TWI421260B - 導電性聚合物、聚合物組成物、薄膜及包括其等之有機光電元件 - Google Patents
導電性聚合物、聚合物組成物、薄膜及包括其等之有機光電元件 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI421260B TWI421260B TW098141704A TW98141704A TWI421260B TW I421260 B TWI421260 B TW I421260B TW 098141704 A TW098141704 A TW 098141704A TW 98141704 A TW98141704 A TW 98141704A TW I421260 B TWI421260 B TW I421260B
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Classifications
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Description
本申請案主張於2008年12月26日在韓國智慧財產局(Korean Intellectual Property Office)申請之韓國專利申請案第10-2008-0134784號之優先權及權利,該韓國專利申請案之全文在此併入本案以為參考資料。
本揭示內容係有關於導電性聚合物、導電性聚合物組成物、導電性聚合物有機薄膜、及包括其等之有機光電元件。
光電元件為用於使光能轉換成電能並相反地,用於使電能轉換成光能的元件。該光電元件可藉有機發光二極體、太陽能電池、電晶體等而例示。
更詳細地,在這些光電元件中,由於對平面顯示器(FPD)之需求增加,所以使用有機發光二極體(OLED)之有機發光元件最近已引起注意。
最近,已經由科技而卓越地研發之LCD在FPD市場內已增加80%或更高之市場佔有率,但是其等之重大缺點在響應速度慢且在40英寸或更大之寬顯示器內,視角窄。為了克服該等缺點,需要新的其它可替代的顯示器。
關於這一方面,該有機光電元件已吸引注意可作為用於下一代FPD之顯示器模式,因為其具有以下許多優點:其可以於低電壓下驅動、其具自發光性質、其可以呈薄膜形式形成、其具有寬視角、高響應速度、及高對比度、且其製法合乎經濟。
在包括該有機發光二極體之光電元件領域內,研究者正在研究導電性聚合物層之形成以藉將一電極內所產生之電荷(亦即電洞及電子)轉移至光電元件而改良該光電元件之效率。
有機發光二極體為可利用其中係在有機層內合併電子及電洞,且當電流流至螢光或磷光有機化合物薄膜(下文稱為有機層)時可發光之現象的主動發光顯示器裝置。
該有機發光二極體並未使用單一發光層以作為該有機層,而係使用包括利用導電性聚合物之電洞注入層(HIL)、發光層、及電子注入層(EIL)之多層結構以改良效率並降低驅動電壓。
可藉使一層執行數種作用而例示該多層結構。最簡單的OLED結構之一為其中一有機層可執行所有作用(其包括插入兩電極間之一發光層的作用)的結構。
然而,為了實質上增加發光強度,應該將電子注入層(EIL)或電洞注入層導至電子發光總成。
該文獻揭示許多可轉移欲藉電子注入層(EIL)或電洞注入層(HIL)而使用之電荷(其等係為電洞及電子)的有機化合物。作為實例,歐洲專利公開案第387715號、美國專利第4,539,507號、美國專利第4,720,432號、及美國專利第4,769,292號揭示有機化合物及其等之用途。
更詳細地,市售且由the Bayer AG Company製造之Baytron-P為可轉移電荷且具可溶性並可用以產生有機電致發光(EL)之代表性有機化合物。Baytron-P為PEDOT(聚(3,4-乙二氧噻吩))-PSS(聚(4-苯乙烯磺酸酯))水性溶液之種類。
PEDOT-PSS係廣泛用於製造有機發光二極體。藉將其旋塗在氧化銦錫(ITO)電極上,可形成電洞注入層(HIL)。該PEDOT-PSS具有如以下化學式18內所示之結構。
在上述化學式18內所表示之PEDOT-PSS為聚酸(其係為聚(4-苯乙烯磺酸酯)(PSS))、及導電性聚合物(其係為聚(3,4-乙二氧基噻吩)(PEDOT))之簡單離子複合物。其具有一結構,其中PEDOT係經水溶性聚酸摻雜。
然而,當使用該PEDOT-PSS導電性聚合物組成物以形成電洞注入層(HIL)時,該PSS由於具有吸濕性所以會變質且去摻雜,或該PSS之一部份可經由與電子反應而分解以排出,諸如硫酸鹽之材料。該排出材料可擴散入鄰接有機層(諸如發光層)內。得自電洞注入層(HIL)之材料擴散入該發光層內會導致激子淬滅,因而降低有機發光二極體之效率及使用期限。
為了克服該等缺點,美國專利公開案第2005/0251597號及韓國專利公開案第2006-0120378號揭示使用經離子型聚合物摻雜之導電性聚合物,其中兩者之主鏈及分支鏈具有,諸如在化學式13中之經取代氟基。
上述化學式13內所示之此等材料之主鏈及分支鏈內的大部份碳基係經氟基取代。因此,其等分散在水中之時間短,且其等可形成膠體型顆粒。當藉使用這些材料而製備導電性聚合物時,甚至在該導電性聚合物之重複單元的長度微小增加下,該等顆粒會嚴重黏聚。而且,當其等用於經由旋塗法而形成薄膜時,所產生薄膜具有劣均勻性。
本揭示內容之一方面提供自摻雜之導電性聚合物,其中該導電性聚合物係與聚酸化學性結合。
本揭示內容之另一方面提供可藉抑制吸濕性並降低分子間黏聚作用而具有優異薄膜特性及貯存穩定性之導電性聚合物。
本揭示內容之另一方面提供使用該導電性聚合物組成物之導電性聚合物有機薄膜。
本揭示內容之又另一方面提供可得到高效率及長使用期限之包括該導電性聚合物有機薄膜的有機光電元件。
根據該實施例,係提供包括藉以下化學式1、以下化學式2、及以下化學式3所代表之重複單元的導電性聚合物。
在上述化學式1至3中,各取代基與下述取代基相同。
根據另一實施例,係提供包括以下化學式12之導電性聚合物組成物。
在上述化學式12中,各取代基與下述取代基相同。
根據另一實施例,係提供使用該導電性聚合物組成物所製成之導電性聚合物有機薄膜。
根據另一實施例,係提供包括該導電性聚合物有機薄膜之有機光電元件。
根據本發明之一方面,係藉有機光電元件內所產生之熱而防止該導電性聚合物及聚酸去摻雜,且由於該導電性聚合物係與聚酸化學性結合並經離子型聚合物摻雜,所以可抑制該導電性聚合物之黏聚及吸顯性。此外,該導電性聚合物組成物具有低吸顯性,因為其包括具有大量氟基之聚合物離子型聚合物,且由於存在於該薄膜之表面上之氟基的偶極力,所以其具有優異電洞注入特性。因此,可改良有機光電元件之效率特性及使用期限特性。
第1A至1D圖為根據本發明實施例之有機發光二極體的示意橫截面圖。
下文詳述本發明之例證實施例。然而,這些實施例僅作為例證用,且本發明並不受其限制。
如文中使用,當未另提供明確定義時,該名詞“烷基”係指C1-C30烷基,該名詞“雜烷基”係指C1-C30雜烷基,該名詞“烷氧基”係指C1-C30烷氧基,該名詞“雜烷氧基”係指C1-C30雜烷氧基,該名詞“芳基”係指C6-C30芳基,該名詞“芳烷基”係指C6-C30芳烷基,該名詞“芳氧基”係指C6-C30芳氧基,該名詞“雜芳基”係指C2-C30雜芳基,該名詞‘‘雜芳烷基”係指C2-C30雜芳烷基,該名詞“雜芳氧基”係指C2-C30雜芳氧基,該名詞“環烷基”係指C5-C20環烷基,該名詞“雜環烷基”係指C2-C30雜環烷基,該名詞“烷基酯”係指C2-C30烷基酯,該名詞“雜烷基酯”係指C1-C30雜烷基酯,該名詞“芳基酯”係指C6-C30芳基酯,該名詞“伸烷基”係指C1-C30伸烷基,該名詞“雜伸烷基”係指C1-C30雜伸烷基,該名詞“伸烷氧基”係指C1-C30伸烷氧基,該名詞“雜伸烷氧基”係指C1-C30雜伸烷氧基,該名詞“伸芳基”係指C6-C30伸芳基,該名詞“芳基伸烷基(arylalkylene)”係指C6-C30芳基伸烷基,該名詞“伸芳氧基”係指C6-C30伸芳氧基,該名詞“雜伸芳基”係指C2-C30雜伸芳基,該名詞“雜芳基伸烷基”係指C2-C30雜芳基伸烷基,該名詞“雜伸芳氧基”係指C2-C30雜伸芳氧基,該名詞“伸環烷基”係指C5-C20伸環烷基,該名詞“雜伸環烷基”係指C2-C30雜伸環烷基,該名詞“伸烷酯”係指C2-C30伸烷酯,該名詞“雜伸烷酯”係指C1-C30雜伸烷酯,該名詞“伸烷酯”係指C6-C30伸芳酯,且該鹵素係指F、Cl、Br或I。
如文中使用,當並另未提供明確定義時,該名詞“經取代”係指經至少一包括鹵素(F、Cl、Br或I)、羥基、硝基、氰基、胺基(-NH2
、-NH(R)、或-N(R’’’)(R””),其中R、R’’’、及R””獨立為C1至C10烷基)、脒基、肼或腙、羧基、經取代或未經取代之烷基、經取代或未經取代之芳基、經取代或未經取代之環烷基、經取代或未經取代之雜芳基或經取代或未經取代之雜環烷基之取代基取代。
烷基可以是直鏈或分支鏈烷基,諸如甲基、乙基、丙基、異丁基、第二-丁基、第三-丁基、戊基、異-戊基、己基等。
雜烷基係指在其主鏈包括至少一個雜原子、且較佳1至5個雜原子(諸如氧(O)、硫(S)、氮(N)、磷(P)等)以取代碳之烷基。
烷氧基包括甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、異丁氧基、第二-丁氧基、戊氧基、異-戊氧基、己氧基等。
芳基係指包括至少一芳香族環,且該等芳香族環可以呈側基團經結合或稠合之碳環芳香族分子。該芳基之實例包括芳香族基團,諸如苯基、萘基、四氫萘基等。
芳烷基係指包括低碳烷基,例如C1至C5基團,諸如甲基、乙基、丙基等之芳基。該芳烷基之特定實例包括苄甲基、苯乙基等。
芳氧基係指-O-芳基,其中該芳基與上述芳基相同。該芳氧基之實例包括苯氧基、萘氧基、蒽氧基、菲氧基、茀氧基、茚氧基等,且該芳氧基之至少一個氫原子可經烷基取代。
雜芳基係指包括1至3個選自由N、O、P、及S所組成之群組的雜原子,且其餘為碳原子環之C5至C30環狀芳香族化合物。該等碳原子環可以呈側基團經結合或稠合。
雜芳烷基係指包括低碳烷基之雜芳基,且該雜芳烷基之雜芳基與上述雜芳基相同。
雜芳氧基係指-O-雜芳基,其中該雜芳基與上述雜芳基相同。
環烷基係指C5至C30單價單環系。
雜環烷基係指C5至C30單價單環狀化合物,其係為包括1至3個選自N、O、P或S之雜原子的環烷基。
雜烷氧基係指碳化合物,其中-O-之一側係連接至1至3個選自N、O、P或S之雜原子。
烷基酯係指-COO-烷基,其中該烷基與上述烷基相同。
雜烷基酯係指-COO-雜烷基,其中該雜烷基與上述雜烷基相同。
芳基酯及雜芳基酯係指-COO-芳基或雜芳基,且該芳基及雜芳基與上述芳基及雜芳基相同。
本揭示內容係有關於導電性聚合物,例如有關於由於具化學性及自摻雜性,所以不會因熱而去摻雜之導電性聚合物。
根據一實施例之該導電性聚合物包括藉以下化學式1、以下化學式2、及以下化學式3而代表之重複單元。
在上述化學式1至3中,R1
、R2
、R3
、R4
、R5
、及R6
係獨立選自以下所組成之群組:氫、經取代或未經取代之烷基、經取代或未經取代之雜烷基、經取代或未經取代之烷氧基、經取代或未經取代之雜烷氧基、經取代或未經取代之芳基、經取代或未經取代之芳烷基、經取代或未經取代之芳氧基、經取代或未經取代之雜芳基、經取代或未經取代之雜芳烷基、經取代或未經取代之雜芳氧基、經取代或未經取代之環烷基、經取代或未經取代之雜環烷基經取代或未經取代之烷基酯、經取代或未經取代之雜烷基酯、經取代或未經取代之芳基酯、經取代或未經取代之雜芳基酯、及鹵素(F、Br、Cl、或I)。
A係選自以下所組成之群組:單鍵、經取代或未經取代之伸烷基、經取代或未經取代之雜伸烷基、經取代或未經取代之伸烷氧基、經取代或未經取代之雜伸烷氧基、經取代或未經取代之伸芳基、經取代或未經取代之芳基伸烷基、經取代或未經取代之伸芳氧基、經取代或未經取代之之雜伸芳基、經取代或未經取代之雜芳基伸烷基、經取代或未經取代之雜伸芳氧基、經取代或未經取代之伸環烷基、經取代或未經取代之雜伸環烷基、經取代或未經取代之伸烷酯、經取代或未經取代之雜伸烷酯、經取代或未經取代之伸芳酯、及經取代或未經取代之雜伸芳酯。
B為陽離子及陰離子之離子對,其中該陽離子係選自以下所組成之群組:H+
,選自由Na+
、K+
、Li+
、Mg2+
、Zn2+
、及Al3+
所組成之群組的金屬離子;NR3 +
(其中R為H或經取代或未經取代之烷基);及CH3
(-CH2
-)p
O+
之有機離子(其中p之範圍為自1至50;而該陰離子係選自以下所組成之群組:PO3 2-
、SO3 -
、COO-
、I-
、及CH3
COO-
。
C係選自以下所組成之群組:單鍵、-O-、-S-、-NH-、經取代或未經取代之伸烷基、經取代或未經取代之雜伸烷基、經取代或未經取代之伸芳基、經取代或未經取代之氧伸烷基、經取代或未經取代之雜-氧伸烷基、經取代或未經取代之芳基伸烷基、經取代或未經取代之伸芳氧基、經取代或未經取代之伸芳胺、經取代或未經取代之伸吡咯基、經取代或未經取代之伸苯硫基、經取代或未經取代之雜伸芳基、經取代或未經取代之雜芳基伸烷基、經取代或未經取代之雜伸芳氧基、經取代或未經取代之伸環烷基、經取代或未經取代之雜伸環烷基、經取代或未經取代之伸烷酯、經取代或未經取代之雜伸烷酯、經取代或未經取代之伸芳酯、及經取代或未經取代之雜伸芳酯。
D係選自以下所組成之群組:經取代或未經取代之聚伸苯基、經取代或未經取代之聚伸苯伸乙烯基、聚苯胺或其藉以下化學式4而代表之衍生物、聚吡咯或其藉以下化學式5而代表之衍生物、經取代或未經取代之聚噻吩或其衍生物、及藉以下化學式6而代表之聚合物或環狀單體,且E為經鹵素取代之碳化合物基團,其係經氮、磷、硫、矽、氧等之雜原子取代或未經取代。
在上述化學式4中,Ra
、Rb
、Rc
、及Rd
係獨立選自以下所組成之群組:氫、經取代或未經取代之C1-C30烷基、經取代或未經取代之C1-C30雜烷基、經取代或未經取代之C1-C30烷氧基、經代或未經取代之C1-C30雜烷氧基、經取代或未經取代之C6-C30芳基、經取代或未經取代之C6-C30芳烷基、經取代或未經取代之C6-C30芳氧基、經取代或未經取代之C6-C30芳基胺、經取代或未經取代之C6-C30吡咯、經取代或未經取代之C6-C30噻吩、經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜芳基、經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜芳烷基、經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜芳氧基、經取代或未經取代之C5-C20環烷基、經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜環烷基、經取代或未經取代之烷基酯、經取代或未經取代之C1-C30雜烷基酯、經取代或未經取代之C6-C30芳基酯、及經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜芳基酯。
在上述化學式5中,X係選自以下所組成之群組:-NH-或-NR-;-PH或-PR-;-O-;及-S-,其中R為C1-C20烷基或C6-C20芳基;且Re
及Rf
獨立選自以下所組成之群組:-NH2
或-NRR’;-PH2
或-PRR’;-OH或-OR;及-SH或-SR,其中R及R’獨立為氫、C1-C20烷基或C6-C20芳基、C1-C30烷基;C6-C30芳基;C1-C30烷氧基、C1-C30雜烷基;C1-C30雜烷氧基;C6-C30芳烷基;C6-C30芳氧基;C6-C30芳基胺;C6-C30吡咯;C6-C30噻吩;C2-C30雜芳基;C2-C30雜芳烷基;C2-C30雜芳氧基;C5-C20環烷基;C2-C30雜環烷基;C2-C30烷基酯;C1-C30雜烷基酯;C6-C30芳基酯;C2-C30雜芳基酯;及彼等之組合。
在上述化學式6中,X及Y獨立選自以下所組成之群組:-NH-或-NR-;-PH-或-PR-;-O-;及-S-,其中R為C1-C20烷基或C6-C20芳基;Z為-(CR1
R2
)x
-CR3
R4
-(CR5
R6
)y
,其中R1
至R6
獨立選自以下所組成之群組:-H、C1-C20烷基、C6-C14芳基或-CH2
-ORi;其中Ri為-H、C1-C6烷基酸基、C2-C6烷酯基、C1-C6雜烷基酸基或C1-C6烷基磺酸基,且x及y獨立為範圍自0至5之整數。
R1
、R2
、R3
、R4
、R5
、及R6
較佳獨立選自以下所組成之群組:經取代或未經取代之C1-C30烷基、經取代或未經取代之C1-C30雜烷基、經取代或未經取代之C1-C30烷氧基、經取代或未經取代之C1-C30雜烷氧基、經取代或未經取代之C6-C30芳基、經取代或未經取代之C6-C30芳烷基、經取代或未經取代C6-C30芳氧基、經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜芳基、經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜芳烷基、經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜芳氧基、經取代或未經取代之C5-C20環烷基、經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜環烷基、經取代或未經取代C2-C30烷基酯、經取代或未經取代之C1-C30雜烷基酯、經取代或未經取代之C6-C30芳基酯、及經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜芳基酯。
A較佳選自以下所組成之群組:經取代或未經取代之C1-C30伸烷基、經取代或未經取代之C1-C30雜伸烷基、經取代或未經取代之C1-C30伸烷氧基、經取代或未經取代之C1-C30雜伸烷氧基、經取代或未經取代之C6-C30伸芳基、經取代或未經取代之C6-C30芳基伸烷基、經取代或未經取代之C6-C30伸芳氧基、經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜伸芳基、經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜芳基伸烷基、經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜伸芳氧基、經取代或未經取代之C5-C20伸環烷基、經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜伸環烷基、經取代或未經取代之C2-C30伸烷酯、經取代或未經取代之C1-C30雜伸烷酯、經取代或未經取代之C6-C30伸芳酯、及經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜伸芳酯。
E較佳為經鹵素取代之C2-C30碳化合物基團,其係經氮、磷、硫、矽、氧等之雜原子取代或未經取代。
以該導電性聚合物之總重為基準計,D之較佳添加比率為1至50重量%,且更佳之範圍為自1至50重量%或自1至20重量%。當該D之添加比率在1至50重量%範圍內時,可抑制導電性聚合物之黏聚現象,因此可避免在溶劑內沈澱。換言之,當至少添加1重量%之D時,其可提供能施加至該有機光電元件之導電率。然而,當添加量小於1重量%時,由於導電率太低,所以電洞注入特性顯著惡化。因此,當添加量在1至50重量%之範圍內時,其兼可提供合適分散性及合適導電率。
具有該組成物之導電性聚合物可增加電化學安定性,因為該導電性聚合物係與摻雜聚合物酸共價結合。
該導電性聚合物具有較少量藉與電子反應而分解之殘基,且可降低分子間聚集現象。因此,包括該導電性聚合物之有機光電元件可提供貯存安定性、高效率、及長使用期限。
根據另一實施例之導電性聚合物組成物包括藉以下化學式12而代表之導電性聚合物、及溶劑。
在上述化學式12中,R1
、R2
、R3
、R4
、R5
、R6
、A、B、C、D、及E與上述化學式1至3中之R1
、R2
、R3
、R4
、R5
、R6
、A、B、C、D、及E相同,且,,,且。
、m、及n較佳在如下述之範圍內:,,,且。
該導電性聚合物可進一步包括至少一選自由藉以下化學式7至11而代表之重複單元所組成之群組。
在上述化學式7中M+
係選自以下所組成之群組:H+
、鹼金屬陽離子、鹼土金屬陽離子、及銨離子(NH4 +
、NH+ 2
R1
R2
或NH+
R1
R2
R3
),R1
至R3
獨立選自以下所組成之群組:氫、經取代或未經取代之烷基、經取代或未經取代之雜烷基、經取代或未經取代之烷氧基、經取代或未經取代之雜烷氧基、經取代或未經取代之芳基、經取代或未經取代之芳烷基、經取代或未經取代之芳氧基、經取代或未經取代之雜芳基、經取代或未經取代之雜芳烷基、經取代或未經取代之雜芳氧基、經取代或未經取代之環烷基、經取代或未經取代之雜環烷基、經取代或未經取代之烷基酯、經取代或未經取代之雜烷基酯、經取代或未經取代之芳基酯、經取代或未經取代之雜芳基酯、及鹵素,且較佳為經氟(F)取代之基團,0<m<1,000,000,且x及y獨立為範圍自0至25之整數。
在上述化學式8及9中,M、m、x、及y與上述化學式7中之M、m、x、及y相同,且0<n<1,000,000。
在上述化學式10中,M、m及n與上述化學式8中之M、m及n相同,且z為範圍自0至20之整數。
在上述化學式11中,M、m、及n與上述化學式8中之M、m及n相同。
以總氫為基準計,Rg
包括1%或更多氟且係選自以下所組成之群組:經取代或未經取代之C1-C30烷基、經取代或未經取代之C1-C30雜烷基、經取代或未經取代之C1-C30烷氧基、經取代或未經取代之C1-C30雜烷氧基、經取代或未經取代之C6-C30芳基、經取代或未經取代之C6-C30芳烷基、經取代或未經取代C6-C30芳氧基、經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜芳基、經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜芳烷基、經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜芳氧基、經取代或未經取代之C5-C20環烷基、經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜環烷基、經取代或未經取代C2-C30烷基酯、經取代或未經取代之C1-C30雜烷基酯、經取代或未經取代之C6-C30芳基酯、及經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜芳基酯、及鹵素。
如上述,該由化學式12所代表之化合物係藉聚合化學式1、化學式2、及化學式3之重複單元而得到。化學式4中之該C及D鍵之結構比經簡單摻雜之導電性聚合物更具熱安定性。
此外,大量氟取代基可防止該離子型聚合物聚集以及分子間黏聚,因此可降低該導電性聚合物有機薄膜之表面粗度。
以該離子型聚合物及導電性聚合物之總量為基準計,D之添加量較佳為1至50重量%、且更佳為1至20重量%。以該離子型聚合物及導電性聚合物之總量為基準計,當D之添加量在1至50重量%範圍內時,可防止該導電性聚合物組成物聚集,因此可防止在溶劑內沈澱。換言之,當D之添加量為至少1重量%時,其可提供能施加至該有機光電元件之導電率。然而,當其添加量小於1重量%時,由於導電率太低,所以電洞注入特性會顯著惡化。因此,當其添加量在1至50重量%範圍內時,可合適地兼提供分散性及導電率。
可溶解該導電性聚合物之任何溶劑皆可作為用於製備本發明該導電性聚合物組成物之溶劑。該溶劑可以是至少一選自以下所組成之群組:水、醇、二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)、二甲基亞碸、甲苯、二甲苯、及氯苯。
在本發明該導電性聚合物組成物中,固體組份,其包括導電性聚合物化合物及/或交聯劑之含量範圍可自0.5至30重量%,且更佳自0.5至10重量%。當等固體組份之含量在該範圍內時,該固體組份之含量合適且因此該組成物之濃度亦合適。由於該濃度合適,所以可形成具有良好形狀之薄膜,且其使該方法成為優異的方法。
該導電性聚合物組成物可進一步包括能改良導電性聚合物之交聯性能的交聯劑。
該交聯劑可以是含羥基之物理交聯劑、含羥基之化學交聯劑或其等之組合。
用於本發明之物理交聯劑為一種用於物理性交聯聚合物鏈而非化學偶合之材料。該物理交聯劑係指含羥基(-OH)之低分子量或聚合物化合物。該物理交聯劑之實例包括低分子量化合物,諸如甘油及丁醇;及聚合物化合物,諸如聚乙烯醇及聚乙二醇。而且,聚乙二亞胺及聚乙烯吡咯啶酮可作為該物理交聯劑。
相對於100重量份該導電性聚合物,該物理交聯劑之含量範圍可以自0.001至5重量份、且更明確地,自0.1至3重量份。當物理交聯劑之含量在該範圍內時,該交聯劑可有效地作用,且可有效地維持該導電性聚合物之薄膜形態。
化學交聯劑為一種用於化學性交聯聚合物鏈之材料,且其係為一種可用於原位聚合反應且可形成互穿透聚合物網絡(IPN)之化學材料。就該化學交聯劑而言,通常使用矽烷材料,且,例如使用四乙基氧矽烷(TEOS)作為化學交聯劑。此外,聚吖(polyaziridine)、三聚氰胺材料、及環氧材料可作為該化學交聯劑。
相對於100重量份導電性聚合物,該化學交聯劑之含量範圍可以自0.001至50重量份、且更明確地,自1至10重量份。當化學交聯劑之含量在該範圍內時,該交聯劑可有效地作用且不會影響該導電性聚合物,因此可維持合適導電率。
當使用該物理交聯劑與化學交聯劑之混合物時,可在上述之其等含量範圍內合適地製備該混合物。
本發明該導電性聚合物組成物可進一步包括有機鹽。
該有機鹽可轉移一元件內之導電性聚合物,藉以改良電流穩定性、使用期限、及電化學穩定性。該有機鹽之實例包括咪銼鹽、噻銼鹽、吡錠鹽、吡咯錠鹽、及哌啶鹽。
相對於100重量份導電性聚合物化合物,該有機鹽之含量範圍可以自0.001至10重量份、且更明確地、自0.01至3重量份。當相對於100重量份導電性聚合物化合物,該有機鹽之含量在0.001至10重量份之範圍內時,具有以下優點:該導電性聚合物組成物之物理性質並未改變。
當根據本發明之一實施例的該導電性聚合物組成物係用於製造有機光電元件時,其係塗覆在基片上。文中,係移除大部份其溶劑且該導電性聚合物組成物維持呈導電性聚合物有機薄膜形式。
根據另一實施例,係提供包括藉使用導電性聚合物組成物而形成之導電性聚合物有機薄膜的有機光電元件。該光電元件可藉有機發光二極體、有機太陽能電池、有機電晶體、有機記憶體裝置等而例示。
在一有機光電元件中,該導電性聚合物組成物係用於電荷注入層,亦即電洞或電子注入層(EIL)。該有機光電元件之發光強度及效率係藉均勻地且有效地注入電洞及電子而增強。
而且,就有機太陽能電池而言,本發明該導電性聚合物層組成物係作為電極或電極緩衝層,藉以增加量子效率。就有機電晶體而言,其可作為閘或源-汲極電極內之電極材料。
下文,描述施加該導電性聚合物組成物至有機光電元件之步驟。
本發明內所建議之有機光電元件的製法並不需要特定設備或方法,且可經由使用典型導電性聚合物組成物之有機光電元件製法而製造本發明該有機光電元件。
第1A至1D圖表示根據較佳實施例之有機光電元件的結構。
第1A圖之有機光電元件包括在第一電極10上所形成之發光層12、配置在第一電極10與該發光層之間之包括本發明導電性聚合物組成物的電洞注入層(HIL)11、位於發光層12之上面的電洞阻擋層(HBL)13、及位於電洞阻擋層(HBL)13之上面的第二電極14。該電洞注入層(HIL)11可稱為緩衝層。
除了在發光層12之上面形成電子傳輸層(ETL)以取代電洞阻擋層(HBL)13不同外,第1B圖之有機光電元件具有與第1A圖相同之堆疊結構。
除了在發光層12之上面形成連續堆疊於其中之電洞阻擋層(HBL)13與電子傳輸層(ETL)15之雙層不同外,第1C圖之有機光電元件具有與第1A圖相同之堆疊結構。
除了電洞傳輸層(HTL)16係在電洞注入層(HIL)11與發光層12之間形成不同外,第1D圖之有機光電元件具有與第1C圖相同之結構。文中,該電洞傳輸層(HTL)16可抑制雜質自由洞注入層(HTL)11滲透至發光層12。
可經由一般製法而製造具有第1A至1D圖之堆疊結構的有機光電元件。
首先,在基片上形成圖案化第一電極10。該基片為習用於有機光電元件之基片,且可以是具有優異一般透明性、表面平滑性、容易處理性、及拒水性之玻璃基片或透明塑膠基片。該基片具有0.3至1.1毫米之厚度。
用於形成第一電極10之材料並未明確受限。當該第一電極為陰極時,係使用可輕易進行電洞注入之導電性金屬或其氧化物以形成該陰極。該等材料之實例包括氧化銦錫(ITO)、氧化銦鋅(IZO)、鎳(Ni)、鉑(Pt)、金(Au)、銥(Ir)等。
清潔該包括第一電極10之基片並使其進行UV臭氧處理。有機溶劑,諸如異丙醇(IPA)、丙酮等可用於該清潔方法。
該電洞注入層(HIL)11係在經清潔基片之第一電極10上形成,且其包括本發明該導電性聚合物組成物。電洞注入層(HIL)11之形成可降低第一電極10與發光層12間之接觸電阻,且同時可改良第一電極10對發光層12之電洞轉移能力。因此,可普遍性改良該元件之驅動電壓及使用期限特性。
該電洞注入層HIL 11之形成步驟如下:在溶劑內溶解本發明該導電性聚合物及可視需要選用之交聯劑以製備用於形成電洞注入層(HIL)之組成物,經由旋塗法以該用於形成電洞注入層(HIL)之所製成組成物塗覆第一電極10之上部份,並乾燥該組成物。
文中,該電洞注入層(HIL)11之厚度範圍可以自5至200奈米、且更明確地,自20至100奈米。當電洞注入層(HIL)11之厚度在該範圍內時,該電洞注入可合適地作用,且光透射可維持於良好程度下。
發光層12係配置在電洞注入層(HIL)11上。該發光層材料並未明確受限。該材料之特定實例包括二唑二聚物染料(Bis-DAPOXP))、螺環化合物(Spiro-DPVBi,Spiro-6P)、三芳基胺化合物、雙(苯乙烯基)胺(DPVBi、DSA)、Flrpic、CzTT、蒽、TPB、PPCP、DST、TPA、OXD-4、BBOT、及AZM-Zn(發藍光)、香豆素(coumarin)6、C545T、喹吖酮(quinacridone)、及Ir(ppy)3(發綠光);DCM1、DCM2、Eu(噻吩甲醯基三氟丙酮)3(Eu(TTA)3及1,1,7,7-四甲基咯啶基-9-烯基)-4H-哌喃:DCJTB)(發紅光)等。此外可使用聚合物發光材料。該等聚合物發光材料包括以下聚合物,諸如以伸苯基為主、以伸苯基伸乙烯基為主、以噻吩為主、主氟為主、及以螺環-茀為主之聚合物或包括氮之芳香族化合物,但不限於彼等。
該發光層12之厚度範圍可自10至500奈米、且更明確地,自50至120奈米。當發光層12之厚度在該範圍內時,可合適地維持漏電流量及驅動電壓增加,因此能有效地增加使用期限。
可添加摻質至該用於形成發光層之組成物。該摻質之含量可根據用於形成發光層之材料而不同,但是一般而言,相對於該用於形成發光層之100重量份材料(主體材料及摻質之總重),該摻質之含量範圍可以自30至80重量份。當摻質之含量在該範圍內時,可有效地維持EL元件之發光特性。該摻質之實例包括芳基胺、以芘基(peril)為主之化合物、以吡咯為主之化合物、以腙為主之化合物、以咔唑(carbazole)為主之化合物、以茋(stilbene)為主之化合物、以星團型(starburst)為主之化合物、及以二唑為主之化合物。
可選擇性地在電洞注入層(HIL)11與發光層12之間形成電洞傳輸層(HTL)16。
用於形成該電洞傳輸層(HTL)之材料並未明確受限。然而,其可包括至少一選自以下化合物所組成之群組:咔唑及/或芳基胺,其可傳輸電洞;以酞青為主之化合物;及三伸苯基衍生物。該電洞傳輸層(THL)材料包括至少一選自以下所組成之群組的材料:1,3,5-三咔唑基苯、4,4’-雙咔唑基聯苯、聚乙烯咔唑、間-雙咔唑基苯基、4,4’-雙咔唑基-2,2’-二甲基聯苯、4,4’,4”-三(N-咔唑基)三苯基胺、1,3,5-三(2-咔唑苯基)苯、1,3,5-三(2-咔唑基-5-甲氧基苯基)苯、雙(4-咔唑苯基)矽烷、N,N’-雙(3-甲基苯基)-N,N’-二苯基-[1,1-聯苯]-4,4’二胺(TPD)、N,N’-二(萘-1-基)-N,N’-二苯基聯苯胺(α-NPD)、N,N’-二苯基-N,N’-雙(1-萘基)-(1,1’-聯苯)-4,4’-二胺(NPB)、IDE320(Idemitsu Kosan Co.,Ltd.)聚(9,9-二辛基茀-共-N-(4-丁基苯基)二苯基胺)(TFB)、及聚(9,9-二辛基茀-共-雙-N,N-苯基-1,4-苯二胺)(PFB),但並不限於彼等。
該電洞傳輸層(HTL)16可具有範圍為自1至100奈米、且更明確地,自5至50奈米之厚度。當電洞傳輸層(HTL)16之厚度在該範圍內時,該電洞傳輸層(HTL)16可維持合適電洞傳輸能力及合適驅動電壓程度。
可經由沈積或旋塗法而將電洞阻擋層13及/或電子傳輸層(ETL)15配置在發光層12上。該電洞阻擋層13可防止發光材料內所形成之激子轉移至電子傳輸層(ETL)15或可防止電洞轉移至電子傳輸層(ETL)15。
用於形成電洞阻擋層13之材料的實例包括以啡啉為主之化合物(例如UDC Company之BCP)、以咪唑為主之化合物、以三唑為主之化合物、以二唑為主之化合物(例如市售PBD)、鋁錯合物(UDC Company)、BAlq等。
該電子傳輸層ETL 15包括一選自以下之材料:以唑為主之化合物、以異-唑為主之化合物、以三唑為主之化合物、以異噻唑為主之化合物、以二唑為主之化合物、以噻二唑為主之化合物、以苝為主之化合物、鋁錯合物(Alq3(三(8-喹啉根基)-鋁))、BAlq、SAlq、Almg3、鎵錯合物(Gaq’2OPiv)、Gaq’2OAc、2(Gaq’2)等。
該電洞阻擋層具有5奈米至100奈米之厚度,且該電子傳輸層(ETL)具有5奈米至100奈米之厚度。當該電洞阻擋層與電子傳輸層(ETL)之厚度超出上述範圍,電子傳輸或電洞阻隔性能並不足夠。
該第二電極14係配置在如上述所製成之堆疊結構上,且將所形成材料密封以完成有機光電元件之製造。
該等用於形成第二電極14之材料並未明確受限,但是該等材料可以是具有小功函數之金屬,諸如LiCs、Ba、Ca、Ca/Al、LiF/Ca、LiF/Al、BaF2
/Ca、Mg、Ag、Al或其等之合金或其等之多層。該第二電極14之厚度範圍可自50至3000埃()。
下文,在以下實例中,當施加包括與聚酸化學性結合之導電性聚合物的接枝共聚物時,其並不會藉元件內所產生之熱而去摻雜。此外,該氟基可降低導電性聚合物之聚集現象以增加貯存安定性並抑制吸濕性。因此,參考特定代表性實施例,已描述可改良該有機光電元件之效率特性及使用期限特性。在該等實例中,化學式並未藉精確化學式而代表,但是其係僅以代表性實施例加以闡明且為了更有效地瞭解本揭示內容,其等在一反應中具有無規結構。因此,該導電性聚合物組成物係以無規共聚物之形式加以闡明。一般技術者可充份瞭解未明確描述之部份本發明。
添加12克由Sigma Aldrich Company所製成之苯乙烯磺酸鈉(SSNa)(化學式13-1)、3.4克(以苯乙烯磺酸鈉(SSNa)為基準計,相當於30莫耳%)五氟苯乙烯(化學式15)、及0.83克(以兩單體之總量為基準計,相當於5莫耳%)4-第三-丁基氧羰基胺基苯乙烯(化學式14-1)至100毫升二甲基亞碸(DMSO)並加熱以完全溶解。
使0.3克偶氮雙異丁腈(AIBN)溶解在二甲基亞碸(DMSO)中並一滴滴添加至所獲得溶液,然合聚合,費時超過48小時。
使所獲得反應物沈澱在丙酮內並於室溫下靜置。使用濾器移除所形成沈澱物以得到聚(苯乙烯磺酸鈉-第三-丁基氧羰基胺基苯乙烯-五氟苯乙烯)共聚物{P(SSNa-BOCAmS-PFS)}。化學式13-1:化學式14-1:化學式15之莫耳比為15:1:5。
使所獲得聚合物A前驅物溶解在250毫升之3N HCl水性溶液內並攪拌一小時或更久。然後使用由Millipore所製造之Amberite IR-120之陽離子樹脂、及Prep/Scale TFF膜以充份地移除所製成之NaCl鹽以得到具有以下化學式13-2、化學式14-2、及化學式15之無規重複單元的聚(苯乙烯磺酸鈉-苯乙烯銨-五氟苯乙烯)共聚物{P(SSNa-AmS-PFS)}水性溶液。化學式13-2:化學式14-2:化學式15之莫耳比為15:1:5。
添加12克由Sigma Aldrich Company所製造之苯乙烯磺酸鈉(SSNa)、2.3克(以苯乙烯磺酸鈉(SSNa)為基準計,相當於20莫耳%)五氟苯乙烯、及0.61克(以兩單體為基準計,相當於4莫耳%)4-第三丁基氧羰基胺基苯乙烯至250毫升二甲基亞碸(DMSO)內並加熱至完全溶解。
使0.3克偶氮雙異丁腈(AIBN)溶解在二甲基亞碸(DMSO)中並一滴滴添加至所獲得溶液,然合聚合,費時超過48小時。
使所獲得反應物沈澱在丙酮內並於室溫下靜置。使用濾器移除所形成沈澱物以得到聚(苯乙烯磺酸鈉-第三-丁基氧羰基胺基苯乙烯-五氟苯乙烯)共聚物{P(SSNa-BOCAmS-PFS)}。化學式13-1:化學式14-1:化學式15之莫耳比為20:1:4。
使所獲得聚合物溶解在250毫升之3N HCl水性溶液內並攪拌一小時或更久。然後使用由Millipore所製造之Amberite IR-120之陽離子樹脂及Prep/Scale TFF膜充份地移除所製成之NaCl鹽以得到具有化學式13-2、化學式14-2、及化學式15之無規重複單元的聚(苯乙烯磺酸-苯乙烯銨-五氟苯乙烯)共聚物{P(SSNa-AmS-PFS)}水性溶液。化學式13-2:化學式14-2:化學式15之莫耳比為20:1:4。
添加12克由Sigma Aldrich Company所製成之苯乙烯磺酸鈉(SSNa)、1.6克(以苯乙烯磺酸鈉(SSNa)為基準計,相當於10莫耳%)五氟苯乙烯、及0.61克(以兩單體為基準計,4莫耳%)4-第三-丁基氧羰基胺基苯乙烯至10毫升二甲基亞碸(DMSO)並加熱至完全溶解。
使0.3克偶氮雙異丁腈(AIBN)溶解在二甲基亞碸(DMSO)中並一滴滴添加,然後聚合,費時超過48小時。
使所獲得反應物沈澱在丙酮內並於室溫下靜置。使用濾器移除所形成沈澱物以得到聚(苯乙烯磺酸鈉-第三-丁基氧羰基胺基苯乙烯-五氟苯乙烯)共聚物{P(SSNa-BOCAmS-PFS)}。化學式13-1:化學式14-1:化學式15之莫耳比為24:1:3。
使所獲得聚合物溶解在250毫升之3N HCl水性溶液內並攪拌一小時或更久。然後使用由Millipore所製造之Amberite IR-120之陽離子樹脂及Prep/Scale TFF膜充份地移除所製成之NaCl鹽以得到具有無規重複單元之聚(苯乙烯磺)酸-苯乙烯銨-五氟苯乙烯)共聚物{P(SSA-AmS-PFS)}水性溶液。化學式13-2:化學式14-2:化學式15之莫耳比為24:1:3。
添加12克由Sigma Aldrich Company所製造之苯乙烯磺酸鈉(SSNa)及0.61克4-第三-丁基氧羰基胺基苯乙烯至100毫升二甲基亞碸(DMSO)並加熱至完全溶解。
使0.3克偶氮雙異丁腈(AIBN)溶解在二甲基亞碸(DMSO)中並一滴滴添加,然後聚合,費時超過48小時。
使所獲得反應物沈澱在丙酮內並於室溫下靜置。使用濾器移除沈澱物以得到聚(苯乙烯磺酸鈉-第三丁基氧羰基胺基苯乙烯)共聚物{P(SSNa-BOCAmS)}水性溶液。化學式13-1:化學式14-1之莫耳比為19:1。
使所獲得聚合物溶解在250毫升之3N HCl水性溶液內並攪拌一小時或更久。然後使用由Millipore所製造之Amberite IR-120之陽離子樹脂及Prep/Scale TFF膜充份地移除所製成之NaCl鹽以得到具有無規重複單元之聚(苯乙烯磺)酸-苯乙烯銨)共聚物{P(SSA-AmS)}水性溶液。化學式13-2:化學式14-2之莫耳比為19:1。
添加12克由Sigma Aldrich Company所製造之苯乙烯磺酸鈉(SSNa)、2.3克(以苯乙烯磺酸鈉為基準計,相當於20莫耳%)五氟苯乙烯、及0.79克(以兩單體為基準計,相當於5莫耳%)由以下化學式所代表之2-苯乙烯基(3,4-乙二氧基)吡咯入250毫升二甲基亞碸(DMSO)中並加熱至完全溶解。
使0.3克偶氮雙異丁腈(AIBN)溶解在二甲基亞碸(DMSO)中並一滴滴添加,然後聚合,費時超過48小時。
使所獲得反應物沈澱在丙酮內並於室溫下靜置。使用濾器移除沈澱物以得到聚(苯乙烯磺酸鈉-苯乙烯基(3,4-乙二氧基)吡咯-五氟苯乙烯)共聚物{P(SSNa-StEDOP-PFS)}。化學式13-1:化學式16:化學式15之莫耳比為15:1:5。
使所獲得聚合物溶解在250毫升之3N HCl水性溶液內並攪拌一小時或更久。然後使用由Millipore所製造之Amberite IR-120之陽離子樹脂及Prep/Scale TFF膜充份地移除所製成之NaCl鹽以得到具有由化學式13-2、化學式16、及化學式15所代表之無規重複單元的聚(苯乙烯磺酸-苯乙烯基(3,4-乙二氧基)吡咯-五氟苯乙烯)共聚物{P(SSA-StEDOP-PFS)}水性溶液。化學式13-2:化學式16:化學式15之莫耳比為15:1:5。
添加12克由Sigma Aldrich Company所製造之苯乙烯磺酸鈉(SSNa)、2.3克(以苯乙烯磺酸鈉(SSNa)為基準計,相當於20莫耳%)五氟苯乙烯、及0.85克(以兩單體為基準計,相當於5莫耳%)由以下化學式17所代表之2-苯乙烯基(3,4-乙二氧基)噻吩至250毫升二甲基亞碸(DMSO)並加熱至完全溶解。
使0.3克偶氮雙異丁腈(AIBN)溶解在二甲基亞碸(DMSO)中並一滴滴添加,然後聚合,費時超過48小時。
使所獲得反應物沈澱在丙酮內並於室溫下靜置。使用濾器移除沈澱物以得到聚(苯乙烯磺酸鈉-苯乙烯基(3,4-乙二氧基)噻吩-五氟苯乙烯)共聚物{P(SSNa-StDOT-PFS)}。化學式13-1:化學式17:化學式15之莫耳比為16:1:3。
使所獲得聚合物溶解在250毫升之3N HCl水性溶液內並攪拌一小時或更久。然後使用由Millipore所製造之Amberite IR-120之陽離子樹脂及Prep/Scale TFF膜充份地移除所製成之NaCl鹽以得到具有化學式13-2、化學式17、及化學式16所代表之無規重複單元的聚(苯乙烯酸-苯乙烯基(3,4-乙二氧基)噻吩-五氟苯乙烯)共聚物{P(SSA-StEDOT-PFS)}水性溶液。化學式13-2:化學式17:化學式16之莫耳比為15:1:3。
根據由化學式15所代表之疏水性單體、由化學式14-1所代表之與聚酸化學性結合之單體、由化學式13-1所代表之單體、及親水性苯乙烯磺酸鈉之比率,該導電性聚合物對水具有不同溶度。因此,測定具有如表1內所示之數量比率的合成實例1至6以決定其溶度。製備該合成導電性聚合物以得到2重量%水性溶液,且使用具有13毫米直徑之0.45微米PVDF注射濾器以分析過濾程度。為了表示溶度,將0指定為以3毫升或更高過濾之情況;將X指定為無以0.5毫升或更高過濾之情況;且將Δ指定為以0.5毫升或更多且小於3毫升過濾之情況。如下表1內所示,所有合成實例1至6皆具有優異溶度。
以1:1之比率混合由合成實例1:1所代表之共聚物水性溶液(共聚物含量:2克)、及10重量%由以下化學式13所代表之NAFION的離子型聚合物水性溶液以得到溶液。以4克固體NAFION及該共聚物為基準計,添加14重量%之苯胺在水中之溶液至該溶液內,並於0℃下使用過硫酸銨氧化劑進行聚合,費時12小時以得到自摻雜之導電性聚合物。根據離子交換樹脂或滲析法而純化所形成鹽及副產物鹽。
使用包括所獲得自摻雜之導電性聚合物化合物之水性溶液以製成導電性聚合物組成物。添加1.2至1.5重量%(固體數量比率)之該導電性聚合物。
除了該得自合成實例1之共聚物水性溶液、及NAFION係以2:1而非1:1之比率混合並聚合不同外,根據與實例1相同之程序而製備導電性聚合物組成物。
除了該得自合成實例1之共聚物水性溶液、及NAFION係以5:1而非1:1之比率混合並聚合不同外,根據與實例1相同之程序而製備導電性聚合物組成物。
除了該得自合成實例3之共聚物水性溶液、及NAFION係以1:1之比率混合並聚合,而非以1:1之比率混合得自合成實例1之共聚物水性溶液、及NAFION並聚合不同外,根據與實例1相同之程序而製備導電性聚合物組成物。
除了該得自合成實例3之共聚物水性溶液、及NAFION係以2:1而非1:1之比率混合並聚合不同外,根據與實例4相同之程序而製備導電性聚合物組成物。
除了該得自合成實例3之共聚物水性溶液、與NAFION係以5:1之比率混合並聚合不同外,根據與實例4相同之程序而製備電性聚合物組成物。
除了該得自合成實例4之共聚物水性溶液、及NAFION係以1:1之比率混合並聚合而非以1:1之比率混合得自合成實例1之共聚物水性溶液、及NAFION並聚合不同外,根據與實例1相同之程序而製備導電性聚合物組成物。
除了該得自合成實例4之共聚物水性溶液、及NAFION係以5:1而非1:1之比率混合並聚合不同外,根據與比較例1相同之程序而製備導電性聚合物組成物。
除了該得自合成實例4之共聚物水性溶液、及NAFION係以1:1之比率摻合而非以1:1之比率混合並聚合不同外,根據與比較例1相同之程序而製備導電性聚合物組成物。
除了該得自合成實例4之共聚物水性溶液、及NAFION係以1:1之比率摻合而非以1:1之比率摻合不同外,根據與比較例3相同之程序而製備導電性聚合物組成物。
除了該得自合成實例4之共聚物水性溶液、及NAFION係以5:1而非1:1之比率摻合不同外,根據與比較例3相同之程序而製備導電性聚合物組成物。
為了確認該等實例及比較例之過濾性質,使用具有13毫米直徑之0.45微米PVDF注射濾器過濾各5毫升以測定溶度。其結果示於下表2內。為了表示溶度,將O指定為無以3毫升或更高過濾之情況;且將X指定為無以0.5毫升或更高過濾之情況:且將Δ指定為無以0.5毫升或更高且小於3毫升過濾之情況。
為了評估該等實例及比較例之薄膜特性,使用AFM設備測定表面精度。其結果示於下表2內。
參考表2,由於具有疏水基團,所根據本揭示內容之該導電性聚合物組成物具有優異溶度,且可降低NAFION之聚集以彌補該表面粗度。
將得自Corning Company之15Ψ/厘米2
1200埃ITO玻璃基片切割成50毫米(寬)×50毫米(長)×0.7毫米(厚)之大小,在異丙醇及去離子水中使用超音波進行沖洗,費時5分鐘,並經紫外線及臭氧清潔、費時30分鐘。
使上述製成之基片經實例1、2、3、6、及比較例5之導電性聚合物組成物旋塗以形成300奈米厚之電洞注入層(HIL)。
在該電洞注入單元之上部位內形成具有發綠光聚合物之700奈米厚之發光層並在該發光層上形成具有2奈米LiF及100奈米Al之第二電極以製造有機光電元件。
使用SpectraScan PR650分光輻射計測定根據實例1、2、3、及6、與比較例5之有機光電元件的發光效率。其結果示於下表3內。
參考表3,根據實例1及2之有機光電元件為具有優異的最大發光效率之良好元件。
雖然難以直接比較並未最佳化之元件,但是已確認得自實例1及2之有機光電元件的最大發光效率比比較例5之最大發光效率高200%或更高。
本發明並不限於該等以圖示及附表加以闡明之實施例,但是一般技術者可使用包括在附加申請專利之精神及範圍內的各種修飾法及同等裝置加以製造。因此,上述實施例應被視為僅具例證性,而無論如此並非對本發明之限制。
10...第一電極
11...緩衝層
12...發光層
13...電洞阻擋層
14...第二電極
15...電子傳輸層(ETL)
16...電洞傳輸層(HTL)
第1A至1D圖為根據本發明實施例之有機發光二極體的示意橫截面圖。
10...第一電極
11...緩衝層
12...發光層
13...電洞阻擋層
14...第二電極
Claims (19)
- 一種導電性聚合物,其包含由以下化學式1、以下化學式2、及以下化學式3所代表之重複單元:[化學式1]
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之導電性聚合物,其中R1 、R2 、R3 、R4 、R5 、及R6 係獨立選自以下所組成之群組:經取代或未經取代之C1-C30烷基、經取代或未經取代之C1-C30雜烷基、經取代或未經取代之C1-C30烷氧基、經取代或未經取代之C1-C30雜烷氧基、經取代或未經取代之C6-C30芳基、經取代或未經取代之C6-C30芳烷基、經取代或未經取代C6-C30芳氧基、經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜芳基、經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜芳烷基、經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜芳氧基、經取代或未經取代之C5-C20環烷基、經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜環烷基、經取代或未經取代C2-C30烷基酯、經取代或未經取代之C1-C30雜烷基酯、經取代或未經取代之C6-C30芳基酯、及經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜芳基酯,A係選自以下所組成之群組:經取代或未經取代之C1-C30伸烷基、經取代或未經取代之C1-C30雜伸烷基、經取代或未經取代之C1-C30伸烷氧基、經取代或未經取代之C1-C30雜伸烷氧基、經取代或未經取代之C6-C30伸芳基、經取代或未經取代之C6-C30芳基伸烷基、經取代或未經取代之C6-C30伸芳氧基、經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜伸芳基、經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜芳基伸烷基、經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜伸芳氧基、經取代或未經取代之C5-C20伸環烷基、經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜伸環烷基、經取代或未經取代之C2-C30伸烷酯、經取代或未經取代之C1-C30雜伸烷酯、經取代或未經取代之C6-C30伸芳酯、及經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜伸芳酯,且E為經鹵素取代之C2-C30碳化合物基團,其係經氮、磷、硫、矽或氧之雜原子取代或未經取代。
- 一種導電性聚合物組成物,其包含由以下化學式12所代表之導電性聚合物,及溶劑[化學式12]
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之導電性聚合物組成物,其中R1 、R2 、R3 、R4 、R5 、及R6 係獨立選自以下所組成之群組:經取代或未經取代之C1-C30烷基、經取代或未經取代之C1-C30雜烷基、經取代或未經取代之C1-C30烷氧基、經取代或未經取代之C1-C30雜烷氧基、經取代或未經取代之C6-C30芳基、經取代或未經取代之C6-C30芳烷基、經取代或未經取代C6-C30芳氧基、經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜芳基、經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜芳烷基、經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜芳氧基、經取代或未經取代之C5-C20環烷基、經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜環烷基、經取代或未經取代C2-C30烷基酯、經取代或未經取代之C1-C30雜烷基酯、經取代或未經取代之C6-C30芳基酯、及經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜芳基酯,A係選自以下所組成之群組:經取代或未經取代之C1-C30伸烷基、經取代或未經取代之C1-C30雜伸烷基、經取代或未經取代之C1-C30伸烷氧基、經取代或未經取代之C1-C30雜伸烷氧基、經取代或未經取代之C6-C30伸芳基、經取代或未經取代之C6-C30芳基伸烷基、經取代或未經取代之C6-C30伸芳氧基、經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜伸芳基、經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜芳基伸烷基、經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜伸芳氧基、經取代或未經取代之C5-C20伸環烷基、經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜伸環烷基、經取代或未經取代之C2-C30伸烷酯、經取代或未經取代之C1-C30雜伸烷酯、經取代或未經取代之C6-C30伸芳酯、及經取代或未經取代之C2-C30雜伸芳酯,且E為經鹵素取代之C2-C30碳化合物基團,其係經氮、磷、硫、矽或氧之雜原子取代或未經取代。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之導電性聚合物組成物,其中該導電性聚合物進一步包含至少一選自由藉以下化學式7至11而代表之重複單元所組成的群組:[化學式7]
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之導電性聚合物組成物,其中該溶劑包含一選自由水、醇、二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)、二甲基亞碸、甲苯、二甲苯、氯苯、及其等之組合所組成之群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之導電性聚合物組成物,其進一步包含一交聯劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之導電性聚合物組成物,其中該交聯劑係選自以下所組成之群組:含羥基之物理交聯劑、含羥基之化學交聯劑或其等之混合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之導電性聚合物組成物,其中該物理交聯劑包含一選自以下所組成之群組:甘油、丁醇、聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、聚乙二亞胺、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、及其等之混合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之導電性聚合物組成物,其中相對於100重量份該導電性聚合物,該被包括的物理交聯劑之含量為0.001至5重量份。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之導電性聚合物組成物,其中該化學交聯劑包含一選自以下所組成之群組:四乙基氧矽烷、聚吖、以三聚氰胺為主之聚合物、以環氧為主之聚合物、及其等之組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之導電性聚合物組成物,其中相對於100重量份該導電性聚合物,該被包括的化學交聯劑之含量為0.001至50重量份。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之導電性聚合物組成物,其進一步包含有機鹽。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項之導電性聚合物組成物,其中該有機鹽包含一選自以下所組成之群組:咪銼鹽、噻銼鹽、吡錠鹽、吡咯錠鹽、及哌錠鹽。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項之導電性聚合物組成物,其中相對於100重量份該導電性聚合物,該被包括的有機鹽之含量為0.1至10重量份。
- 一種使用如申請專利範圍第3至15項中之一項之導電性聚合物組成物所製成的導電性聚合物有機薄膜。
- 一種包含如申請專利範圍第16項之導電性聚合物有機薄膜的有機光電元件。
- 如申請專利範圍第17項之有機光電元件,其中該有機光電元件為一有機發光二極體。
- 如申請專利範圍第17項之有機光電元件,其中該導電性聚合物有機薄膜為一電洞或一電子注入層。
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TW201030029A (en) | 2010-08-16 |
EP2370543A4 (en) | 2013-11-20 |
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KR101212672B1 (ko) | 2012-12-14 |
EP2370543A1 (en) | 2011-10-05 |
WO2010074432A1 (en) | 2010-07-01 |
JP5678892B2 (ja) | 2015-03-04 |
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