。功率負載單元116係針對各固有波束資料速率來調整功率位準以平衡所有固有波束(或次載波)上之總傳送功率，其將被詳細解釋如下。
空間頻率區塊編碼單元118係執行資料流上之空間頻率區塊編碼。空間頻率區塊編碼係針對被傳送之資料速率被達成於固有波束及次載波上。固有波束及次載波配對係被選擇來確保獨立頻道。正交分頻多工係被執行於K次載波上。為了容納空間頻率區塊編碼，次載波係被分割為L對次載波(次載波群組)。各組次載波之頻寬應小於頻道相干性頻寬。然而，當組合固有波束成形時，此限制係因固有波束頻率遲鈍而被放鬆。
區塊編碼所使用之次載波群組對係被單獨考慮。以下係為被應用至正交分頻多工之Alamouti型空間頻率區塊編碼例：
一旦空間頻率區塊編碼單元118建構所有次載波之正交分頻多工符號，則編碼區塊被串聯並鏈轉換器120多工及輸 入至固有波束成形器122。固有波束成形器122係將固有波束分配至傳送天線。反向快速富利葉轉換單元124係將頻域中之資料轉換為時域中之資料。
接收器130係包含複數接收天線(無圖示)，複數快速富利葉轉換單元132，固有波束成形器134，空間頻率區塊編碼解碼單元136，一組合器138，一頻道解碼器144，一頻道估計器140，一頻道狀態資訊產生器142及一頻道品質指標產生器146。
快速富利葉轉換單元132係轉換該被接收樣本為頻域，而固有波束成形器134，空間頻率區塊編碼解碼單元136及頻道解碼器144係執行被實施於傳送器110處之反向操作。組合器138係使用最大比率組合(MRC)來組合空間頻率區塊編碼解碼結果。
頻道估計器140係使用被傳送自傳送器之訓練佇列來產生頻道矩陣，並藉由單值分解(SVD)或固有值分解來分解該頻道矩陣為每次載波(或每次載波群組)兩波束成形單一矩陣U及V(U用於傳送，而V用於接收)及一對角矩陣D。頻道狀態資訊產生器142係從頻道估計結果產生頻道狀態資訊，而頻道品質指標產生器係以該解碼結果為基礎來產生頻道品質指標。頻道狀態資訊及頻道品質指標係被傳回傳送器110。
nT傳送天線及nR接收天線間之頻道矩陣H可被寫為如下：
頻道矩陣H係藉由單值分解分解如下：H=UDV H ，其中U及V係為單一矩陣，而D為對角矩陣。而。接著，針對傳送符號向量s，傳送預編碼係被簡單執行如下：x=Vs(被傳送信號)。
被接收信號變成如下：y=HVs+n，其中n為被引進頻道中之雜訊。接收器係使用匹配濾波器來完成該分解：V H H H =V H VD H U H =D H U H 。
一般化固有波束之頻道增益之後，傳送符號s之估計變成
s係不必執行連續干擾消除或最小均方誤差型針測器即可被偵測。
D H D係為藉由跨越對角之H固有值來形成之對角矩陣。因此，一般化因子α=D-2。U為HH H 之固有向量，V為HH H 之固有向量，而D為H之單一值對角矩陣(HH H 之固有值平方根)。
第二圖係為依據本發明實施開放迴路模式之系統200區塊圖。系統200係包含一傳送器210及一接收器230。開放迴路模式中，傳送器210中之空間頻率編碼及空間展開組合係不需頻道狀態資訊即可提供分集。當操作固有802.11a/g站時，此方案變異係可被使用。
傳送器210係包含一頻道編碼器212，一多工器214，一功率負載單元216，複數空間頻率區塊編碼單元218，複數串聯並鏈轉換器220，波束成形器網路(BFN)222，複數反向快速富利葉轉換單元224，及複數傳送天線226。如同封閉迴路模式中，頻道編碼器212係使用頻道品質指標來決定每次載波或次載波群組之編碼速率及調變。被編碼資料流係被多工器24多工為兩個或更多資料流。
開放迴路中，固有波束成形器係被波束成形器網路222取代。波束成形器網路222係形成空間中之N波束，其中N為天線226之數量。該波束係藉由波束成形器網路矩陣操作被偽隨機建構。被用於空間頻率區塊編碼之獨立次載波群組係被傳送於個別波束上。
針對固有支援，空間頻率區塊編碼可能不被執行。經由波束排列之替代分集係被執行，其可改善固有802.11a/g設備之效能。
接收器230係包含接收天線231，快速富利葉轉換單元232，波束成形器網路234，空間頻率區塊編碼解碼及組合單元236及一頻道解碼器238。快速富利葉轉換單元232係轉換時域中之被接收信號為頻域中之信號。空間頻率區塊編碼 解碼及組合單元236係解碼及組合被接收自次載波群組/固有波束之符號，並使用先前星羅尺寸知識將其從並聯轉換至串聯。符號係使用最大比率組合來組合。頻道解碼器238係解碼該被組合符號並產生頻道品質指標。
功率負載第一實施例係被解釋如後。空間處理係為空間頻率區塊編碼及固有波束成形之組合。此係被執行來給予空間頻率區塊編碼承受之冗餘增益及固有波束成形器所提供之空間多工間之最佳妥協。功率負載方案係跨越頻道矩陣固有模式來操作。然而，空間頻率區塊編碼亦引進無論因編碼器內部交叉操作所引起之輸入功率負載為何，編碼器輸出均具有相同功率負載之限制。
第三圖係為描繪功率負載之傳送器110區塊圖。第三圖係描繪4×4例作為案例，而功率負載第一實施例將參考4×4例來解釋。然而，應注意，該4×4例係可被擴展為任何其他例。
針對特定次載波k，四個資料流係被映射至2對功率負載/適應性調變及編碼(AMC)模式。也就是說，各對輸入之調變順序係被選擇為相同。此稍後係被映射至固有模式配對。功率負載單元116之輸出係被施加至雙2×2空間頻率區塊編碼單元118，且接著被傳送至固有波束成形器122。固有波束成形器122係經由預處理將輸入映射至頻道之固有模式。
針對所有K次載波，頻道矩陣之固有值係已知位於傳送器。各固有模式之頻道能量係被定義如下： 其中λ i,k 係為第k次載波之頻道之第i固有值。兩信號雜訊加干擾比(SNIR)係針對兩耦合固有模式被定義如下： 其中M係為固有模式數量。也就是說，固有模式係被分組使具有最大頻道能量(或信號雜訊加干擾比)之固有模式一半係位於一組中，而具有最弱頻道能量之另一半係位於另一組中。因此，諧波信號雜訊加干擾比係代表較強及較弱固有模式之總頻道能量。頻道能量係為固有模式有多強之指標，因此被運載於這些固有模式上之信號將為。此資訊係被用來施加不同適應性調變及編碼及/不同功率負載給隨後被更詳細解釋之各半。被耦合信號雜訊加干擾比之分離係被定義如下：△β=βmod1-βmod2
封閉迴路操作期間，傳送器110係具有其可擷取固有值及預處理矩陣自之目前頻道狀態資訊之知識。傳送器110亦從該頻道狀態資訊推論可被支援於鏈結，Rb中之資料速率。接著，給定，可接受之頻道狀態資訊之功率負載係為可每正交分頻多工符號被傳送之位元數即將被各模式使用之調變類型間之最佳化。
如上述，使用被計算用於固有模式i之頻道能量，可被支援頻道狀況之最大位元速率係被決定。因此，使用上述模 式獨立計算，係可決定位元速率如何必須被分配於兩對模式之間。第四圖係為功率負載例及兩對模式間之適應性調變及編碼映射圖示。此例中，特定次載波可被支援之位元速率係為每正交分頻多工符號24位元。滿足該位元速率之最低調變順序係被找出於第四圖中虛線箭頭標示者。此例中，第一及第二模式(第一配對被耦合模式)將使用16正交振幅調變(QAM)，而第四模式(第二配對被耦合模式)將使用256正交振幅調變。
注意，此映射係被說明用於可接受一頻道品質指標及用於一次載波。替代多輸入多輸出配置例中，如2×4，2×2等，除了表入口中之位元總數被向下繪製代表傳送能力且功率負載可被達成於一單對模式之外，相同功率負載方案係可接受。
依據第二實施例之功率負載方案係被解釋如下。每次載波之固有值(λ1(k)>λ2(k)>...>λnT(k))係被排序，而固有波束(E1，E2，…，EnT)係藉由針對所有次載波分組該相同排序固有值來創造如下：Ei={λ1(1)，λ2(2)...，λi(k)}，i=1,2,...,nT，其中，K為次載波數，nT為傳送天線數，而λi(j)為j次載波之頻道之第i固有值。NT為偶數。
每固有波束之固有值平均係被計算如下：
固有波束係被配對來創造Almouti空間頻率編碼，如 {E1，E2}1，{E3，E4}2，...，{E2i-1，E2i}i...{EnT-1，EnT}nT/2。然而，若一對信號雜訊比大於SNRmax，則該對第二固有波形係被具有次低固有值平均之固有波束取代，直到其信號雜訊比小於或等於SNRmin為止。
其中為雜訊變異，SNRmin為服務品質所需最高資料速率之最小所需信號雜訊比。此步驟係被重複直到所有固有波束均被配對為止。第五圖顯示功率/位元負載之次載波群組配對例。
各對固有波束之資料速率係藉由針對給定品質映射一對信號雜訊比至該資料速率來決定。所需信號雜訊比可被調整用於所有固有波束配對以補償測量誤差並使總傳送功率為固定。
每次載波之每對固有波束之加權向量可被計算如下： 其中，i為第i對固有波束，而j為第j次載波。
除了第一或第二實施例之外，依據第三實施例，另一功率負載係針對弱固有模式被施加跨越次載波或次載波群組。也就是說，除了被施加至所有固有模式之功率負載之外，其亦可僅被施加至較弱者，因此可從功率負載獲利最多。該例中，這些不被功率負載之固有模式仍可具有空間頻率區塊編碼或可具有不同適應性調變及編碼個別設定，而被功率負載之這些固有模式係共享相同適應性調變及編碼設 定。同時，頻道之固有模式永遠被從最強至最弱排序功率。藉由配對類似功率之固有模式，吾人可改善頻道之功率負載。
空間處理方案係可配置至任何接收及傳送天線組合。視各側之天線數，空間頻率區塊編碼及固有波束成形選擇組合係被使用。下表係摘錄所支援之各種配置即可應用至各情況之空間處理及功率負載。
雖然本發明之特性及元件被以特定組合說明於較佳實施例中，但各特性及元件可被單獨使用而不需較佳實施例之其他特性及元件，或有或無本發明其他特性及元件之各種組合中。再者，本發明可被實施於任何類型無線通信系統中。
100‧‧‧實施封閉迴路模式之正交分頻多工-多輸入多輸出系統
110、210‧‧‧傳送器
130、230‧‧‧接收器
200‧‧‧實施開放迴路模式之正交分頻多工-多輸入多輸出系統
第1圖係為實施封閉迴路模式之正交分頻多工-多輸入多輸出系統區塊圖。
第2圖係為實施開放迴路之系統區塊圖。
第3圖係為描繪功率負載之傳送器區塊圖。
第4圖係為功率負載例及兩對模式間之適應性調變及編碼映射圖示。
第5圖顯示功率/位元負載之次載波群組配對例。
100‧‧‧實施封閉迴路模式之正交分頻多工-多輸入多輸出系統
110‧‧‧傳送器
130‧‧‧接收器

Claims (25)

  1. 一種用於在一正交分頻多工(OFDM)無線通訊系統中實施空間頻率區塊編碼(SFBC)的無線傳輸/接收單元(WTRU)，該WTRU包括：一處理器，被配置以：發送一頻道品質資訊(CQI)，其中該CQI在OFDM次載波基底的每一群組上發送；以及接收一OFDM訊號，其中該OFDM訊號包括在一開放迴路模式中經SFBC編碼的一頻道編碼資料流，其中該頻道編碼資料流是基於被發送的該CQI而產生，以及其中所述SFBC編碼係使用複數對OFDM次載波來執行，以及其中使用一OFDM符號的一對OFDM次載波而經SFBC編碼的該頻道編碼資料流之一部分相對於使用該OFDM符號的其他對OFDM次載波而經SFBC編碼的該頻道編碼資料流之另一部分是獨立地經SFBC編碼。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之無線傳輸/接收單元(WTRU)，其中在該開放迴路模式操作時，頻道狀態資訊(CSI)不會被發送。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項之無線傳輸/接收單元(WTRU)，其中使用一對OFDM次載波而經SFBC編碼的該頻道編碼資料流的每一部分係使用一Alamouti類型SFBC碼來編碼。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項之無線傳輸/接收單元(WTRU)，其中該頻道編碼資料流係根據一編碼率以及基於被發送的該CQI的OFDM次載波基底的每一群組上的調變種類被編碼。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項之無線傳輸/接收單元(WTRU)，其中該CQI被發送至一存取點，以及其中該OFDM訊號係從該存取點被接收。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項之無線傳輸/接收單元(WTRU)，其中該CSI係用於在該傳輸器預編碼。
  7. 一種用於在一正交分頻多工(OFDM)無線通訊系統中實施空間頻率區塊編碼(SFBC)的方法，該方法包括：發送一頻道品質資訊(CQI)，其中該CQI在OFDM次載波基底的每一群組上被發送；以及接收一OFDM訊號，其中該OFDM訊號包括在一開放迴路模式中經SFBC編碼的一頻道編碼資料流，其中該頻道編碼資料流是基於被發送的該CQI而產生，以及其中所述SFBC編碼係使用複數對OFDM次載波來執行，以及其中使用一OFDM符號的一對OFDM次載波而經SFBC編碼的該頻道編碼資料流之一部分相對於使用該OFDM符號的其他對OFDM次載波而經SFBC編碼的該頻道編碼資料流之另一部分是獨立地經SFBC編碼。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第7項之方法，其中在該開放迴路模式操作時，頻道狀態資訊(CSI)不會被發送。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第7項之方法，其中使用一對OFDM次載波而經SFBC編碼的該頻道編碼資料流的每一部分係使用一Alamouti類型SFBC碼來編碼。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第7項之方法，其中該頻道編碼資料流係根據一編碼率以及基於被發送的該CQI的OFDM次載波基底的每一群組上的調變種類被編碼。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第7項之方法，其中該CQI被發送至一存取點，以及其中該OFDM訊號係從該存取點被接收。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第7項之方法，其中該方法係由一無線傳輸/接收單元(WTRU)來執行。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第7項之方法，其中該CSI係用於預編碼。
  14. 一種用於在一正交分頻多工(OFDM)無線通訊系統中實施空間頻率區塊編碼(SFBC)的傳輸器，該傳輸器包括：一電路，被配置以接收一頻道品質資訊(CQI)，該CQI在OFDM次載波基底的每一群組上被接收；其中該電路更被配置以在一開放迴路模式的一頻道編碼資料流上執行SFBC編碼，其中該頻道編碼資料流是基於已接收的該CQI而產生，以及其中所述SFBC編碼係使用複數對OFDM次載波來執行，其中使用一OFDM符號的一對OFDM次載波而以SFBC編碼的該頻道編碼資料流之一部分相對於使用該OFDM符號的其他對OFDM次載波而以SFBC編碼的該頻道編碼資料流之另一部分是獨立地以SFBC編碼；以及其中該電路更被配置以在該複數對OFDM次載波上使用複數個傳輸天線傳輸SFBC編碼的資料流以做為一OFDM訊號。
  15. 如申請專利範圍第14項的傳輸器，其中當在該開放迴路狀態操作時，頻道狀態資訊(CSI)沒有藉由接收該OFDM符號的一接收裝置被提供到該傳輸器。
  16. 如申請專利範圍第14項的傳輸器，其中使用一對OFDM次載波而經SFBC編碼的該頻道編碼資料流的每一部分係 使用一Alamouti類型SFBC碼來編碼。
  17. 如申請專利範圍第14項的傳輸器，其中該電路更被配置以選擇一編碼率以及基於被接收的該CQI的OFDM次載波基底的每一群組上的用於該頻道編碼資料流的調變種類。
  18. 如申請專利範圍第14項的傳輸器，其中該傳輸器是一基地台。
  19. 如申請專利範圍第14項的傳輸器，其中該CSI係用於在該傳輸器預編碼。
  20. 一種用於在一正交分頻多工(OFDM)無線通訊系統中實施空間頻率區塊編碼(SFBC)的方法，該方法包括：接收一頻道品質資訊(CQI)，其中該CQI在OFDM次載波基底的每一群組上被接收；在一開放迴路模式的一頻道編碼資料流執行SFBC編碼，其中該頻道編碼資料流是基於所接收的CQI而產生，以及其中所述SFBC編碼係使用複數對OFDM次載波來執行，其中使用一OFDM符號的一對OFDM次載波而經SFBC編碼的該頻道編碼資料流之一部分相對於使用該OFDM符號的其他對OFDM次載波而經SFBC編碼的該頻道編碼資料流之另一部分是獨立地經SFBC編碼；以及使用複數個傳輸天線在該複數對OFDM次載波上傳輸SFBC編碼資料流以做為一OFDM訊號。
  21. 如申請專利範圍第20項之方法，其中當在該開放迴路模式操作時，頻道狀態資訊(CSI)沒有藉由接收該OFDM符號的一接收裝置被提供。
  22. 如申請專利範圍第20項之方法，其中使用一對OFDM次載波而經SFBC編碼的該頻道編碼資料流的每一部分係使用一Alamouti類型SFBC碼來編碼。
  23. 如申請專利範圍第20項之方法，更包括：選擇一編碼率以及基於被接收的該CQI的OFDM次載波基底的每一群組上用於該頻道編碼資訊流的調變種類。
  24. 如申請專利範圍第20項之方法，其中該方法係藉由一基地台以執行。
  25. 如申請專利範圍第20項之方法，其中該CSI係用於預編碼。
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