TWI399992B - 無線通信系統之干擾控制 - Google Patents
無線通信系統之干擾控制 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
- H04W52/24—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
- H04W28/04—Error control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
- H04W28/24—Negotiating SLA [Service Level Agreement]; Negotiating QoS [Quality of Service]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
- H04W52/24—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters
- H04W52/243—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters taking into account interferences
- H04W52/244—Interferences in heterogeneous networks, e.g. among macro and femto or pico cells or other sector / system interference [OSI]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
- H04W52/26—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using transmission rate or quality of service QoS [Quality of Service]
- H04W52/265—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using transmission rate or quality of service QoS [Quality of Service] taking into account the quality of service QoS
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
- H04W72/54—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria
- H04W72/541—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria using the level of interference
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
- H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
- H04B17/345—Interference values
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/06—TPC algorithms
- H04W52/14—Separate analysis of uplink or downlink
- H04W52/146—Uplink power control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
- H04W52/24—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters
- H04W52/247—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters where the output power of a terminal is based on a path parameter sent by another terminal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/30—TPC using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
- H04W52/36—TPC using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power with a discrete range or set of values, e.g. step size, ramping or offsets
- H04W52/362—Aspects of the step size
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W92/00—Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks
- H04W92/16—Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices
- H04W92/20—Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices between access points
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Description
本揭示案大體上係關於通信,且更特定言之,係關於無線通信系統之干擾控制。
無線多向近接通信系統可在前向鏈路及反向鏈路上與多個終端同時通信。前向鏈路(或下行鏈路)係指自基地台至終端之通信鏈路。反向鏈路(或上行鏈路)係指自終端至基地台之通信鏈路。多個終端可同時在反向鏈路上發射資料及/或在前向鏈路上接收資料。此通常藉由多工在時域、頻域及/或碼域中彼此正交之每一鏈路上的傳輸來達成。
在反向鏈路上,來自與不同基地台通信之終端之傳輸通常彼此不正交。因而,每一終端可對與鄰近基地台通信之其他終端造成干擾且亦可接收來自此等其他終端之干擾。每一終端之效能由來自與其他基地台通信之其他終端之干擾降級。
因此,此項技術需要減輕無線通信系統之干擾的技術。
本文描述用於在無線通信系統中控制由每一扇區自相鄰扇區觀測得之干擾的技術。術語“扇區”可係指一基地台或該基地台之覆蓋區域。一扇區m
估計自相鄰扇區中之終端觀測得之干擾且獲得一干擾估計。對於基於使用者之干擾控制而言,扇區m
基於該干擾估計而產生一無線傳輸(OTA)其他扇區干擾(OSI)報告且可將該OTA OSI報告廣播至相鄰扇區中之終端。此等終端可基於來自扇區m
之OTA OSI報告而自發調整其發射功率(若必要的話),以減少由扇區m
觀測得之干擾量。該OTA OSI報告可指示由扇區m
觀測得之多個可能干擾位準中之一者。視由扇區m
觀測得之干擾位準而定,相鄰扇區中之終端可以不同量及/或以不同速率來調整其發射功率。
對於基於網路之干擾控制而言,扇區m
基於干擾估計而產生一扇區間(IS)OSI報告,且將該IS OSI報告發送至相鄰扇區。該IS OSI報告可與該OTA OSI報告相同或可為更全面的。扇區m
亦接收來自相鄰扇區之IS OSI報告且基於該等接收之IS OSI報告來調節扇區m
中之終端之資料傳輸。扇區m
可藉由以下操作來調節資料傳輸:(1)控制新終端進入扇區m
;(2)重指派已允許進入之終端;(3)以一方式排程扇區m
中之終端以減少對相鄰扇區之干擾;及/或(4)將對相鄰扇區造成較少干擾之訊務通道指派給扇區m
中之終端。
下文將進一步詳細描述本發明之各種態樣及實施例。
本文所使用之詞"例示性"意指"充當一實例、例子或說明"。本文中被描述為"例示性"之任一實施例或設計未必被解釋為與其它實施例或設計相比為較佳的或更有利的。
圖1展示具有多個基地台110及多個終端120之無線通信系統100。基地台通常為一與終端通信之固定台且亦可被稱為一存取點(節點B)或一些其他術語。每一基地台110為一特定地理區域102a、102b及102c提供通信覆蓋。視術語所用於之內容而定,術語"扇區"可係指一BTS及/或其覆蓋區域。對於一分區(sectorized)單元而言,用於彼單元之所有扇區之BTS通常共同定位於用於該單元之基地台中。一系統控制器130耦接至基地台110且為此等基地台提供協調及控制。
終端可為固定或行動的,且亦可被稱為行動台、無線設備、使用者設備或一些其他術語。每一終端可在任一特定時刻與零個、一個或多個基地台通信。
本文所描述之干擾控制技術可用於具有分區單元之系統及具有未分區單元之系統。在以下描述中,術語"扇區"係指(1)用於具有分區單元之系統的習知BTS及/或其覆蓋區域及(2)用於具有未分區單元之系統的習知基地台及/或其覆蓋區域。術語"終端"及"使用者"可交換地使用,且術語"扇區"及"基地台"亦可交換地使用。服務基地台/扇區係終端與之通信的基地台/扇區。相鄰基地台/扇區係終端不與之通信的基地台/扇區。
干擾控制技術亦可用於各種多向近接通信系統。舉例而言,此等技術可用於一劃碼多向近接(CDMA)系統、劃頻多向近接(FDMA)系統、劃時多向近接(TDMA)系統、正交劃頻多向近接(OFDMA)系統、交錯(IFDMA)系統、定域FDMA(LFDMA)系統、劃空多向近接(SDMA)系統、準正交多向近接系統等。IFDMA亦稱為分散式FDMA,且LFDMA亦稱為窄頻FDMA或經典FDMA。OFDMA系統利用正交劃頻多工(OFDM)。OFDM、IFDMA及LFDMA有效地將整個系統頻寬分割成多個(K個)正交頻率子頻帶。此等子頻帶亦稱為音調、副載波、儲存箱等。每一子頻帶與可使用資料調變之個別副載波相關聯。OFDM在K個子頻帶之所有或子集上在頻域中傳輸調變符號。IFDMA在均勻分散於K個子頻帶上之子頻帶上在時域中傳輸調變符號。LFDMA在時域中且通常在相鄰子頻帶上傳輸調變符號。
如圖1所示,每一扇區可接收來自該扇區內之終端之"所要"傳輸以及來自其他扇區中之終端之"干擾"傳輸。在每一扇區觀測得之總干擾包含:(1)來自相同扇區內之終端的扇區內干擾及(2)來自其他扇區中之終端的扇區間干擾。扇區間干擾(亦稱為其他扇區干擾(OSI))由不與其他扇區中之傳輸正交之每一扇區中的傳輸引起。扇區間干擾及扇區內干擾對效能具有較大影響,且可由如下所述被減輕。
可藉由使用各種機制(諸如基於使用者之干擾控制及基於網路之干擾控制)來控制扇區間干擾。對於基於使用者之干擾控制而言,終端被告知由相鄰扇區觀測得之扇區間干擾,且據此調整其發射功率,以使得扇區間干擾維持於可接受位準中。對於基於網路之干擾控制而言,每一扇區被告知由相鄰扇區觀測得之扇區間干擾,且調節其終端之資料傳輸,以使得扇區間干擾維持於可接受位準中。系統可僅利用基於使用者之干擾控制或僅利用基於網路之干擾控制、或利用兩者。可以各種方式實施每一干擾控制機制,如下所述。
圖2展示由用於扇區間干擾控制之一個扇區m
執行之處理200。扇區m
估計自其他扇區中之終端觀測得之干擾且獲得一干擾估計(區塊210)。
對於基於使用者之干擾控制而言,扇區m
基於干擾估計而產生一無線傳輸(OTA)OSI報告(區塊212)。OTA OSI報告輸送由扇區m
觀測得之扇區間干擾量且可以各種形式給出,如下所述。扇區m
將OTA OSI報告廣播至相鄰扇區中之終端(區塊214)。此等終端可基於來自扇區m
之OTA OSI報告而調整其發射功率(若必要的話),以減少由扇區m
觀測得之扇區間干擾量。
對於基於網路之干擾控制而言,扇區m
基於干擾估計而產生一扇區間(IS)OSI報告(區塊222)。IS OSI報告及OTA OSI報告為兩個干擾報告,其可具有相同或不同格式。舉例而言,IS OSI報告可與OTA OSI報告相同。或者,扇區m
可將一簡單OTA OSI報告廣播至相鄰扇區中之終端且可將一更全面的IS OSI報告發送至相鄰扇區。扇區m
可週期性地或僅當扇區m
觀測到過量干擾時將IS OSI報告發送至相鄰扇區(區塊224)。扇區m
亦接收來自相鄰扇區之IS OSI報告(區塊226)。IS OSI報告在扇區之間交換之速率可與OTA OSI報告廣播至終端之速率相同或不同。扇區m
基於自相鄰扇區接收之IS OSI報告而調節扇區m
中之終端的資料傳輸(區塊228)。下文進一步詳細描述圖2之區塊。
扇區m
可以各種方式估計扇區間干擾。對於一利用正交多工之系統而言,一個終端可在每一符號週期中在每一子頻帶上傳輸資料或導頻。導頻係由發射器及接收器兩者之推測而知之符號之傳輸。資料符號係用於資料之調變符號,導頻符號係用於導頻之調變符號,且調變符號係訊號分佈中之一點的複合值,(例如,對於M-PSK、M-QAM等)。
扇區m
可基於自終端u
接收之導頻而估計在一特定符號週期n
中在特定子頻帶k
上的干擾,如下:
其中,P u (k,n)
為由在符號週期n
中在子頻帶k
上由終端u
發送之導頻符號;(k,n)為扇區m
與終端u
之間的通道增益之估計;R m,u (k,n)
為由扇區m
自終端u
獲得之接收符號;且Im
(k,n)為由扇區m
觀測得之干擾之估計。
等式(1)中之量為標量。
扇區m
亦可基於自終端u
接收之資料來估計干擾,如下:
其中,(k,n)為在符號週期n
中在子頻帶k
上由終端u
傳輸之資料符號的估計。扇區m可藉由以下操作得到資料符號估計(k,n):(1)使用通道估計(k,n)對接收之符號R m,u (k,n)
執行資料偵測以獲得偵測符號;(2)基於偵測符號得到硬式決策;及(3)將硬式決策用作資料符號估計。或者,扇區m
可藉由以下操作得到資料符號估計:(1)對接收符號執行資料偵測;(2)解碼偵測符號以獲得解碼資料;及(3)重新編碼及符號映射解碼資料以獲得資料符號估計。
扇區m
亦可執行聯合通道及干擾估計以獲得通道回應估計及干擾估計兩者。
自等式(1)或(2)獲得之干擾估計I m (k,n)
包括扇區間干擾及扇區內干擾兩者。扇區內干擾可經由功率控制而維持於可接受位準中(如下所述),且隨後與扇區間干擾相比可為忽略不計的。
扇區m
可求頻域、空域及/或時域上之干擾估計的平均值。舉例而言,扇區m
可求多個接收天線上之干擾估計的平均值。扇區m
可使用以下均值方案中之任一者來求所有子頻帶之干擾估計的平均值:
其中,I m (n)
為符號週期n
中扇區m
之平均干擾功率且Pm o n
表示每一子頻帶之標稱接收功率。I m (k,n)
及I m (n)
在等式(3)至等式(5)中為線性單位。等式(3)用於算術平均法,等式(4)用於幾何平均法,且等式(5)用於基於SNR之平均法。使用算術平均法,一些較大干擾估計可使平均干擾功率偏斜。幾何平均法及基於SNR之平均法可抑制一些子頻帶之較大干擾估計。
扇區m
亦可過濾在多個符號週期上之平均干擾功率以改良干擾估計之品質。該過濾可由有限脈衝回應(FIR)濾波器、無限脈衝回應(IIR)濾波器或一些其他類型之濾波器達成。扇區m
獲得每一量測週期之量測干擾Im e a s , m
,該量測週期可跨越一或多個符號週期。
扇區m
基於量測干擾而產生一OTA OSI報告。在一實施例中,量測干擾被量化為一預定數目之位元,其包括於OTA OSI報告中。在另一實施例中,該OTA OSI報告包括一指示量測干擾是大於干擾臨限值還是低於干擾臨限值的單一位元。在另一實施例中,OTA OSI報告包括相對於多個干擾臨限值而輸送量測干擾之多個位元。為清晰起見,以下描述用於一實施例,其中OTA OSI報告相對於兩個干擾臨限值來輸送量測干擾。
在一實施例中,OTA OSI報告包括兩個二進位OSI位元,其被稱為OSI位元1及OSI位元2。可將此等OSI位元設定如下:
其中,In o m _ t h
為標稱干擾臨限值,Ih i g h _ t h
為較高干擾臨限值,且Ih i g h _ t h
>In o m _ t h
。OSI位元1指示量測干擾是高於標稱干擾臨限值還是低於標稱干擾臨限值。OSI位元2指示量測干擾是高於較高干擾臨限值還是低於較高干擾臨限值。對於此實施例而言,若量測干擾低於In o m _ t h
,則認為扇區m
觀測到較低干擾;若量測干擾在In o m _ t h
與Ih i g h _ t h
之間,則認為扇區m
觀測到較高干擾;且若量測干擾大於或等於Ih i g h _ t h
,則認為扇區m
觀測到過量干擾。OSI位元2可用於指示由扇區觀測得之過量干擾。
在另一實施例中,OTA OSI報告包括具有三個位準之單一OSI值。可將OSI值設定如下:
可使用一具有三個訊號點之訊號分佈來傳輸三位準OSI值。舉例而言,可用符號1+j
0或e j0
發送OSI值"0",可用符號0+j1
或e j π /2
發送OSI值"1",且可用符號-1+j0或e j π
發送OSI值"2"。
或者,扇區m
可獲得量測熱干擾(interference-over-thermal)(IOT),其為由扇區m
觀測得之總干擾功率與熱雜訊功率之比。可如上所述來計算總干擾功率。可藉由關閉發射器並量測接收器處之雜訊來估計熱雜訊功率。可為系統選定一特定操作點。一較高操作點允許終端平均以較高功率位準發射。然而,高操作點對鏈路預算具有一負面影響且可為不合需要的。對於一特定最大發射功率及一特定資料速率而言,容許最大路徑損耗隨著IOT的增大而減小。一極高操作點亦為不合需要的,由於系統可變為受干擾限制的,其為發射功率之增大不轉化成接收SNR之增大的情形。此外,一極高操作點增大系統不穩定之可能性。在任一情況下,扇區m
可將其三位準OSI值設定如下:
其中,IOT nom_th
為標稱IOT臨限值,且IOT high_th
為高IOT臨限值。
亦可使用磁滯來產生OSI位元/值,使得過量干擾之指示的觸發並不過於頻繁。舉例而言,僅當量測干擾超過一第一持續時間Tw 1
(例如,50毫秒)之高臨限值時,可將OSI位元2設定為"1";且僅當量測干擾低於一第二持續時間Tw 2
之高臨限值時,可將OSI位元2重設為"0"。如另一實例,僅當量測干擾超過第一高臨限值Ih i g h _ t h 1
時,可將OSI位元2設定為"1";且其後僅當量測干擾下降至低於第二高臨限值Ih i g h _ t h 2
時,可將OSI位元2重設為"0",其中Ih i g h _ t h 1
>Ih i g h _ t h 2
。
扇區m
為基於使用者之干擾控制而廣播其OTA OSI報告,其可含有兩個OSI位元或三位準OSI值。扇區m
可以各種方式廣播OTA OSI報告。在一實施例中,扇區m
在每一量測週期中廣播OTA OSI報告。在另一實施例中,扇區m
在每一量測週期中廣播OSI位元1,且僅當此位元被設定為"1"時廣播OSI位元2。扇區m亦可將來自其他扇區之OSI報告廣播至扇區m
內之終端以獲得更好的OSI覆蓋。
扇區m
亦為基於網路之干擾控制而將其IS OSI報告發送至相鄰扇區。該IS OSI報告可含有兩個OSI位元、三位準OSI值、量化成一預定數目之位元的量測干擾或一些其他資訊。扇區m可在每一量測週期中、或僅當觀測到過量干擾時或若滿足一些其他標準時發送IS OSI報告。在另一扇區q
中之終端指示其不能接收來自扇區m
之OSI位元時,該扇區q
亦可請求扇區m
發送IS OSI報告。每一扇區使用來自相鄰扇區之IS OSI報告來控制自其扇區中之終端的資料傳輸,以減輕相鄰扇區處之扇區間干擾。
可以各種方式來達成基於網路之干擾控制。下文描述基於網路之干擾控制之一些實施例。
在一實施例中,扇區m
基於自相鄰扇區接收之IS OSI報告來排程扇區中之終端。舉例而言,若一或多個相鄰扇區觀測到過量干擾,則扇區m
可減少由扇區m
中之不利終端所使用之發射功率,以使得此等終端對其他扇區造成較少干擾。不利終端對服務扇區具有一較小通道增益(或一較大路徑損耗)且需要以一高功率位準發射,以便在服務扇區處獲得一特定訊雜干擾比(SNR)。不利終端通常定位於靠近一相鄰扇區處,且高發射功率位準導致對此相鄰扇區之高扇區間干擾。
扇區m
可基於各種品質量度(諸如通道增益、導頻強度、載波雜訊比(C/N)、通道增益比等)來識別不利終端。可基於由終端發送之導頻及/或其他傳輸來估計此等品質量度。舉例而言,一終端之估計通道增益可與一通道增益臨限值比較,且若其通道增益低於該通道增益臨限值,則可認為該終端為一不利終端。扇區m
可藉由以下操作來減少由不利終端使用之發射功率:(1)減少適用於終端之高發射功率限制;(2)減少適用於終端之較低發射功率限制;(3)將需要較低SNR之較低資料速率且因此較低發射功率指派給不利終端;(4)不排程不利終端用於資料傳輸;或(5)使用一些其他方法或方法之組合。
在另一實施例中,扇區m
使用允入控制以減輕由相鄰扇區觀測到之扇區間干擾。舉例而言,若一或多個相鄰扇區觀測到過量干擾,則扇區m
可藉由以下操作來減少扇區中之主動終端之數目:(1)拒絕存取請求在反向鏈路上發射之新終端;(2)拒絕存取不利終端;(3)重指派已被同意存取之終端;(4)重指派不利終端;或(5)使用一些其他允入控制方法。重指派終端之速率亦可為來自相鄰扇區之IS OSI報告(例如,觀測干擾位準)、觀測到過量干擾之相鄰扇區之數目及/或其他因素之函數。因此,扇區m
可基於來自相鄰扇區之IS OSI報告來調整扇區之負載。
在另一實施例中,扇區m
以一方式為終端指派訊務通道以減輕由相鄰扇區觀測之扇區間干擾。舉例而言,每一扇區可被指派一組訊務通道,其又指派至該扇區中之終端。相鄰扇區亦可共用一組共同訊務通道,其與指派至每一扇區之該組訊務通道正交。若一或多個相鄰扇區觀測到過量干擾,則扇區m
可將共同組中之訊務通道指派給扇區m
中的不利終端。此等不利終端隨後可對相鄰扇區不造成干擾,由於共同組中之訊務通道與指派至相鄰扇區之訊務通道正交。如另一實例,每一扇區可被指派一組訊務通道,其可指派至可忍受高干擾位準之強終端。若一或多個相鄰扇區觀測到過量干擾,則扇區m
可將被指派至相鄰扇區中之強終端的訊務通道指派給扇區m
中之不利終端。
為清晰起見,大量以上描述係對一個扇區m
而言。系統中之每一扇區可對扇區m
執行如上所述之干擾控制。
亦可以各種方式達成基於使用者之干擾控制。在一實施例中,基於使用者之干擾控制藉由允許終端基於自相鄰扇區接收之OTA OSI報告而自發調整其發射功率來達成。
圖3展示用於干擾控制由一個終端u
執行之處理300。終端u
接收來自相鄰扇區之OTA OSI報告(區塊312)。接著,判定相鄰扇區是否觀測到過量干擾(例如OSI位元2是否被設定為"1")(區塊314)。若回答為"是",則終端u
以一較大遞減步長(down step size)及/或以一較快速率減少其發射功率(區塊316)。另外,判定相鄰扇區是否觀測到高干擾(例如,OSI位元1是否被設定為"1",且OSI位元2是否被設定為"0")(區塊318)。若回答為"是",則終端u
以一標稱遞減步長及/或以一標稱速率減少其發射功率(區塊320)。另外,終端u
以一標稱遞增步長及/或以一標稱速率增大其發射功率(區塊322)。
圖3展示一實施例,其中OTA OSI報告輸送由相鄰扇區觀測得之為三個可能位準-低、高及過量中之一者的扇區間干擾。處理300可經延伸以覆蓋任何數目之干擾位準。一般而言,終端u
之發射功率可(1)當量測干擾高於一特定臨限值時以一與由相鄰扇區觀測得之干擾量相關之遞減步長(例如,對於較高干擾使用一較大遞減步長)來被減少;及/或(2)當量測干擾低於該特定臨限值時以與由相鄰扇區觀測得之干擾量逆向相關的遞增步長(例如,對於較低干擾使用一較大遞增步長)來被增大。步長及/或調整速率亦可基於其他參數來判定,例如終端之當前發射功率位準、相對於服務扇區之通道增益的相鄰扇區之通道增益、先前OTA OSI報告等。
終端u
可基於來自一或多個相鄰扇區之OTA OSI報告來調整其發射功率。終端u
可基於一自扇區接收之導頻來估計每一扇區之通道增益。終端u
接著可得到每一相鄰扇區之通道增益比,如下:
其中,g ns.i
(n)為終端u
與相鄰扇區i
之間的通道增益;g ss (n)
為終端u
與服務扇區之間的通道增益;且r t (n)
為相鄰扇區i
之通道增益比。
在一實施例中,終端u
識別具有最大通道增益比之最強相鄰扇區。終端u
接著基於僅來自此最強相鄰扇區之OTA OSI報告而調整其發射功率。在另一實施例中,終端u
基於來自OSI組中之所有扇區之OTA OSI報告而調整其發射功率。此OSI組可含有:(1)T個最強相鄰扇區,其中T1;(2)具有超過一通道增益比臨限值之通道增益比的相鄰扇區;(3)具有超過一通道增益臨限值之通道增益的相鄰扇區;(4)包括於一由服務扇區廣播之相鄰者清單中的相鄰扇區;或(5)一些其他群相鄰扇區。終端u
可基於來自OSI組中之多個相鄰扇區之OTA OSI報告以各種方式調整其發射功率。舉例而言,若OSI組中之任一相鄰扇區觀測到高或過量干擾,則終端u
可減少其發射功率。如另一實例,終端u
可判定OSI組中之每一相鄰扇區之發射功率調整,且接著可組合OSI組中之所有相鄰扇區的調整以獲得一整體發射功率調整。
一般而言,用於干擾控制之發射功率調整可結合各種功率控制方案來執行。為清晰起見,下文描述一特定功率控制方案。對於此功率控制方案而言,可將指派至終端u
之訊務通道之發射功率表達為:Pd c h
(n)=Pr e f
(n)+△P(n) 等式(10)其中,Pd c h
(n)為用於更新間隔n
之訊務通道的發射功率;Pr e f (n)
為用於更新間隔n
之參考功率位準;且△P(n)為用於更新間隔n
之發射功率增量。
以分貝(dB)為單位給出發射功率位準Pd c h
(n)及Pr e f
(n)以及發射功率增量△P(n)。
參考功率位準Pr e f
(n)為達成指定傳輸之目標SNR所需的發射功率之量,該指定傳輸可為由終端u
於控制通道上發送之訊號傳輸或一些其他傳輸。參考功率位準及目標SNR可經調整以達成指定傳輸之所要位準的效能,例如,1%的封包錯誤率(PER)。若訊務通道上之資料傳輸及指定傳輸觀測到相似雜訊及干擾特徵,則資料傳輸之接收SNR,即SNRd c h (n)
可被估計為:SNRd c h
(n)=SNRt a r g e t
+△P(n) 等式(11)
發射功率增量△P(n)可基於來自相鄰扇區之OTA OSI報告以確定性方式、機率性方式或一些其他方式來進行調整。發射功率可:(1)藉由使用確定性調整對不同干擾位準以不同數量進行調整;或(2)藉由使用機率性調整對不同干擾位準以不同速率進行調整。下文描述例示性確定性發射功率調整方案及機率性發射功率調整方案。為簡單起見,以下描述針對自一個相鄰扇區接收之一OSI位元的發射功率調整。此OSI位元可為OSI位元1或2。
圖4展示以確定性方式調整終端u
之發射功率的處理400。最初,終端u
處理來自相鄰扇區之OTA OSI報告(區塊412)且判定OSI位元為"1"還是為"0"(區塊414)。若OSI位元為"1",其指示觀測干擾超過一干擾臨限值,那麼終端u
判定發射功率之減少量或遞減步長△Pd n
(n)(區塊422)。△Pd n
(n)可基於先前更新間隔之發射功率增量△P(n-1)及相鄰扇區之通道增益比r ns (n)
來判定。接著,終端u
可將發射功率增量減少△Pd n
(n)(區塊424)。相反地,若OSI位元為"0",則終端u
判定發射功率之增大量或遞增步長△Pu p
(n)(區塊432)。△Pu p
(n)亦可基於△P(n-1)及rn s
(n)判定。接著,終端u
將發射功率增量增大△Pu p
(n)(區塊434)。區塊424及區塊434中之發射功率調整可表達為:
在區塊424及區塊434之後,終端u
將發射功率增量△P(n)限於容許發射功率增量的範圍內(區塊442),如下:
其中,△Pm i n
為容許用於訊務通道之最小發射功率增量,且△Pm a x
為容許用於訊務通道之最大發射功率增量。
將扇區中之所有終端之發射功率增量限制於發射功率增量的一範圍內(如等式(13)所示)可將扇區內干擾維持於可接受的位準中。最小發射功率增量△Pm i n
可由一控制迴路來調整以確保每一終端可滿足終端所屬之服務品質(QoS)等級的要求。用於不同QoS等級之△Pm i n
可以不同速率及/或不同步長來調整。
接著,終端u
基於發射功率增量△P(n)及參考功率位準Pr e f (n)
來計算訊務通道之發射功率Pd c h
(n),如等式(10)所示(區塊444)。終端u
可將發射功率Pd c h
(n)限於最大功率位準Pm a x
之內(區塊446),如下:
終端u對於訊務通道上之資料傳輸使用發射功率Pd c h
(n
)。
在一實施例中,△Pd n
(n)及△Pu p
(n)步長如下計算:△Pd n
(n)=fd n
(△Pd n , m i n
,△P(n-1),rn s
(n),kd n
),且 等式(15a)△Pu p
(n)=fu p
(△Pu p , m i n
,△P(n-1),rn s
(n),ku p
), 等式(15b)其中,△Pd n , m i n
及△Pu p , m i n
分別為△Pd n
(n)及△Pu p
(n)之最小值;kd n
及ku p
分別為△Pd n
(n)及△Pu p
(n)之比例係數;且fd n
()及fup()分別為計算△ Pdn(n)及△ Pup(n)之函數。
函數fd n
()可經界定以使得△Pd n
(n)與△P(n-1)及rn s
(n)兩者相關。若相鄰扇區觀測到高或過量干擾,則:(1)相鄰扇區之較大通道增益導致一較大△Pd n
(n);且(2)△P(n-1)之較大值導致一較大△Pd n
(n)。函數fu p
()可經界定以使得△Pu p
(n)與△P(n-1)及rn s
(n).兩者逆向相關。若相鄰扇區觀測到低干擾,則:(1)相鄰扇區之一較大通道增益導致一較大△Pd n
(n);且(2)△P(n-1)之較大值導致一較大△Pd n
(n)。
圖4展示用於來自一個相鄰扇區之一個OSI位元的處理。當相鄰扇區觀測到過量干擾時,一較大值可用於△Pd n
(n)。當相鄰扇區觀測到高干擾時,一較小值可用於△Pd n
(n)。可藉由對高干擾及過量干擾分別使用不同比例係數kd n 1
及kd n 2
來獲得不同遞減步長。
圖5展示以機率性方式來調整終端u
之發射功率之處理500。最初,終端u
處理來自相鄰扇區之OT△ OSI報告(區塊512)且判定OSI位元為"1"還是為"0"(區塊514)。若OSI位元為"1",則終端u
(例如)基於△P(n-1)及rn s
(n)判定減少發射功率Prd n
(n)之機率(區塊522)。接著,終端u
隨機地在0.0與1.0之間選擇一值x,其中x為均勻分佈於0.0與1.0之間的隨機變數(區塊524)。若x小於或等於Prd n
(n)(如區塊526所判定),則終端u
將其發射功率增量減少△Pd n
(區塊528)。另外,若x大於Prd n
(n),則終端u
將發射功率增量維持於當前位準(區塊530)。
若在區塊514中OSI位元為"0",則終端u
(例如)基於△P(n-1)及rn s
(n)判定增大發射功率Pru p
(n)之機率(區塊532)。接著,終端u
隨機地在0.0與1.0之間選擇一值x(區塊534)。若x小於或等於Pru p
(n)(如區塊536所判定),則終端u
將其發射功率增量增大△Pu p
(區塊538)。另外,若x大於Pru p
(n),則終端u
將發射功率增量維持於當前位準(區塊530)。區塊528、530及538中之發射功率調整可表達為:
△Pd n
及△Pu p
可為相同值(例如,0.25 dB、0.5 dB、1.0 dB等)或可為不同值。
在區塊528、530及538之後,終端u
限制發射功率增量,如等式(13)所示(區塊542)。接著,終端u
基於發射功率增量△P(n)及參考功率位準Pr e f
(n)來計算發射功率Pd c h
(n),如等式(10)所示(區塊544),且進一步將發射功率Pd c h
(n)限於最大功率位準之內,如等式(14)所示(區塊546)。終端u
對訊務通道上之資料傳輸使用發射功率Pd c h
(n)。
在一實施例中,機率如下計算:
其中,Prd n , m i n
及Pru p , m i n
分別為Prd n
(n)及Pru p
(n)之最小值;且f'd n
()及f'u p
()分別為計算Prd n
(n)及Pru p
(n)之函數。
函數f'd n
()可經界定以使得Prd n
(n)與△P(n-1)及rn s
(n)兩者相關。若相鄰扇區觀測到高干擾或過量干擾,則:(1)相鄰扇區之一較大通道增益導致一較大Prd n
(n);且(2)△P(n-1)之一較大值導致一較大Prd n
(n)。較大Prd n
(n)導致減少發射功率之一較高機率。函數f'u p
()可經界定以使得Pru p
(n)與△P(n-1)及rn s
(n)兩者逆向相關。若相鄰扇區觀測到低干擾,則:(1)相鄰扇區之一較大通道增益導致一較小Pru p
(n);且(2)△P(n-1)之一較大值導致一較小Pru p
(n)。較小Pru p
(n)導致增大發射功率之一較低機率。
圖5展示用於來自一個相鄰扇區之一個OSI位元的處理。當相鄰扇區觀測到過量干擾時,一較大值可用於Prd n
(n)。當相鄰扇區觀測到高干擾時,一較小值可用於Prd n
(n)。可(例如)藉由對高干擾及過量干擾分別使用不同比例係數kd n 1
及kd n 2
來獲得不同遞減機率且因此獲得功率調整的不同速率。
一般而言,可使用各種函數來計算△Pd n
(n)及△Pu p
(n)步長以及Prd n
(n)及Pru p
(n)機率。函數可基於各種參數來被界定,諸如當前發射功率、當前發射功率增量、當前OTA OSI報告、先前OTA OSI報告、通道增益等。每一函數可對各種功率控制特徵(諸如系統中之終端的發射功率調整之收斂速率及發射功率增量之分佈)具有不同影響。亦可基於查找表及一些其他構件來判定步長及機率。
亦可基於QoS等級、使用者優先等級等來執行上文所述之發射功率調整及/或允入控制。舉例而言,使用應急服務之終端及警用終端可具有較高優先權且能夠以比正常優先使用者更快的速率及/或更大的步長來調整發射功率。如另一實例,發送語音訊務之終端可以較慢速率及/或較小步長來調整發射功率。
終端u
亦可改變基於自相鄰扇區接收之先前OTA OSI報告來調整發射功率之方式。舉例而言,若相鄰扇區報告過量干擾,則終端u
可以一特定遞減步長及/或特定速率來減少其發射功率,且若相鄰扇區繼續報告過量干擾,則終端u
可以一較大遞減步長及/或較快速率來減少發射功率。或者或另外,若相鄰扇區報告過量干擾或若相鄰扇區繼續報告過量干擾,則終端u
可忽略等式(13)中之△Pm i n
。
上文已描述了減輕扇區間干擾之功率控制的各種實施例。亦可以其他方式來執行干擾及功率控制,且此在本發明之範疇內。
在一實施例中,每一扇區將其OTA OSI報告廣播至相鄰扇區中之終端,如上所述。可以足夠發射功率來廣播該OTA OSI報告以達成相鄰扇區中之所要覆蓋。每一終端可接收來自相鄰扇區之OTA OSI報告,且以一方式處理此等OTA OSI報告以達成一足夠低的偵測失誤(misdetection)率及一足夠低的假警報機率。偵測失誤係指偵測已被傳輸之OSI位元或值失敗。假警報係指接收OSI位元或值之錯誤偵測。舉例而言,若OSI位元使用BPSK來傳輸,則終端可宣告接收OSI位元為:(1)若偵測OSI位元低於一第一臨限值,即OSI位元<-Bt h
,則為"0";(2)若偵測OSI位元超過一第二臨限值,即OSI位元>+Bt h
,則為"1";且(3)另外,即+B th OSI位元-B th
,則為空位元。終端通常可藉由調整用於偵測之臨限值來取捨偵測失誤率與假警報機率。
在另一實施例中,每一扇區亦將由相鄰扇區產生之OTA OSI報告廣播至其扇區內之終端。每一扇區因此作為相鄰扇區之代理伺服器。此實施例可確保每一終端能可靠地接收由相鄰扇區產生之OTA OSI報告,由於終端可接收來自服務扇區之此等OTA OSI報告。此實施例非常適合於其中扇區覆蓋大小不等之不對稱網路佈署。較小扇區通常以較低功率位準發射,且由此等較小扇區廣播之OTA OSI報告可不能由相鄰扇區中之終端可靠地接收。較小扇區接著將受益於由相鄰扇區將其OTA OSI報告廣播。
一般而言,一特定扇區m
可廣播由其他扇區之任一數目及任一者產生之OTA OSI報告。在一實施例中,扇區m
廣播由扇區m
之相鄰者清單中之扇區產生的OTA OSI報告。相鄰者清單可由網路操作員或以一些其他方式形成。在另一實施例中,扇區m
廣播由包括於扇區m
中之終端之主動組中的所有扇區產生之OTA OSI報告。每一終端可維持一包括終端與之通信之所有扇區的主動組。由於終端自一個扇區交換至另一扇區,故可將扇區添加至主動組或自主動組移除。在又一實施例中,扇區m
廣播由包括於扇區m
中之終端之候選組中的所有扇區產生之OTA OSI報告。每一終端可維持一包括終端可與之通信之所有扇區的候選組。可(例如)基於通道增益及/或一些其他參數來將扇區添加至候選組或自候選組移除。在又一實施例中,扇區m
廣播由包括於扇區m
中之終端之OSI組中的所有扇區產生之OTA OSI報告。每一終端之OSI組可界定為如上所述。
如上所述,系統可僅利用基於使用者之干擾控制或僅利用基於網路之干擾控制。由於每一扇區及每一終端可自發地作用,故可較簡單地實施基於使用者之干擾控制。由於以一協調方式來執行干擾控制,故基於網路之干擾控制可提供改良效能。系統亦可同時利用基於使用者之干擾控制及基於網路之干擾控制兩者。系統亦可一直利用基於使用者之干擾控制,且可僅在觀測到過量干擾時調用基於網路之干擾控制。系統亦可為不同操作條件調用每一類型之干擾控制。
圖6展示可用於調整系統100中之終端120x之發射功率的功率控制機制600。終端120x與服務扇區110x通信,且可對相鄰扇區110a至110l造成干擾。功率控制機制600包括(1)在終端120x與服務扇區110x之間運作之參考迴路610及(2)在終端120x與相鄰扇區110a至110l之間運作之第二迴路620。參考迴路610及第二迴路620可同時運作,但可以不同速率被更新,由於參考迴路610為一比第二迴路620更快的迴路。為簡單起見,圖6僅展示存在於終端120x處之迴路610及620之部分。
參考迴路610調整參考功率位準Pr e f
(n),以使得指定傳輸之接收SNR(如在服務扇區110x處量測得)盡可能接近目標SNR。對於參考迴路610而言,服務扇區110x估計指定傳輸之接收SNR,比較接收SNR與目標SNR,且基於比較結果而產生發射功率控制(TPC)指令。每一TPC指令可為(1)用以引導參考功率位準增大之遞增(UP)指令或(2)用以引導參考功率位準減小之遞減(DOWN)指令。服務扇區110x將前向鏈路(雲狀物670)上之TPC指令傳輸至終端120x。
在終端120x處,TPC指令處理器642偵測由服務扇區110x發射之TPC指令且提供TPC決策。若一接收TPC指令被認為係一UP指令,則每一TPC決策可為一UP決策,或若該接收TPC指令被認為係一DOWN指令,則每一TPC決策可為一DOWN決策。參考功率調整單元644基於TPC決策來調整參考功率位準。單元644可對於每一UP決策將Pr e f (n)
增大一遞增步長,且對於每一DOWN決策將Pr e f (n)
減小一遞減步長。發射(TX)資料處理器660按比例縮放指定傳輸以獲得該參考功率位準。終端120x將指定傳輸發送至服務扇區110x。
歸因於路徑損耗、衰退及對反向鏈路(雲狀物640)之多路徑效應(其通常隨時間而改變,且尤其對於一行動終端而言),指定傳輸之接收SNR連續波動。參考迴路610試圖在反向鏈路通道條件存在變化的情況下將指定傳輸之接收SNR維持於目標SNR處或其附近。
第二迴路620調整指派至終端120x之訊務通道之發射功率Pdch
(n),以使得盡可能高的功率位準被用於訊務通道,且同時將扇區間干擾保持於可接受的位準內。對於第二迴路620而言,每一相鄰扇區110接收反向鏈路上之傳輸、估計由相鄰扇區自其他扇區中之終端觀測得之扇區間干擾,基於干擾估計而產生OTA OSI報告且將OTA OSI報告廣播至其他扇區中之終端。
在終端120x處,OSI報告處理器652接收由相鄰扇區廣播之OTA OSI報告且將偵測之OSI報告提供至一發射功率增量調整單元656。一通道估計器654接收來自服務扇區及相鄰扇區之導頻,估計每一扇區之通道增益且將所有扇區之估計通道增益提供至單元656。單元656判定相鄰扇區之通道增益比,且基於偵測之OSI報告及通道增益比而進一步調整發射功率增量△P(n),如上所述。單元656可實施圖3至圖5中所示之處理300、400及/或500。發射功率計算單元658基於來自單元644之參考發射位準Pref
(n)、來自單元656之發射功率增量△P(n)及或其他因素來計算發射功率Pdch
(n)。TX資料處理器660對於至服務扇區110x之資料傳輸使用發射功率Pdch
(n)。
圖6展示可用於干擾控制之例示性功率控制機制。干擾控制亦可以其他方式及/或使用與上述彼等參數不同之參數來執行。
圖7展示終端120x、服務基地台110x及相鄰基地台110y之一實施例之方塊圖。為清晰起見,以下描述假定使用圖6所示之功率控制機制600。
在反向鏈路上,在終端120x處,TX資料處理器710編碼、交錯且符號映射反向鏈路(RL)訊務資料及控制資料且提供資料符號。調變器(Mod)712將資料符號及導頻符號映射至適當子頻帶及符號週期上,執行OFDM調變(若適用)且提供一序列複值晶片。發射單元(TMTR)714調節(例如,轉變至類比、放大、過濾及增頻轉換)該序列晶片且產生經由天線716傳輸之反向鏈路訊號。
在服務基地台110x處,多個天線752xa至752xt接收來自終端120x及其他終端之反向鏈路訊號。每一天線752x將一接收訊號提供至一個別接收單元(RCVR)754x。每一接收單元754x調節(例如,過濾、放大、及降頻轉換及數位化)其接收訊號,執行OFDM調變(若適用)且提供接收符號。一RX空間處理器758對來自所有接收單元之接收符號執行接收器空間處理,且提供資料符號估計(其為傳輸資料符號的估計)。一RX資料處理器760x解映射、解交錯且解碼資料符號估計,且提供用於當前由基地台110x服務之終端120x及其他終端之解碼資料。
可類似於上述用於反向鏈路之處理來執行用於前向鏈路傳輸之處理。用於前向及反向鏈路上之傳輸處理通常由系統指定。
對於干擾及功率控制而言,在服務基地台110x處,RX空間處理器758x估計終端120x之接收SNR,估計由基地台110x觀測得之扇區間干擾且提供終端120x之SNR估計及干擾估計(例如,量測干擾I meas,m
)至控制器770x。控制器770x基於終端之SNR估計及目標SNR產生用於終端120x之TPC指令。控制器770x可基於干擾估計產生OTA OSI報告及/或IS OSI報告。控制器770x亦可經由通信(Comm)單元774x接收來自相鄰扇區之IS OSI報告。TPC指令、用於基地台110x之OTA OSI報告及可能用於其他扇區之OTA OSI報告由TX資料處理器782x及TX空間處理器784x處理、由發射單元754xa至754xt調節,且經由天線752xa至752xt發射。可經由通信單元774x將來自基地台110x之IS OSI報告發送至相鄰扇區。
在相鄰基地台110y處,多個天線752ya至752yt接收來自終端120x及其他終端之反向鏈路訊號。每一天線752y將一接收訊號提供至一個別接收單元(RCVR)754ya至754yt。每一接收單元754y調節(例如,過濾、放大、及降頻轉換及數位化)其接收訊號,執行OFDM調變(若適用)且提供接收符號。一RX空間處理器758y估計由基地台110y觀測得之扇區間干擾,且將一干擾估計提供至控制器770y。一RX資料處理器760y解映射、解交錯並解碼資料符號估計,並提供用於當前由基地台110x服務之終端120x及其他終端之解碼資料。控制器770y可基於該干擾估計而產生一OTA OSI報告及/或一IS OSI報告。該OTA OSI報告經處理且廣播至系統中之終端。可經由一通信單元774y將該IS OSI報告發送至相鄰扇區。用於基地台110x之OTA OSI報告及可能用於其他扇區之OTA OSI報告由一TX資料處理器782y及一TX空間處理器784y處理。
在終端120x處,天線716接收來自服務基地台及相鄰基地台之前向鏈路訊號,且將接收訊號提供至接收單元714。接收訊號由接收單元714進行調節及數位化,且進一
步由解調變器(Demod)742及RX資料處理器744處理。處理器744提供用於終端120x之由服務基地台110x發送之TPC指令及由相鄰基地台廣播之OTA OSI報告。解調變器742內之通道估計器估計每一基地台之通道增益。控制器720偵測接收之TPC指令且基於TPC決策來更新參考功率位準。控制器720亦基於自相鄰基地台接收之OTA OSI報告以及服務基地台及相鄰基地台之通道增益來調整訊務通道之發射功率。控制器720提供經指派至終端120x之訊務通道之發射功率。處理器710及/或調變器712基於由控制器720提供之發射功率來按比例縮放資料符號。
控制器720、770x及770y分別引導在終端120x以及基地台110x及110y處之各種處理單元的操作。此等控制器亦可執行用於干擾及功率控制之各種功能。舉例而言,控制器720可實施圖6所示之單元642至658及/或圖3至圖5所示之處理300、400及/或500中之任一者或所有者。每一基地台110之控制器770可實施圖2中之處理200的全部或一部分。記憶體單元722、772x及772y分別儲存用於控制器720、770x及770y之資料及程式碼。排程器780x排程終端以與基地台110x通信,且亦(例如)基於來自相鄰基地台之IS OSI報告來指派訊務通道至經排程之終端。
可由各種構件來實施本文所述之干擾控制技術。舉例而言,可在硬體、軟體或其組合中實施此等技術。對於一硬體實施而言,可在一或多個特殊應用積體電路(ASIC)、數位訊號處理器(DSP)、數位訊號處理設備(DSPD)、可程式化邏輯設備(PLD)、場可程式化閘陣列(FPGA)、處理器、控制器、微控制器、微處理器、電子設備、經設計以執行本文所述之功能的其他電子單元或其組合內實施用於在基地台處執行干擾控制之處理單元。亦可在一或多個ASIC、DSP、處理器、電子設備等中實施用於在終端處執行干擾控制之處理單元。
對於軟體實施而言,可使用執行本文所述之功能的模組(例如,程序、函數等)來實施干擾控制技術。可將軟體程式碼儲存於一記憶體單元(例如,圖7之記憶體單元722、772x或772y)中,且由處理器(例如,控制器720、770x或770y)執行。可在處理器內或處理器外部實施記憶體單元。
提供所揭示之實施例之先前描述以使得熟習此項技術者能夠製造或使用本發明。熟習此項技術者將易見對此等實施例之各種修改,且可在不偏離本發明之精神或範疇的情況下將本文所界定之一般原理應用於其他實施例。因此,不希望本發明被限制於本文所示之實施例中,而希望其符合與本文所揭示之原理及新穎特徵一致的最廣範疇。
100...線通信系統
102...理區域
104a,104b,104c...小區域
110...地台
110a...101...扇區
110x...務基地台/扇區
110y...基地台
120...終端
120x...終端
130...系統控制器
610...參考迴路
620...第二迴路
640...反向鏈路
642...TPC指令處理器
644...參考功率調整單元
652...OSI報告處理器
654...通道估計器
656...發射功率增量計算單元
658...發射功率計算單元
660...TX資料處理器
670...前向鏈路
710...處理器
712...調變器
714...接收單元/發射單元
716...天線
720...控制器
722...記憶體單元
742...解調變器
744...RX資料處理器
752xa......752xt天線
754xa......754xt接收單元/發射單元
758x...RX空間處理器
758y...RX空間處理器
760x...RX資料處理器
770x...控制器
770y...控制器
772x...記憶體單元
772y...記憶體單元
774x...通信單元
774y...通信單元
780x...排程器
782x...TX資料處理器
784x...TX空間處理器
圖1展示一具有基地台及終端之通信系統。
圖2展示用於干擾控制之由一個扇區執行之處理。
圖3展示用於干擾控制之由一個終端執行之處理。
圖4展示以確定性方式調整發射功率之處理。
圖5展示以機率性方式調整發射功率之處理。
圖6展示一適用於干擾控制之功率控制機制。
圖7展示一終端及兩個基地台之方塊圖。
Claims (35)
- 一種用於干擾控制之裝置,其包含:一處理器,其可運作以估計歸因於來自相鄰扇區中之終端之傳輸的由一扇區觀測得之干擾且提供一干擾估計;及一控制器,其可運作以基於該干擾估計來產生一干擾報告,其中該干擾報告指示由該扇區觀測得之多個可能干擾位準中之一者;其中該控制器可運作以基於該干擾估計而產生一第二干擾報告,且其中該第二干擾報告包含比該干擾報告更詳細的關於由該扇區觀測得之該干擾的資訊。
- 如請求項1之裝置,其中該控制器可運作以發送該第二干擾報告至該等相鄰扇區中之至少一者。
- 如請求項1之裝置,其中該控制器可運作以當該干擾估計高於一預定臨限值或當該等相鄰扇區中之至少一者請求該第二干擾報告時,產生該第二干擾報告。
- 一種用於干擾控制之方法,該方法由一扇區來實施,該方法包含:獲得表示歸因於來自其他扇區中之終端之傳輸的在該扇區處觀測得之干擾之一估計之一量測干擾;基於該量測干擾來產生一干擾報告,其中該干擾報告輸送相對於多個干擾臨限值之該扇區之該量測干擾;及將該干擾報告廣播至其他扇區中之該等終端。
- 如請求項4之方法,其中一特定符號週期中之一特定子 頻帶上之該干擾之該估計係至少部分基於自一終端所接收之一導頻。
- 如請求項4之方法,其中一特定符號週期中之一特定子頻帶上之該干擾之該估計係至少部分基於自一終端所接收之資料。
- 如請求項4之方法,其中該量測干擾係一量測熱干擾。
- 如請求項4之方法,其進一步包含將自其他扇區所接收之干擾報告廣播至由該扇區所服務之終端。
- 一種用於干擾控制之方法,該方法由一終端來實施,該方法包含:接收由一相鄰扇區所廣播之一干擾報告,其中該干擾報告輸送相對於多個干擾臨限值之該相鄰扇區之量測干擾;及基於該干擾報告以調整該終端之傳輸功率。
- 如請求項9之方法,其進一步包含:自多個相鄰扇區接收多個干擾報告;及識別一最強相鄰扇區;其中僅基於來自該最強相鄰扇區之該干擾報告來調整該終端之該發射功率。
- 如請求項9之方法,其進一步包含自多個相鄰扇區接收多個干擾報告,其中僅基於來自包括於一其他扇區干擾集合中之該等相鄰扇區之該等干擾報告來調整該終端之該發射功率。
- 如請求項11之方法,其中調整該傳輸功率包含當其他扇 區干擾集合中之任一相鄰扇區觀測到高干擾或過量干擾時,減少該傳輸功率。
- 如請求項11之方法,其中調整該傳輸功率包含:判定其他扇區干擾集合中之每一相鄰扇區之一傳輸功率調整;及組合其他扇區干擾集合中之所有相鄰扇區之傳輸功率調整以獲得一整體傳輸功率調整。
- 一種經組態以用於干擾控制之基地台,其包含:一處理器;與該處理器電相通之記憶體;及儲存於該記憶體中之若干指令,該等指令可執行以:獲得表示歸因於來自其他基地台中之終端之傳輸的在該基地台處觀測得之干擾之一估計之一量測干擾;基於該量測干擾來產生一干擾報告,其中該干擾報告輸送相對於多個干擾臨限值之該基地台之該量測干擾;及將該干擾報告廣播至其他基地台中之該等終端。
- 如請求項14之基地台,其中一特定符號週期中之一特定子頻帶上之該干擾之該估計係至少部分基於自一終端所接收之一導頻。
- 如請求項14之基地台,其中一特定符號週期中之一特定子頻帶上之該干擾之該估計係至少部分基於自一終端所接收之資料。
- 如請求項14之基地台,其中該量測干擾係一量測熱干 擾。
- 如請求項14之基地台,其中該等指令亦可執行以將自其他基地台所接收之干擾報告廣播至由該基地台所服務之終端。
- 一種經組態以用於干擾控制之終端,其包含:一處理器;與該處理器電相通之記憶體;及儲存於該記憶體中之若干指令,該等指令可執行以:接收由一相鄰扇區所廣播之一干擾報告,其中該干擾報告輸送相對於多個干擾臨限值之該相鄰扇區之量測干擾;及基於該干擾報告以調整該終端之傳輸功率。
- 如請求項19之終端,其中該等指令亦可執行以自多個相鄰扇區接收多個干擾報告及識別一最強相鄰扇區,其中僅基於來自該最強相鄰扇區之該干擾報告來調整該終端之該發射功率。
- 如請求項19之終端,其該等指令亦可執行以自多個相鄰扇區接收多個干擾報告,且其中僅基於來自包括於一其他扇區干擾集合中之該等相鄰扇區之該等干擾報告來調整該終端之該發射功率。
- 如請求項21之終端,其中調整該傳輸功率包含當其他扇區干擾集合中之任一相鄰扇區觀測到高干擾或過量干擾時,減少該傳輸功率。
- 如請求項21之終端,其中調整該傳輸功率包含: 判定其他扇區干擾集合中之每一相鄰扇區之一傳輸功率調整;及組合其他扇區干擾集合中之所有相鄰扇區之傳輸功率調整以獲得一整體傳輸功率調整。
- 一種經組態以用於干擾控制之基地台,其包含:用於獲得表示歸因於來自其他基地台中之終端之傳輸的在該基地台處觀測得之干擾之一估計之一量測干擾之構件;用於基於該量測干擾來產生一干擾報告之構件,其中該干擾報告輸送相對於多個干擾臨限值之該基地台之該量測干擾;及用於將該干擾報告廣播至其他基地台中之該等終端之構件。
- 如請求項24之基地台,其中一特定符號週期中之一特定子頻帶上之該干擾之該估計係至少部分基於自一終端所接收之一導頻。
- 如請求項24之基地台,其中一特定符號週期中之一特定子頻帶上之該干擾之該估計係至少部分基於自一終端所接收之資料。
- 一種經組態以用於干擾控制之終端,其包含:用於接收由一相鄰扇區所廣播之一干擾報告之構件,其中該干擾報告輸送相對於多個干擾臨限值之該相鄰扇區之量測干擾;及用於基於該干擾報告以調整該終端之傳輸功率之構 件。
- 如請求項27之終端,其進一步包含:用於自多個相鄰扇區接收多個干擾報告之構件;及用於識別一最強相鄰扇區之構件;其中僅基於來自該最強相鄰扇區之該干擾報告來調整該終端之該發射功率。
- 如請求項27之終端,其進一步包含用於自多個相鄰扇區接收多個干擾報告之構件,其中僅基於來自包括於一其他扇區干擾集合中之該等相鄰扇區之該等干擾報告來調整該終端之該發射功率。
- 一種處理器可讀儲存媒體,其包含:用於致使一扇區獲得表示歸因於來自其他扇區中之終端之傳輸的在該扇區處觀測得之干擾之一估計之一量測干擾之程式碼;用於致使該扇區基於該量測干擾來產生一干擾報告之程式碼,其中該干擾報告輸送相對於多個干擾臨限值之該扇區之該量測干擾;及用於致使該扇區將該干擾報告廣播至其他扇區中之該等終端之程式碼。
- 如請求項30之處理器可讀儲存媒體,其中一特定符號週期中之一特定子頻帶上之該干擾之該估計係至少部分基於自一終端所接收之一導頻。
- 如請求項30之處理器可讀儲存媒體,其中一特定符號週期中之一特定子頻帶上之該干擾之該估計係至少部分基 於自一終端所接收之資料。
- 一種處理器可讀儲存媒體,其包含:用於致使一終端接收由一相鄰扇區所廣播之一干擾報告之程式碼,其中該干擾報告輸送相對於多個干擾臨限值之該相鄰扇區之量測干擾;及用於致使該終端基於該干擾報告以調整該終端之傳輸功率之程式碼。
- 如請求項33之處理器可讀儲存媒體,其進一步包含:用於致使該終端自多個相鄰扇區接收多個干擾報告之程式碼;及用於致使該終端識別一最強相鄰扇區之程式碼;其中僅基於來自該最強相鄰扇區之該干擾報告來調整該終端之該發射功率。
- 如請求項33之處理器可讀儲存媒體,其進一步包含用於致使該終端自多個相鄰扇區接收多個干擾報告之程式碼,其中僅基於來自包括於一其他扇區干擾集合中之該等相鄰扇區之該等干擾報告來調整該終端之該發射功率。
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