TWI435924B - 不含鹵素之阻燃性黏著組合物及包含其之物件 - Google Patents

不含鹵素之阻燃性黏著組合物及包含其之物件 Download PDF

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TWI435924B
TWI435924B TW097140181A TW97140181A TWI435924B TW I435924 B TWI435924 B TW I435924B TW 097140181 A TW097140181 A TW 097140181A TW 97140181 A TW97140181 A TW 97140181A TW I435924 B TWI435924 B TW I435924B
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flame retardant
phosphinate
article
halogen
composition
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Rafael Garcia-Ramirez
wei cheng Su
Eumi Pyun
Mei Chin Liao
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3M Innovative Properties Co
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Description

不含鹵素之阻燃性黏著組合物及包含其之物件
本發明有關阻燃性黏著組合物和黏著膠帶物件。
黏著劑和黏著膠帶物件使用於諸多工業且用於諸多不同的目的。黏著劑和黏著膠帶物件一般用於例如電性工業中作為絕緣膠帶及用於無數其他應用中。在諸多此類應用中,存在有耐火性或阻燃性之要求或需要。最為已知且使用的阻燃性物質和添加劑利用一種或多種含鹵素(例如含溴-或含氯-)化合物。然而,增加對環境和安全之檢查,驅使諸多工業的和消費產品中減少或消除鹵化和含鹵素的物質。現行的非鹵化或不含鹵素黏著劑和黏著膠帶物件無法證明其提供所需耐火性和阻燃性、通過工業標準UL 510測試和實現比較漏電軌跡指數("CTI")等級I之能力。
簡言之,本發明一方面提供可用於例如構成黏著膠帶之黏著組合物。該黏著組合物包含不含鹵素之阻燃性組合物。此不含鹵素之阻燃性組合物包含次膦酸酯(或次膦酸鹽)和視需要使用之一種或多種其他的非鹵化阻燃性物質例如氧化鋁三水合物和氫氧化鎂。
在其他方面,本發明提供包括膠帶之物件。該膠帶包含至少一種黏著組合物和一種或多種背襯材料。該黏著組合物及/或該背襯材料可包含不含鹵素之阻燃性組合物。此不含鹵素之阻燃性組合物包含次膦酸酯(或次膦酸鹽)和視需要之一種或多種其他的非鹵化阻燃性物質例如氧化鋁三水合物和氫氧化鎂。
又其他方面,本發明提供各種包含膠帶物件構成之物件。該膠帶物件構成包括黏著組合物、不含鹵素之阻燃性組合物和不含鹵素之背襯材料。此不含鹵素之阻燃性組合物可以存在於或者併入黏著組合物和背襯材料之一種或兩種中。在該膠帶物件構成內,此不含鹵素之阻燃性組合物亦可存在於或併入獨立結構層或功能層。此不含鹵素之阻燃性組合物包含次膦酸酯(或次膦酸鹽)和視需要之一種或多種其他的非鹵化阻燃性物質例如氧化鋁三水合物和氫氧化鎂。
又其他方面,本發明提供膠帶物件和黏著組合物,其在應用和使用期間,顯示阻燃性、通過工業標準UL 510測試和實現比較漏電軌跡指數("CTI")等級I。
簡言之,本發明具體例提供黏著組合物和膠帶物件,其包括包含或併入一種或多種不含鹵素之阻燃劑之組合物。藉由通過工業標準UL 510測試之阻燃性試驗,可以證明該阻燃性組合物之阻燃性。此阻燃性組合物基本上不包含鹵化或含鹵素物質。此不含鹵素之阻燃性組合物一般包括次膦酸酯(或次膦酸鹽)。該阻燃性組合物亦可包含一種或多種其他的非鹵化阻燃性物質例如氧化鋁三水合物(Al2 O3 ‧3H2 O)或氫氧化鎂(Mg(OH)2 )。
在某些具體例中,本發明之不含鹵素之阻燃性組合物包含次膦酸酯。該次膦酸酯可呈例如次膦酸鹽的形式。更特定言之,此次膦酸酯可以次膦酸金屬鹽併入阻燃性組合物中。適宜的次膦酸金屬鹽包含例如次膦酸鋁和次膦酸鋅。
在其他具體例中,此不含鹵素之阻燃性組合物包含摻合組合物,其包含與一種或多種其他的不含鹵素之阻燃物質一起使用之次膦酸酯(或次膦酸鹽)。適宜的此類其他物質包含例如氧化鋁三水合物(Al2 O3 ˙3H2 O)和氫氧化鎂(Mg(OH)2 )。當組成摻合物時,此阻燃性組合物一般包括佔該阻燃性組合物重量之約17%至100%之至少一種次膦酸酯(或次膦酸鹽)及佔該阻燃性組合物重量之約0%至83%之一種或多種其他的阻燃性物質。使用併入黏著組合物或黏著膠帶物件中之含次膦酸酯之阻燃性組合物顯示通過工業標準UL 510可燃性試驗和實現比較漏電軌跡指數("CTI")等級I所需之有利性能和特性。
在本發明多種具體例中,此不含鹵素之阻燃性組合物與黏著材料摻合或組合。由於從商業產品和消費產品中減少或消除鹵化物質之總體要求,該阻燃性組合物所併入之黏著劑基本上不含含鹵素化合物較佳。可用之黏著組合物包含無數不同類型和形式的黏著劑。在以其性能或特性描述適宜黏著劑中,可使用如壓感型黏著劑、熱固型黏著劑、熱熔型黏著劑及其他類型黏著劑之黏著劑。在以相對化學組成描述適宜黏著劑時,可使用如丙烯酸黏著劑、聚烯烴黏著劑、苯乙烯共聚物黏著劑、聚矽氧黏著劑、環氧樹脂黏著劑、乙烯共聚物黏著劑及其他類型黏著劑等之黏著劑。本發明不含鹵素之阻燃性組合物可被併入此類黏著材料中以對該黏著劑賦予所需阻燃性和抗燃性能。
併入本發明阻燃性組合物之黏著劑可用於需要底層黏著劑和要求一定程度的阻燃性和耐火性之任何應用中。本發明不含鹵素之阻燃性組合物尤其可用於膠帶物件構成。此類膠帶物件一般包括其上施加(一般藉塗佈)有一或多層功能層或構造層之背襯材料。本發明之一種或多種不含鹵素之阻燃性組合物可使用於膠帶物件中或藉由將該組合物併入背襯材料及/或一或多層功能層或構造層與此類膠帶物件一起使用。此阻燃性組合物可以例如併入被施加於背襯材料之黏著組合物中,或在膠帶物件構成之內,獨立於黏著層,用作或與無黏著力的層一起使用。其亦可單獨直接併入背襯材料或者組合後併入全部膠帶構成之一或多層之功能層或構造層。因此,在膠帶物件構成內,應用本發明阻燃性組合物存在較大的靈活性。
此不含鹵素之阻燃性組合物可以包括例如單獨地一種或多種次膦酸酯化合物或一種或多種次膦酸酯化合物與一種或多種其他的阻燃性化合物(例如氧化鋁三水合物或氫氧化鎂)之摻合物。此阻燃性組合物亦可與其他物質一起使用於黏著組合物或膠帶物件中。例如,諸多黏著組合物包含一種或多種交聯組合物例如雙醯胺。黏著劑和膠帶物件亦經常併入一種或多種膠黏劑化合物以控制黏著劑或膠帶之所需黏附特徵。其他通常的添加劑、助劑、試劑和物質(例如著色劑、顏料、底塗、填充劑、紫外線吸收劑、導電顆粒等等)為熟知本技藝者所理解。
在本發明一說明性具體例中,多層膠帶物件包含施加於背襯材料之本發明不含鹵素之阻燃性黏著組合物。在該情況下,黏著組合物包含以層施加到背襯材料之不含鹵素之阻燃性組合物。此黏著層可具有任何所需且可實施之厚度,但是一般在約12μm至80μm或可能更厚。該背襯材料較好為不含鹵素之化合物。適宜的背襯材料包含例如:聚合體物質比如聚酯(例如、PET(聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯))、聚烯烴、聚醯胺和聚醯亞胺;天然和合成橡膠物質;紙張物質;金屬箔;玻璃纖維織物;及其他類型物質。此背襯材料可以具有任何所需且可實施之厚度,但是一般介於約25μm和125μm厚度之間。
包含本發明不含鹵素之組合物之膠帶物件可包括配置於黏著組合物與該被襯之間之底塗。適宜的底塗可購自美國明尼蘇達聖保羅3M公司(3M Company of Saint Paul,Minnesota,USA)以3MTM P-93底塗獲得。該膠帶物件亦可架構成在該背襯材料之與包含該黏著組合物之該面相反之面上包含低黏著被襯(或"LAB")材料以及若存在之底塗。當製造卷形物並纏繞時,此低粘著背襯材料有助於預防膠帶單片彼此附著。適宜的LAB物質包含胺基甲酸酯聚合物如購自美國明尼蘇達聖保羅3M公司(3M Company of Saint Paul,Minnesota,USA)之3MTM RD-1547胺基甲酸酯聚合物溶液。
實例
提供以下實例和比較例有助於瞭解本發明而非限制其範圍。除非另有陳述,所有份和百分比為按重量計算。以下試驗方法和協議用於評估說明性實例和比較例:
測試方法學 1.UL 510燃燒性試驗:
樣品接觸明火持續15秒鐘。當接觸火焰時,試驗合格之測試樣品(一般著火)上之任何火焰必須在60秒鐘內熄滅。重複五次此測試。任何長於60秒鐘之熄滅時間視為不合格樣品。結果記錄為"通過"或"不合格"。與測試有關之進一步細節可見於美國伊利諾斯州北柏克保險商實驗室(Underwriters Laboratory of Northbrook,Illinois,USA)出版之UL 510標準之描述中。
2.乾介電強度和濕介電強度:
根據ASTM D149協定,進行乾法和濕法介電強度試驗。一般而言,依據此測試,樣本置於二電極之間且增大電力直到介電擊穿。在室溫和50%相對濕度下,測試"乾"介電強度。暴露樣品在23℃和96%相對濕度下,持續96小時,測試"濕"介電強度。為了通過乾介電強度試驗,電介質必須大於或等於1000V/mil。為了通過濕介電強度試驗,必須保持至少90%乾介電強度(即濕電介質大於或等於900V/mil)。
3.比較漏電軌跡指數("CTI"):
物質之比較漏電軌跡指數(或"CTI")是在所定義之試驗條件下物質對面漏電軌跡抗性之指標。測試之協議闡述在ASTM D3638-07中。一般而言,爲進行該測試,將測試樣品支撐於似乎水平的平面上並經由二電極接受電應力。電解質溶液連續滴至電極間之表面,直到過電流裝置運轉、直到持續火焰燃燒或直到此次測試時期過。個別測試歷時短(小於1小時),以50或100滴約20mg電解質溶液,在30秒鐘間隔,滴於介於樣品表面上40mm間隔之鉑電極之間。在測試期間,對電極施加100V和600V之間之交流電電壓。
對結果作圖以記錄置於樣品表面之電解質溶液滴數與記錄電壓之比較。比較漏電軌跡指數或"CTI"表示相當於50滴電解質溶液之電壓。對既定物質之"CTI"等級越低,與此物質有關之漏電距離越大。"CTI"等級如下:
CTI等級I:
CTI等級II:
CTI等級IIIa:
CTI等級IIIb:
4.UL 510對鋼之黏著力:
UL 510對於鋼之黏著力標準要求根據ASTM D1000測量為至少16oz/in(18g/mm)之黏著力值。
5.不透明性:
根據ASTM D589-97測試不透明性。一般而言,爲進行測試,將薄膜樣本置於黑色/白色對比圖表中。在風乾以後,利用BYK-Gardner類型分光計指南,客觀地評價樣本走勢。結果記錄為不透明性百分比,計算方法為:
YBlack /YWhite ×100%
比較例C1至C3
構成膠帶樣本以說明若干已知阻燃性組合物之性能。對於各比較例而言,使丙烯酸黏著聚合體(獲自美國明尼蘇達聖保羅3M公司(3M Company,Saint Paul,Minnesota,USA)之3MTM 產品號碼21-3314-0004-0)與下表1所示之阻燃性組合物組合。在各情況下,此混合物包括30和40wt%之間之阻燃性劑。利用實驗室大小高之強度混合器,在溶劑(庚烷、乙酸乙酯或兩者之摻合物)存在下混合諸成分。混合黏著組合物直接被覆至經底塗之25μm厚PET膜上,係使用實驗室刮刀塗布機以產生手覆樣本或者使用實驗室大小之塗布機(配備刮刀塗布機)以產生連續塗膜,該等塗膜具有約25μm之公稱塗層厚度。在被覆以後,樣品被放入強制對流烘箱(就手覆樣本而言)或連續地經由隧道式爐(就連續膜而言)以提取溶劑和乾燥樣品。進而分割或切割此經被覆且乾燥的樣本以產生0.75英寸(1.9cm)樣本。使用如上所述測試方法測試樣品,且結果顯示於下表1。
如表1所示之比較例C1至C3顯示出可接受的UL 510可燃性性能。包含含鹵素阻燃劑之比較例C1通過UL 510介電擊穿試驗但僅顯示出"CTI"等級II(從而沒能實現"CTI"等級I)。包含非鹵化阻燃劑之比較例C2及C3沒通過UL 510介電擊穿試驗但僅顯示出"CTI"等級IIIa(從而也沒能實現"CTI'等級I)。
實例1-9和比較例C4至C7
構成膠帶樣本以說明本發明各種具體例。為了製備用於既定實例或比較例之膠帶樣本,製備含有下表2所示成分及下表3所示數量之黏著組成物。對於各樣本,利用實驗室大小高強度混合器,在溶劑(庚烷、乙酸乙酯或兩者之摻合物)存在下,混合用於黏著組合物之成分。所得組合物直接被覆至經底塗之25μm厚PET膜上,係使用實驗室刮刀塗布機至產生手覆樣本或者使用實驗室大小之塗布機(配備刮刀塗布機)以產生連續塗膜,各塗膜具有約25μm之公稱塗層厚度。在被覆以後,樣品被放入強制對流烘箱(就手覆樣本而言)或連續地經由隧道式爐(就連續膜而言)以提取溶劑和乾燥樣品。進而分割或切割此被覆和乾燥的樣本以產生0.75英寸(1.9cm)樣本。使用如上所述測試方法測試樣品,結果顯示於下表3。
實例1-9證明併入發明具體例之僅包括次膦酸酯或者與氧化鋁三水合物組合使用之不含鹵素之阻燃性組合物之膠帶物件,可以賦予良好的物理性能。此等實例每一個均通過工業標準UL 510可燃性和介電擊穿試驗(即濕介電強度至少為乾介電強度的90%)。每一個均實現"CTI"等級I。該等說明性實例亦提供靈活使用其他添加劑以控制併入有該阻燃性組合物中之膠帶物件之黏著程度和不透明性。以小於阻燃性組合物重量之約17%之次膦酸酯之比例包含次膦酸酯和氧化鋁三水合物兩者之阻燃性組合物需要較高量之黏合劑存在於黏著組合物中以實現所需等級之耐火性。此一般不利地影響黏著組合物黏著性能,因此為不佳的。
雖然出於說明目的,上述詳細說明包含諸多細節,但一般技術者應理解:於細節之諸多改變、變化、取代和變更屬於如申請專利範圍闡明之本發明之範圍內。因此,實施方式中之本發明並無任何限制之含義。本發明適當的範圍應該有後述申請專利範圍和其適當的法理均等性加以確定。

Claims (21)

  1. 一種不含鹵素之阻燃性黏著組合物,其包括丙烯酸感壓型黏著劑和不含鹵素之阻燃性組合物,該阻燃性組合物包括次膦酸酯或次膦酸鹽。
  2. 如請求項1之黏著組合物,其中該阻燃性組合物進一步包括至少一種基本上不含含鹵素化合物的其他物質。
  3. 如請求項2之黏著組合物,其中該至少一種其他物質包含氧化鋁三水合物。
  4. 如請求項2之黏著組合物,其中該至少一種其他物質包含氫氧化鎂。
  5. 如請求項1之黏著組合物,其中該次膦酸鹽為次膦酸金屬鹽。
  6. 如請求項5之黏著組合物,其中該次膦酸金屬鹽為次膦酸鋁或次膦酸鋅。
  7. 如請求項2之黏著組合物,其中該次膦酸酯或次膦酸鹽佔該阻燃性組合物重量之約17%至100%,且該至少一種其他物質佔該阻燃性組合物重量之約0%至83%。
  8. 一種包括膠帶之生產物件,其包括:基本上不含含鹵素物質之背襯材料;配置在背襯材料之至少一個面上之丙烯酸感壓型黏著劑;及包括次膦酸酯或次膦酸鹽之不含鹵素之阻燃性組合物。
  9. 如請求項8之物件,其中該阻燃性組合物進一步包括至 少一種基本上不含含鹵素化合物的其他物質。
  10. 如請求項9之物件,其中該至少一種其他物質包含氧化鋁三水合物。
  11. 如請求項9之物件,其中該至少一種其他物質包含氫氧化鎂。
  12. 如請求項8之物件,其中該阻燃性組合物存在於配置在背襯材料至少一個面上之丙烯酸感壓型黏著劑中。
  13. 如請求項8之物件,其中該阻燃性組合物存在於該背襯材料中。
  14. 如請求項8之物件,其進一步包括配置在該丙烯酸感壓型黏著劑和該背襯材料之間之底塗。
  15. 如請求項8之物件,其進一步包括配置在該背襯材料之與該丙烯酸感壓型黏著劑之相反側上之低黏著背襯。
  16. 如請求項8之物件,其進一步包括配置在該背襯材料至少一個面上之至少一種其他結構或功能層。
  17. 如請求項16之物件,其中該至少一種其他結構或功能層包含該阻燃性組合物。
  18. 如請求項8之物件,其中該次膦酸鹽為次膦酸金屬鹽。
  19. 如請求項18之物件,其中該次膦酸金屬鹽為次膦酸鋁或次膦酸鋅。
  20. 如請求項8之物件,其中該背襯材料包括聚酯、聚烯烴、聚醯胺或聚醯亞胺聚合材料。
  21. 如請求項9之物件,其中該次膦酸酯或次膦酸鹽佔阻燃性組合物重量之約17%至100%且該至少一種其他物質佔阻燃性組合物重量之約0%至83%。
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WO2009052335A1 (en) 2009-04-23
BRPI0818336A2 (pt) 2015-04-22
CA2702891A1 (en) 2009-04-23
CN101827909B (zh) 2013-12-11
CN101827909A (zh) 2010-09-08
JP5425794B2 (ja) 2014-02-26
TW200936721A (en) 2009-09-01
EP2207861A4 (en) 2013-08-07
MX2010004062A (es) 2010-04-30
RU2456322C2 (ru) 2012-07-20
JP2011500924A (ja) 2011-01-06
EP2207861A1 (en) 2010-07-21
ES2621215T3 (es) 2017-07-03
KR20100072081A (ko) 2010-06-29
RU2010115235A (ru) 2011-11-27
EP2207861B1 (en) 2017-01-25
US20090104444A1 (en) 2009-04-23

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