TWI481605B - 作為5-羥色胺-6配位基之1-(芳基磺醯基)-4-(哌-1-基)-1h-苯并咪唑 - Google Patents
作為5-羥色胺-6配位基之1-(芳基磺醯基)-4-(哌-1-基)-1h-苯并咪唑 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI481605B TWI481605B TW098138260A TW98138260A TWI481605B TW I481605 B TWI481605 B TW I481605B TW 098138260 A TW098138260 A TW 098138260A TW 98138260 A TW98138260 A TW 98138260A TW I481605 B TWI481605 B TW I481605B
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- Prior art keywords
- benzimidazole
- alkyl
- compound
- sulfonyl
- group
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- 230000001722 neurochemical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002610 neuroimaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002547 new drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002687 nonaqueous vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N norepinephrine Natural products NCC(O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 SFLSHLFXELFNJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002748 norepinephrine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000001009 nucleus accumben Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-biphenylenemethane Natural products C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003261 o-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940049964 oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-M oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006186 oral dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003854 p-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1Cl 0.000 description 1
- 125000001037 p-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N palmitic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940014662 pantothenate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019161 pantothenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011713 pantothenic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006201 parenteral dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019371 penicillin G benzathine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 208000022821 personality disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TYZYRCHEVXXLSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylmethoxymethoxymethoxymethylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1COCOCOCC1=CC=CC=C1 TYZYRCHEVXXLSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UYWQUFXKFGHYNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylmethyl ester of formic acid Natural products O=COCC1=CC=CC=C1 UYWQUFXKFGHYNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940075930 picrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-M picrate anion Chemical compound [O-]C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960005235 piperonyl butoxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 108020001213 potassium channel Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VLYFRFHWUBBLRR-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium;sodium;carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O VLYFRFHWUBBLRR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- MWWATHDPGQKSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyne Chemical compound CC#C MWWATHDPGQKSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000004129 prosencephalon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000002637 putamen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000003248 quinolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004060 quinone imines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002287 radioligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000611 regression analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- BOLDJAUMGUJJKM-LSDHHAIUSA-N renifolin D Natural products CC(=C)[C@@H]1Cc2c(O)c(O)ccc2[C@H]1CC(=O)c3ccc(O)cc3O BOLDJAUMGUJJKM-LSDHHAIUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000003751 serotonin 6 antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007781 signaling event Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000020685 sleep-wake disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004039 social cognition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- ABBQHOQBGMUPJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;2-hydroxybenzoic acid Chemical class [Na+].OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O ABBQHOQBGMUPJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008223 sterile water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012258 stirred mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000475 sulfinyl group Chemical group [*:2]S([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000016978 synaptic transmission, cholinergic Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003419 tautomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950002757 teoclate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004213 tert-butoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(O*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- YMBCJWGVCUEGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC YMBCJWGVCUEGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHRNULOCNSKMGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran thf Chemical compound C1CCOC1.C1CCOC1 WHRNULOCNSKMGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001712 tetrahydronaphthyl group Chemical group C1(CCCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- WROMPOXWARCANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tfa trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F.OC(=O)C(F)(F)F WROMPOXWARCANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000027 toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229940066528 trichloroacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YRJOQGBNFGNRAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl-lambda3-iodane Chemical compound C(C)I(CC)CC YRJOQGBNFGNRAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihydridoboron Substances B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000281 trometamol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003673 urethanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940070710 valerate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000031836 visual learning Effects 0.000 description 1
- RYBOXBBYCVOYNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N way-181,187 Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CCN)=CN(S(=O)(=O)C=3N4C=CSC4=NC=3Cl)C2=C1 RYBOXBBYCVOYNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003936 working memory Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C07D235/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings
- C07D235/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D235/04—Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles
- C07D235/22—Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles with hetero atoms directly attached to ring nitrogen atoms
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- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/496—Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene or sparfloxacin
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- A61P25/06—Antimigraine agents
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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- A61P25/08—Antiepileptics; Anticonvulsants
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- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
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- A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
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- A61P25/20—Hypnotics; Sedatives
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Description
本發明係關於1-(芳基磺醯基)-4-(哌-1-基)-1H-苯并咪唑化合物、醫藥組合物、其製備方法、其調節5-HT6
活性之用途及治療中樞神經系統(CNS)病症之方法。
血清素(5-羥色胺)(5-HT)受體在人類及動物之許多生理及行為功能中起關鍵作用。藉助分佈於全身之各種5-HT受體調介該等功能。現已選殖出大約15種不同的人類5-HT受體亞型,其中許多在人類中具有明確作用。最近鑒定的5-HT受體亞型係5-HT6
受體,其首先於1993年自大鼠組織中選殖得到(Monsma,F. J.;Shen,Y.;Ward,R. P.;Hamblin,M. W.Molecular Pharmacology
1993,43
,320-327)且隨後自人類組織中選殖得到(Kohen,R.;Metcalf,M. A.;Khan,N.;Druck,T.;Huebner,K.;Sibley,D. R.Journal of Neurochemistry
1996,66
,47-56)。該受體係正向偶聯至腺苷酸環化酶之G蛋白偶聯受體(GPCR)(Ruat,M.,Traiffort,E.,Arrang,J-M.,Tardivel-Lacombe,L.,Diaz,L.,Leurs,R.,and Schwartz,J.-C.,Biochemical Biophysical Research Communications
1993,193
,268-276)。發現該受體在大鼠及人類二者中幾乎完全分佈於中樞神經系統(CNS)區域中。
使用mRNA的大鼠大腦之5-HT6
受體原位雜交研究顯示其主要定位於5-HT投射區域內,包括紋狀體、阿肯伯氏核(nucleus accumbens)、嗅結節及海馬結構(Ward,R. P.;Hamblin,M. W.;Lachowicz,J. E.;Hoffman,B. J.;Sibley,D. R.;Dorsa,D. M.Neuroscience
1995,64
,1105-1111)。
基於來自可獲得科學研究之直接效果及適應症,5-HT6
配位基在人類中具有許多潛在治療用途。該等研究包括受體定位、對具有已知活體內活性配位基之親和性及目前為止所實施的各種動物研究。
5-HT6
受體功能調節劑之一種潛在治療用途係增強諸如阿茲海默氏症(Alzheimer's)等人類疾病之認知力及記憶力。於前腦之重要結構(包括尾狀殼核、海馬、阿肯伯氏核及皮質)中所發現高含量受體表明該受體在記憶及認知方面起作用,此乃因已知該等區域在記憶方面起關鍵作用(Gerard,C.;Martres,M.-P.;Lefevre,K.;Miquel,M.C.;Verge,D.;Lanfumey,R.;Doucet,E.;Hamon,M.;El Mestikawy,S.Brain Research
,1997,746
,207-219)。已知5-HT6
受體配位基在增強膽鹼能神經傳導方面之能力亦支持潛在認知用途(Bentley,J. C.;Boursson,A.;Boess,F. G.;Kone,F. C.;Marsden,C. A.;Petit,N.;Sleight,A. J.British Journal of Pharmacology
,1999,126(7)
,1537-1542)。研究已發現,已知5-HT6
選擇性拮抗劑可顯著增加額皮質中麩胺酸鹽及天冬胺酸鹽含量而不會使去甲腎上腺素、多巴胺或5-HT含量升高。已知擬參與記憶及認知之神經化學物質之該選擇性升高表明5-HT6
配位基可在認知方面起作用(Dawson,L. A.;Nguyen,H. Q.;Li,P.British Journal of Pharmacology
,2000,130(1)
,23-26)。使用已知選擇性5-HT6
拮抗劑實施的記憶及學習之動物研究發現正向作用(Rogers,D. C.;Hatcher,P. D.;Hagan,J. J.Society of Neuroscience,Abstracts
2000,26
,680)。
5-HT6
配位基、具體而言拮抗劑之有關潛在治療用途係治療兒童與成年人二者之注意力缺陷症(ADD)及注意力缺陷多動症(ADHD)。(Ernst,M;Zametkin,A. J.;Matochik,J. H.;Jons,P. A.;Cohen,R. M.Journal of Neuroscience
1998,18(15)
,5901-5907)。
5-HT6
配位基亦表現出治療精神分裂症及抑鬱症之可能性。舉例而言,氯氮平(clozapine)(一種有效的臨床抗精神病藥)對5-HT6
受體亞型具有高親和性。此外,若干臨床抗抑鬱藥對該受體同樣具有高親和性並可在該位點用作拮抗劑(Branchek,T. A.;Blackburn,T. P.Annual Reviews in Pharmacology and Toxicology
2000,40
,319-334)。
認知功能受損係精神分裂症之核心特點,其展現出多種表現,包括病患操控可用資訊能力之基本缺陷。Weinberger等人,International clinical psychopharmacology,1997,12
,38-40。精神分裂症之認知缺陷程度較大且保持相對穩定,儘管其他症狀有所波動。文獻出處同前。功能障礙度對長期失能亦具有高預測價值。文獻出處同前。良好認知功能取決於當處理負載過多時大腦區分任務優先順序之能力及自平行處理向順序處理轉換之能力。文獻出處同前。此需要工作執行記憶。神經成像及功能分析顯示此認知功能依賴於未受損前額活性。文獻出處同前。越來越多的證據表明與具有主要為多巴胺(D)2
阻斷活性之藥物(習用精神抑制藥)相比,具有5-羥色胺阻斷活性之抗精神病藥物(具體而言5-HT2a
)可使精神分裂症病患產生更佳認知功能。文獻出處同前。因此,藉助投與具有5-羥色胺阻斷活性之抗精神病藥物來改良或穩定患有精神分裂症病患之認知功能可理想地改良病患結局。
精神分裂症之神經認知缺陷被視為疾患之單獨方面,其相對獨立於精神症狀且與功能結局緊密相關。該等神經認知缺陷包括工作記憶、注意力/警覺性、言語學習及記憶、視覺學習及記憶、推理及問題解決、處理速度、及社會認知等缺陷(Green MF,Nuechterlein KH,Gold JM等人,「Approaching a consensus cognitive battery for clinical trials in schizophrenia:the NIMH-MATRICS conference to select cognitive domains and test criteria」,Biol. Psychiatry 2004;56:301-307)。
此外,大鼠的最近活體內研究表明5-HT6
調節劑可用於治療運動障礙,包括癲癇(Stean,T.;Routledge,C.;Upton,N.British Journal of Pharmacology
1999,127
Proc.增刊131P及Routledge,C.;Bromidge,S. M.;Moss,S. F.;Price,G. W.;Hirst,W.;Newman,H.;Riley,G.;Gager,T.;Stean,T.;Upton,N.;Clarke,S. E.;Brown,A. M.British Journal of Pharmacology
2000,130(7),
1606-1612)。
總之,上述研究強烈表明,作為5-HT6
受體調節劑(即:配位基)之化合物可用於治療適應症包括:治療與阿茲海默氏症相關之症狀,例如癡呆症(記憶、認知及學習缺陷);治療人格障礙,例如精神分裂症;治療行為障礙,例如焦慮症、抑鬱症及強迫症;治療ADD及ADHD;治療行動或運動障礙,例如帕金森氏症(Parkinson's disease)及癲癇;治療與神經變性相關之疾病,例如中風及頭部創傷;或戒斷藥物成癮,尤其包括尼古丁、酒精。
由於5-HT6
受體幾乎完全位於大腦中,故非經腸投與之藥物對受體之調節需要藥物穿過血腦屏障。血腦屏障係由連續緊密連接之大腦毛細血管內皮細胞構成,此使得化合物實際上不可能進入該等細胞周圍之大腦。J. Bryan,Pharmaceutical Journal,273(2004) 475-476.而進入大腦限於被動擴散或主動轉運通過內皮細胞。G&G,Pharmaceutical Basis of Therapeutics,第10版,第10頁。因此,影響5-HT6
活性之生物可利用非經腸投與化合物不僅必須具有有利的溶解度特徵曲線以便成功地進入血流,且其亦需要穿過血腦屏障以便靶向5-HT6
受體。有利地,本發明提供能夠調節5-HT6
受體活性且具有生物可利用性之化合物。
關於5-HT6
配位基之最近臨床及臨床前成果概述於以下文獻中:Rudy Schreiber、Andrew Sleight及Marie Woolley,「5-HT6
Receptors as Targets for the Treatment of Cognitive Deficitss in Schizophrenia」,The Receptors Book The Serotonin Receptors,Humana Press,2006,第495至515頁,Bryan L. Roth編輯;Johnson CN,Ahmed M,Miller ND,"5-HT6
Receptors antagonists:prospects for the treatment of cognitive disorders including dementia"Curr. Opin. Drug Discov. Devel. 11(5):642-54(2008年9月);Jorg Holenz、Petrus J. Pauwels、Jose Luis Daz、Ramon Merce、Xavier Codony及Helmut Buschmann,「Medicinal chemistry strategies to 5-HT6
Receptors ligands as potential cognitive enhancers and antiobesity agents」,Drug Discovery Today,11(7/8) 2006年4月;Robin Emsley,「Drugs in development for the treatment of schizophrenia」,Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs,18(8) 1103-1118,2009年8月。
9種5-HT6
配位基已進入人類臨床試驗。Lundbeck之Lu-AE-58054係處於精神分裂症認知障礙II期試驗中;Wyeth之SAM-531係處於阿茲海默氏症II期試驗中;Synosia Therapeutics之SYN-114係處於阿茲海默氏症I期試驗中;EPIX Pharmaceuticals公司之PRX-07034係處於精神分裂症、阿茲海默氏症及肥胖症Ib期試驗中;Suven Life Sciences有限公司之SUVN-502係處於阿茲海默氏症I期試驗中;GlaxoSmithKline之SB-742457係處於與阿茲海默氏症相關之認知功能障礙II期試驗中;Lilly之LY-483518(授權給Saegis Pharmaceuticals(SGS-518))係處於與精神分裂症相關之認知缺損IIa期試驗中;Wyeth之SAX-187目前係處於焦慮症I期試驗中;且GlaxoSmithKline之SB-271046係處於阿茲海默氏症及精神分裂症I期試驗中,但已中斷(可能由於對血腦屏障之低透過率所致)。
1-[(3-氟苯基)磺醯基]-4-(1-哌基)-1H-苯并咪唑、1-[(2-氟苯基)磺醯基]-4-(1-哌基)-1H-苯并咪唑、1-[(3-氯苯基)磺醯基]-4-(1-哌基)-1H-苯并咪唑、1-(1-萘基磺醯基)-4-(1-哌基)-1H-苯并咪唑及1-[(2,5-二氯苯基)磺醯基]-4-(1-哌基)-1H-苯并咪唑之結構係由ChemZoo公司(Winston-Salem,North Carolina)於2008年藉助ChemSpider數據庫產生。然而,似乎尚未提供可供銷售之該等化合物。尚未提供關於該等化合物與5-HT6
受體結合之能力或其任何藥理效應或該等化合物之用途之任何資訊。尚無任何證據表明已將其製備出來且未提供製備該等化合物之任何方法。
本發明提供可用作治療多種與5-HT6
受體活性有關或受其影響之病況之治療劑的化合物,該等病況包括精神病(例如,精神分裂症、焦慮症或抑鬱症)、運動障礙(例如,帕金森氏症)、焦慮症、抑鬱症、藥物成癮、強迫症、注意力缺陷症或已知與5-HT6
受體有關或受其影響之任何病況。藉由下文所闡述之詳細說明將更易明瞭本發明之該等及其他特點。
本發明提供式I之有效5-HT6
拮抗劑化合物:
其中該等組成變量係如下文所定義。
本發明之另一態樣提供式II化合物:
其中該等組成變量係如下文所定義。
本發明之另一態樣提供式III化合物:
其中該等組成變量係如下文所定義。
本發明之另一態樣提供式IV化合物:
其中該等組成變量係如下文所定義。
在其他態樣中,本發明提供包含本發明化合物之組合物及製備本發明化合物之方法。在其他態樣中,本發明提供調節個體之5-HT6
之方法及治療有需要之哺乳動物的與5-HT6
有關之病症之方法。
在一個態樣中,本發明提供式I化合物:
其中,R1a
及R1b
各自獨立地為H或C1
-C6
烷基、C2
-C6
烯基或C2
-C6
炔基,各經0至4個獨立選自由以下組成之群之取代基取代:C1
-C4
烷基、C3
-C6
環烷基、C3
-C6
環烯基、C2
-C6
烯基、C2
-C6
炔基、鹵基、硝基、氰基、羥基、-N(Ra)2
、-C(O)Rb
、-ORc
及-S(O)p
Rd
;或者,R1a
與R1b
一起形成-(CH2
)n
-;R2
係H、C1
-C4
烷基、-CHO或-C(O)(C1
-C4
烷基);R3
在每次出現時獨立地為鹵基、硝基、氰基、羥基、-N(Ra
)2
、C1
-C6
烷基、C2
-C6
烯基、C2
-C6
炔基、C1
-C6
醯基或C1
-C6
烷氧基,其中C1
-C6
烷基、C1
-C6
烷基、C2
-C6
烯基、C1
-C6
醯基或C1
-C6
烷氧基各經0至4個獨立選自由以下組成之群之取代基取代:C1
-C4
烷基、C3
-C6
環烷基、C3
-C6
環烯基、C2
-C6
烯基、C2
-C6
炔基、鹵基、硝基、氰基、羥基、-N(Ra
)2
、-C(O)Rb
、-ORc
及-S(O)p
Rd
;R4
係H、羥基、C1
-C6
烷基、C2
-C6
烯基、C2
-C6
炔基、C1
-C6
醯基、C3
-C6
環烷基或C3
-C6
環烯基,其中C1
-C6
烷基、C2
-C6
烯基、C2
-C6
炔基、C1
-C6
醯基、C3
-C6
環烷基或C3
-C6
環烯基各經0至4個獨立選自由以下組成之群之取代基取代:C1
-C4
烷基、C3
-C6
環烷基、C3
-C6
環烯基、鹵基、硝基、氰基、羥基、-N(Ra
)2
、-C(O)Rb
、-ORc
及-S(O)p
Rd
;R5
、R6
、R7
、R8
及R9
各自獨立地為H、鹵基、硝基、氰基、羥基、S(O)p
Rd
、-N(Ra
)2
、C1
-C6
烷基、C1
-C6
醯基、C1
-C6
烷氧基、C3
-C6
環烷基或C3
-C6
環烯基,其中C1
-C6
烷基、C1
-C6
醯基、C1
-C6
烷氧基、C3
-C6
環烷基或C3
-C6
環烯基各經0至4個獨立選自由以下組成之群之取代基取代:C1
-C4
烷基、C3
-C6
環烷基、C3
-C6
環烯基、C2
-C6
烯基、C2
-C6
炔基、鹵基、硝基、氰基、羥基、-N(Ra
)2
、-C(O)Rb
、-ORc
及-S(O)p
Rd
;或者,R5
與R6
或R6
與R7
中之一與其所連接碳原子一起形成經0至3個R10
基團取代之稠合苯基、C3
-C6
環烷基或C3
-C6
環烯基環;R10
係鹵基、硝基、氰基、羥基、S(O)p
Rd
、-N(Ra
)2
、C1
-C6
烷基、C1
-C6
醯基、C1
-C6
烷氧基、C3
-C6
環烷基或C3
-C6
環烯基,其中C1
-C6
烷基、C1
-C6
醯基、C1
-C6
烷氧基、C3
-C6
環烷基或C3
-C6
環烯基各經0至4個獨立選自由以下組成之群之取代基取代:C1
-C4
烷基、C3
-C6
環烷基、C3
-C6
環烯基、C2
-C6
烯基、C2
-C6
炔基、鹵基、硝基、氰基、羥基、苯基、-N(Ra
)2
、-C(O)Rb
、-ORc
及-S(O)p
Rd
;各Ra
獨立地為H、-CHO、-C(O)(C1
-C4
烷基)、-CO2
(C1
-C4
烷基)或C1
-C4
烷基,視情況經鹵基取代;各Rb
獨立地為H、-OH、C1
-C4
烷氧基-、-NH2
、-NH(C1
-C4
烷基)、-N(C1
-C4
烷基)2
或C1
-C4
烷基,視情況經鹵基取代;各Rc
獨立地為H、-C(O)(C1
-C4
烷基)或C1
-C4
烷基,視情況經鹵基取代;各Rd
獨立地為羥基或視情況經鹵基取代之C1
-C4
烷基;各p獨立地為0、1或2,m係0、1或2;且n係1或2;或其互變異構體、立體異構體或醫藥上可接受之鹽。
本發明之另一態樣提供式II化合物:
其中該等變量係如針對式I化合物所述。
本發明之另一態樣提供式III化合物:
其中該等變量係如針對式I化合物所述。
本發明之另一態樣提供式IV化合物:
其中該等變量係如針對式I化合物所述。
在一個實施例中:R1a
及R1b
各自獨立地為H或C1
-C6
烷基;或者,R1a
與R1b
一起形成-(CH2
)n
-;R2
係H或C1
-C4
烷基;R3
在每次出現時獨立地為羥基或鹵基;R4
係H、羥基或C1
-C6
烷基;R5
、R6
、R7
、R8
及R9
各自獨立地為H、鹵基、羥基、C1
-C6
烷基或C1
-C6
烷氧基,其中C1
-C6
烷基或C1
-C6
烷氧基各經0至3個鹵基取代;或者,R5
與R6
或R6
與R7
中之一與其所連接碳原子一起形成經0至3個R10
基團取代之稠合苯基、C3
-C6
環烷基或C3
-C6
環烯基環;各R10
獨立地為鹵基、羥基、C1
-C6
烷基或C1
-C6
烷氧基,其中C1
-C6
烷基或C1
-C6
烷氧基各經0至3個鹵基取代;m係0、1或2;且n係1或2。
在一個實施例中,R2
係H或C1
-C4
烷基。
在一個實施例中,R2
係H。
在一個實施例中,R4
係C1
-C6
烷基。
在一個實施例中,R4
係C1
-C4
烷基。
在一個實施例中,R4
係甲基、乙基、丙基或丁基。
在一個實施例中,R4
係H。
在一個實施例中,m係0。
在一個實施例中,R3
係鹵基。
在一個實施例中,R1a
及R1b
獨立地為H或C1
-C4
烷基。
在一個實施例中,R1a
及R1b
皆為H或-CH3
。
在一個實施例中,R1a
及R1b
皆為H。
在一個實施例中,R1a
係H且R1b
係-CH3
。
在一個實施例中,R2
係H或C1
-C4
烷基。
在一個實施例中,R5
係H或鹵基。
在一個實施例中,R5
係氯。
在一個實施例中,R5
係視情況經鹵基取代之C1
-C4
烷氧基。
在一個實施例中,R5
係視情況經鹵基取代之C1
-C4
烷基。
在一個實施例中,R6
係H、鹵基、視情況經鹵基取代之C1
-C4
烷基或視情況由鹵基取代之C1
-C4
烷氧基。
在一個實施例中,R6
係-OCF3
。
在一個實施例中,R5
、R6
、R7
、R8
及R9
中之一係視情況由鹵基取代之C1
-C4
烷基,R5
、R6
、R7
、R8
及R9
中之一係鹵基,且R5
、R6
、R7
、R8
及R9
中之剩餘3個係H。
在一個實施例中,R5
係視情況由鹵基取代之C1
-C4
烷基且R6
係鹵基。
在一個實施例中,R6
係氟。
在一個實施例中,R7
係H或鹵基。
在一個實施例中,R7
係氟。
在一個實施例中,R7
係各自視情況經鹵基取代之C1
-C4
烷氧基或C1
-C4
烷基。
在一個實施例中,R5
、R6
、R7
、R8
及R9
中之一係鹵基且R5
、R6
、R7
、R8
及R9
中之剩餘4個係H。
在一個實施例中,R5
、R6
、R7
、R8
及R9
中之2個係鹵基且R5
、R6
、R7
、R8
及R9
中之剩餘3個係H。
在一個實施例中,R5
、R6
、R7
、R8
及R9
中之一係視情況由鹵基取代之烷基且R5
、R6
、R7
、R8
及R9
中之剩餘4個係H。
在一個實施例中,R5
及R6
與其所連接碳原子一起形成各自經R10
取代之稠合苯基、C3
-C6
環烷基或C3
-C6
環烯基環。
在一個實施例中,R5
及R6
與其所連接碳子一起形成稠合苯基環。
在一個實施例中,R5
及R6
係H。
在一個實施例中,R10
係鹵基。
在一個實施例中,R6
及R7
與其所連接碳原子一起形成經鹵基取代之稠合苯基、C1
-C6
環烷基或C1
-C6
環烯基環。
在一個實施例中,R6
及R7
與其所連接碳子一起形成稠合苯基環。
在一個實施例中,R6
係OC1
-C4
烷基,R8
係C1
-C4
烷基,且R9
係鹵基。
在另一實施例中,R1a
及R1b
係H,R2
係H或甲基,m係0,R4
係選自由H或C1
-C6
烷基組成之群;且R5
、R6
、R7
、R8
及R9
各為H或鹵基。
在其一個實施例中,R4
係H。
在一個實施例中,R6
係F。
在一個實施例中,R7
、R8
及R9
各為H。
在一個實施例中,R4
係甲基。
在一個實施例中,式I化合物不包括1-[(3-氟苯基)磺醯基]-4-(1-哌基)-1H-苯并咪唑、1-[(2-氟苯基)磺醯基]-4-(1-哌基)-1H-苯并咪唑、1-[(3-氯苯基)磺醯基]-4-(1-哌基)-1H-苯并咪唑、1-(1-萘基磺醯基)-4-(1-哌基)-1H-苯并咪唑及1-[(2,5-二氯苯基)磺醯基]-4-(1-哌基)-1H-苯并咪唑。
式I之闡釋性化合物如下:4-(4-甲基哌-1-基)-1-(萘-1-基磺醯基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑;1-(萘-1-基磺醯基)-4-(哌-1-基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑;1-(苯基磺醯基)-4-(哌-1-基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑;2-甲基-1-(1-萘基磺醯基)-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;2-甲基-1-(苯基磺醯基)-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;2-乙基-1-(苯基磺醯基)-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;4-(4-乙基哌-1-基)-1-(苯基磺醯基)-1H-苯并咪唑;2-丁基-1-(苯基磺醯基)-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;2-甲基-4-(4-甲基哌-1-基)-1-(1-萘基磺醯基)-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(4-氯苯基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(2-氯苯基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;4-(4-甲基哌-1-基)-1-(苯基磺醯基)-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(4-甲氧基苯基)磺醯基]-2-甲基-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;2-甲基-4-哌-1-基-1-{[3-(三氟甲氧基)苯基]磺醯基}-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(2-氯苯基)磺醯基]-2-甲基-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(3-氯苯基)磺醯基]-2-甲基-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(4-氯苯基)磺醯基]-2-甲基-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;2-甲基-1-[(3-甲基苯基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(3-氯苯基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(4-氟苯基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(2-氟苯基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(3-氟苯基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-(2-萘基磺醯基)-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(4-甲氧基苯基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;4-哌-1-基-1-{[4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基]磺醯基}-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(3-氟苯基)磺醯基]-2-甲基-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(4-甲基苯基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;4-哌-1-基-1-{[3-(三氟甲氧基)苯基]磺醯基}-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(3-氯-4-氟苯基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;2-甲基-4-哌-1-基-1-{[4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基]磺醯基}-1H-苯并咪唑;2-甲基-1-[(4-甲基苯基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(2-氟苯基)磺醯基]-2-甲基-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;4-哌-1-基-1-{[2-(三氟甲氧基)苯基]磺醯基}-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(3-甲氧基苯基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(4-甲基-1-萘基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(3-甲基苯基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(3-氯-2-甲基苯基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(4-氟苯基)磺醯基]-2-甲基-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(2-甲基苯基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;4-哌-1-基-1-{[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]磺醯基}-1H-苯并咪唑;4-哌-1-基-1-{[2-(三氟甲基)苯基]磺醯基}-1H-苯并咪唑;4-哌-1-基-1-{[3-(三氟甲基)苯基]磺醯基}-1H-苯并咪唑;2-甲基-1-(2-萘基磺醯基}-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(2-甲氧基苯基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(3-甲氧基苯基)磺醯基]-2-甲基-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;2-甲基-4-哌-1-基-1-{[2-(三氟甲氧基)苯基]磺醯基}-1H-苯并咪唑;2-甲基-1-[(2-甲基苯基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;2-甲基-4-哌-1-基-1-{[2-(三氟甲基)苯基]磺醯基}-1H-苯并咪唑;2-甲基-4-哌-1-基-1-{[3-(三氟甲基)苯基]磺醯基}-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(5-氯-1-萘基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;2-甲基-1-[(4-甲基-1-萘基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(2-甲氧基苯基)磺醯基]-2-甲基-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(2-氯苯基)磺醯基]-4-(3-甲基哌-1-基)-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(3-氯苯基)磺醯基]-4-(3-甲基哌-1-基)-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(3-甲基苯基)磺醯基]-4-(3-甲基哌-1-基)-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(2-甲氧基苯基)磺醯基]-4-(3-甲基哌-1-基)-1H-苯并咪唑;4-(3-甲基哌-1-基)-1-{[2-(三氟甲氧基)苯基]磺醯基}-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(3-氯-2-甲基苯基)磺醯基]-4-(3-甲基哌-1-基)-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(2-氯苯基)磺醯基]-2-(1-甲基乙基)-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(3-氯苯基)磺醯基]-2-(1-甲基乙基)-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;2-(1-甲基乙基)-1-(萘-1-基磺醯基)-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(5-氯萘-1-基)磺醯基]-2-(1-甲基乙基)-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;2-(1-甲基乙基)-4-哌-1-基-1-{[2-(三氟甲氧基)苯基]磺醯基}-1H-苯并咪唑;2-(1-甲基乙基)-1-[(4-甲基萘-1-基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(5-氯-2-甲氧基苯基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(5-溴-2-甲氧基苯基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(2,5-二甲氧基苯基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(2-甲氧基-5-甲基苯基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(2-甲氧基-4-甲基苯基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(2-氯-6-甲基苯基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-{[2-氯-5-(三氟甲基)苯基]磺醯基}-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(2-氟-5-甲基苯基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(2-氟-3-甲基苯基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(3-氟-2-甲氧基苯基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(2-氯苯基)磺醯基]-4-[(3R)-3-甲基哌-1-基]-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(3-氯苯基)磺醯基]-4-[(3R)-3-甲基哌-1-基]-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(3-氯-2-甲基苯基)磺醯基]-4-[(3R)-3-甲基哌-1-基]-1H-苯并咪唑;4-[(3R)-3-甲基哌-1-基]-1-(萘-1-基磺醯基)-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(2-氯苯基)磺醯基]-4-[(3S)-3-甲基哌-1-基]-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(3-氯苯基)磺醯基]-4-[(3S)-3-甲基哌-1-基]-1H-苯并咪唑;4-[(3S)-3-甲基哌-1-基]-1-(萘-1-基磺醯基)-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(3-氯-2-甲基苯基)磺醯基]-4-[(3S)-3-甲基哌-1-基]-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(2,3-二氟苯基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(2,5-二氟苯基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(2-氯-5-氟苯基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(2,6-二氯苯基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(3-氟-2-甲基苯基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(3-氯-5-氟苯基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(2-乙氧基苯基)磺醯基]-2-甲基-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(5-氯-2-甲氧基-4-甲基苯基)磺醯基]-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;2-甲基-4-(3-甲基哌-1-基)-1-(苯基磺醯基)-1H-苯并咪唑;2-甲基-4-(3-甲基哌-1-基)-1-(萘-1-基磺醯基)-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(2-氯苯基)磺醯基]-2-甲基-4-(3-甲基哌-1-基)-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(3-氟苯基)磺醯基]-2-甲基-4-(3-甲基哌-1-基)-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(3-氯-2-甲基苯基)磺醯基]-2-甲基-4-(3-甲基哌-1-基)-1H-苯并咪唑;4-[(3R,5S)-3,5-二甲基哌-1-基]-2-甲基-1-(苯基磺醯基)-1H-苯并咪唑;4-[(3R,5S)-3,5-二甲基哌-1-基]-2-甲基-1-(萘-1-基磺醯基)-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(2-氯苯基)磺醯基]-4-[(3R,5S)-3,5-二甲基哌-1-基]-2-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑;4-[(3R,5S)-3,5-二甲基哌-1-基]-1-[(3-氟苯基)磺醯基]-2-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(3-氯-2-甲基苯基)磺醯基]-4-[(3R,5S)-3,5-二甲基哌-1-基]-2-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑;6-氟-1-(萘-1-基磺醯基)-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(2-氯苯基)磺醯基]-6-氟-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;6-氟-1-(苯基磺醯基)-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑;4-[(1S,4S)-2,5-二氮雜二環[2.2.1]庚-2-基]-1-(苯基磺醯基)-1H-苯并咪唑;4-[(1S,4S)-2,5-二氮雜二環[2.2.1]庚-2-基]-1-(萘-1-基磺醯基)-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(2-氯苯基)磺醯基]-4-[(1S,4S)-2,5-二氮雜二環[2.2.1]庚-2-基]-1H-苯并咪唑;4-[(1S,4S)-2,5-二氮雜二環[2.2.1]庚-2-基]-1-[(3-氟苯基)磺醯基]-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(3-氯-2-甲基苯基)磺醯基]-4-[(1S,4S)-2,5-二氮雜二環[2.2.1]庚-2-基]-1H-苯并咪唑;4-[(1S,4S)-2,5-二氮雜二環[2.2.1]庚-2-基]-2-甲基-1-(苯基磺醯基)-1H-苯并咪唑;4-[(1S,4S)-2,5-二氮雜二環[2.2.1]庚-2-基]-2-甲基-1-(萘-1-基磺醯基)-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(2-氯苯基)磺醯基]-4-[(1S,4S)-2,5-二氮雜二環[2.2.1]庚-2-基]-2-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑;4-[(1S,4S)-2,5-二氮雜二環[2.2.1]庚-2-基]-1-[(3-氟苯基)磺醯基]-2-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(3-氯-2-甲基苯基)磺醯基]-4-[(1S,4S)-2,5-二氮雜二環[2.2.1]庚-2-基]-2-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑;2-甲基-4-[(3R)-3-甲基哌-1-基]-1-(苯基磺醯基)-1H-苯并咪唑;2-甲基-4-[(3R)-3-甲基哌-1-基]-1-(1-萘基磺醯基)-1H-苯并咪唑;2-甲基-4-[(3S)-3-甲基哌-1-基]-1-(苯基磺醯基)-1H-苯并咪唑;2-甲基-4-[(3S)-3-甲基哌-1-基]-1-(1-萘基磺醯基)-1H-苯并咪唑;4-(3-乙基哌-1-基)-1-(1-萘基磺醯基)-1H-苯并咪唑;4-(3-乙基哌-1-基)-1-(苯基磺醯基)-1H-苯并咪唑;4-(3-異丙基哌-1-基)-1-(苯基磺醯基)-1H-苯并咪唑;4-(3-異丙基哌-1-基)-1-(1-萘基磺醯基)-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(2-氯苯基)磺醯基]-4-(3-異丙基哌-1-基)-1H-苯并咪唑;4-(3-異丁基哌-1-基)-1-(苯基磺醯基)-1H-苯并咪唑;4-(3-異丁基哌-1-基)-1-(1-萘基磺醯基)-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(2-氯苯基)磺醯基]-4-(3-異丁基哌-1-基)-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(5-氯-1-萘基)磺醯基]-2-甲基-4-[(3S)-3-甲基哌-1-基]-1H-苯并咪唑;1-[(5-氯-1-萘基)磺醯基]-2-甲基-4-[(3R)-3-甲基哌-1-基]-1H-苯并咪唑;4-(3-甲基哌-1-基)-1-(苯基磺醯基)-1H-苯并咪唑;及4-(3-甲基哌-1-基)-1-(1-萘基磺醯基)-1H-苯并咪唑;或其互變異構體、立體異構體或醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在其他態樣中,本發明提供包含任一本發明式I至IV化合物之化合物或醫藥上可接受之鹽及醫藥上可接受之載劑之醫藥組合物。
在其他態樣中,本發明提供適於經口投與之醫藥上可接受之載劑且該組合物包含口服劑型。
在其他態樣中,本發明提供治療與5-HT6
有關之病症之方法,其包含以有效治療與5-HT6
有關之病症之量向有需要之哺乳動物投與任一式I至IV化合物。
在其他態樣中,本發明提供治療中樞神經系統(CNS)疾病或病症之方法,其包含向個體投與式I至IV化合物;或其互變異構體、立體異構體或醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在其他態樣中,中樞神經系統(CNS)疾病或病症係精神病、焦慮症、抑鬱症、癲癇、強迫症、偏頭痛、認知障礙、睡眠障礙、進食障礙、食慾減退、貪食症、暴食症、恐慌發作、由藥物濫用戒斷所致之病症、與精神分裂症相關之認知缺損、胃腸道病症、刺激性腸症候群、記憶障礙、與阿茲海默氏症相關之認知功能障礙、帕金森氏症、亨庭頓氏舞蹈症(Huntington's chorea)、精神分裂症、注意力缺陷多動症、以神經元生長受損為特徵之神經變性疾病及疼痛。
在另一實施例中,任一本發明實施例之化合物皆作為醫藥上可接受之鹽存在。更具體而言,醫藥上可接受之鹽係鹽酸鹽(HCl)。
本發明之另一實施例提供調節個體之5-HT6
受體活性之方法,其包含向該個體投與式I至IV化合物,其中調節該個體之5-HT6
受體活性。
在其他態樣中,本發明提供合成式I化合物之方法,其包含:a)使式IA化合物:
與式IB化合物反應:
其中,X係R2
或保護基團;以形成式IC化合物:
其中R1a
、R1b
及R2
至R9
係如式I中所定義;且若X係R2
,則形成式I化合物;或若X係保護基團,則該方法進一步包含:b)使式IC化合物去保護以形成去保護化合物;其中若R2
係H,則形成式I化合物;或若R2
不為H,則該方法進一步包含:c)使GA
-R2
或GA
=R2
與去保護化合物反應;其中GA
係活化基團;其中形成式I化合物。
在一個實施例中,在非質子溶劑中於鹼存在下實施式IA化合物與IB化合物反應之方法。
在一個實施例中,鹼係氫化鈉(NaH)。
在一個實施例中,保護基團係第三丁氧基羰基(Boc)、苄基、乙醯基、對甲氧基苄基(PMB)或苄氧基羰基(Cbz)。
在一個實施例中,去保護步驟包含使式IC化合物與三氟乙酸(TFA)接觸。
在一個實施例中,GA
係鹵基、甲苯磺酸酯基、甲磺酸酯基、三氟甲磺酸酯基或側氧基。
在一個實施例中,GA
係側氧基且使GA
=R2
與去保護化合物反應之步驟包含在硼還原劑存在下之還原胺化反應。
在本發明之另一態樣中,該方法進一步包含藉由以下步驟製備式IB化合物:a)使式ID化合物:
與式IE化合物反應:
其中,鹵基係Cl、Br或I;且其中形成式IB化合物。
在一個實施例中,X係保護基團且在鹼存在下實施使式ID化合物與式IE化合物反應之步驟。
在一個實施例中,鹼係碳酸氫鈉(NaHCO3
)且在高於約100℃下實施該反應步驟。
在本發明之另一態樣中,該方法進一步包含藉由使R4
-C(OEt)3
與式IF化合物反應來製備式IB化合物:
其中形成式IB化合物。
在一個實施例中,在蒙脫石(montmorillonite)KSF及甲苯存在下實施使R4
-C(OEt)3
與式IF化合物反應之步驟。
在本發明之另一態樣中,該方法進一步包含藉由使式IG化合物氫化來製備式IF化合物:
其中,Y係N3
或NO2
。
在一個實施例中,在H2
及碳載鈀(H2
/Pd-C)存在下實施氫化步驟。
在本發明之另一態樣中,Y係NO2
且該方法進一步包含藉由以下步驟製備式IG化合物:(a)使2,3-二硝基苯胺與硝酸鈉(NaNO2
)反應以形成(2,3-二硝基苯基)重氮化合物;及(b)使(二硝基苯基)重氮化合物與式IH化合物反應:
其中形成式IG化合物。
在一個實施例中,在乙酸(AcOH)及溴化銅(CuBr)存在下實施使2,3-二硝基苯胺與硝酸鈉(NaNO2
)反應之步驟。
在一個實施例中,在2,2'-雙(二苯基膦基)-1,1'-二萘基(BINAP)、叁(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(Pd2
(dba)3
)、碳酸銫(Cs2
CO3
)及甲苯存在下實施接觸步驟。
在一個實施例中,藉由使N-(3-硝基苯基)乙醯胺與硝酸(HNO3
)及硫酸(H2
SO4
)反應來製備2,3-二硝基苯胺。
在本發明之另一態樣中,Y係N3
且該方法進一步包含藉由以下步驟製備式IG化合物:(a)使疊氮化鈉與1,3-二氟-2-硝基苯反應以形成1-疊氮基-3-氟-2-硝基苯;及(b)使1-疊氮基-3-氟-2-硝基苯與式IH化合物接觸:
其中形成式IG化合物。
在一個實施例中,在N,N-二異丙基乙基胺(DIPEA)存在下實施接觸步驟。
在一個實施例中,在質子溶劑、非質子溶劑、極性溶劑、非極性溶劑、質子極性溶劑、非質子非極性溶劑或非質子極性溶劑中實施任一上述方法步驟。
在一個實施例中,任一上述方法步驟包含純化步驟,其包含以下中之至少一種:過濾、萃取、層析、研磨或再結晶。
在另一實施例中,任一上述方法步驟包含分析步驟,其包含液相層析(LC)、質譜(MS)、液相層析/質譜(LC/MS)、氣相層析(GC)、氣相層析/質譜(GC/MS)、核磁共振(NMR)、薄層層析(TLC)、熔點(MP)分析、旋光性(OR)或元素分析。
代表性「醫藥上可接受之鹽」包括(但不限於)(例如)水溶性及水不溶性鹽,例如乙酸鹽、鋁鹽、胺芪磺酸鹽(4,4-二胺基芪-2,2-二磺酸鹽)、苄星青黴素鹽(benzathine)(N,N'-二苄基乙二胺)、苯磺酸鹽、苯甲酸鹽、碳酸氫鹽、鉍鹽、硫酸氫鹽、酒石酸氫鹽、硼酸鹽、溴化物、丁酸鹽、鈣鹽、依地酸鈣(calcium edetate)、樟腦磺酸鹽(樟腦磺酸鹽(camphorsulfonate))、碳酸鹽、氯化物、膽鹼鹽、檸檬酸鹽、棒地酸鹽(clavulariate)、二乙醇胺、二鹽酸鹽、二磷酸鹽、依地酸鹽、乙二磺酸鹽(樟腦磺酸鹽(camphorsulfonate))、乙磺酸鹽(乙磺酸鹽(ethanesulfonate))、乙二胺、富馬酸鹽、葡庚糖酸鹽(葡庚糖酸鹽(glucoheptonate))、葡萄糖酸鹽、葡萄糖醛酸鹽、麩胺酸鹽、六氟磷酸鹽、己基間苯二酚鹽、哈胺(hydrabamine)(N,N'-雙(脫氫松香基)乙二胺)、氫溴酸鹽、鹽酸鹽、羥基萘酸鹽、1-羥基-2-萘酸鹽、3-羥基-2-萘酸鹽、碘化物、羥乙基磺酸鹽(2-羥基乙磺酸鹽)、乳酸鹽、乳糖酸鹽、月桂酸鹽、月桂基硫酸鹽、鋰鹽、鎂鹽、蘋果酸鹽、馬來酸鹽、扁桃酸鹽、葡胺(1-去氧-1-(甲基胺基)-D-麩胺醇)、甲磺酸鹽、甲基溴、甲基硝酸鹽、甲基硫酸鹽、黏酸鹽、萘磺酸鹽、硝酸鹽、N-甲基葡萄糖胺銨鹽、油酸鹽、草酸鹽、棕櫚酸鹽、雙羥萘酸鹽(4,4'-亞甲基雙-3-羥基-2-萘酸鹽或恩貝酸鹽(embonate))、泛酸鹽、磷酸鹽、苦味酸鹽、聚半乳糖醛酸鹽、鉀鹽、丙酸鹽、對甲苯磺酸鹽、水楊酸鹽、鈉鹽、硬脂酸鹽、次乙酸鹽、琥珀酸鹽、硫酸鹽、磺基水楊酸鹽、蘇拉明鹽(suramate)、鞣酸鹽、酒石酸鹽、茶氯酸鹽(teoclate)(8-氯-3,7-二氫-1,3-二甲基-1H-嘌呤-2,6-二酮)、三乙基碘、胺丁三醇(2-胺基-2-(羥基甲基)-1,3-丙二醇)、戊酸鹽及鋅鹽。
一些本發明內之化合物具有一或多個對掌中心,且本發明包括此等化合物之各單獨對映異構體以及該等對映異構體之混合物。若本發明化合物中存在多個對掌中心,則本發明包括各組合以及其混合物。除非明確指出特定立體化學或異構體形式,否則一種結構之所有對掌性、非對映異構體、外消旋形式皆為所期望的。業內已熟知如何製備光學活性形式,例如,藉由拆分外消旋形式或藉由自光學活性起始材料合成。
當「有效量」與本發明之本發明化合物結合使用時,其係可有效抑制個體之mTOR或PI3K之量。
除非上下文另有說明,否則以下定義與本發明化合物結合使用。一般而言,將存在於所給基團中之碳原子數指定為「Cx
-Cy
」,其中x及y分別為下限及上限。舉例而言,指定為「C1
-C6
」之基團含有1至6個碳原子。本文定義中所用碳數係指碳主鏈及碳支鏈,但不包括取代基之碳原子,例如烷氧基取代及諸如此類。除非另有說明,否則藉由自左至右依次命名官能團末端部分以及朝向連接點之毗鄰官能團來獲得本文未明確定義之取代基之命名。舉例而言,取代基「芳基烷氧基羰基」係指基團(C6
-C14
芳基)-(C1
-C6
烷基)-O-C(O)-。應瞭解,以上定義並不意欲包括不允許之取代模式(例如,經5個氟基團取代之甲基、單個碳原子上之2個羥基、非芳香族雙鍵上之羥基)。此等不允許之取代模式已為熟習此項技術者所熟知。在每一以下基團中,當指出亞基團多次出現時,每次出現皆為獨立地選擇。舉例而言,在二(C1
-C6
烷基)胺基-(例如(C1
-C6
烷基)2
N-)中,C1
-C6
烷基可相同或不同。
「活化」化合物係指使化合物於中心與試劑反應以於該中心引入活化基團,其中該活化基團視情況在一或多個步驟中轉化為另一活化基團。活化之實例包括碳中心之鹵化,視情況之後為硼氫化,其中鹵素基團轉化為視情況經取代之硼烷;氧中心之甲苯磺醯化、甲磺醯化或三氟甲磺醯化;及碳中心之硝化,視情況之後為硝基向胺基之還原及胺基向重氮基團之轉化。
「活化基團」係當與中心結合時可增加該中心之反應性之基團。活化基團之非限制性實例包括與親電子中心結合且能夠由親核劑取代之取代基;與親核中心結合且能夠由親電子試劑取代之取代基;能夠由自由基取代之取代基;或與中心結合之取代基,其中,在獲得或失去一個電子後,該取代基能夠作為陰離子或陽離子離去,同時于該中心形成自由基。
「醯基-」係指具有直鏈、具支鏈或環狀構型或其組合之基團,其藉助羰基官能團連接至母體結構。此等基團可為飽和或不飽和、脂肪族或芳香族、及碳環或雜環基團。碳計數包括羰基碳原子。C1
-C8
醯基-之實例包括HC(O)-、乙醯基-、苯甲醯基-、對甲苯甲醯基、煙醯基-、丙醯基-、異丁醯基-、草醯基及諸如此類。低碳醯基-係指含有1至4個碳之醯基。醯基-可未經取代或經一或多個以下基團取代:鹵素、H2
N-、(C1
-C6
烷基)胺基-、二(C1
-C6
烷基)胺基-、(C1
-C6
烷基)C(O)N(C1
-C3
烷基)-、(C1
-C6
烷基)羰基醯胺基-、HC(O)NH-、H2
NC(O)-、(C1
-C6
烷基)NHC(O)-、二(C1
-C6
烷基)NC(O)-、-CN、羥基、C1
-C6
烷氧基-、C1
-C6
烷基-、HO2
C-、(C1
-C6
烷氧基)羰基-、C1
-C8
醯基-、C6
-C14
芳基-、C1
-C9
雜芳基-或C3
-C8
環烷基-。
「烯基-」係指含有至少1個雙鍵之直鏈或具支鏈不飽和烴。若E-及/或Z-異構體係可能的,則術語「烯基」意欲包括所有此等異構體。C2
-C6
烯基-之實例包括(但不限於)乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、2-丁烯、異丁烯、第二丁烯、1-戊烯、2-戊烯、異戊烯、戊-1,4-二烯-1-基、1-己烯、2-己烯、3-己烯及異己烯。烯基-可未經取代或經一或多個以下基團取代:鹵素、H2
N-、(C1
-C6
烷基)胺基-、二(C1
-C6
烷基)胺基-、(C1
-C6
烷基)C(O)N(C1
-C3
烷基)-、(C1
-C6
烷基)羰基醯胺基-、HC(O)NH-、H2
NC(O)-、(C1
-C6
烷基)NHC(O)-、二(C1
-C6
烷基)NC(O)-、-CN、羥基、C1
-C6烷氧基-、C1
-C6
烷基-、HO2
C-、(C1
-C6
烷氧基)羰基-、C1
-C8
醯基-、C6
-C14
芳基-、C1
-C9
雜芳基-及C3
-C8
環烷基-。
「烷氧基-」係指基團R-O-,其中R係烷基,如下文所定義。例示性C1
-C6
烷氧基-包括(但不限於)甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、1-丙氧基、正丁氧基及第三丁氧基。烷氧基可未經取代或經一或多個以下基團取代:鹵素、羥基、C1
-C6
烷氧基-、H2
N-、(C1
-C6
烷基)胺基-、二(C1
-C6
烷基)胺基-、(C1
-C6
烷基)C(O)N(C1
-C3
烷基)-、(C1
-C6
烷基)羰基醯胺基-、HC(O)NH-、H2
NC(O)-、(C1
-C6
烷基)NHC(O)-、二(C1
-C6
烷基)NC(O)-、-CN、C1
-C6
烷氧基-、HO2
C-、(C1
-C6
烷氧基)羰基-、C1
-C8
醯基-、C6
-C14
芳基-、C1
-C9
雜芳基-、C3
-C8
環烷基-、C1
-C6
鹵代烷基-、C1
-C6
胺基烷基-、(C1
-C6
烷基)羧基-、C1
-C6
羰基醯胺基烷基-或O2
N-。
「烷基-」係指可為含有所述碳原子數之直鏈或具支鏈之烴鏈,舉例而言,C1
-C10
烷基-於其中可具有1至10個(包括端點值)碳原子。在不存在任何數字指定時,「烷基」係於其中具有1至6個(包括端點值)碳原子之鏈(直鏈或具支鏈)。C1
-C6
烷基-之實例包括(但不限於)甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基、異丙基、異丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基、異戊基、新戊基及異己基。烷基-可未經取代或經一或多個以下基團取代:鹵素、H2
N-、(C1
-C6
烷基)胺基-、二(C1
-C6
烷基)胺基-、(C1
-C6
烷基)C(O) N(C1
-C3
烷基)-、(C1
-C6
烷基)羰基醯胺基-、HC(O) NH-、H2
NC(O)-、(C1
-C6
烷基)NHC(O)-、二(C1
-C6
烷基)NC(O)-、-CN、羥基、C1
-C6
烷氧基-、C1
-C6
烷基-、HO2
C-、(C1
-C6
烷氧基)羰基-、C1
-C8
醯基-、C6
-C14
芳基-、C1
-C9
雜芳基-、C3
-C8
環烷基-、C1
-C6
鹵代烷基-、C1
-C6
胺基烷基-、(C1
-C6
烷基)羧基-、C1
-C6
羰基醯胺基烷基-或O2
N-。
「炔基-」係指含有至少1個三鍵之直鏈或具支鏈不飽和烴。C2
-C6
炔基-之實例包括(但不限於)乙炔、丙炔、1-丁炔、2-丁炔、異丁炔、第二丁炔、1-戊炔、2-戊炔、異戊炔、戊-1,4-二炔-1-基、1-己炔、2-已炔、3-已炔及異己炔。炔基可未經取代或經一或多個以下基團取代:鹵素、H2
N-、(C1
-C6
烷基)胺基-、二(C1
-C6
烷基)胺基-、(C1
-C6
烷基)C(O) N(C1
-C3
烷基)-、(C1
-C6
烷基)羰基醯胺基-
、HC(O) NH-、H2
NC(O)-、(C1
-C6
烷基)NHC(O)-、二(C1
-C6
烷基)NC(O)-、-CN、羥基、C1
-C6
烷氧基-、C1
-C6
烷基-、HO2
C-、(C1
-C6
烷氧基)羰基-、C1
-C8
醯基-、C6
-C14
芳基-、C1
-C9
雜芳基-及C3
-C8
環烷基-。
「胺基」係指基團H2
N-。
芳基-係指芳香族烴基團。C6
-C14
芳基-之實例包括(但不限於)苯基、1-萘基、2-萘基、3-聯苯-1-基、蒽基、四氫萘基、茀基、二氫茚基、伸聯苯基及二氫苊基。只要至少一個環係芳香族環且連接點係在芳香族碳原子處,則芳基可為單環或多環基團。芳基可未經取代或經一或多個以下基團取代:C1
-C6
烷基-、鹵素、鹵代烷基-、羥基、羥基(C1
-C6
烷基)-、H2
N-、胺基烷基-、二(C1
-C6
烷基)胺基-、HO2
C-、(C1
-C6
烷氧基)羰基-、(C1
-C6
烷基)羧基-、二(C1
-C6
烷基)醯胺基-、H2
NC(O)-、(C1
-C6
烷基)醯胺基-或O2
N-。
「(芳基)烷基-」係指如上文所定義之烷基,其中一或多個烷基之氫原子已經如上文所定義之芳基取代。(C6
-C14
芳基)烷基-部分包括苄基、二苯甲基、1-苯基乙基、2-苯基乙基、3-苯基丙基、2-苯基丙基、1-萘基甲基、2-萘基甲基及諸如此類。(芳基)烷基-可未經取代或經一或多個以下基團取代:鹵素、H2
N-、羥基、(C1
-C6
烷基)胺基-、二(C1
-C6
烷基)胺基-、(C1
-C6
烷基)C(O) N(C1
-C3
烷基)-、(C1
-C6
烷基)羰基醯胺基-、HC(O) NH-、H2
NC(O)-、(C1
-C6
烷基) NHC(O)-、二(C1
-C6
烷基)NC(O)-、-CN、羥基、C1
-C6
烷氧基-、C1
-C6
烷基-、HO2
C-、(C1
-C6
烷氧基)羰基-、C1
-C8
醯基-、C6
-C14
芳基-、C1
-C9
雜芳基-、C3
-C8
環烷基-、C1
-C6
鹵代烷基-、C1
-C6
胺基烷基-、(C1
-C6
烷基)羧基-、C1
-C6
羰基醯胺基烷基-或O2
N-。
「CNS疾病」或「CNS病症」係影響或起源於中樞神經系統之疾病或病症,較佳為與5-HT6
活性有關或受5-HT6
調節影響之疾病。特定CNS疾病或病症包括精神病、焦慮症、抑鬱症、癲癇、偏頭痛、認知障礙、睡眠障礙、進食障礙、食慾減退、貪食症、暴食症、恐慌發作、由藥物濫用戒斷所致之病症、與精神分裂症相關之認知缺損、胃腸道病症、刺激性腸症候群、記憶障礙、強迫症、與阿茲海默氏症相關之認知功能障礙、ADD、ADHD、不寧腿症候群(RLS)、帕金森氏症、亨庭頓氏舞蹈症、精神分裂症、注意力缺陷多動症、以神經元生長受損為特徵之神經變性疾病及疼痛。本文所用「CNS疾病」或「CNS病症」亦包括另一疾病之症狀,例如與精神分裂症相關之認知障礙。
「環烷基-」係指單環飽和烴環。C3
-C8
環烷基-之代表性實例包括(但不限於)環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基、環庚基及環辛基。環烷基-可未經取代或獨立地經一或多個以下基團取代:鹵素、H2
N-、(C1
-C6
烷基)胺基-、二(C1
-C6
烷基)胺基-、(C1
-C6
烷基) C(O) N(C1
-C3
烷基)-、(C1
-C6
烷基)羰基醯胺基-、HC(O) NH-、H2
NC(O)-、(C1
-C6
烷基) NHC(O)-、二(C1
-C6
烷基) NC(O)-、-CN、羥基、C1
-C6
烷氧基-、C1
-C6
烷基-、HO2
C-、(C1
-C6
烷氧基)羰基-、C1
-C8
醯基-、C6
-C14
芳基-、C1
-C9
雜芳基-、或C3
-C8
環烷基-、C1
-C6
鹵代烷基-、C1
-C6
胺基烷基-、(C1
-C6
烷基)羧基-、C1
-C6
羰基醯胺基烷基-或O2
N-。另外,在碳環相同碳原子上任何2個氫原子中之每一者可由氧原子取代以形成側氧基(=O)取代基或該2個氫原子可由伸烷基二氧基取代以使得伸烷基二氧基在與其所連接碳原子一起時形成含有2個氧原子之5至7員雜環。
「環烯基-」係指在環系統內具有一或多個碳-碳雙鍵之非芳香族碳環。「環烯基」可為單環或可為多環。多環結構可為橋聯或稠合環結構。C3
-C10
環烯基-之實例包括(但不限於)環丙烯基、環丁烯基、環戊烯基、環己烯、4,4a-辛二烯-3-基及環辛烯基。環烯基可未經取代或獨立地經一或多個以下基團取代:鹵素、H2
N-、(C1
-C6
烷基)胺基-、二(C1
-C6
烷基)胺基-、(C1
-C6
烷基) C(O) N(C1
-C3
烷基)-、(C1
-C6
烷基)羰基醯胺基-、HC(O) NH-、H2
NC(O)-、(C1
-C6
烷基) NHC(O)-、二(C1
-C6
烷基) NC(O)-、-CN、羥基、C1
-C6
烷氧基-、C1
-C6
烷基-、HO2
C-、(C1
-C6
烷氧基)羰基-、C1
-C8
醯基-、C6
-C14
芳基-、C1
-C9
雜芳基-、或C3
-C8
環烷基-、C1
-C6
鹵代烷基-、C1
-C6
胺基烷基-、(C1
-C6
烷基)羧基-、C1
-C6
羰基醯胺基烷基-或O2
N-。另外,在環烯基環相同碳原子上任何2個氫原子中之每一者可由氧原子取代以形成側氧基(=O)取代基或該2個氫原子可由伸烷基二氧基取代以使得伸烷基二氧基在與其所連接碳原子一起時形成含有2個氧原子之5至7員雜環。
「去保護」係指去除保護基團,例如去除與胺結合之苄基或BOC基團。可藉由加熱及/或添加能夠去除保護基團之試劑來實施去保護。在較佳實施例中,去保護步驟涉及添加酸、鹼、還原劑、氧化劑、熱或其任何組合。一種自胺基去除BOC基團之較佳方法係向溶液中添加HCl或TFA。許多去保護反應已為業內所熟知且闡述於Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,Greene & Wuts,John Wiley& Sons,New York,NY(第3版,1999)中,其全部揭示內容以引用方式併入本文中。
對於胺基、羥基及巰基之「保護基團」或「Gp
」係指該等官能團之形式,其使用彼等熟習此項技術者已知之保護基團而免受不期望反應之影響,例如彼等於Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,Greene,T.W.;Wuts,P.G.M.,John Wiley & Sons,New York,NY(第3版,1999)中所述之保護基團,其全部揭示內容以引用方式併入本文中,可使用本文所述程序來添加或去除其保護基團。經保護羥基之實例包括(但不限於)甲矽烷基醚,例如彼等藉由羥基與諸如(但不限於)以下等試劑反應而獲得者:第三丁基二甲基-氯矽烷、三甲基氯矽烷、三異丙基氯矽烷、三乙基氯矽烷;經取代之甲基及乙基醚,例如(但不限於)甲氧基甲基醚、甲基硫基甲基醚、苄氧基甲基醚、第三丁氧基甲基醚、2-甲氧基乙氧基甲基醚、四氫吡喃基醚、1-乙氧基乙基醚、烯丙基醚、苄基醚;酯,例如(但不限於)酯苯甲醯甲酸甲酯、甲酸酯、乙酸酯、三氯乙酸酯及三氟乙酸酯。經保護胺基團之實例包括(但不限於)醯胺,例如甲醯胺、乙醯胺、三氟乙醯胺及苯甲醯胺;胺基甲酸酯,例如Boc;醯亞胺,例如鄰苯二甲醯亞胺、Fmoc、Cbz、PMB、苄基及二硫基琥珀醯亞胺;及其他。經保護或封端巰基之實例包括(但不限於)硫醚,例如S-苄基硫醚及S-4-吡啶甲基硫醚;經取代之S-甲基衍生物,例如半硫基、二硫基及胺基硫基縮醛;及其他。
「鹵基」或「鹵素」係指氟、氯、溴或碘。
「鹵代烷基-」係指如上文所定義之烷基,其中一或多個氫原子已經-F、-Cl、-Br、或-I取代。可獨立地選擇每次取代。C1
-C6
鹵代烷基-之代表性實例包括(但不限於)-CH2
F、-CCl3
、-CF3
、CH2
CF3
、-CH2
Cl、-CH2
CH2
Br、-CH2
CH2
I、-CH2
CH2
CH2
F、-CH2
CH2
CH2
Cl、-CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
Br、-CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
I、-CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
Br、-CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
I、-CH2
CH(Br)CH3
、-CH2
CH(Cl)CH2
CH3
、-CH(F)CH2
CH3
及-C(CH3
)2
(CH2
Cl)。
「雜原子」係指硫、氮或氧原子。
「羥基」(「Hydroxy」或「hydroxyl」)係指基團HO-。
「調節5-HT6
受體活性」係指與5-HT6
受體相關之影響(即,抑制或刺激)過程或信號傳導事件。具體而言,抑制5-HT6
可增加大腦中之乙醯膽鹼及麩胺酸鹽之含量,而5-HT6
受體激動或刺激可導致細胞cAMP增加。
「硝基」係指基團O2
N-。
「側氧基」係指原子(=O)。作為活化基團,「側氧基」適於藉由親核胺基實施還原胺化反應以形成烷基胺基或胺基烷基取代基。較佳地,在含硼還原劑存在下實施還原胺化反應步驟。
「立體異構體」(「stereoisomer」或「stereoisomers」)係指一個或多個立體中心之對掌性或原子連接性不同之化合物。立體異構體包括對映異構體、非對映異構體以及順式-反式(E/Z)異構現象。
「個體」或「病患」係哺乳動物,例如人類、小鼠、大鼠、豚鼠、狗、貓、馬、母牛、豬或非人類靈長類(例如猴、黑猩猩、狒狒或大猩猩)。
「互變異構體」係指質子位置不同的化合物之交替形式,例如烯醇-酮或亞胺-烯胺互變異構體。
「治療」(「treating」或「treatment」)個體疾病係指:抑制該疾病或阻止其發展;改善該疾病之症狀;或使該疾病消退。因此,本文所用「治療阿茲海默氏症」涵蓋改善與阿茲海默氏症相關之症狀,例如改善與阿茲海默氏症有關之癡呆症或治療與阿茲海默氏症相關之認知功能障礙。另外,「治療精神分裂症」包括改良或穩定認知功能及改善與精神分裂症相關之認知缺損。
除非另有說明,否則本文所用術語「視情況經取代」意指視情況經取代基團之至少一個氫原子已經以下基團取代:鹵素、H2
N-、(C1
-C6
烷基)胺基-、二(C1
-C6
烷基)胺基-、(C1
-C6
烷基)C(O)N(C1
-C3
烷基)-、(C1
-C6
烷基)羰基醯胺基-、HC(O)NH-、H2
NC(O)-、(C1
-C6
烷基)NHC(O)-、二(C1
-C6
烷基)NC(O)-、-CN、羥基、C1
-C6
烷氧基-、C1
-C6
烷基-、HO2
C-、(C1
-C6
烷氧基)羰基-、C1
-C8
醯基-、C6
-C14
芳基-、C1
-C9
雜芳基-或C3
-C8
環烷基-。應瞭解,在所有上文所定義經取代之基團中,藉由定義自身具有其他取代基之取代基(例如,具有經取代之芳基作為取代基之經取代之芳基,該取代基自身被經取代之芳基(其進一步經經取代芳基等取代)所取代)獲得之聚合物均不欲包括在本文中。在此等情形中,此等取代之最大數量係3。舉例而言,具有兩個其他經取代之芳基之經取代芳基之系列取代限於經取代之芳基-(經取代之芳基)-經取代之芳基。
本發明化合物展現出5-HT6
調節活性且因此可用於治療患有中樞神經系統(CNS)疾病或病症之病患,其包含向該個體投與本文所述化合物、具體而言式I至IV化合物。
在另一實施例中,(CNS)疾病或病症係精神病、焦慮症、抑鬱症、癲癇、強迫症、偏頭痛、認知障礙、睡眠障礙、進食障礙、食慾減退、貪食症、暴食症、恐慌發作、由藥物濫用戒斷所致之病症、精神分裂症、胃腸道病症、刺激性腸症候群、記憶障礙、與阿茲海默氏症相關之認知功能障礙、帕金森氏症、亨庭頓氏舞蹈症、精神分裂症、注意力缺陷多動症、以神經元生長受損為特徵之神經變性疾病或疼痛。
本發明之另一實施例提供改良或穩定個體認知功能之方法,其包含向該個體投與本文所述化合物、具體而言式I至IV化合物或其互變異構體、立體異構體或醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在另一實施例中,穩定或改良了患有精神分裂症個體之認知功能。
對於治療用途而言,通常可應用標準習用技術將任一式I至IV之藥理活性化合物以醫藥組合物形式投與,該組合物包含至少一種作為基本活性成份之此化合物以及醫藥上可接受之固體或液體載劑及視情況醫藥上可接受之佐劑及賦形劑。
本發明之醫藥組合物包括用於經口、非經腸(包括皮下、肌內、皮內及靜脈內)、支氣管或鼻投與之適宜劑型。因此,若使用固體載劑,則製劑可製成錠劑、以粉末或小丸形式置於硬質明膠膠囊中或呈含錠或菱形錠劑形式。固體載劑可含有習用賦形劑,例如黏合劑、填充劑、用於製備錠劑之潤滑劑、崩解劑、潤濕劑及諸如此類。若需要,錠劑可為藉由習用技術塗覆之膜。若應用液體載劑,則製劑可呈糖漿、乳液、軟質明膠膠囊、注射用無菌媒劑、水性或非水性液體懸浮液之形式,或可為乾燥產品以供在使用前用水或其他適宜媒劑重構。液體製劑可含有習用添加劑,例如懸浮劑、乳化劑、潤濕劑、非水性媒劑(包括食用油)、防腐劑以及矯味劑及/或著色劑。對於非經腸投與而言,媒劑通常會包含無菌水(至少大部分),儘管可利用鹽水溶液、葡萄糖溶液及諸如此類。亦可使用可注射懸浮液,在此情形中可應用習用懸浮劑。亦可向非經腸劑型中添加習用防腐劑、緩衝劑及諸如此類。直接以非經腸調配物形式投與任一式I至IV化合物尤其有用。可藉由適於期望製劑之習用技術來製備醫藥組合物,該期望製劑含有適宜量活性成份,即,任一本發明式I至IV之化合物。參見(例如)Remington:The Science and Practice of Pharmacy
,第20版。Baltimore,MD:Lippincott Williams& Wilkins,2000。
可達成治療效果的任一式I至IV化合物之劑量將不僅取決於諸如病患之年齡、體重及性別與投與模式等因素,且亦取決於所期望鉀通道活化活性度及用於所涉及特定病症或疾病之特定化合物之效能。亦涵蓋可以單位劑型投與特定化合物之治療及劑量且熟習此項技術者可調整單位劑型以由此反映相對活性度。對於擬應用特定劑量及每日擬投與次數之確定係在醫生判斷之內,且可藉由根據本發明之特定環境實施劑量滴定來改變以產生期望治療效果。
患有或可能患有任一本文所述病況之哺乳動物(包括人類)的任一式I至IV化合物或其醫藥組合物之適宜劑量係約0.01mg/kg至10mg/kg體重之活性成份之量。對於非經腸投與而言,就靜脈內投與而言劑量範圍可為0.1mg/kg至1mg/kg體重。對於經口投與而言,劑量範圍可為約0.1mg/kg至5mg/kg體重。較佳地,可以1至4次/日等劑量投與活性成份。然而,通常投與小劑量,且逐漸增加劑量直至確定對於所治療主體之最佳劑量。
然而,應瞭解,該化合物之實際投與量將由醫生根據包括以下之相關情況來確定:擬治療之病況、所投與化合物之選擇、所選投與途徑、個體病患之年齡、體重及反應及病患症狀之嚴重程度。
本發明化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之量係可有效調節個體之5-HT6
活性之量。此外,可視情況採用活體外或活體內分析以幫助確定最佳劑量範圍。擬採用之準確劑量亦可端視投與途徑、病況、所治療病況之嚴重性以及與所治療個體有關之各種身體因素而定,且可根據衛生保健醫師之判斷來決定。可經多個不同時間段投與等效劑量,該等時間段包括(但不限於)約每隔2小時、約每隔6小時、約每隔8小時、約每隔12小時、約每隔24小時、約每隔36小時、約每隔48小時、約每隔72小時、約每隔1週、約每隔2週、約每隔3週、約每隔1個月及約每隔2個月。對應於完整療程之劑量之次數及頻率可根據衛生保健醫師之判斷來確定。本文所述有效劑量量係指所投與總量;即,若投與一種以上的本發明化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,則有效劑量量對應於所投與總量。
在一個實施例中,與另一治療劑同時投與本發明化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在一個實施例中,可投與包含有效量之本發明化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽及在相同組合物中的有效量之另一治療劑之組合物。
其他治療劑之有效量已為彼等熟習此項技術者所熟知。然而,確定其他治療劑之最佳有效量範圍必定在熟習此項技術者之範圍內。本發明化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽及其他治療劑可以加合方式或(在一個實施例中)以協同方式起作用。在本發明之一個實施例中,若向動物投與另一治療劑,則本發明化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之有效量小於不投與其他治療劑時其有效量。在該情形中,不受限於理論,據信本發明化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽及其他治療劑以協同方式起作用。
在本發明之另一態樣中,提供包括一或多種本發明化合物之套組。代表性套組包括本發明之5-HT6
抑制劑化合物(例如,式I至IV化合物)及包裝插頁或其他標簽(其包括藉由投與有效量之本發明化合物治療CNS疾病之說明)。
以下反應圖1中所展示之反應圖及根據反應圖之製備闡述用以合成本發明化合物之程序。為熟習此項技術者所明瞭之所述程序之合理變化意欲在本發明範圍內。
反應圖1闡述式I化合物及其中間體之製備。各步驟中之試劑包括:a. HNO3
、H2
SO4
b. NaOMe、MeOH c. NaNO2
、AcOH、H2
SO4
、CuBrd.Boc-哌、BINAP、Pd2
(dba)3
、Cs2
CO3
、甲苯.e. H2
/Pd-C10%、EtOH f. NaN3
、DMSO g. Boc-哌、Hunig鹼、DMSO h. R1
C(OEt)3
、蒙脫石KSF、甲苯i. R5
、R6
、R7
、R8
、R9
或R10
-取代之芳基-SO2
Cl、NaH、DMF j. TFA、CH2
Cl2
(當GP
=Boc時)k. R2
CHO、NaBH(OAc)3
、1,2-二氯乙烷1.雙(2-氯乙基)-烷基胺、NaHCO3
、1-丁醇,115℃。
可經由方法A或方法B製備化合物6。在方法A之實例中,根據文獻程序將N-(3-硝基苯基)乙醯胺硝化以得到2,3-二硝基苯胺(2)。隨後,用亞硝酸鈉及溴化銅將化合物2轉化為2,3-二硝基溴苯。使後一中間體與Boc-哌反應以得到期望產物3。使中間體3還原得到對應苯胺6。或者,可以兩個步驟自市售2,6-二氟硝基苯(作為一個實例)製備化合物6。
使化合物4與疊氮化鈉及Boc-哌反應得到中間體5。隨後將化合物5還原以形成產物6。可在文獻中所建立之不同條件下製備苯并咪唑核心7,例如在蒙脫石KSF及原甲酸三乙酯存在下於甲苯中加熱化合物6。可自化合物7與適宜的經取代之芳基碸反應製備碸中間體8。用適宜醛對化合物8實施去保護及隨後的還原胺化反應得到期望的式I化合物。或者,可自中間體10製備式I化合物,該中間體進而由中間體9與雙(2-氯乙基)烷基胺之反應產生。
熟習此項技術者可認識到反應圖1可經調適以產生式I至IV之其他化合物及本發明式I至IV化合物之醫藥上可接受之鹽。
本文使用以下縮寫且其具有所示定義:ACN係乙腈,AcOH係乙酸,BINAP係2,2'-雙(二苯基膦基)-1,1'-聯萘,且BOC係第三丁氧基羰基。CeliteTM
係經熔劑煆燒之矽藻土。CeliteTM
係World Minerals公司之注冊商標。DMF係N,N-二甲基甲醯胺且DMSO係二甲基亞碸。EDTA係乙二胺四乙酸,ESI與ES二者均代表電噴射離子化,EtOAc係乙酸乙酯,且EtOH係乙醇。[3
H]-LSD係經氚標記之麥角酸二乙基醯胺,Hunig鹼係二異丙基乙基胺,HPLC係高壓液相層析,MeCN係乙腈,MeOH係甲醇,且MS係質譜。NMR係核磁共振,PBS係磷酸鹽緩衝鹽水(pH 7.4),TFA係三氟乙酸,THF係四氫呋喃,TLC係薄層層析且TMS係四甲基矽烷。PVT WGA SPA係聚乙烯基甲苯胺(polyvinyltoluidene)麥胚凝集素閃爍親近分析。
合成方法
以下方法中之每一者對應于上文所展示之反應圖1,其中R1
係H,m係0,且GP
係Boc。藉由使用以下Onyx整體C18管柱(100×3.0mm)在Agilent HPLC及Hewlett-Packard質譜儀上實施LC質譜分析來表徵化合物及/或中間體:溶劑系統:10-100%乙腈(存於水中),流速:1.8mL/min,分子量範圍200-700。使用400MHz Varian NMR儀器(Palo Alto,CA)對各化合物實施核磁共振(NMR)分析。光譜參考物係TMS或已知化學位移之溶劑。一些化合物試樣在高溫(例如,75℃)下操作以促使試樣溶解性增加。
應瞭解,本發明有機化合物可展現互變異構現象。由於本說明書中化學結構僅可代表可能的互變異構體形式中之一種,因此應瞭解本發明涵蓋所繪示結構之任一互變異構體形式。
方法A:2,3-二硝基苯胺(2)之製備
可自N
-(2,3-二硝基苯基)乙醯胺製備2,3-二硝基苯胺,可進而自如以下反應圖中所述市售材料3-硝基乙醯胺製備N
-(2,3-二硝基苯基)乙醯胺:
A. N-(2,3-二硝基苯基)乙醯胺:
經20分鐘向在-3℃下冷卻的濃硫酸(216mL)與90%硝酸(發煙)(216mL)之攪拌混合物中逐份添加3-硝基乙醯苯胺(12.0g)。在-10℃下將混合物攪拌30分鐘。隨後經1小時將反應物升溫至室溫並傾倒至碎冰上(600mL)以得到黃色固體。藉由抽吸收集所得沉澱物。將所得固體溶解於沸騰乙醇(125mL)中並將該溶液靜置2小時。過濾所得淡黃色針狀物,用乙醇洗滌之並經空氣乾燥以得到期望產物(3.1g,21%)。參見Arnold T. Nielsen,Ronald L. Atkins,William P. Norris,Clifford L. Coon,Michael E. Sitzmann J. Org. Chem.;1980;45(12);2341-2347(以引用方式併入本文中)。化學式:C8
H7
N3
O5
分子量:225.16;MS(ES) m/z 226。
B.
2,3-二硝基苯胺
向N
-(2,3-二硝基苯基)乙醯胺(3.0g)存於甲醇(200mL)中之溶液中添加甲醇鈉(72mg)。於回流下將經攪拌溶液加熱3小時。向溶液(300mL)中添加水,並收集黃色固體沉澱物且將其乾燥以得到期望產物(2.27g,93%)。化學式:C6
H5
N3
O4
分子量:183.12;MS(ES)m/z 184。
4-(2,3-二硝基苯基)哌
-1-甲酸第三丁基酯(3)之製備
可根據以下反應圖製備化合物3:
1-溴-2,3-二硝基苯
向亞硝酸鈉(0.95g,13.8mmol)存於濃硫酸(7mL)中之經攪拌冷卻溶液中逐滴添加2,3-二硝基苯胺(2.27g,12.4mmol)存於35mL冰乙酸中之溶液,同時使反應溫度保持在15至20℃下。隨後經5分鐘時間向在75℃至80℃下加熱的溴化銅(1.85g,12.9mmol)存於HBr(48%)(10mL)與水(10mL)之混合物中之經攪拌溶液中添加所得重氮溶液。在添加後,將混合物冷卻至室溫並添加至水(500mL)中。自溶液濾出淡綠色粉末並將其在真空中於室溫下乾燥,得到期望產物1-溴-2,3-二硝基苯(3.0g,99%)。該產物不經進一步純化即用於隨後反應中。參見,Donald L. VivianJ. Org. Chem
. 1956,21,
1188。
化合物3
在回流下將1-溴-2,3-二硝基苯(1.0g,4.05mmol)、N-Boc-哌(0.90g,4.86mmol)、碳酸銫(1.58g,4.86mmol)、BINAP(0.113g,0.182mmol)及叁(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0.111g,0.121mmol)存於甲苯(12.0mL)中之混合物加熱4小時。蒸發甲苯并將殘餘物溶解於二氯甲烷(100mL)中,用水洗滌,經硫酸鈉乾燥,並過濾。蒸發二氯甲烷並在矽膠上使用己烷/乙酸乙酯(30-70% EtOAc)對殘餘物實施層析以得到期望產物3(0.37g,26%)。MS(ES) m/z 353。參見,Shashank Shekhar、Per Ryberg、John F. Hartwig、Jinu S. Mathew、Donna G. Blackmond、Eric R. Strieter及Stephen L. BuchwaldJ. Am. Chem. Soc.
2006128
,3584-3591(以引用方式併入本文中)。
自化合物(3)製備化合物4-(2,3-二胺基苯基)哌
-1-甲酸第三丁基酯(6)
方法A
將4-(2,3-二硝基苯基)哌-1-甲酸第三丁基酯(3)溶解於乙醇(8.0mL)中,並向該溶液中添加10% Pd-C(30mg)。在Parr裝置上於33psi下過夜完成該混合物之氫化。藉助CELITETM
過濾混合物並在矽膠管柱上使用二氯甲烷及乙酸乙酯(15-50% EtOAc)對其實施層析以生成呈淡褐色非晶形固體之期望產物(0.129g,79%);MS(ES) m/z 293。
4-(3-疊氮基-2-硝基苯基)哌
-1-甲酸第三丁基酯(5)之製備
可根據以下反應圖自化合物4製備化合物5:
1-疊氮基-3-氟-2-硝基苯之製備:
在室溫下向2,6-二氟硝基苯(2.0g,12.6mmol)存於DMSO(6.0mL)中之經攪拌溶液中添加疊氮化鈉(0.82g;12.6mmol)。在18小時後將溶液傾倒至200mL冰冷水中。收集沉澱物1-疊氮基-3-氟-2-硝基苯(2.26g;99%)並將其在真空下乾燥;1
H NMR(CDCl3
,400MHz)δ7.00(t,J
=8.8Hz,1H);7.07(d,J
=8.35Hz,1H);7.47(dt,J
=8.35,5.68Hz,1H)。MS(ES) m/z 182.1。
化合物5之製備
向1-疊氮基-3-氟-2-硝基苯(0.35g;1.9mmol)存於DMSO(2.0mL)中之溶液中添加Boc-哌(0.40mL;1.2當量)及N-Boc-哌(1.2當量)。在60℃下將溶液加熱6小時。當反應完成時,將溶液傾倒至水(50mL)中並萃取至乙酸乙酯中。將有機溶液經Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾,並在減壓下蒸發。在二氧化矽上使用二氯甲烷/甲醇對殘餘物實施層析。自乙醚及己烷結晶純化產物5;MS(ES)m/z 348.2。
自化合物(5)製備化合物4-(2,3-二胺基苯基)哌
-1-甲酸第三丁基酯(6)(方法B):
將化合物5(2.43g,6.98mmol)懸浮於甲醇(100mL)中並向該懸浮液中添加10% Pd-C(0.37g)。在Parr裝置上於33psi下經2小時完成該混合物之氫化。藉助CeliteTM
過濾混合物並在矽膠管柱上使用二氯甲烷及乙酸乙酯(15-50% EtOAc)對其實施層析以生成呈淡褐色非晶形固體之期望產物(1.97g,97%);MS(ES)m/z 293。
自化合物(6)製備第三丁基4-(2-甲基-1h-苯并[d]咪唑-4-基)哌
(7)之程序(方法C):
向苯二胺(6)中添加原甲酸三乙酯及甲苯,之後添加17mg蒙脫石KSF。在回流下將混合物加熱過夜。蒸發甲苯,並在二氧化矽上使用純乙酸乙酯對殘餘物實施層析以得到期望產物(7)。
自化合物7製備第三丁基4-(2-烷基-1-芳基磺醯基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-4-基)哌
(8)之一般程序
在0℃下向經取代或未經取代之第三丁基4-(2-烷基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-4-基)哌(7)存於5mL DMF中之混合物中添加氫化鈉(2.0當量)。在室溫下將所得懸浮液攪拌30分鐘,之後添加經取代或未經取代之芳基磺醯氯。在室溫下攪拌混合物直至反應如藉由LC/MS所示完成。將溶液傾倒至100mL H2
O中,並藉由抽吸過濾自溶液分離所得固體,並且在真空下將其乾燥。
自化合物8製備2-烷基-4-(4-烷基哌
-1-基)-1-(芳基磺醯基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑(I)之程序:
將化合物8溶解於二氯甲烷(CH2
Cl2
)中,之後添加過量TFA。在室溫下攪拌混合物直至反應如藉由LC/MS所示完成。在真空下移出溶劑並將其懸浮於二氯甲烷中,之後添加碳酸鈉鉀。經CeliteTM
墊過濾反應混合物並在真空下濃縮濾液以得到期望游離鹼產物。若R2
不為H,則向游離鹼材料存於二氯乙烷中之混合物中添加醛(1.20當量),之後添加三乙醯氧基硼氫化鈉(1.6當量)。將反應物攪拌過夜,蒸發溶劑,並藉由使用二氯甲烷/甲醇(5-20%)實施急驟層析來純化殘餘物。
自化合物(10)製備2-烷基-4-(4-烷基哌
-1-基)-1-(芳基磺醯基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑(I)之程序(方法D)
或者,可根據針對化合物8之製備所述一般程序自中間體10製備式I化合物。
製備化合物(10)之程序
攪拌4-胺基苯并咪唑、雙(氯乙基)烷基胺存於25mL 1-丁醇與碳酸氫鈉(3.0當量)中之混合物。在回流溫度(115℃油浴)下將混合物加熱過夜。將混合物冷卻,藉助CeliteTM
墊過濾並在真空下濃縮濾液。在矽膠管柱上純化粗制殘餘物以生成期望產物。亦參見提供於以下文獻中之合成方法:WO 2006/009734;Villemin等人,Synthetic Communications
199626(15)
,2895-2899;及Marcos等人,Tetrahedron
199147(35)
,7459-64(以引用方式併入本文中)。
根據上述方法製備以下實例化合物中之每一者。
實例1:4-(4-甲基哌
-1-基)-1-(萘-1-基磺醯基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑
如上文所述製備該化合物;MS(ES)m/z 407.15;1
H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d
)δppm 2.44(s,3H) 2.71-2.81(m,4H) 3.51-3.59(m,4H) 6.67(dd,J
=7.8,1.3Hz,1H) 7.15-7.25(m,1H) 7.56-7.65(m,2H) 7.65-7.70(m,1H) 7.89-7.94(m,1H) 8.12-8.17(m,J
=8.4Hz,1H) 8.49(dd,J
=7.5,1.3Hz,1H) 8.54(s,1H) 8.66(dd,J
=8.7,0.8Hz,2H)。
實例2:1-(萘-1-基磺醯基)-4-(哌
-1-基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑
如上文所述製備該化合物;MS(ES)m/z 393.13;1
H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d 6
)δppm 2.79-2.85(m,4H);3.29-3.33(m,4H);3.37-3.43(m,1H);6.61(dd,J
=7.8,1.0Hz,1H);7.07-7.18(m,2H);7.66-7.72(m,1H);7.74-7.84(m,2H);8.13(d,J
=7.6Hz,1H);8.41(d,J
=8.5Hz,1H);8.64(dd,J
=8.5,0.7Hz,1H);8.69(dd,J
=7.4,1.1Hz,1H);9.08(s,1H)。
實例3:1-(苯基磺醯基)-4-(哌
-1-基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑
如上文所述製備該化合物:MS(ES) m/z 343.12;1
H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d 6
)δppm 3.24-3.31(m,4H);3.63-3.70(m,4H);6.81(d,J
=7.8Hz,1H) 7.31(t,J
=8.1Hz,1H) 7.42(d,J
=7.6Hz,1H) 7.67(t,J
=7.8Hz,2H) 7.78(tt,J
=7.5,1.2Hz,1H) 8.11-8.16(m,2H) 8.77(br. s.,1H) 8.79(s,1H)。
實例4:2-甲基-1-(1-萘基磺醯基)-4-哌
-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑
如上文所述製備該化合物:MS(ES) m/z 407.0;1
H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d 6
)δppm 2.69(s,3H);2.79-2.90(m,4H);3.33-3.49(m,4H);3.56-3.63(m,1H);6.67(d,J
=7.8Hz,1H);7.16(t,J
=7.9Hz,1H);7.26(d,J
=8.1Hz,1H);7.69(dt,J
=12.6,6.6Hz,2H);7.76(t,J
=7.8Hz,1H);8.16(d,J
=7.1Hz,1H);8.24(d,J
=7.1Hz,1H);8.33(d,J
=7.8Hz,1H);8.41(d,J
=8.3Hz,1H)。
實例5:2-甲基-1-(苯基磺醯基)-4-哌
-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑
如上文所述製備該化合物:MS(ES) m/z 357.0;1
H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d 6
)δppm 2.78(s,3H);2.81-2.86(m,4H);3.27-3.33(m,5H);6.67(d,J
=8.1Hz,1H);7.19(t,J
=8.2Hz,1H);7.39(d,J
=8.1Hz,1H);7.65(t,J
=7.9Hz,2H);7.77(t,J
=7.4Hz,1H);8.04(d,J
=7.6Hz,2H)。
實例6:2-乙基-1-(苯基磺醯基)-4-哌
-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑
如上文所述製備該化合物:MS(ES)m/z 371.1;1
H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d 6
)δppm 1.30(t,J
=7.3Hz,3H);2.78-2.84(m,4H);3.13(q,J
=7.3Hz,2H);3.22-3.31(m,5H);6.63(d,J
=7.3Hz,1H);7.14(t,J
=8.2Hz,1H);7.35(dd,J
=8.1,0.7Hz,1H);7.56-7.62(m,2H);7.69-7.74(m,1H);7.94-7.97(m,2H)。
實例7:4-(4-乙基哌
-1-基)-1-(苯基磺醯基)-1H-苯并咪唑
如上文所述製備該化合物:MS(ES)m/z 371.1;1
H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d 6
)δppm 1.27(t,J
=7.3Hz,3H);3.09-3.25(m,5H);3.57(d,J
=11.0 Hz,2H);4.34(d,J
=11.2Hz,2H);6.82(d,J
=7.6Hz,1H);7.31(t,J
=8.1Hz,1H);7.43(d,J
=7.8Hz,1H);7.67(t,J
=7.8Hz,2H);7.76-7.81(m,1H);8.12-8.16(m,J
=7.3Hz,2H);8.80(s,1H);10.22(s,1H)。
實例8:2-丁基-1-(苯基磺醯基)-4-哌
-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑
如上文所述製備該化合物:MS(ES)m/z 399.1;1
H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d 6
)δppm 0.92(t,J
=7.4Hz,3H);1.36-1.48(m,2H);1.71-1.82(m,2H);2.81-2.87(m,2H);3.14(t,J
=7.4Hz,2H);3.21-3.26(m,2H);3.33-3.39(m,5H);6.67(d,J
=8.3Hz,1H);7.15-7.21(m,1H);7.36-7.41(m,1H);7.61-7.67(m,J
=7.8,7.8Hz,2H);7.73-7.79(m,1H);7.96-8.00(m,2H)。
實例9:2-甲基-4-(4-甲基哌
-1-基)-1-(1-萘基磺醯基)-1H-苯并咪坐
如上文所述製備該化合物:MS m/z 421.1;1
H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d 6
)δppm 2.21(s,3H);2.44-2.49(m,4H);2.69(s,3H);3.37-3.44(m,4H);6.69(dd,J
=8.1,0.7Hz,1H);7.16(t,J
=8.1Hz,1H);7.27(dd,J
=8.3,0.7Hz,1H);7.66-7.73(m,2H);7.74-7.79(m,1H);8.14-8.18(m,1H);8.25(dd,J
=7.6,1.0Hz,1H);8.31-8.34(m,J
=7.8Hz,1H);8.41(d,J
=8.3Hz,1H)。
實例10:1-[(4-氯苯基)磺醯基]-4-哌
-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑
如上文所述製備該化合物:MS(ES) m/z 377.1;1
H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d 6
)δppm 2.82-2.87(m,4H);3.33-3.37(m,5H);6.70(dd,J
=7.7,1.1Hz,1H);7.25(t,J
=7.9Hz,1H);7.28-7.31(m,1H);7.74(dt,J
=9.2,2.5Hz,2H);8.14(dt,J
=9.1,2.5Hz,2H);8.70(s,1H)。
實例11:1-[(2-氯苯基)磺醯基]-4-哌
-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑
如上文所述製備該化合物:MS(ES) m/z 377.1;1
H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d 6
)δppm 2.84-2.90(m,4H);3.35-3.44(m,5H);6.69(d,J
=8.1Hz,1H);6.97(d,J
=8.1Hz,1H);7.17(t,J
=8.1Hz,1H);7.68-7.75(m,2H);7.77-7.84(m,1H);8.46(dd,J
=7.8,1.2Hz,1H);8.75(s,1H)。
實例12:4-(4-甲基哌
-1-基)-1-(苯基磺醯基)-1H-苯并咪唑
如上文所述製備該化合物:MS(ES) m/z 357.1;1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d
)δppm 2.37(s,3H) 2.63-2.69(m,4H) 3.50-3.57(m,4H) 6.72(dd,J
=8.1,0.9Hz,1H) 7.24-7.30(m,1H) 7.42(dd,J
=8.3,0.9Hz,1H) 7.47-7.54(m,2H) 7.62(tt,J
=7.4,1.2Hz,1H) 7.95-8.00(m,2H) 8.29(s,1H)。
生物學分析
5-HT
6
結合親和性
將以10個細胞堆疊黏附生長的表現血清素5-HT6
受體亞型(純系50-7)之CHO-Dukx-A2細胞分離,並使用習用細胞收穫方案將其收穫於含有5mM EDTA之PBS緩衝液中,之後以2000rpm離心10min(丟棄上清液),或藉由Applied Cell Sciences(Rockville,MD)以濕細胞沉澱形式提供。用充足的含有MgCl2
及CaCl2
之PBS緩衝液(GIBCO 14040-133)輕輕地使沉澱再懸浮以達成約40×106
個細胞/ml之最終濃度。將細胞懸浮液等分至微量離心管中,以2000rpm離心10min,丟棄上清液並將其作為乾燥沉澱在-80℃下儲存。使用牛血漿γ球蛋白作為標準量測混合有200μl稀釋Bradford試劑之5μl裂解物中之蛋白質。
使用96孔微量滴定板格式(Packard Optiplate)以200μl總體積實施結合實驗。在分析日,將細胞解凍並用充足的分析緩衝液(即含有MgCl2
及CaCl2
之PBS(GIBCO 14040-133),用額外MgCl2
補充以達成10mM之最終濃度)使其再懸浮以達成40至80μg或100至200K個細胞/孔。將存於含3.3% DMSO之水中之20μl 10×測試化合物、3nM[3
H]-LSD(GE,SA:80Ci/mmol)、細胞及分析緩衝液合併至微量滴定板之各孔中以達成150μl之體積。用分析緩衝液及10μM冷美賽西平(methiothepin)替換單獨孔中之測試化合物以分別界定「總」及「非特異性」結合。藉由添加混合於分析緩衝液中之50μl 10mg/ml PVT WGA SPA珠(RPNQ0060,Amersham GE Healthcare)以達成1mg/孔之最終濃度來起始培育期。將各板密封並在室溫下使用回轉式振盪器(設定為1.5)輕輕振盪直至達成平衡(2至6小時)。藉由Packard TopCount(1min計數時間/孔)量測放射性(CPM)。
將特異性結合闡述為結合放射性總量減去在10μM美賽西平存在下之結合量,後者稱作非特異性結合(NSB)。將不同濃度測試化合物存在下之結合表示為不存在化合物時特異性結合之百分比。
{(結合量-NSB)/(總量-NSB)}×100=%總量
在GraphPad Prism,XL Fit或等效軟體中實施10個濃度之%結合數據之回歸分析。使用4參數邏輯斯蒂(logistic)曲線擬合模型計算IC50
值並藉由以下Cheng-Prusoff方程計算Ki值:
Ki=IC50
/(1+L/Kd)
其中L係所用放射性配位基之nM濃度且Kd係該配位基對受體之離解常數。在SPA結合格式中,[3
H]-LSD之Kd係約3nM。
參照以下實例,使用本文所述方法或業內已知的其他方法合成本發明化合物。如上文所述製備表1中之化合物並根據以上生物學分析篩選其5-HT6
結合活性。
在本申請案全文中參考了多個公開案。該等公開案之全部揭示內容以引用方式併入本申請案中以更全面地闡述截止到本文所闡述及主張本發明時為彼等熟習此項技術者所熟知的技術狀態。
儘管已闡釋並闡述了本發明之特定實施例,但對彼等熟習此項技術者而言應顯而易見,可做出各種其他改變及修改,此並不背離本發明精神及範圍。因此,在隨附專利申請範圍中意欲涵蓋在本發明範圍內之所有此等改變及修改。
Claims (6)
- 一種化合物,其為:2-甲基-1-(1-萘基磺醯基)-4-哌-1-基-1H-苯并咪唑或醫藥上可接受之鹽。
- 一種組合物,其包含如請求項1之化合物及醫藥上可接受之載劑。
- 一種如請求項1之化合物之用途,其係用以製備用於治療與5-HT6 有關之病症之醫藥。
- 如請求項3之用途,其中該與5-HT6 有關之病症係中樞神經系統(CNS)疾病或病症,選自精神病、焦慮症、抑鬱症、癲癇、強迫症、偏頭痛、認知障礙、睡眠障礙、進食障礙、食慾減退、肥胖症、貪食症、暴食症、恐慌發作、由藥物濫用戒斷所致之病症、與精神分裂症相關之認知缺損、胃腸道病症、刺激性腸症候群、記憶障礙、阿茲海默氏症(Alzheimer's disease)、帕金森氏症(Parkinson's disease)、亨庭頓氏舞蹈症(Huntington's chorea)、精神分裂症、注意力缺陷多動症、以神經元生長受損為特徵之神經變性疾病及疼痛。
- 如請求項4之用途,其中該與5-HT6 有關之病症係選自抑鬱症、認知障礙、與精神分裂症相關之認知缺損、記憶障礙、與阿茲海默氏症相關之認知功能障礙及疼痛。
- 如請求項4之用途,其中該與5-HT6 有關之病症係阿茲海默氏症。
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AU2005329423A1 (en) * | 2004-09-20 | 2006-09-28 | Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Heterocyclic derivatives and their use as stearoyl-CoA desaturase inhibitors |
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CN104557726B (zh) * | 2013-10-19 | 2019-05-24 | 广东东阳光药业有限公司 | 芳杂环类衍生物及其在药物上的应用 |
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WO2017052394A1 (en) | 2015-09-23 | 2017-03-30 | Uniwersytet Jagielloński | Imidazopyridine compounds and their use as 5-ht6 receptor ligands |
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