TWI491733B - 含雌馬酚（ｅｑｕｏｌ）之大豆胚軸發酵物及其製造方法（一） - Google Patents
含雌馬酚（ｅｑｕｏｌ）之大豆胚軸發酵物及其製造方法（一） Download PDFInfo
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- TWI491733B TWI491733B TW102115070A TW102115070A TWI491733B TW I491733 B TWI491733 B TW I491733B TW 102115070 A TW102115070 A TW 102115070A TW 102115070 A TW102115070 A TW 102115070A TW I491733 B TWI491733 B TW I491733B
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- soybean hypocotyl
- soybean
- equol
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- fermentation
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Description
本發明係有關一種含雌馬酚之大豆胚軸發酵物及其製造方法。
大豆中所含有之異黃酮【大豆異黃酮；大豆黃酮(Daidzein，亦稱大豆甙元)；染料木黃酮(Genistein，亦稱染料木素)、黃豆黃素(Glycitein，亦稱豆黃素)】類似於雌二醇之構造，且隨著結合動情素受體(Estrogen Receptor，以下以ER表示)而具有抗動情素作用及動情素樣作用。目前為止，從大豆異黃酮之疫學研究或參與研究，暗示了對於因抗動情素作用引起之乳癌、攝護腺癌等激素依存性癌具有預防效果，或因動情素樣作用引起之更年期障礙、閉經後之骨質疏鬆症、高脂血症等具有改善效果。
近年來，指出該大豆異黃酮之生理作用的活性本體，可能係大豆黃酮代謝物之雌馬酚。即，曾有報告指出雌馬酚與ER之結合能(特別與ERβ之結合)比大豆異黃酮強，對於乳房或攝護腺組織等標的臟器之移行性顯著地高。另，曾有報告指出病患-對照研究中，在乳癌、攝護腺癌病患中，雌馬酚產生者有意義的少。亦有報告指出大豆異黃酮對於閉經後之骨質密度、脂質代謝之改善效果，以雌馬酚產生者與非產生者分別解析，則對雌馬酚產生者顯示有意義的改善。
雌馬酚可由大豆黃酮經腸內細菌之代謝而產生，不過雌馬酚產生能因個人差異而不同，報告指出日本人的雌馬酚產生者之比例約為50%。即，日本人約有50%無法產生雌馬酚的人(雌馬酚非產生者)，關於這一類的人，雖攝取大豆或大豆加工食品，亦無法享受基於雌馬酚作用之有用生理效
果。因而認為雌馬酚非產生者，如要使其顯示基於雌馬酚作用之有用生理效果，以攝取雌馬酚本體才是有效的。
雌馬酚習知之製造方法，已知是以可將大豆黃酮同化(assimilate)而產生雌馬酚之微生物(以下以雌馬酚產生菌表示)，對含大豆黃酮之原料作發酵處理的方法。該製造方法中所使用之含大豆黃酮之原料，已知有大豆、葛根湯、紅花苜宿(Red clover)、苜宿草等。另，關於雌馬酚產生菌亦已有公認者，例如，由本發明人等從人糞所分離之擬桿菌屬E-23-15(FERM BP-6435號)、鏈球菌屬E-23-17(FERM BP-6436號)、鏈球菌屬A6G225(FERM BP-6437號)及乳球菌屬20-92(FERM BP-10036號)(參照專利文獻1及2)。
但是，單獨對於含有前述之大豆黃酮類之原料，雖使用雌馬酚產生菌作發酵處理，但所得發酵物中之雌馬酚量並不豐富，而雖直接攝取該發酵物，則有基於雌馬酚作用所期望之有用效果，無法充分獲得之問題點。
另一方面，已知於大豆胚軸部分，與用為大豆加工食品之子葉部分比較，含有高比例之異黃酮或皂素等有用成分，有關該萃取物己有種種用途之開發(例如專利文獻3)。但是，大豆胚軸萃取物其本身有成本高之缺點。另，大豆胚軸萃取物作為雌馬酚之製造原料時，由於為藉由雌馬酚產生菌之發酵，而有必需添加其他營養素之問題點。從此類的理由，以大豆胚軸萃取物於工業上製造雌馬酚而言，目前的情形是無法作為原料使用。
另一方面，大豆胚軸本身具特有之苦味，故有避免直接使用其主體之傾向，故現今之狀況係大部分的大豆胚軸是被廢棄的。又，大豆胚軸中與大豆的子葉部分同樣含有過敏原，故對大豆具過敏性者，無法攝取乃至無法投與大豆胚軸。因此，如要有效利用大豆胚軸，需使大豆胚軸本體更具有附加價值，以提高其有用性才是重要的課題。
國際公開第99/007392號文獻
國際公開第2005/000042號文獻
特開2002-234844號公報
本發明之目的在於提供一種含有雌馬酚，用以作為食品素材、醫藥品素材、或化妝品素材等之大豆胚軸發酵物。另，本發明之目的在於提供一種含雌馬酚之大豆胚軸發酵物之製造方法。
本發明人等就前述課題專心檢討之結果，發現以具有將大豆黃酮類同化而產生雌馬酚之能力的微生物，使大豆胚軸發酵，則可以高效率生成雌馬酚，並獲得含雌馬酚之大豆胚軸發酵物。另，發現如此地獲得的含雌馬酚之大豆胚軸發酵物中，含於大豆胚軸中之過敏原減低，故亦可用以作為低過敏原素材。本發明係基於該等之知識，經一再改良所完成者。
即，本發明係提供下列有關發明含雌馬酚之大豆胚軸發酵物及其利用：
第1項.一種含雌馬酚之大豆胚軸發酵物，係以維生物使大豆胚軸發酵所得者，且該微生物具有將選自於由大豆黃酮配糖體、大豆黃酮及二氫大豆黃酮等所構成之群至少一種之大豆黃酮類同化而產生雌馬酚的能力。
第2項.如第1項之大豆胚軸發酵物，其中前述微生物係屬於乳球菌屬之乳酸菌。
第3項.如第1項之大豆胚軸發酵物，其中前述微生物係格氏乳球菌( Lactococcus garvieae
)。
第4項.如第1項之大豆胚軸發酵物，其中每大豆胚軸發酵物之乾燥重量，含有0.1~20重量%之雌馬酚。
第5項.如第1項之大豆胚軸發酵物，其更含有大豆異黃酮類、染料木苷類、染料木黃酮類、黃豆黃苷類及大豆黃素類。
第6項.如第1項之大豆胚軸發酵物，其更含有烏胺酸。
第7項.一種食品係含有如第1項之大豆胚軸發物者。
第8項.如第7項之食品，其係營養輔助食品。
第9項.如第7項之食品，其中食品每100g含有0.1~90g之前述大豆胚軸發酵物。
第10項.一種醫藥製劑，係含有如第1項之大豆胚軸發酵物者。
第11項.如第10項之醫藥製劑，其係更年期障礙、骨質疏鬆症、攝護腺肥大或代謝症候群之預防或治療劑。
第12項.如第10項之醫藥製劑，其係血中膽固醇值之降低劑。
第13項.一種如第1項之大豆胚軸發酵物之用途，係用以製造更年期障礙、骨質疏鬆症、攝護腺肥大或代謝症候群之預防或治療劑者。
第14項.一種如第1項之大豆胚軸發酵物之用途，係用以製造血中膽固醇值之降低劑者。
第15項.一種更年期障礙之治療方法，係對於更年期障礙之病患，投與有效量之如第1項之大豆胚軸發酵物。
第16項.一種血中膽固醇值之降低方法，係對於需要降低血中膽固醇之病患，投與有效量之如第1項之大豆胚軸發酵物。
第17項.一種化妝品，係含有如第1項之大豆胚軸發酵物者。
第18項.如第17項之化妝品，其中化妝品每100g含有0.1~10g之前述大豆胚軸發酵物。
第19項.一種含雌馬酚之大豆胚軸發酵物之製造方法，係以具有將選自於由大豆黃酮配糖體、大豆黃酮及二氫大豆黃酮等所構成之群至少一種大豆黃酮類同化而產生雌馬酚之能力的微生物將大豆胚軸作發酵處理者。
本發明之大豆胚軸發酵物，係由於含有雌馬酚與雌馬酚以外之異黃酮或皂素等之有用成分，故於食品、醫藥品、化妝品之領域具有利用價值。特別是本發明之大豆胚軸發酵物，與大豆、葛根湯、紅花苜宿、苜宿草等之含有大豆黃酮原料所發酵者比較，雌馬酚之生成量特別多，可更良好地顯示基於雌馬酚之有用生理效果。
再者，本發明之大豆胚軸發酵物，由於大豆胚軸所含之過敏原減少，故作為低過敏性素材，對於大豆過敏之人，具有安全攝取乃至適用之優點。另，本發明之大豆胚軸發酵物，係以大豆之食品加工時廢棄之大豆胚軸作為原料，從有效利用資源之點而言，在產業上之利用價值高。
第1圖係顯示於實施例1-3所得發酵液中之雌馬酚濃度之圖。
第2圖係顯示於實施例1所得大豆胚軸發酵物、大豆子葉及大豆胚軸所含之總蛋白質檢驗結果(電泳圖)之圖。
第3圖係顯示於實施例1所得大豆胚軸發酵物、大豆子葉及大豆胚軸所含之主要過敏原(Gym4、Gm30K、Gm28K)檢驗結果(電泳圖)之圖。
第4圖係顯示於實施例1所得大豆胚軸發酵物、大豆子葉及大豆胚軸所含之主要過敏原【7S球蛋白混合物、油體蛋白、胰蛋白酶抑制物質(Trypsin inhibitor)】檢驗結果(電泳圖)之圖。
以下，就本發明具體化之實施形態詳細說明之。
本發明中之雌馬酚產生菌，係使用具有雌馬酚產生能力(代謝活性)之微生物，將選自於由大豆黃酮配糖體、大豆黃酮及二氫大豆黃酮所構成之群至少一種之大豆黃酮類同化者。大豆黃酮配糖體具體可舉例如大豆異黃酮、丙二醯基大豆異黃酮、乙醯基大豆異黃酮等。
前述微生物(雌馬酚產生菌)，在食品衛生上容許且具前述能力之範圍者，雖不受限制，例如已知有格氏乳球菌等屬於乳球菌屬之微生物；中間鏈球菌(Streptococcus intermedius
)、星座鏈球菌(Streptococcus constellatus
)等屬於鏈球菌之微生物；卵形擬桿菌(Bacteroides ovatus
)等屬於擬桿菌屬之微生物中具有前述能力之微生物存在。雌馬酚產生菌之中，可舉例如以乳球菌屬及鏈球菌屬等之乳酸菌為佳，而以屬於乳球菌屬之乳酸菌較佳，特佳是格氏乳球菌。具有前述能力之微生物，例如，可用人糞中有無雌馬酚之產生能作為指標來分離。關於前述雌馬酚產生菌，根據本發明人等從人糞便中分離同定之菌，即乳球菌20-92(FERM BP-10036號)、鏈球菌E-23-17(FERM BP-6436號)、鏈球菌A6G225(FERMBP-6437號)及擬桿菌E-23-15(FERM BP-6435號)已被寄存登錄，本發明中可使用該等寄存登錄菌。該等寄存登錄菌之中亦以乳球菌20-92適於使用。
本發明中，發酵原料係使用大豆胚軸。大豆胚軸已知是大豆發芽時之幼芽、幼根之部分，富含有大豆黃酮配糖體或大豆黃酮等之大豆黃酮類。
本發明所使用之大豆胚軸，係以含有之大豆黃酮類未消失作為限度，對於大豆之產地或加工之有無並未加以限制。例如，生鮮狀態者；從供作加熱處理、乾燥處理、蒸煮處理等之大豆所分離者；從未加工處理的大豆分離之胚軸，供作乾燥處理或蒸煮處理者等之任何均可。另，本發明所使用之大豆胚軸，供作脫脂處理或脫蛋白處理者亦可。另，關於本發明所使用之大豆胚軸之形狀，未特予限制，即粉末狀，粉碎或破碎者均可。從雌馬酚有效地生成之觀點而言，所寄望的是使用粉末狀之大豆胚軸。
大豆胚軸之發酵處理係將適量的水添加於大豆胚軸以調整水分含量，其中接種前述雌馬酚產生菌以進行發酵。
大豆胚軸所添加之水量，係因應所使用之雌馬酚產生菌之種類，或發酵槽之種類等而作適宜之設定。通常，在發酵開始時，大豆胚軸與水根據以下之比例共存即可：相對於大豆胚軸(以乾燥重量換算)100重量份，水為400~4000重量份，而以500~2000重量份為佳，更佳為600~1000重量份。
再者，大豆胚軸之發酵時，因應需要以促進發酵效率或提高發酵物之風味為目的，亦可添加酵母萃、多蛋白(Polypeptone)、牛肉萃等之氮源；葡萄糖、蔗糖等之碳源；磷酸鹽、碳酸鹽、硫酸鹽等之無機鹽；維他命類、胺基酸等之營養成分。特別是雌馬酚產生菌，以具有變換精胺酸為烏胺酸能力之雌馬酚產生菌(以下以「烏胺酸‧雌馬酚產生菌」表示)使用時，由於大豆胚軸添加精胺酸進行發酵，可使所得之發酵物中含有烏胺酸。在此情形下，關於精胺酸之添加量，例如，相對於大豆胚軸(以乾燥重量換算)100重量份，添加精胺酸約為0.5~3重量份可作為例示。另，具有變換精胺酸為烏胺酸能力之雌馬酚產生菌，具體而言，可從格氏乳球菌中選擇，而具體者可舉例如乳球菌20-92(FERM BP-10036號)。
再者，關於所使用之發酵原料(大豆胚軸含有物)之pH，以雌馬酚產生菌可發育之範圍雖未特予限制，從雌馬酚產生菌增殖良好之觀點言，發酵原料之pH約為6~7，寄望的是約調整為6.3~6.8為佳。
再者，所使用之發酵原料(大豆胚軸含有物)中，亦可再添加含有前述大豆黃酮類之異黃酮。由於如此將異黃酮另外添加於發酵原料，所得之大豆胚軸發酵物中之雌馬酚含量更可提高，其有用性更可提高。
大豆胚軸之發酵係因應所使用之雌馬酚產生菌發育特性之環境條件下實施。例如，如以前述所具體列舉之雌馬酚產生菌使用時，大豆胚軸之發酵須在厭氣性條件下進行。
再者，關於發酵溫度以雌馬酚產生菌發育良好之條件下者均可，可舉例如20~40℃，而以35~40℃為佳，更佳為36~38℃。
關於發酵時間，因應雌馬酚之生成量、大豆黃酮類之殘存量，雌馬酚產生菌之種類等雖可適當設定，通常可設定為1~10天，而以2~7天為佳，更佳為3~5天。
在前述之條件發酵處理所得之大豆胚軸發酵物中，有雌馬酚生成、蓄積，故可發現雌馬酚之有用生理作用。關於大豆胚軸發酵物中之雌馬酚含量，雖依雌馬酚產生菌或發酵條件而異，通常每大豆胚軸發酵物之乾燥重量(大豆胚軸發酵物之乾燥重量為1g時)，含有雌馬酚為1~20mg，而以2~12mg為佳，更佳為5~8mg。
大豆胚軸發酵物中除雌馬酚外，亦含有大豆異黃酮、丙二醯基大豆異黃酮、乙醯基大豆異黃酮、大豆黃酮、二氫大豆黃酮等之大豆黃酮類(以下該等成分以「大豆黃酮類」表示)；染料木苷、丙二醯基染料木苷、乙醯基染料木苷、染料木黃酮、二氫染料木黃酮等之染料木黃酮類(以下該等成分以「染料木黃酮類」表示)；黃豆黃苷(Glycitin)、丙二醯基黃豆黃苷、乙醯基黃豆黃苷、黃豆黃素、二氫黃豆黃素等黃豆黃素(以下該等成分以「黃豆黃素類」表示)等各種之異黃酮，而該等之異黃酮之有用生理活性亦可發現。關於大豆胚軸發酵物中之異黃酮(含有雌馬酚)含量，可例示如大豆胚軸發酵物之乾燥重量每1g，含有異黃酮為5~20mg，而以5~15mg為佳，更佳者約為8~15mg。
再者，關於大豆胚軸發酵物，除有雌馬酚外的異黃酮組成之點，亦有異於大豆胚軸所含的異黃酮之組成。特別是大豆胚軸發酵物中，對於被認為成為內分泌干擾物質而作用之染料木黃酮類之總量比例，則以每大豆胚軸發酵物之異黃酮之總量，宜為15重量%以下，更佳為低到12重量%以下，從異黃酮之組成的觀點言，比發酵前之大豆胚軸有利。
大豆胚軸發酵物可具體的例示以下的異黃酮之組成者【以下之單位
「mg」係表示大豆胚軸發酵物每1g(乾燥重量)的各異黃酮之總量】：雌馬酚：1~20mg，以2~12mg為佳
大豆黃酮類：0.1~30mg，以0.1~1.5mg為佳
染料木黃酮類：0.05~2.5mg，以0.05~2mg為佳
黃豆黃素類：0.1~4mg，以2~3.5mg為佳。
再者，大豆胚軸發酵物中所含之各異黃酮之組成比例，有以下所示之範圍之例示(以下單位「重量%」係表示相對於大豆胚軸發酵物中所含之全異黃酮總量之比例)：
雌馬酚：30~75重量%，以40~70重量%為佳，更佳為45~70重量%
大豆黃酮類：1~20重量%，以2~15重量%為佳，更佳為4~12重量%
染料木黃酮類：0.1~20重量%，以1~15重量%為佳，更佳為1~10重量%
黃豆黃素類：10~50重量%，以15~35重量%為佳，更佳為25~35重量%。
本發明之大豆胚軸發酵物，由於含有習知的技術無法實現之組成之異黃酮，從其他的觀點言，換句說係具有前述異黃酮組成之含有異黃酮物質亦可。
製造具有前述樣組成之異黃酮之大豆胚軸發酵物中，作為雌馬酚產生菌使用時，則以乳球菌20-92(FERM BP-10036號)特佳。
再者，由於大豆胚軸發酵物中具有大豆胚軸由來之皂素，故亦可獲得基於皂素作用之有用生理作用(例如抗病毒活性等)。大豆胚軸發酵物中之皂素，以大豆胚軸發酵物之乾燥重量每1g含有皂素為10~80mg，而以20~50mg為佳，更佳為30~40mg。
再者，如同前述，以烏胺酸‧雌馬酚產生菌，且將添加有精胺酸添之大豆胚軸發酵，所得之大豆胚軸發酵物中含有烏胺酸。此類大豆胚軸發酵物所含之烏胺酸含量，具體而言，可舉例如大豆胚軸發酵物之乾燥重量每1g含有烏胺酸為5~2mg，而以8~15mg為佳，更佳者約為9~12mg。
以前述的條件發酵處理所得之大豆胚軸發酵物，就以發酵後之狀態原狀、食品、醫藥品、化妝品等之素材亦可使用；另，因應需要供為乾燥處
理成乾燥固形物而作為前述之素材使用亦可。為要提高大豆胚軸發酵物之保存穩定性，期望的是以加熱乾燥處理作成為固形狀。另，加熱乾燥處理之大豆胚軸發酵物，因應需要供為粉末化處理作成為粉末狀亦可。
如同前述，由於本發明之大豆胚軸發酵物係以雌馬酚為首，另含有種種的有用生理活性物質，故可發現種種之生理活性或藥理活性。例如，本發明之大豆胚軸發酵物，對於更年期障礙、骨質疏鬆症、攝護腺肥大、代謝症候群等之疾病或症狀之預防乃至改善、血中膽固醇值之降低、美白、面皰改善、整腸、肥胖改善、利尿等有用。其中，本發明之大豆胚軸發酵物，特別對於隨著中高年婦女之不定期自訴症狀乃至閉經引起之症狀(例如，骨質疏鬆症、更年期障礙等)之預防乃至改善有用。另，對於含有精胺酸之發酵原料，以烏胺酸‧雌馬酚產生菌發酵所得之大豆胚軸發酵物中，由於亦有烏胺酸生成、蓄積，根據該大豆胚軸發酵物，由於基於烏胺酸之有用生理作用，亦可獲得肝機能改善、成長激素分泌促進、免疫激活、肌量增大、基礎代謝能之改善。
本發明之大豆胚軸發酵物作為食品素材使用時，該大豆胚軸發酵物，例如可調製成飲料、顆粒、細粒、膠囊、錠劑、粉末、乳製品、樹膠、樹膠質(gummy)、布丁、條狀、其他固形食品等之形態。含有該等之大豆胚軸發酵物之食品，具有雌馬酚之有用生理活性外，尚有其他之異黃酮或皂素等之生理活性，故有用性高且保健效果優越。另，對於含有精胺酸之發酵原料，以烏胺酸‧雌馬酚產生菌發酵所得之大豆胚軸發酵物供為使用時，由於亦可使食品中含有烏胺酸，故作為食品之有用性更能提高。
含有本發明之大豆胚軸發酵物之食品，作為一般的食品外，可作為特定保健食品、營養輔助食品、機能性食品、病患用食品等。特別是含有本發明之大豆胚軸發酵物，作為營養輔助食品是有用的。
關於含有本發明之大豆胚軸發酵物之食品中，該食品中之該大豆胚軸發酵物之配合比例，因應該食品之種類、雌馬酚之含量、攝取對象者之年齡或性別，寄望的效果等，可適當地設定。舉其中一例，相對於前述食品100g，含有大豆胚軸發酵物(以乾燥重量換算)總量為0.1~90g，而以0.1~10g為佳，更佳為0.5~2g之比例。
關於含有大豆胚軸發酵物之食品之每天攝取量，雖依大豆胚軸發酵物中之雌馬酚含量、攝取者之年齡或體重、攝取次數等而異，例如，可舉例如成人每天的攝取量為相當於大豆胚軸發酵物0.1~10g之量。
再者，本發明之大豆胚軸發酵物作為醫藥品素材使用時，該大豆胚軸發酵物調製成錠劑、丸劑、散劑、液劑、懸浮劑、乳劑、顆粒劑、膠囊劑、痤劑等形態之醫藥製劑。含有本發明之大豆胚軸發酵物之醫藥製劑，作為更年期障礙(更年期不定期自訴症狀、骨質疏鬆症、高脂血症)、骨質疏鬆症、攝護腺肥大、代謝症候群等之疾病或症狀的預防乃至改善劑、血中膽固醇值之降低劑、整腸劑、肥胖改善劑、利尿劑等有用。特別是含有大豆胚軸發酵物之醫藥製劑，適用於隨著中高年女性之不定期自訴症狀乃至閉經引起之症狀(例如骨質疏鬆症、更年期障礙等)之預防或治療。
關於含有大豆胚軸發酵物之醫藥製劑之投與量，依大豆胚軸發酵物中之雌馬酚含量、投與對象者之年齡或體重、症狀、投與次數等而異，雖無法統一規定，例如，可舉例如成人每天之投與量，相當於以大豆胚軸發酵物換算成乾燥重量為0.5~6g之量。
再者，本發明之大豆胚軸發酵物作為化妝品素材使用時，該大豆胚軸發酵物調製成膏狀、慕絲狀、凝膠狀、液狀、乳液狀、懸浮液狀、乳膏狀、軟膏狀、片狀等各種期望之形態之化妝品。該等之化妝品作為乳液、乳膏、化妝水、油及面膜等之基礎化妝品；洗臉液、清潔液、身體洗淨液等之洗淨液；清拭液；清淨液等之各種化妝品料是有用的。含有本發明之大豆胚軸發酵物之化妝品，作為美白化妝品或面皰改善用化妝品使用。
關於含有本發明之大豆胚軸發酵物之化妝品，該化妝品中之該大豆胚軸發酵物之配合比例，因應該化妝品之種類、雌馬酚含量等可適宜設定。其中一例，可舉例如相對於前述化妝品100g，含有大豆胚軸發酵物(以乾燥重量換算)總量為0.1~10g，而以成為0.5~5g之比例為佳。
以下，本發明雖以試驗例、實施例等為基礎詳細說明，但本發明不受該等之限制者。
為要成為第1表所示之組成，將粉末狀大豆胚軸、精胺酸及水混合調製大豆胚軸溶液(原料)。在該大豆胚軸溶液5ml中，接種乳球菌20-92株(FERM BP-10036號)，在厭氣性條件下，37℃靜置培養96小時。培養後所得發酵液(培養液)於100℃、1分鐘的條件下加熱殺菌後，於80℃條件下乾燥處理，再以均質器粉末化處理而獲得粉末狀之大豆胚軸發酵物。
第1圖中顯示96小時培養後的培養液中之雌馬酚濃度。同時，第1圖中顯示96小時培養後的培養液中之生菌數及pH、粉末狀大豆胚軸發酵物之取得量及粉末狀大豆胚軸發酵物中之雌馬酚濃度。從該結果確認以雌馬酚產生菌發酵粉末狀大豆胚軸，雌馬酚可高效率地生成。
含有粉末狀大豆胚軸10重量%及L-精胺酸0.1重量%之大豆胚軸溶液5ml中，接種乳球菌20-92株(FERM BP-10036號)，在厭氣性條件下，37℃靜置培養96小時進行發酵處理。培養後所得發酵液(培養液)於100℃、1分鐘的條件下加熱殺菌後，於80℃條件下乾燥處理，再以均質器粉末化處理
而獲得粉末狀大豆胚軸發酵物。
原料所使用之粉末狀大豆胚軸(第2及3表中，以發酵前表示之)及所得粉末狀大豆胚軸發酵物(第2及3表中，以發酵後表示之)之含有成分進行分析。大豆異黃酮類之分析結果及營養成分之分析結果，分別顯示於第2表及第3表。從該結果亦確認由於乳球菌20-92株發酵大豆胚軸，可製造含有高含量之雌馬酚之大豆胚軸發酵物。另，棉子糖或水蘇糖等之寡糖，雌馬酚含量於發酵前後約略相同，顯示幾乎不受發酵之影響。另一方面，關於精胺酸確認經由發酵處理可轉換成烏胺酸。因此，由於大豆胚軸中添加精胺酸而由乳球菌20-92株發酵處理，顯示不僅是雌馬酚亦可生成烏胺酸。
使用異於前述實施例3之7批粉末狀大豆胚軸之外，與前述實施例3相同之條件下，製造粉末狀大豆胚軸發酵物(實施例5-11)。所得大豆胚軸發酵物所含之異黃酮之組成進行分析。結果顯示於第4表。從該結果確認實施例5-11之大豆胚軸發酵物中，雌馬酚含量高且含有習知的技術無法實現之組成之異黃酮。
表中上段之數值係表示大豆胚軸發酵物每1g之各異黃酮之含量(mg)，下段之數值係表示相對於大豆胚軸發酵物中所含之異黃酮總量(100重量%)，各異黃酮之比例(重量%)。
使用與前述實施例3之不同批的粉末狀大豆胚軸之外，與前述實施例3相同之條件下，製造粉末狀大豆胚軸發酵物。所得大豆胚軸發酵物中每1g含有雌馬酚6.5mg、大豆黃酮類0.6mg、染料木黃酮類0.6mg、黃豆黃素類3.2mg。另，該大豆胚軸發酵物中，每異黃酮含量之總量，配醣基(Aglycone)佔有90重量%以上。
以如前述方法所得之大豆胚軸發酵物，製造下述組成之錠劑(每錠重量2.51g，每錠含有雌馬酚10.9mg)。
以前述實施例12之大豆胚軸發酵物，製造下述組成之顆粒。
以前述實施例1之大豆胚軸發酵物，調製下述組成之化妝品。
以前述實施例1之大豆胚軸發酵物，調製下述組成之化妝品。
大豆胚軸中已知含有Gym4、Gm30K、Gm28K、7S球蛋白混合物(β-伴大豆球蛋白(β-conglycinin))、油體蛋白、胰蛋白酶抑制物質等之過敏原。因此，在前述實施例所製造之大豆胚軸發酵物中，是否存有過敏原，依下
述之試驗判定之。
首先，實施例1得到之大豆胚軸發酵物之適當量，添加於萃取緩衝溶液(含有Tris HCl pH7.5 1M EDTA，含有適量之蛋白質分解酶抑制物質)，充分攪拌、萃取水溶性成分。其次，經由過濾除去固體成分獲得萃取液。如此得到之萃取液中所含之總蛋白質，以Biorad公司製之蛋白質分析系統(Protein assay system)檢驗。再將得到之萃取液中含有之主要過敏原(Gym4、Gm30K、Gm28K、7S球蛋白混合物、油體蛋白、胰蛋白酶抑制物質)，亦以Western Blot Detection System檢驗。另，作為比較，以大豆子葉粉末及大豆胚軸粉末替代大豆胚軸發酵物，依同樣的方法進行檢驗總蛋白質及過敏原。
結果分別顯示於第2~4圖，即第2圖係總蛋白質之檢驗結果；第3圖係Gym4、Gm30K及Gm28K之檢驗結果；第4圖係7S球蛋白混合物、油體蛋白及胰蛋白酶抑制物質之檢驗結果。
從該結果確認大豆胚軸發酵物中，大豆或大豆胚軸所含之主要過敏原已有減低。
Claims (7)
- 一種大豆胚軸發酵物，以每1g大豆胚軸發酵物之乾燥重量計，係含有：2~12mg之雌馬酚；0.05~2.5mg之染料木黃酮類，且該染料木黃酮類係選自於由染料木苷、丙二醯基染料木苷、乙醯基染料木苷、染料木黃酮及二氫染料木黃酮所構成群組中之至少一種；以及，8~15mg之烏胺酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之大豆胚軸發酵物，其大豆胚軸中之過敏原已減少。
- 一種利用大豆胚軸發酵物之食品素材，該大豆胚軸發酵物係如申請專利範圍第1項之大豆發酵物。
- 一種利用大豆胚軸發酵物之化妝品素材，該大豆胚軸發酵物係如申請專利範圍第1項之大豆發酵物。
- 一種食品，含有如申請專利範圍第1項之大豆胚軸發酵物。
- 一種機能性食品，含有如申請專利範圍第1項之大豆胚軸發酵物。
- 一種化妝品，含有如申請專利範圍第1項之大豆胚軸發酵物。
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