TWI479685B - 垂直式發光二極體晶粒及其製作方法 - Google Patents
垂直式發光二極體晶粒及其製作方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI479685B TWI479685B TW101123435A TW101123435A TWI479685B TW I479685 B TWI479685 B TW I479685B TW 101123435 A TW101123435 A TW 101123435A TW 101123435 A TW101123435 A TW 101123435A TW I479685 B TWI479685 B TW I479685B
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 115
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 115
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 39
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- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
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- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000927 vapour-phase epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 4
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- RNQKDQAVIXDKAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum gallium Chemical compound [Al].[Ga] RNQKDQAVIXDKAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001451 molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 2
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- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003486 chemical etching Methods 0.000 description 1
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- RYTYSMSQNNBZDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt copper Chemical compound [Co].[Cu] RYTYSMSQNNBZDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
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- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 1
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- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/04—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a quantum effect structure or superlattice, e.g. tunnel junction
- H01L33/06—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a quantum effect structure or superlattice, e.g. tunnel junction within the light emitting region, e.g. quantum confinement structure or tunnel barrier
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- H01L33/04—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a quantum effect structure or superlattice, e.g. tunnel junction
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- H01L33/30—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table
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- H01L2224/48464—Connecting portions the connecting portion on the bonding area of the semiconductor or solid-state body being a ball bond the other connecting portion not on the bonding area also being a ball bond, i.e. ball-to-ball
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Description
本發明係關於光電元件的技術,特別係關於一種垂直式發光二極體(VLED)晶粒及其製作方法。
在以發光二極體(LED)為例的光電系統中,其可包含一或多個裝設於基板上的發光二極體晶粒。發光二極體晶粒具有多種類型,其一為垂直式發光二極體(VLED)晶粒,包含以複合物半導體材料組成的多層半導體基板,例如氮化鎵(GaN)。該半導體基板可包含具有p型摻雜物的p型侷限層、具有n型摻雜物的n型侷限層、以及一用以發光的多重量子井(MQW)層位於該等侷限層之間。
本發明主要針對一種垂直式發光二極體晶粒及製作該垂直式發光二極體晶粒的方法。該垂直式發光二極體晶粒可用以構成具有極佳熱及電特性的發光二極體。
根據本發明的一方面,一實施例提供一種垂直式發光二極體(VLED)晶粒,其包含:一第一金屬,具有一第一表面及一相對側的第二表面;一第二金屬,位於該第一金屬的該第二表面之上;以及一位於該第一金屬之上的磊晶堆疊。該第一金屬及該第二金屬形成一階梯狀結構,用以保護該磊晶堆疊。該磊晶堆疊包含一第一型半導體層,位於該第一金屬的該第一表面之上;一用以發光的多重量子井
(MQW)層,位於該第一型半導體層之上;及一第二型半導體層,位於該多重量子井(MQW)層之上。其中,該第一型半導體層可包含一p型半導體層,例如p型氮化鎵(p-GaN),且該第二型半導體層可包含一n型半導體層,例如n型氮化鎵(n-GaN)。
根據本發明的另一方面,另一實施例提供一種發光二極體結構的製作方法,其包含以下步驟:提供一承載基板;形成一磊晶堆疊於該承載基板上;形成複數個第一凹槽,其形成十字形的圖案且貫穿該磊晶堆疊及該承載基板,以定義出該承載基板之上的複數個晶粒;形成一種子層於該磊晶堆疊之上及該等凹槽之內;形成一反射層於該種子層之上;形成一具有第一面積的第一金屬於該種子層之上;形成一具有第二面積的第二金屬於該第一金屬之上,且該第二面積小於該第一面積;移除該承載基板;形成複數個第二凹槽,其貫穿該磊晶堆疊而至該種子層;以及將該等晶粒分開成複數個垂直式發光二極體(VLED)晶粒。
為使 貴審查委員能對本發明之特徵、目的及功能有更進一步的認知與瞭解,茲配合圖式詳細說明本發明之實施例如後。
在各個實施例的說明中,當一元素被描述是在另一元素之「上方/上」或「下方/下」,係指「直接地」或「間接地」在該另一元素之上或之下的情況,其可包含設置於其間的其他元素。「上方/上」或「下方/下」等的描述係以圖
式為基準進行說明,但亦包含其他可能的方向轉變。在所有的說明書及圖示中,將採用相同的元件編號以指定相同或類似的元件。為了說明上的便利和明確,圖式中各元素的厚度或尺寸,係以誇張或省略或概略的方式表示,且各元素的尺寸並未完全為其實際的尺寸。
圖1A至1C為根據本發明實施例的垂直式發光二極體(VLED)晶粒10之結構示意圖;其中,圖1A為其剖面視圖,圖1B為其上視平面圖,圖1C為其下視平面圖。如圖1A至1C所示,該垂直式發光二極體晶粒10包含一第一金屬12、一第二金屬14、一p型半導體層16、一多重量子井(MQW)層18、及一n型半導體層20;其中,該p型半導體層16位於該第一金屬12之上,該多重量子井層18位於該p型半導體層16之上,且該n型半導體層20位於該多重量子井層18之上。該垂直式發光二極體晶粒10亦包含一種子層22及一反射層24;其中,該種子層22位於該第一金屬12之上,且該反射層24位於該種子層22之上。
該p型半導體層16的較佳材料可包含p型氮化鎵(p-GaN);其他適用於該p型半導體層16的材料亦包含氮化鋁鎵(AlGaN)、氮化銦鎵(InGaN)、或氮化銦鎵鋁(AlInGaN)。該n型半導體層20的較佳材料可包含n型氮化鎵(n-GaN);其他適用於該n型半導體層20的材料亦包含氮化鋁鎵(AlGaN)、氮化銦鎵(InGaN)、或氮化銦鎵鋁(AlInGaN)。該多重量子井層18可包含一半導體材料(例如,砷化鎵(GaAs)),其夾置於兩層的另一半導體材料(例如,具有較寬能帶間隙的砷化鋁(AlAs))之間。
該第一金屬12包含互相對側的第一表面26及第二表面28。該反射層24形成於該第一表面26之上,且該第二金屬14形成於該第二表面28之上。如圖1B所示,該第一金屬12具有一大體上(generally)正方形(具有四個等邊)的周邊輪廓;或者是該第一金屬12可具有任何合適的多邊形周邊輪廓(例如,矩形或三角形)或圓形輪廓。此外,該第一金屬12的厚度及各側邊寬度分別為d1及W1。該第一金屬12的代表性厚度(d1)範圍為1μm至500μm;該第一金屬12的代表性寬度(W1)範圍為1μm至10000μm。倘若該第一金屬12為圓形的輪廓,則上述的寬度(W1)可相當於該圓形的直徑(D)。該第一金屬12的代表性面積範圍可為1μm2
至10000μm2
。
該第一金屬12可包含單金屬層或至少二金屬層的堆疊,並使用合適的沉積製程來製作。此外,該第一金屬12可選用具有高導電性及高導熱性的組成材料,其合適的材料包含銅(Cu)、鎳(Ni)、銀(Ag)、金(Au)、鈷(Co)、銅-鈷(Cu-Co)、鎳-鈷(Ni-Co)、銅-鉬(Cu-Mo)、鎳/銅(Ni/Cu)、鎳/銅-鉬(Ni/Cu-Mo)、或上述金屬的合金。適用於製作該第一金屬12的沉積製程包含電式沉積法(electro-deposition)、無電式沉積法(electroless-deposition)、化學氣相沉積法(CVD)、電漿增強型化學氣相沉積法(PECVD)、物理氣相沉積法(PVD)、蒸鍍法、及電漿噴塗法等。
如圖1C所示,該第二金屬14具有一大體上正方形(具有四個等邊)的周邊輪廓,中心對稱地設置於該第一金屬12之上。或者是,該第二金屬14可具有任何合適的多邊形周
邊輪廓(例如,矩形或三角形),並偏移地設置於該第一金屬12之上。又或者是,該第一金屬12及該第二金屬14可互為同心圓的圓形周邊輪廓。此外,該第二金屬14的厚度及各側邊寬度分別為d2及W2。該第一金屬12的代表性厚度(d2)範圍為1μm至500μm;該第一金屬12的代表性寬度(W1)範圍為0.5μm至9999μm。該第二金屬14的最大寬度(W2)及面積會隨著該第一金屬12的最大寬度(W1)及面積而變動,但小於該第一金屬12的最大寬度(W1)及面積。換言之,該第一金屬12的最大寬度(W1)及面積分別大於該第二金屬14的最大寬度(W2)及面積。藉此,該第一金屬12及該第二金屬14可形成一階梯狀保護結構。該第一金屬12的面積在申請專利範圍(claim)中稱為「第一面積」,而該第二金屬14的面積在申請專利範圍(claim)中稱為「第二面積」。
該第二金屬14可包含單金屬層或至少二金屬層的堆疊,並使用合適的沉積製程來製作。此外,該第二金屬14可選用具有高導電性及高導熱性的組成材料,其合適的材料包含銅(Cu)、鎳(Ni)、銀(Ag)、金(Au)、鈷(Co)、銅-鈷(Cu-Co)、鎳-鈷(Ni-Co)、銅-鉬(Cu-Mo)、鎳/銅(Ni/Cu)、鎳/銅-鉬(Ni/Cu-Mo)、或上述金屬的合金。適用於製作該第二金屬14的沉積製程包含電式沉積法(electro-deposition)、無電式沉積法(electroless-deposition)、化學氣相沉積法(CVD)、電漿增強型化學氣相沉積法(PECVD)、物理氣相沉積法(PVD)、蒸鍍法、及電漿噴塗法等。
該種子層22可包含一使用合適沉積製程(例如,電式沉積法或無電式沉積法)製作的金屬覆蓋層。該種子層22用以幫助該第一金屬12及該第二金屬14於上述沉積製程的製作,例如,電鍍法或無電式鍍層法;此將詳述於後。此外,該種子層22可包含單金屬層或金屬堆疊,其合適的材料包含Ta/Cu、Ta/TaN/Cu、TaN/Cu、Ti/TaN/Cu、Ta/TiN/Cu、Ti/Cu、Ti/Tn/Cu、TiN/Cu、Cr/Au、Cr/Au/Ni/Au、Cr/Au/Ti/Ni/Au、Ti/Au、及Ti/Ni/Au。該反射層24亦可包含單金屬層或金屬堆疊,其合適的材料包含Ag/Ti/Au、Ag/TiN/Cu、Ag/Ta/Au、Ag/W/Au、Ag/TaN/Cu、Ag/Ni/Au、Al/Ta/Au、Al/TaN/Cu、Ni/Ag、Ni/Al、及Ni/Ag/Ni/Au。
該p型半導體層16、該多重量子井層18、及該n型半導體層20共同形成一磊晶堆疊30,其厚度為d且位於該種子層22之上。在該磊晶堆疊30中,該p型半導體層16及該n型半導體層20的功能為侷限層,而該多重量子井層18的功能為發光層。
該磊晶堆疊30可使用合適的沉積製程而形成於該反射層24之上,例如,氣相磊晶法(VPE)、分子束磊晶法(MBE)、或液相磊晶法(LPE)。該磊晶堆疊30的代表性厚度(d)範圍可為1μm至50μm。此外,該磊晶堆疊30具有四個傾斜的側牆32,該等側牆32與該種子層22表面形成一角度A;其中,該種子層22的表面平行於該第一金屬12的該第一表面26。該角度A大於90度,且其代表性角度(A)範圍可為100度至145度。此外,該磊晶堆疊30的形狀大體上為角錐形或金字塔形,並具有一平的頂端部(而非
一般角錐物具有尖的頂端部)。此外,該反射層24的面積及最大寬度可分別小於該p型半導體層16的面積及最大寬度。
該磊晶堆疊30可具有該p型半導體層16所形成的四邊基部(其寬度為W3)及該n型半導體層20所形成的四邊頂端部(其寬度為W4)。該n型半導體層20的最大寬度W4小於該p型半導體層16的最大寬度W3。此外,該磊晶堆疊30的頂端部(即該n型半導體層20的頂端面)面積小於該磊晶堆疊30的基部(即該p型半導體層16的底面)面積。換言之,該磊晶堆疊30的截面積自基部至頂端部而漸減。除了角錐形的形狀之外,該磊晶堆疊30亦可大體上為圓錐型的形狀,其頂端部是平的,且其頂端部及基部皆為圓形。或者是,該磊晶堆疊30亦可形成長型角錐形的形狀,其基部為長方形。
圖2為包含複數個垂直式發光二極體晶粒的發光二極體系統之剖面視圖。請參照圖2,一發光二極體(LED)34包含一基板36、該垂直式發光二極體(VLED)晶粒10、及一保護層40;其中,該垂直式發光二極體晶粒10裝設於該基板36之上,該保護層40為電性絕緣且透光的材質,並密封該垂直式發光二極體晶粒10。在圖2中,該發光二極體34只有一個垂直式發光二極體晶粒10裝設於該基板36上;但依據實際的應用,該發光二極體34可包含複數個垂直式發光二極體晶粒10裝設於該基板36上,並設置成所需要的陣列型式,以形成例如發光二極體(LED)顯示器的光電元件。該基板36的材質可包含半導體材料,例如,
矽、砷化鎵(GaAs)、碳化矽(SiC)、氮化鋁(AlN)、氧化鋁(Al2
O3
)、或藍寶石(sapphire)等。該基板36可包含一腔體46及一背側48;其中,該腔體46用以裝設該垂直式發光二極體晶粒10於其中。一導電的晶粒黏接層(未圖示)可用以將該垂直式發光二極體晶粒10黏貼於該基板36。
如圖2所示,一導線38將該n型半導體層20電性連接至該基板36上的n電極42。此外,該第一金屬12及該第二金屬14可將該p型半導體層16電性連接至該基板36上的p電極44。該第一金屬12及該第二金屬14亦可提供該垂直式發光二極體晶粒10至該基板36的散熱路徑。該第一金屬12及該第二金屬14構成的階梯狀結構可進一步增強上述散熱路徑的散熱效果。此外,該第一金屬12大於該第二金屬14之結構具有保護的功能,可防止晶粒黏接材料(例如,銀膠或焊錫)溢出而接觸到該磊晶堆疊30。
請參照圖3A至3K,其為該垂直式發光二極體(VLED)晶粒10製作方法的步驟示意圖。首先,如圖3A所示,提供一承載基板50。該承載基板50可以是晶圓的形式,其材質可為例如藍寶石、碳化矽(SiC)、矽、鍺(Ge)、氧化鋅(ZnO)、或砷化鎵(GaAs)。在本實施例中,該承載基板50為藍寶石基板。
如圖3A所示,可使用合適的沉積製程而形成一多層磊晶結構52A於該承載基板50上,例如,氣相磊晶法(VPE)、分子束磊晶法(MBE)、或液相磊晶法(LPE)。該多層磊晶結構52A可包含一n型層54、至少一量子井層56、及一p型層58。在本實施例中,該n型層54包含n型氮
化鎵(n-GaN)且該p型層58包含p型氮化鎵(p-GaN)。除了氮化鎵之外,該n型層54及該p型層58亦可包含其他各種的複合物半導體層材料,例如,氮化鋁鎵(AlGaN)、氮化銦鎵(InGaN)、或氮化銦鎵鋁(AlInGaN)。該等量子井層56的材質可為合適的材料,例如,砷化鎵(GaAs)層,其夾置於兩層的另一材料(例如,具有較寬能帶間隙的砷化鋁(AlAs))之間。
接著如圖3B所示,可使用合適的製程來形成貫穿該多層磊晶結構52A的凹槽62,該等凹槽62的底端可在該承載基板50上,或是延伸入該承載基板50一小段距離。該等凹槽62可形成十字形圖案,類似傳統半導體製程的晶粒之間的分隔道,使得複數個晶粒60可被界定出,並用以分開該磊晶堆疊52。上述的合適製程可包含藉由硬式遮罩(hard mask)的乾式蝕刻法。此外,雷射切割法、刀鋸切割法、鑽石切割法、溼式蝕刻法、及沖水法(water jetting)亦為其他合適的製程。在本凹槽製作步驟之後,該等晶粒60可以液體或溶劑清洗,藉以去除該蝕刻遮罩或其他的保護塗層。該等凹槽62的寬度w範圍約為0.1μm至300μm。
此外,如圖3B所示,可使用合適的製程以於該p型層58之上形成一反射層66,其功能為反射器或反射鏡以反射該垂直式發光二極體晶粒10的發光。舉例而言,該反射層66可包含多層金屬,例如,Ni/Ag/Ni/Au、Ag/Ni/Au、Ti/Ag/Ni/Au、Ag/Pt、Ag/Pd、或Ag/Cr,其可藉由沉積含有銀(Ag)、金(Au)、鉻(Cr)、鉑(Pt)、鉛(Pd)、或鋁(Al)的合金而形成。該反射層(反射鏡)66的厚度可小於約1.0μm。
該反射層66的高溫退火或合金化可用來改善其接觸電阻及其對於該p型層58的黏著性。例如,上述的退火或合金化製程可在至少150℃的溫度及惰性的環境(例如,含少量或完全無氧、氫、或氧氫皆無的氣體環境)下進行。
接著如圖3C所示,一種子層72可使用電鍍法或無電式鍍層法而形成於該反射層66上以及該等凹槽62的側牆上。該種子層72可包含單一層或多層堆疊,例如,Ta/Cu、Ta/TaN/Cu、TaN/Cu、Ti/TaN/Cu、Ta/TiN/Cu、Ti/Cu、Ti/Tn/Cu、TiN/Cu、Ti/Cu、Ti/Tn/Cu、TiN/Cu、Cr/Au、Cr/Au/Ni/Au、Cr/Au/Ti/Ni/Au、Ti/Au、Ti/Ni/Au、Ni/Au、或Ni/Cu。該反射層66亦可形成一覆蓋層,其亦可具有種子層的功能。在本實施例中,該反射層66可包含單一層或多層堆疊,例如,Ag/Ti/Au、Ag/TiN/Cu、Ag/Ta/Au、Ag/W/Au、Ag/TaN/Cu、Al/Ta/Au、Al/TaN/Cu、Ni/Ag、Ni/Al、或Ni/Ag/Ni/Au。
接著如圖3D及3E所示,一厚度d1的第一金屬層74沉積於該種子層72上,且一厚度d2的第二金屬層76沉積於該第一金屬層74上。該第一金屬層74將形成如圖1A之該第一金屬12,且該第二金屬層76將形成如圖1A之該第二金屬14。該第一金屬層74可使用合適的沉積製程來製作,例如,電式沉積法(electro-deposition)或無電式沉積法(electroless-deposition),以達到所需的厚度d1。該第一金屬層74的代表性厚度(d1)範圍為1μm至500μm。類似地,該第二金屬層76可使用合適的沉積製程來製作,例如,電式沉積法或無電式沉積法,以達到所需的厚度d2。
該第二金屬層76的代表性厚度(d2)範圍為1μm至500μm。該第一金屬層74及該第二金屬層76可包含單層的金屬(例如,銅(Cu)、鎳(Ni)、銀(Ag)、金(Au)、或鈷(Co))、金屬合金(例如,銅-鈷(Cu-Co)或銅-鉬(Cu-Mo))、或金屬層堆疊(例如,鎳/銅(Ni/Cu)或鎳/銅-鉬(Ni/Cu-Mo))。其他適用於製作該第一金屬層74及該第二金屬層76的沉積製程包含化學氣相沉積法(CVD)、電漿增強型化學氣相沉積法(PECVD)、物理氣相沉積法(PVD)、蒸鍍法、及電漿噴塗法等。
接著如圖3E所示,該第二金屬層76可使用合適的製程加以圖案化,例如,對原本沉積的層膜進行蝕刻(例如,減法製程)或藉由遮罩的圖案化沉積(例如,加法製程),以定義出該第二金屬14的形狀。該第二金屬層76的圖案化製程將使得該第二金屬14的面積及寬度W2分別小於該第一金屬12的面積及寬度W1。此外,一或多個額外的金屬層(例如,Cr/Au、Ni或Ni/Au,未圖示)可形成於該第二金屬層76上以及該第一金屬層74的外露面上,藉以防止氧化與腐蝕。
接著如圖3F所示,該承載基板50可使用合適的製程而自該n型層54上移除,例如,脈衝式雷射照射法、蝕刻法、或化學機械平坦化製程(Chemical Mechanical planarization,CMP)。
接著如圖3G所示,一硬式遮罩78可形成於該承載基板50移除後的該n型層54表面上。該硬式遮罩78可包含例如氧化矽(SiO2
)或氮化矽(Si3
N4
)的沉積材料。該硬式遮罩78亦可包含有機聚合物材料,例如,環氧化物(epoxy)、聚
亞醯氨(polyimide)、熱塑材料或溶膠-凝膠(sol-gel)材料。該硬式遮罩78亦可採用光敏有機材料,例如,SU-8、NR-7、或AZ5214E。或者是,該硬式遮罩78可包含無機材料,例如,氧化矽(SiO2
)、氧化鋅(ZnO)、氧化鉭(Ta2
O5
)、氧化鈦(TiO2
)、氧化鉿(HfO)、或氧化鎂(MgO)。
接著如圖3H所示,該硬式遮罩78可用以蝕刻出複數個凹槽80,其貫穿該磊晶堆疊52而至該種子層72。所使用的蝕刻製程可包含乾式蝕刻(ICP RIE)、溼式化學蝕刻、或光增強式化學蝕刻。此外,鄰近該n型層54表面的該等凹槽80尺寸可大於鄰近該p型層58表面的該等凹槽80尺寸。換言之,該等凹槽80的尺寸隨著其深度的增加而減小。該等凹槽80的傾斜度加上90度將會等於如圖1A所示之該垂直式發光二極體晶粒10的該磊晶堆疊的角度A。
接著如圖3I所示,該硬式遮罩78可使用合適的溶劑或使用合適的乾式或溼式蝕刻製程而移除。
接著如圖3J所示,可進行晶粒分割製程,以將該等晶粒60分割成個別的垂直式發光二極體(VLED)10。此分割製程可使用合適的製作方法,例如,雷射切割法、刀鋸切割法、折斷法(breaking)、空氣刀法(air knifing)、或沖水法(water jetting)。此外,一或多個抗氧化層(未圖示)可使用合適的製作方法而鋪塗於特定的表面(例如,邊側區),例如,使用沖水法溶液的鍍膜法。
如圖3K所示,各個垂直式發光二極體(VLED)10包含一第一金屬12、一第二金屬14、一p型半導體層16、一多重量子井(MQW)層18、及一n型半導體層20;其中,部
分的該第一金屬層74形成該第一金屬12(如圖3J所示);部分的該第二金屬層76形成該第二金屬14(如圖3J所示);部分的該p型層58形成該p型半導體層16(如圖3J所示);部分的該多重量子井層58形成該多重量子井(MQW)層18(如圖3J所示);且部分的該n型層54形成該n型半導體層20(如圖3J所示)。各個垂直式發光二極體(VLED)10亦包含一種子層22及一反射層24;其中,部分的該種子層72形成該種子層22(如圖3J所示),且部分的該反射層66形成該反射層24(如圖3J所示)。
以上所描述者即為本發明實施例之垂直式發光二極體(VLED)晶粒及其製作方法。唯以上所述者,僅為本發明之較佳實施例,當不能以之限制本發明的範圍。即大凡依本發明申請專利範圍所做之均等變化及修飾,仍將不失本發明之要義所在,亦不脫離本發明之精神和範圍,故都應視為本發明的進一步實施狀況。
10‧‧‧垂直式發光二極體晶粒
12‧‧‧第一金屬
14‧‧‧第二金屬
16‧‧‧p型半導體層
18‧‧‧多重量子井層
20‧‧‧n型半導體層
22‧‧‧種子層
24‧‧‧反射層
30/52‧‧‧磊晶堆疊
34‧‧‧發光二極體
36‧‧‧基板
38‧‧‧導線
40‧‧‧保護層
42‧‧‧n電極
44‧‧‧p電極
46‧‧‧腔體
48‧‧‧背側
50‧‧‧承載基板
52A‧‧‧多層磊晶結構
54‧‧‧n型層
56‧‧‧量子井層
58‧‧‧p型層
60‧‧‧晶粒
62/80‧‧‧凹槽
66‧‧‧反射層
72‧‧‧種子層
74‧‧‧第一金屬層
76‧‧‧第二金屬層
78‧‧‧硬式遮罩
圖1A為根據本發明實施例的垂直式發光二極體晶粒之結構剖面圖。
圖1B為根據本發明實施例的垂直式發光二極體晶粒之上視平面圖。
圖1C為根據本發明實施例的垂直式發光二極體晶粒之下視平面圖。
圖2為包含複數個垂直式發光二極體晶粒的發光二極體系統之剖面視圖。
圖3A至3K為製作該垂直式發光二極體晶粒的方法之步驟示意圖。
10‧‧‧垂直式發光二極體晶粒
12‧‧‧第一金屬
14‧‧‧第二金屬
16‧‧‧p型半導體層
18‧‧‧多重量子井層
20‧‧‧n型半導體層
30‧‧‧磊晶堆疊
34‧‧‧發光二極體
36‧‧‧基板
38‧‧‧導線
40‧‧‧保護層
42‧‧‧n電極
44‧‧‧p電極
46‧‧‧腔體
48‧‧‧背側
Claims (5)
- 一種垂直式發光二極體(VLED)晶粒的製作方法,包括以下步驟:提供一承載基板;形成一磊晶堆疊於該承載基板上;形成複數個第一凹槽,其形成十字形的圖案並貫穿該磊晶堆疊及該承載基板,以定義出該承載基板之上的複數個晶粒;形成一反射層於該磊晶堆疊之上;形成一種子層於該反射層之上及該等凹槽之內;形成一具有第一面積的第一金屬於該種子層之上;形成一具有第二面積的第二金屬於該第一金屬之上,且該第二面積小於該第一面積;移除該承載基板;形成複數個第二凹槽,其貫穿該磊晶堆疊而至該種子層;以及將該等晶粒分開成複數個垂直式發光二極體(VLED)晶粒。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之製作方法,其中,該磊晶堆疊包括:一p型半導體層,位於該第一金屬的該第一表面之上;一用以發光的多重量子井(MQW)層,位於該p型半導體層之上;及一n型半導體層,位於該多重量子井(MQW)層之上。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之製作方法,其中,該磊晶 堆疊的側牆與該第一金屬之間的角度大於90度。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之製作方法,其中,該第一金屬及該第二金屬包含一選自由銅(Cu)、鎳(Ni)、銀(Ag)、金(Au)、鈷(Co)、銅-鈷(Cu-Co)、鎳-鈷(Ni-Co)、銅-鉬(Cu-Mo)、鎳/銅(Ni/Cu)、及鎳/銅-鉬(Ni/Cu-Mo)組成之金屬群或其合金的材料。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之製作方法,其中,形成該等第二凹槽的步驟包含藉由遮罩的蝕刻製程。
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US8686461B2 (en) * | 2011-01-03 | 2014-04-01 | SemiLEDs Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. | Light emitting diode (LED) die having stepped substrates and method of fabrication |
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2011
- 2011-12-14 US US13/325,376 patent/US8686461B2/en active Active
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2012
- 2012-06-29 TW TW101123435A patent/TWI479685B/zh active
- 2012-07-20 CN CN2012102526830A patent/CN103165806A/zh active Pending
- 2012-07-26 JP JP2012165474A patent/JP2013125961A/ja active Pending
- 2012-10-16 KR KR1020120114802A patent/KR20130069351A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-11-23 WO PCT/CN2012/001576 patent/WO2013086781A1/en active Application Filing
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2014
- 2014-02-07 US US14/175,033 patent/US9343620B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
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US20060246687A1 (en) * | 2003-01-31 | 2006-11-02 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Method for producing a semiconductor component |
US20090014738A1 (en) * | 2007-07-10 | 2009-01-15 | Delta Electronics, Inc. | Light emitting diode devices and manufacturing method thereof |
US20110175124A1 (en) * | 2010-01-15 | 2011-07-21 | Bae Jung Hyeok | Light emitting device, method of manufacturing the same, and light emitting device package |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20120168716A1 (en) | 2012-07-05 |
KR20130069351A (ko) | 2013-06-26 |
US20140151635A1 (en) | 2014-06-05 |
CN103165806A (zh) | 2013-06-19 |
JP2013125961A (ja) | 2013-06-24 |
US9343620B2 (en) | 2016-05-17 |
US8686461B2 (en) | 2014-04-01 |
TW201324845A (zh) | 2013-06-16 |
WO2013086781A1 (en) | 2013-06-20 |
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