TWI399992B - Interference control in a wireless communication system - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
- H04W52/24—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
- H04W28/04—Error control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
- H04W28/24—Negotiating SLA [Service Level Agreement]; Negotiating QoS [Quality of Service]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
- H04W52/24—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters
- H04W52/243—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters taking into account interferences
- H04W52/244—Interferences in heterogeneous networks, e.g. among macro and femto or pico cells or other sector / system interference [OSI]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
- H04W52/26—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using transmission rate or quality of service QoS [Quality of Service]
- H04W52/265—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using transmission rate or quality of service QoS [Quality of Service] taking into account the quality of service QoS
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
- H04W72/54—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria
- H04W72/541—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria using the level of interference
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
- H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
- H04B17/345—Interference values
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/06—TPC algorithms
- H04W52/14—Separate analysis of uplink or downlink
- H04W52/146—Uplink power control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
- H04W52/24—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters
- H04W52/247—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters where the output power of a terminal is based on a path parameter sent by another terminal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/30—TPC using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
- H04W52/36—TPC using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power with a discrete range or set of values, e.g. step size, ramping or offsets
- H04W52/362—Aspects of the step size
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W92/00—Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks
- H04W92/16—Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices
- H04W92/20—Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices between access points
Description
本揭示案大體上係關於通信,且更特定言之,係關於無線通信系統之干擾控制。The present disclosure relates generally to communications and, more particularly, to interference control for wireless communication systems.
無線多向近接通信系統可在前向鏈路及反向鏈路上與多個終端同時通信。前向鏈路(或下行鏈路)係指自基地台至終端之通信鏈路。反向鏈路(或上行鏈路)係指自終端至基地台之通信鏈路。多個終端可同時在反向鏈路上發射資料及/或在前向鏈路上接收資料。此通常藉由多工在時域、頻域及/或碼域中彼此正交之每一鏈路上的傳輸來達成。A wireless multi-directional proximity communication system can simultaneously communicate with multiple terminals on the forward and reverse links. The forward link (or downlink) refers to the communication link from the base station to the terminal. The reverse link (or uplink) refers to the communication link from the terminal to the base station. Multiple terminals can simultaneously transmit data on the reverse link and/or receive data on the forward link. This is typically accomplished by multiplexing the transmissions on each of the links that are orthogonal to each other in the time domain, the frequency domain, and/or the code domain.
在反向鏈路上,來自與不同基地台通信之終端之傳輸通常彼此不正交。因而,每一終端可對與鄰近基地台通信之其他終端造成干擾且亦可接收來自此等其他終端之干擾。每一終端之效能由來自與其他基地台通信之其他終端之干擾降級。On the reverse link, transmissions from terminals communicating with different base stations are typically not orthogonal to each other. Thus, each terminal can cause interference to other terminals communicating with neighboring base stations and can also receive interference from such other terminals. The performance of each terminal is degraded by interference from other terminals communicating with other base stations.
因此,此項技術需要減輕無線通信系統之干擾的技術。Therefore, this technology requires techniques for mitigating interference from wireless communication systems.
本文描述用於在無線通信系統中控制由每一扇區自相鄰扇區觀測得之干擾的技術。術語“扇區”可係指一基地台或該基地台之覆蓋區域。一扇區m 估計自相鄰扇區中之終端觀測得之干擾且獲得一干擾估計。對於基於使用者之干擾控制而言,扇區m 基於該干擾估計而產生一無線傳輸(OTA)其他扇區干擾(OSI)報告且可將該OTA OSI報告廣播至相鄰扇區中之終端。此等終端可基於來自扇區m 之OTA OSI報告而自發調整其發射功率(若必要的話),以減少由扇區m 觀測得之干擾量。該OTA OSI報告可指示由扇區m 觀測得之多個可能干擾位準中之一者。視由扇區m 觀測得之干擾位準而定,相鄰扇區中之終端可以不同量及/或以不同速率來調整其發射功率。Techniques for controlling interference observed by neighboring sectors from each sector in a wireless communication system are described herein. The term "sector" may refer to a base station or a coverage area of the base station. A sector m estimates the interference observed by the terminal in the adjacent sector and obtains an interference estimate. For user-based interference control, sector m generates an over-the-air (OTA) other sector interference (OSI) report based on the interference estimate and can broadcast the OTA OSI report to terminals in adjacent sectors. These terminals can spontaneously adjust their transmit power (if necessary) based on the OTA OSI report from sector m to reduce the amount of interference observed by sector m . The OTA OSI report may indicate one of a plurality of possible interference levels observed by the sector m . Depending on the level of interference observed by sector m , the terminals in adjacent sectors can adjust their transmit power by different amounts and/or at different rates.
對於基於網路之干擾控制而言,扇區m 基於干擾估計而產生一扇區間(IS)OSI報告,且將該IS OSI報告發送至相鄰扇區。該IS OSI報告可與該OTA OSI報告相同或可為更全面的。扇區m 亦接收來自相鄰扇區之IS OSI報告且基於該等接收之IS OSI報告來調節扇區m 中之終端之資料傳輸。扇區m 可藉由以下操作來調節資料傳輸:(1)控制新終端進入扇區m ;(2)重指派已允許進入之終端;(3)以一方式排程扇區m 中之終端以減少對相鄰扇區之干擾;及/或(4)將對相鄰扇區造成較少干擾之訊務通道指派給扇區m 中之終端。For network-based interference control, sector m generates an inter-sector (IS) OSI report based on the interference estimate and transmits the IS OSI report to the adjacent sector. The IS OSI report may be the same as the OTA OSI report or may be more comprehensive. Sector m also receives IS OSI reports from neighboring sectors and adjusts the data transmission of the terminals in sector m based on the received IS OSI reports. The sector m can adjust the data transmission by: (1) controlling the new terminal to enter the sector m ; (2) reassigning the terminal that has been allowed to enter; and (3) scheduling the terminal in the sector m in a manner Reducing interference to adjacent sectors; and/or (4) assigning traffic channels that cause less interference to adjacent sectors to terminals in sector m .
下文將進一步詳細描述本發明之各種態樣及實施例。Various aspects and embodiments of the invention are described in further detail below.
本文所使用之詞"例示性"意指"充當一實例、例子或說明"。本文中被描述為"例示性"之任一實施例或設計未必被解釋為與其它實施例或設計相比為較佳的或更有利的。The word "exemplary" as used herein means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any embodiment or design described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs.
圖1展示具有多個基地台110及多個終端120之無線通信系統100。基地台通常為一與終端通信之固定台且亦可被稱為一存取點(節點B)或一些其他術語。每一基地台110為一特定地理區域102a、102b及102c提供通信覆蓋。視術語所用於之內容而定,術語"扇區"可係指一BTS及/或其覆蓋區域。對於一分區(sectorized)單元而言,用於彼單元之所有扇區之BTS通常共同定位於用於該單元之基地台中。一系統控制器130耦接至基地台110且為此等基地台提供協調及控制。1 shows a wireless communication system 100 having a plurality of base stations 110 and a plurality of terminals 120. A base station is typically a fixed station that communicates with the terminal and may also be referred to as an access point (Node B) or some other terminology. Each base station 110 provides communication coverage for a particular geographic area 102a, 102b, and 102c. Depending on what the term is used for, the term "sector" may refer to a BTS and/or its coverage area. For a sectorized unit, the BTSs for all sectors of the unit are typically co-located in the base station for the unit. A system controller 130 is coupled to the base station 110 and provides coordination and control for such base stations.
終端可為固定或行動的,且亦可被稱為行動台、無線設備、使用者設備或一些其他術語。每一終端可在任一特定時刻與零個、一個或多個基地台通信。A terminal can be fixed or mobile and can also be referred to as a mobile station, a wireless device, a user device, or some other terminology. Each terminal can communicate with zero, one or more base stations at any particular time.
本文所描述之干擾控制技術可用於具有分區單元之系統及具有未分區單元之系統。在以下描述中,術語"扇區"係指(1)用於具有分區單元之系統的習知BTS及/或其覆蓋區域及(2)用於具有未分區單元之系統的習知基地台及/或其覆蓋區域。術語"終端"及"使用者"可交換地使用,且術語"扇區"及"基地台"亦可交換地使用。服務基地台/扇區係終端與之通信的基地台/扇區。相鄰基地台/扇區係終端不與之通信的基地台/扇區。The interference control techniques described herein can be used in systems with partitioned cells and systems with unpartitioned cells. In the following description, the term "sector" refers to (1) a conventional BTS and/or its coverage area for a system having a partition unit and (2) a conventional base station for a system having an unpartitioned unit and / or its coverage area. The terms "terminal" and "user" are used interchangeably, and the terms "sector" and "base station" are used interchangeably. The base station/sector where the serving base station/sector system communicates with it. A base station/sector that the adjacent base station/sector system terminal does not communicate with.
干擾控制技術亦可用於各種多向近接通信系統。舉例而言,此等技術可用於一劃碼多向近接(CDMA)系統、劃頻多向近接(FDMA)系統、劃時多向近接(TDMA)系統、正交劃頻多向近接(OFDMA)系統、交錯(IFDMA)系統、定域FDMA(LFDMA)系統、劃空多向近接(SDMA)系統、準正交多向近接系統等。IFDMA亦稱為分散式FDMA,且LFDMA亦稱為窄頻FDMA或經典FDMA。OFDMA系統利用正交劃頻多工(OFDM)。OFDM、IFDMA及LFDMA有效地將整個系統頻寬分割成多個(K個)正交頻率子頻帶。此等子頻帶亦稱為音調、副載波、儲存箱等。每一子頻帶與可使用資料調變之個別副載波相關聯。OFDM在K個子頻帶之所有或子集上在頻域中傳輸調變符號。IFDMA在均勻分散於K個子頻帶上之子頻帶上在時域中傳輸調變符號。LFDMA在時域中且通常在相鄰子頻帶上傳輸調變符號。Interference control techniques can also be used in a variety of multi-directional proximity communication systems. For example, such techniques can be used in a coded multi-directional proximity (CDMA) system, a frequency punctured multidirectional proximity (FDMA) system, a timed multidirectional proximity (TDMA) system, and orthogonal frequency punctured multidirectional proximity (OFDMA). System, Interleaved (IFDMA) system, Localized FDMA (LFDMA) system, Slotted Multidirectional Approach (SDMA) system, quasi-orthogonal multidirectional proximity system, and the like. IFDMA is also known as decentralized FDMA, and LFDMA is also known as narrowband FDMA or classic FDMA. The OFDMA system utilizes orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). OFDM, IFDMA, and LFDMA effectively partition the entire system bandwidth into multiple (K) orthogonal frequency sub-bands. These sub-bands are also referred to as tones, subcarriers, storage boxes, and the like. Each subband is associated with an individual subcarrier that can be modulated using data. OFDM transmits modulation symbols in the frequency domain over all or a subset of the K subbands. IFDMA transmits modulation symbols in the time domain over subbands uniformly dispersed over K subbands. LFDMA transmits modulation symbols in the time domain and typically on adjacent sub-bands.
如圖1所示,每一扇區可接收來自該扇區內之終端之"所要"傳輸以及來自其他扇區中之終端之"干擾"傳輸。在每一扇區觀測得之總干擾包含:(1)來自相同扇區內之終端的扇區內干擾及(2)來自其他扇區中之終端的扇區間干擾。扇區間干擾(亦稱為其他扇區干擾(OSI))由不與其他扇區中之傳輸正交之每一扇區中的傳輸引起。扇區間干擾及扇區內干擾對效能具有較大影響,且可由如下所述被減輕。As shown in Figure 1, each sector can receive "desired" transmissions from terminals within the sector as well as "interfering" transmissions from terminals in other sectors. The total interference observed in each sector includes: (1) intra-sector interference from terminals within the same sector and (2) inter-sector interference from terminals in other sectors. Inter-sector interference (also known as other sector interference (OSI)) is caused by transmissions in each sector that are not orthogonal to transmissions in other sectors. Inter-sector interference and intra-sector interference have a large impact on performance and can be mitigated as described below.
可藉由使用各種機制(諸如基於使用者之干擾控制及基於網路之干擾控制)來控制扇區間干擾。對於基於使用者之干擾控制而言,終端被告知由相鄰扇區觀測得之扇區間干擾,且據此調整其發射功率,以使得扇區間干擾維持於可接受位準中。對於基於網路之干擾控制而言,每一扇區被告知由相鄰扇區觀測得之扇區間干擾,且調節其終端之資料傳輸,以使得扇區間干擾維持於可接受位準中。系統可僅利用基於使用者之干擾控制或僅利用基於網路之干擾控制、或利用兩者。可以各種方式實施每一干擾控制機制,如下所述。Inter-sector interference can be controlled by using various mechanisms such as user-based interference control and network-based interference control. For user-based interference control, the terminal is informed of inter-sector interference observed by neighboring sectors, and its transmit power is adjusted accordingly so that inter-sector interference is maintained in an acceptable level. For network-based interference control, each sector is informed of inter-sector interference observed by neighboring sectors and adjusts the data transmission of its terminals to maintain inter-sector interference in acceptable levels. The system can utilize only user-based interference control or only network-based interference control, or both. Each interference control mechanism can be implemented in a variety of ways, as described below.
圖2展示由用於扇區間干擾控制之一個扇區m 執行之處理200。扇區m 估計自其他扇區中之終端觀測得之干擾且獲得一干擾估計(區塊210)。Figure 2 shows a process 200 performed by a sector m for inter-sector interference control. Sector m estimates interference observed by terminals in other sectors and obtains an interference estimate (block 210).
對於基於使用者之干擾控制而言,扇區m 基於干擾估計而產生一無線傳輸(OTA)OSI報告(區塊212)。OTA OSI報告輸送由扇區m 觀測得之扇區間干擾量且可以各種形式給出,如下所述。扇區m 將OTA OSI報告廣播至相鄰扇區中之終端(區塊214)。此等終端可基於來自扇區m 之OTA OSI報告而調整其發射功率(若必要的話),以減少由扇區m 觀測得之扇區間干擾量。For user-based interference control, sector m generates an over-the-air (OTA) OSI report based on the interference estimate (block 212). The OTA OSI reports the amount of inter-sector interference observed by the sector m and can be given in various forms, as described below. Sector m broadcasts the OTA OSI report to the terminal in the adjacent sector (block 214). These terminals can adjust their transmit power (if necessary) based on the OTA OSI report from sector m to reduce the amount of inter-sector interference observed by sector m .
對於基於網路之干擾控制而言,扇區m 基於干擾估計而產生一扇區間(IS)OSI報告(區塊222)。IS OSI報告及OTA OSI報告為兩個干擾報告,其可具有相同或不同格式。舉例而言,IS OSI報告可與OTA OSI報告相同。或者,扇區m 可將一簡單OTA OSI報告廣播至相鄰扇區中之終端且可將一更全面的IS OSI報告發送至相鄰扇區。扇區m 可週期性地或僅當扇區m 觀測到過量干擾時將IS OSI報告發送至相鄰扇區(區塊224)。扇區m 亦接收來自相鄰扇區之IS OSI報告(區塊226)。IS OSI報告在扇區之間交換之速率可與OTA OSI報告廣播至終端之速率相同或不同。扇區m 基於自相鄰扇區接收之IS OSI報告而調節扇區m 中之終端的資料傳輸(區塊228)。下文進一步詳細描述圖2之區塊。For network based interference control, sector m generates an inter-sector (IS) OSI report based on the interference estimate (block 222). The IS OSI report and the OTA OSI report are two interference reports, which may have the same or different formats. For example, an IS OSI report can be the same as an OTA OSI report. Alternatively, sector m may broadcast a simple OTA OSI report to a terminal in an adjacent sector and may send a more comprehensive IS OSI report to the adjacent sector. The sector m may transmit the IS OSI report to the neighboring sector (block 224) periodically or only when the sector m observes excessive interference. Sector m also receives IS OSI reports from neighboring sectors (block 226). The IS OSI reports that the rate of exchange between sectors can be the same or different than the rate at which the OTA OSI reports broadcast to the terminal. Sector m adjusting data transmission sector m of the terminal (block 228) based on the received IS OSI reports from the neighbor sectors. The block of Figure 2 is described in further detail below.
扇區m 可以各種方式估計扇區間干擾。對於一利用正交多工之系統而言,一個終端可在每一符號週期中在每一子頻帶上傳輸資料或導頻。導頻係由發射器及接收器兩者之推測而知之符號之傳輸。資料符號係用於資料之調變符號,導頻符號係用於導頻之調變符號,且調變符號係訊號分佈中之一點的複合值,(例如,對於M-PSK、M-QAM等)。Sector m can estimate inter-sector interference in a variety of ways. For a system utilizing orthogonal multiplexing, a terminal can transmit data or pilots on each sub-band in each symbol period. The pilot is a transmission of symbols known by both the transmitter and the receiver. The data symbol is used for the modulation symbol of the data, the pilot symbol is used for the modulation symbol of the pilot, and the modulation symbol is a composite value of one point in the signal distribution (for example, for M-PSK, M-QAM, etc.) ).
扇區m
可基於自終端u
接收之導頻而估計在一特定符號週期n
中在特定子頻帶k
上的干擾,如下:
等式(1)中之量為標量。The amount in equation (1) is a scalar quantity.
扇區m
亦可基於自終端u
接收之資料來估計干擾,如下:
扇區m 亦可執行聯合通道及干擾估計以獲得通道回應估計及干擾估計兩者。Sector m can also perform joint channel and interference estimation to obtain both channel response estimates and interference estimates.
自等式(1)或(2)獲得之干擾估計I m (k,n) 包括扇區間干擾及扇區內干擾兩者。扇區內干擾可經由功率控制而維持於可接受位準中(如下所述),且隨後與扇區間干擾相比可為忽略不計的。The interference estimate I m (k, n) obtained from equation (1) or (2 ) includes both inter-sector interference and intra-sector interference. Intra-sector interference can be maintained in an acceptable level via power control (as described below) and can then be negligible compared to inter-sector interference.
扇區m
可求頻域、空域及/或時域上之干擾估計的平均值。舉例而言,扇區m
可求多個接收天線上之干擾估計的平均值。扇區m
可使用以下均值方案中之任一者來求所有子頻帶之干擾估計的平均值:
扇區m 亦可過濾在多個符號週期上之平均干擾功率以改良干擾估計之品質。該過濾可由有限脈衝回應(FIR)濾波器、無限脈衝回應(IIR)濾波器或一些其他類型之濾波器達成。扇區m 獲得每一量測週期之量測干擾Im e a s , m ,該量測週期可跨越一或多個符號週期。Sector m can also filter the average interference power over multiple symbol periods to improve the quality of the interference estimate. This filtering can be achieved by a finite impulse response (FIR) filter, an infinite impulse response (IIR) filter, or some other type of filter. M amount obtained for each sector of the measured interference measurement period I m e a s, m, the measuring period may span one or multiple symbol periods.
扇區m 基於量測干擾而產生一OTA OSI報告。在一實施例中,量測干擾被量化為一預定數目之位元,其包括於OTA OSI報告中。在另一實施例中,該OTA OSI報告包括一指示量測干擾是大於干擾臨限值還是低於干擾臨限值的單一位元。在另一實施例中,OTA OSI報告包括相對於多個干擾臨限值而輸送量測干擾之多個位元。為清晰起見,以下描述用於一實施例,其中OTA OSI報告相對於兩個干擾臨限值來輸送量測干擾。The sector m generates an OTA OSI report based on the measurement interference. In an embodiment, the measurement interference is quantized into a predetermined number of bits, which are included in the OTA OSI report. In another embodiment, the OTA OSI report includes a single bit indicating whether the measured interference is greater than the interference threshold or below the interference threshold. In another embodiment, the OTA OSI report includes a plurality of bits that convey measurement disturbances relative to a plurality of interference thresholds. For clarity, the following description is for an embodiment in which the OTA OSI reports to measure interference with respect to two interference thresholds.
在一實施例中,OTA OSI報告包括兩個二進位OSI位元,其被稱為OSI位元1及OSI位元2。可將此等OSI位元設定如下:
在另一實施例中,OTA OSI報告包括具有三個位準之單一OSI值。可將OSI值設定如下:
可使用一具有三個訊號點之訊號分佈來傳輸三位準OSI值。舉例而言,可用符號1+j 0或e j0 發送OSI值"0",可用符號0+j1 或e j π /2 發送OSI值"1",且可用符號-1+j0或e j π 發送OSI值"2"。A three-bit quasi-OSI value can be transmitted using a signal distribution with three signal points. For example, the OSI value "0" can be transmitted with the symbol 1+ j 0 or e j0, the OSI value "1" can be transmitted with the symbol 0+ j1 or e j π /2 , and the OSI value "2" can be transmitted with the symbol -1+j0 or e j π ".
或者,扇區m
可獲得量測熱干擾(interference-over-thermal)(IOT),其為由扇區m
觀測得之總干擾功率與熱雜訊功率之比。可如上所述來計算總干擾功率。可藉由關閉發射器並量測接收器處之雜訊來估計熱雜訊功率。可為系統選定一特定操作點。一較高操作點允許終端平均以較高功率位準發射。然而,高操作點對鏈路預算具有一負面影響且可為不合需要的。對於一特定最大發射功率及一特定資料速率而言,容許最大路徑損耗隨著IOT的增大而減小。一極高操作點亦為不合需要的,由於系統可變為受干擾限制的,其為發射功率之增大不轉化成接收SNR之增大的情形。此外,一極高操作點增大系統不穩定之可能性。在任一情況下,扇區m
可將其三位準OSI值設定如下:
亦可使用磁滯來產生OSI位元/值,使得過量干擾之指示的觸發並不過於頻繁。舉例而言,僅當量測干擾超過一第一持續時間Tw 1 (例如,50毫秒)之高臨限值時,可將OSI位元2設定為"1";且僅當量測干擾低於一第二持續時間Tw 2 之高臨限值時,可將OSI位元2重設為"0"。如另一實例,僅當量測干擾超過第一高臨限值Ih i g h _ t h 1 時,可將OSI位元2設定為"1";且其後僅當量測干擾下降至低於第二高臨限值Ih i g h _ t h 2 時,可將OSI位元2重設為"0",其中Ih i g h _ t h 1 >Ih i g h _ t h 2 。Hysteresis can also be used to generate OSI bits/values so that the indication of excessive interference is not triggered too frequently. For example, when the equivalent measurement interference exceeds a high threshold of a first duration T w 1 (eg, 50 milliseconds), the OSI bit 2 can be set to "1"; and only the equivalent measurement interference is low. at the time of a second duration T w 2 of the high threshold, OSI bit 2 may be reset to "0." As another example, when only the equivalent interference exceeds the first high threshold I h i g h _ t h 1 , the OSI bit 2 can be set to "1"; and thereafter only the equivalent interference is reduced to Below the second highest threshold I h i g h _ t h 2 , the OSI bit 2 can be reset to "0", where I h i g h _ t h 1 >I h i g h _ t h 2 .
扇區m 為基於使用者之干擾控制而廣播其OTA OSI報告,其可含有兩個OSI位元或三位準OSI值。扇區m 可以各種方式廣播OTA OSI報告。在一實施例中,扇區m 在每一量測週期中廣播OTA OSI報告。在另一實施例中,扇區m 在每一量測週期中廣播OSI位元1,且僅當此位元被設定為"1"時廣播OSI位元2。扇區m亦可將來自其他扇區之OSI報告廣播至扇區m 內之終端以獲得更好的OSI覆蓋。Sector m broadcasts its OTA OSI report based on user-induced interference control, which may contain two OSI bits or three-bit quasi-OSI values. Sector m can broadcast OTA OSI reports in a variety of ways. In an embodiment, sector m broadcasts an OTA OSI report in each measurement period. In another embodiment, sector m broadcasts OSI bit 1 in each measurement period and broadcasts OSI bit 2 only when this bit is set to "1". Sector m may also broadcast OSI reports from other sectors to terminals within sector m for better OSI coverage.
扇區m 亦為基於網路之干擾控制而將其IS OSI報告發送至相鄰扇區。該IS OSI報告可含有兩個OSI位元、三位準OSI值、量化成一預定數目之位元的量測干擾或一些其他資訊。扇區m可在每一量測週期中、或僅當觀測到過量干擾時或若滿足一些其他標準時發送IS OSI報告。在另一扇區q 中之終端指示其不能接收來自扇區m 之OSI位元時,該扇區q 亦可請求扇區m 發送IS OSI報告。每一扇區使用來自相鄰扇區之IS OSI報告來控制自其扇區中之終端的資料傳輸,以減輕相鄰扇區處之扇區間干擾。Sector m also sends its IS OSI report to neighboring sectors for network based interference control. The IS OSI report may contain two OSI bits, three quasi-OSI values, quantized interference quantized into a predetermined number of bits, or some other information. The sector m may send an IS OSI report in each measurement cycle, or only when excessive interference is observed or if some other criteria are met. When the terminal in another sector q indicates that it cannot receive the OSI bit from sector m , the sector q may also request sector m to send an IS OSI report. Each sector uses IS OSI reports from neighboring sectors to control the data transfer from terminals in its sectors to mitigate inter-sector interference at adjacent sectors.
可以各種方式來達成基於網路之干擾控制。下文描述基於網路之干擾控制之一些實施例。Network-based interference control can be achieved in a variety of ways. Some embodiments of network based interference control are described below.
在一實施例中,扇區m 基於自相鄰扇區接收之IS OSI報告來排程扇區中之終端。舉例而言,若一或多個相鄰扇區觀測到過量干擾,則扇區m 可減少由扇區m 中之不利終端所使用之發射功率,以使得此等終端對其他扇區造成較少干擾。不利終端對服務扇區具有一較小通道增益(或一較大路徑損耗)且需要以一高功率位準發射,以便在服務扇區處獲得一特定訊雜干擾比(SNR)。不利終端通常定位於靠近一相鄰扇區處,且高發射功率位準導致對此相鄰扇區之高扇區間干擾。In an embodiment, sector m ranks the terminals in the sector based on IS OSI reports received from neighboring sectors. For example, if one or more neighboring sectors observe excessive interference, sector m may reduce the transmit power used by the unfavorable terminals in sector m such that such terminals cause less of other sectors. interference. The unfavorable terminal has a smaller channel gain (or a larger path loss) for the serving sector and needs to be transmitted at a high power level to obtain a specific interference to interference ratio (SNR) at the serving sector. Unfavorable terminals are typically located near an adjacent sector, and high transmit power levels result in high inter-sector interference for this neighboring sector.
扇區m 可基於各種品質量度(諸如通道增益、導頻強度、載波雜訊比(C/N)、通道增益比等)來識別不利終端。可基於由終端發送之導頻及/或其他傳輸來估計此等品質量度。舉例而言,一終端之估計通道增益可與一通道增益臨限值比較,且若其通道增益低於該通道增益臨限值,則可認為該終端為一不利終端。扇區m 可藉由以下操作來減少由不利終端使用之發射功率:(1)減少適用於終端之高發射功率限制;(2)減少適用於終端之較低發射功率限制;(3)將需要較低SNR之較低資料速率且因此較低發射功率指派給不利終端;(4)不排程不利終端用於資料傳輸;或(5)使用一些其他方法或方法之組合。Sector m may identify adverse terminations based on various product qualities such as channel gain, pilot strength, carrier to noise ratio (C/N), channel gain ratio, and the like. The quality of such products can be estimated based on pilots and/or other transmissions transmitted by the terminal. For example, the estimated channel gain of a terminal can be compared to a channel gain threshold, and if the channel gain is lower than the channel gain threshold, the terminal can be considered an unfavorable terminal. Sector m can reduce the transmit power used by the unfavorable terminal by: (1) reducing the high transmit power limit applicable to the terminal; (2) reducing the lower transmit power limit applicable to the terminal; (3) requiring Lower data rates for lower SNR and therefore lower transmit power are assigned to unfavorable terminals; (4) unscheduled unfavorable terminals for data transmission; or (5) using some other method or combination of methods.
在另一實施例中,扇區m 使用允入控制以減輕由相鄰扇區觀測到之扇區間干擾。舉例而言,若一或多個相鄰扇區觀測到過量干擾,則扇區m 可藉由以下操作來減少扇區中之主動終端之數目:(1)拒絕存取請求在反向鏈路上發射之新終端;(2)拒絕存取不利終端;(3)重指派已被同意存取之終端;(4)重指派不利終端;或(5)使用一些其他允入控制方法。重指派終端之速率亦可為來自相鄰扇區之IS OSI報告(例如,觀測干擾位準)、觀測到過量干擾之相鄰扇區之數目及/或其他因素之函數。因此,扇區m 可基於來自相鄰扇區之IS OSI報告來調整扇區之負載。In another embodiment, sector m uses admission control to mitigate inter-sector interference observed by neighboring sectors. For example, if one or more neighboring sectors observe excessive interference, sector m can reduce the number of active terminals in the sector by: (1) rejecting the access request on the reverse link a new terminal that transmits; (2) denies access to an unfavorable terminal; (3) reassigns a terminal that has been granted access; (4) reassigns an unfavorable terminal; or (5) uses some other admission control method. The rate at which the terminal is reassigned may also be a function of IS OSI reports from neighboring sectors (e.g., observed interference levels), the number of neighboring sectors where excessive interference is observed, and/or other factors. Thus, sector m can adjust the load of the sector based on IS OSI reports from neighboring sectors.
在另一實施例中,扇區m 以一方式為終端指派訊務通道以減輕由相鄰扇區觀測之扇區間干擾。舉例而言,每一扇區可被指派一組訊務通道,其又指派至該扇區中之終端。相鄰扇區亦可共用一組共同訊務通道,其與指派至每一扇區之該組訊務通道正交。若一或多個相鄰扇區觀測到過量干擾,則扇區m 可將共同組中之訊務通道指派給扇區m 中的不利終端。此等不利終端隨後可對相鄰扇區不造成干擾,由於共同組中之訊務通道與指派至相鄰扇區之訊務通道正交。如另一實例,每一扇區可被指派一組訊務通道,其可指派至可忍受高干擾位準之強終端。若一或多個相鄰扇區觀測到過量干擾,則扇區m 可將被指派至相鄰扇區中之強終端的訊務通道指派給扇區m 中之不利終端。In another embodiment, sector m assigns a traffic channel to the terminal in a manner to mitigate inter-sector interference observed by neighboring sectors. For example, each sector can be assigned a set of traffic channels, which in turn are assigned to terminals in the sector. Adjacent sectors may also share a common set of traffic channels that are orthogonal to the set of traffic channels assigned to each sector. If one or more neighboring sectors observe excessive interference, sector m can assign the traffic channels in the common group to the unfavorable terminals in sector m . These unfavorable terminals can then cause no interference to adjacent sectors since the traffic channels in the common group are orthogonal to the traffic channels assigned to the adjacent sectors. As another example, each sector can be assigned a set of traffic channels that can be assigned to strong terminals that can tolerate high interference levels. If one or more neighboring sectors observe excessive interference, sector m may assign a traffic channel assigned to a strong terminal in the adjacent sector to the unfavorable terminal in sector m .
為清晰起見,大量以上描述係對一個扇區m 而言。系統中之每一扇區可對扇區m 執行如上所述之干擾控制。For the sake of clarity, a large number of the above descriptions are for one sector m . Each sector in the system can perform interference control as described above for sector m .
亦可以各種方式達成基於使用者之干擾控制。在一實施例中,基於使用者之干擾控制藉由允許終端基於自相鄰扇區接收之OTA OSI報告而自發調整其發射功率來達成。User-based interference control can also be achieved in a variety of ways. In an embodiment, user-based interference control is achieved by allowing the terminal to spontaneously adjust its transmit power based on OTA OSI reports received from neighboring sectors.
圖3展示用於干擾控制由一個終端u 執行之處理300。終端u 接收來自相鄰扇區之OTA OSI報告(區塊312)。接著,判定相鄰扇區是否觀測到過量干擾(例如OSI位元2是否被設定為"1")(區塊314)。若回答為"是",則終端u 以一較大遞減步長(down step size)及/或以一較快速率減少其發射功率(區塊316)。另外,判定相鄰扇區是否觀測到高干擾(例如,OSI位元1是否被設定為"1",且OSI位元2是否被設定為"0")(區塊318)。若回答為"是",則終端u 以一標稱遞減步長及/或以一標稱速率減少其發射功率(區塊320)。另外,終端u 以一標稱遞增步長及/或以一標稱速率增大其發射功率(區塊322)。FIG. 3 shows a process 300 for interference control performed by a terminal u . Terminal u receives an OTA OSI report from an adjacent sector (block 312). Next, it is determined whether or not excessive interference is observed in the adjacent sector (e.g., whether OSI bit 2 is set to "1") (block 314). If the answer is "Yes", then terminal u reduces its transmit power by a larger step size and/or at a faster rate (block 316). In addition, it is determined whether high interference is observed in the adjacent sector (for example, whether OSI bit 1 is set to "1" and OSI bit 2 is set to "0") (block 318). If the answer is yes, terminal u decreases its transmit power by a nominal decrement step and/or at a nominal rate (block 320). In addition, terminal u increments its transmit power by a nominal incremental step size and/or at a nominal rate (block 322).
圖3展示一實施例,其中OTA OSI報告輸送由相鄰扇區觀測得之為三個可能位準-低、高及過量中之一者的扇區間干擾。處理300可經延伸以覆蓋任何數目之干擾位準。一般而言,終端u 之發射功率可(1)當量測干擾高於一特定臨限值時以一與由相鄰扇區觀測得之干擾量相關之遞減步長(例如,對於較高干擾使用一較大遞減步長)來被減少;及/或(2)當量測干擾低於該特定臨限值時以與由相鄰扇區觀測得之干擾量逆向相關的遞增步長(例如,對於較低干擾使用一較大遞增步長)來被增大。步長及/或調整速率亦可基於其他參數來判定,例如終端之當前發射功率位準、相對於服務扇區之通道增益的相鄰扇區之通道增益、先前OTA OSI報告等。3 shows an embodiment in which the OTA OSI reports the inter-sector interference observed by adjacent sectors as one of three possible levels - low, high, and excessive. Process 300 can be extended to cover any number of interference levels. In general, the transmit power of terminal u can be (1) the equivalent of the measured interference is higher than a certain threshold, with a decreasing step size associated with the amount of interference observed by the adjacent sector (eg, for higher interference) Use a larger decrementing step) to be reduced; and/or (2) an incremental step that is inversely related to the amount of interference observed by neighboring sectors when the equivalent interference is below the specified threshold (eg, , using a larger incremental step for lower interference to be increased. The step size and/or rate of adjustment may also be determined based on other parameters, such as the current transmit power level of the terminal, the channel gain of adjacent sectors relative to the channel gain of the serving sector, previous OTA OSI reports, and the like.
終端u
可基於來自一或多個相鄰扇區之OTA OSI報告來調整其發射功率。終端u
可基於一自扇區接收之導頻來估計每一扇區之通道增益。終端u
接著可得到每一相鄰扇區之通道增益比,如下:
在一實施例中,終端u 識別具有最大通道增益比之最強相鄰扇區。終端u 接著基於僅來自此最強相鄰扇區之OTA OSI報告而調整其發射功率。在另一實施例中,終端u 基於來自OSI組中之所有扇區之OTA OSI報告而調整其發射功率。此OSI組可含有:(1)T個最強相鄰扇區,其中T1;(2)具有超過一通道增益比臨限值之通道增益比的相鄰扇區;(3)具有超過一通道增益臨限值之通道增益的相鄰扇區;(4)包括於一由服務扇區廣播之相鄰者清單中的相鄰扇區;或(5)一些其他群相鄰扇區。終端u 可基於來自OSI組中之多個相鄰扇區之OTA OSI報告以各種方式調整其發射功率。舉例而言,若OSI組中之任一相鄰扇區觀測到高或過量干擾,則終端u 可減少其發射功率。如另一實例,終端u 可判定OSI組中之每一相鄰扇區之發射功率調整,且接著可組合OSI組中之所有相鄰扇區的調整以獲得一整體發射功率調整。In an embodiment, terminal u identifies the strongest neighboring sector having the largest channel gain ratio. Terminal u then adjusts its transmit power based on the OTA OSI report from only the strongest neighboring sector. In another embodiment, terminal u adjusts its transmit power based on OTA OSI reports from all sectors in the OSI group. This OSI group may contain: (1) T strongest adjacent sectors, where T 1; (2) an adjacent sector having a channel gain ratio exceeding a channel gain ratio threshold; (3) an adjacent sector having a channel gain exceeding a channel gain threshold; (4) included in one An adjacent sector in the list of neighbors broadcast by the serving sector; or (5) some other group neighboring sectors. Terminal u can adjust its transmit power in various ways based on OTA OSI reports from multiple adjacent sectors in the OSI group. For example, if any adjacent sector in the OSI group observes high or excessive interference, terminal u may reduce its transmit power. As another example, terminal u may determine the transmit power adjustment for each of the neighboring sectors in the OSI group, and then may combine the adjustments of all neighboring sectors in the OSI group to obtain an overall transmit power adjustment.
一般而言,用於干擾控制之發射功率調整可結合各種功率控制方案來執行。為清晰起見,下文描述一特定功率控制方案。對於此功率控制方案而言,可將指派至終端u 之訊務通道之發射功率表達為:Pd c h (n)=Pr e f (n)+△P(n) 等式(10)其中,Pd c h (n)為用於更新間隔n 之訊務通道的發射功率;Pr e f (n) 為用於更新間隔n 之參考功率位準;且△P(n)為用於更新間隔n 之發射功率增量。In general, transmit power adjustments for interference control can be performed in conjunction with various power control schemes. For clarity, a specific power control scheme is described below. For this power control scheme, the transmit power of the traffic channel assigned to terminal u can be expressed as: P d c h (n)=P r e f (n)+ΔP(n) Equation (10) Where P d c h (n) is the transmit power used to update the traffic channel of interval n ; P r e f (n) is the reference power level used to update interval n ; and ΔP(n) is used The transmit power increment at interval n is updated.
以分貝(dB)為單位給出發射功率位準Pd c h (n)及Pr e f (n)以及發射功率增量△P(n)。The transmit power levels P d c h (n) and P r e f (n) and the transmit power increment ΔP(n) are given in decibels (dB).
參考功率位準Pr e f (n)為達成指定傳輸之目標SNR所需的發射功率之量,該指定傳輸可為由終端u 於控制通道上發送之訊號傳輸或一些其他傳輸。參考功率位準及目標SNR可經調整以達成指定傳輸之所要位準的效能,例如,1%的封包錯誤率(PER)。若訊務通道上之資料傳輸及指定傳輸觀測到相似雜訊及干擾特徵,則資料傳輸之接收SNR,即SNRd c h (n) 可被估計為:SNRd c h (n)=SNRt a r g e t +△P(n) 等式(11)The reference power level P r e f (n) is the amount of transmit power required to achieve the target SNR for the specified transmission, which may be a signal transmission or some other transmission transmitted by the terminal u on the control channel. The reference power level and the target SNR can be adjusted to achieve the desired level of performance for the specified transmission, for example, a 1% packet error rate (PER). If the data transmission and the specified transmission on the traffic channel observe similar noise and interference characteristics, the received SNR of the data transmission, ie SNR d c h (n), can be estimated as: SNR d c h (n)=SNR t a r g e t +ΔP(n) equation (11)
發射功率增量△P(n)可基於來自相鄰扇區之OTA OSI報告以確定性方式、機率性方式或一些其他方式來進行調整。發射功率可:(1)藉由使用確定性調整對不同干擾位準以不同數量進行調整;或(2)藉由使用機率性調整對不同干擾位準以不同速率進行調整。下文描述例示性確定性發射功率調整方案及機率性發射功率調整方案。為簡單起見,以下描述針對自一個相鄰扇區接收之一OSI位元的發射功率調整。此OSI位元可為OSI位元1或2。The transmit power delta ΔP(n) may be adjusted based on OTA OSI reports from neighboring sectors in a deterministic manner, a probabilistic manner, or some other manner. The transmit power may be: (1) adjusted to different levels of interference by using deterministic adjustments; or (2) adjusted at different rates for different levels of interference by using probabilistic adjustments. An exemplary deterministic transmit power adjustment scheme and a probabilistic transmit power adjustment scheme are described below. For simplicity, the following description is directed to transmit power adjustment for receiving one OSI bit from one adjacent sector. This OSI bit can be OSI bit 1 or 2.
圖4展示以確定性方式調整終端u
之發射功率的處理400。最初,終端u
處理來自相鄰扇區之OTA OSI報告(區塊412)且判定OSI位元為"1"還是為"0"(區塊414)。若OSI位元為"1",其指示觀測干擾超過一干擾臨限值,那麼終端u
判定發射功率之減少量或遞減步長△Pd n
(n)(區塊422)。△Pd n
(n)可基於先前更新間隔之發射功率增量△P(n-1)及相鄰扇區之通道增益比r ns (n)
來判定。接著,終端u
可將發射功率增量減少△Pd n
(n)(區塊424)。相反地,若OSI位元為"0",則終端u
判定發射功率之增大量或遞增步長△Pu p
(n)(區塊432)。△Pu p
(n)亦可基於△P(n-1)及rn s
(n)判定。接著,終端u
將發射功率增量增大△Pu p
(n)(區塊434)。區塊424及區塊434中之發射功率調整可表達為:
在區塊424及區塊434之後,終端u
將發射功率增量△P(n)限於容許發射功率增量的範圍內(區塊442),如下:
將扇區中之所有終端之發射功率增量限制於發射功率增量的一範圍內(如等式(13)所示)可將扇區內干擾維持於可接受的位準中。最小發射功率增量△Pm i n 可由一控制迴路來調整以確保每一終端可滿足終端所屬之服務品質(QoS)等級的要求。用於不同QoS等級之△Pm i n 可以不同速率及/或不同步長來調整。Limiting the transmit power increment of all terminals in a sector to a range of transmit power increments (as shown in equation (13)) maintains intra-sector interference in an acceptable level. The minimum transmit power increment ΔP m i n can be adjusted by a control loop to ensure that each terminal can meet the quality of service (QoS) level to which the terminal belongs. ΔP m i n for different QoS levels can be adjusted at different rates and/or out of sync.
接著,終端u
基於發射功率增量△P(n)及參考功率位準Pr e f (n)
來計算訊務通道之發射功率Pd c h
(n),如等式(10)所示(區塊444)。終端u
可將發射功率Pd c h
(n)限於最大功率位準Pm a x
之內(區塊446),如下:
終端u對於訊務通道上之資料傳輸使用發射功率Pd c h (n )。The terminal u uses the transmission power P d c h ( n ) for data transmission on the traffic channel.
在一實施例中,△Pd n (n)及△Pu p (n)步長如下計算:△Pd n (n)=fd n (△Pd n , m i n ,△P(n-1),rn s (n),kd n ),且 等式(15a)△Pu p (n)=fu p (△Pu p , m i n ,△P(n-1),rn s (n),ku p ), 等式(15b)其中,△Pd n , m i n 及△Pu p , m i n 分別為△Pd n (n)及△Pu p (n)之最小值;kd n 及ku p 分別為△Pd n (n)及△Pu p (n)之比例係數;且fd n ()及fup()分別為計算△ Pdn(n)及△ Pup(n)之函數。In one embodiment, the ΔP d n (n) and ΔP u p (n) steps are calculated as follows: ΔP d n (n)=f d n (ΔP d n , m i n , ΔP( N-1), r n s (n), k d n ), and equation (15a) ΔP u p (n)=f u p (ΔP u p , m i n , ΔP(n-1) ), r n s (n), k u p ), Equation (15b) where ΔP d n , m i n and ΔP u p , m i n are ΔP d n (n) and ΔP, respectively The minimum value of u p (n); k d n and k u p are the proportional coefficients of ΔP d n (n) and ΔP u p (n), respectively; and f d n () and fup() are respectively calculated △ Functions of Pdn(n) and ΔPup(n).
函數fd n ()可經界定以使得△Pd n (n)與△P(n-1)及rn s (n)兩者相關。若相鄰扇區觀測到高或過量干擾,則:(1)相鄰扇區之較大通道增益導致一較大△Pd n (n);且(2)△P(n-1)之較大值導致一較大△Pd n (n)。函數fu p ()可經界定以使得△Pu p (n)與△P(n-1)及rn s (n).兩者逆向相關。若相鄰扇區觀測到低干擾,則:(1)相鄰扇區之一較大通道增益導致一較大△Pd n (n);且(2)△P(n-1)之較大值導致一較大△Pd n (n)。The function f d n () can be defined such that ΔP d n (n) is related to both ΔP(n-1) and r n s (n). If high or excessive interference is observed in adjacent sectors, then: (1) the larger channel gain of the adjacent sector results in a larger ΔP d n (n); and (2) ΔP(n-1) A larger value results in a larger ΔP d n (n). The function f u p () can be defined such that ΔP u p (n) is inversely related to both ΔP(n-1) and r n s (n). If low interference is observed in adjacent sectors, then: (1) one of the adjacent sectors has a larger channel gain resulting in a larger ΔP d n (n); and (2) ΔP(n-1) A large value results in a larger ΔP d n (n).
圖4展示用於來自一個相鄰扇區之一個OSI位元的處理。當相鄰扇區觀測到過量干擾時,一較大值可用於△Pd n (n)。當相鄰扇區觀測到高干擾時,一較小值可用於△Pd n (n)。可藉由對高干擾及過量干擾分別使用不同比例係數kd n 1 及kd n 2 來獲得不同遞減步長。Figure 4 shows the process for an OSI bit from an adjacent sector. A larger value can be used for ΔP d n (n) when excessive interference is observed in adjacent sectors. A small value can be used for ΔP d n (n) when high interference is observed in adjacent sectors. Different decreasing steps can be obtained by using different scaling coefficients k d n 1 and k d n 2 for high interference and excessive interference, respectively.
圖5展示以機率性方式來調整終端u 之發射功率之處理500。最初,終端u 處理來自相鄰扇區之OT△ OSI報告(區塊512)且判定OSI位元為"1"還是為"0"(區塊514)。若OSI位元為"1",則終端u (例如)基於△P(n-1)及rn s (n)判定減少發射功率Prd n (n)之機率(區塊522)。接著,終端u 隨機地在0.0與1.0之間選擇一值x,其中x為均勻分佈於0.0與1.0之間的隨機變數(區塊524)。若x小於或等於Prd n (n)(如區塊526所判定),則終端u 將其發射功率增量減少△Pd n (區塊528)。另外,若x大於Prd n (n),則終端u 將發射功率增量維持於當前位準(區塊530)。FIG. 5 shows a process 500 for adjusting the transmit power of terminal u in a probabilistic manner. Initially, terminal u processes the OT Δ OSI report from the neighboring sector (block 512) and determines if the OSI bit is "1" or "0" (block 514). If the OSI bit is "1", the terminal u determines , for example, the probability of reducing the transmission power Pr d n (n) based on ΔP(n-1) and r n s (n) (block 522). Next, terminal u randomly selects a value x between 0.0 and 1.0, where x is a random variable uniformly distributed between 0.0 and 1.0 (block 524). If x is less than or equal to Pr d n (n) (as determined by block 526), terminal u reduces its transmit power increment by ΔP d n (block 528). Additionally, if x is greater than Pr d n (n), terminal u maintains the transmit power increment at the current level (block 530).
若在區塊514中OSI位元為"0",則終端u
(例如)基於△P(n-1)及rn s
(n)判定增大發射功率Pru p
(n)之機率(區塊532)。接著,終端u
隨機地在0.0與1.0之間選擇一值x(區塊534)。若x小於或等於Pru p
(n)(如區塊536所判定),則終端u
將其發射功率增量增大△Pu p
(區塊538)。另外,若x大於Pru p
(n),則終端u
將發射功率增量維持於當前位準(區塊530)。區塊528、530及538中之發射功率調整可表達為:
在區塊528、530及538之後,終端u 限制發射功率增量,如等式(13)所示(區塊542)。接著,終端u 基於發射功率增量△P(n)及參考功率位準Pr e f (n)來計算發射功率Pd c h (n),如等式(10)所示(區塊544),且進一步將發射功率Pd c h (n)限於最大功率位準之內,如等式(14)所示(區塊546)。終端u 對訊務通道上之資料傳輸使用發射功率Pd c h (n)。After blocks 528, 530, and 538, terminal u limits the transmit power increment as shown in equation (13) (block 542). Next, the terminal u calculates the transmission power P d c h (n) based on the transmission power increment ΔP(n) and the reference power level P r e f (n) as shown in equation (10) (block 544) And further limiting the transmit power P d c h (n) to the maximum power level, as shown in equation (14) (block 546). The terminal u uses the transmission power P d c h (n) for data transmission on the traffic channel.
在一實施例中,機率如下計算:
函數f'd n ()可經界定以使得Prd n (n)與△P(n-1)及rn s (n)兩者相關。若相鄰扇區觀測到高干擾或過量干擾,則:(1)相鄰扇區之一較大通道增益導致一較大Prd n (n);且(2)△P(n-1)之一較大值導致一較大Prd n (n)。較大Prd n (n)導致減少發射功率之一較高機率。函數f'u p ()可經界定以使得Pru p (n)與△P(n-1)及rn s (n)兩者逆向相關。若相鄰扇區觀測到低干擾,則:(1)相鄰扇區之一較大通道增益導致一較小Pru p (n);且(2)△P(n-1)之一較大值導致一較小Pru p (n)。較小Pru p (n)導致增大發射功率之一較低機率。The function f' d n () can be defined such that Pr d n (n) is related to both ΔP(n-1) and r n s (n). If high interference or excessive interference is observed in adjacent sectors, then: (1) one of the adjacent sectors has a larger channel gain resulting in a larger Pr d n (n); and (2) ΔP(n-1) One of the larger values results in a larger Pr d n (n). Larger Pr d n (n) results in a higher probability of reducing transmission power. The function f' u p () can be defined such that Pr u p (n) is inversely related to both ΔP(n-1) and r n s (n). If low interference is observed in adjacent sectors, then: (1) one of the adjacent sectors has a larger channel gain resulting in a smaller Pr u p (n); and (2) one of ΔP(n-1) Large values result in a smaller Pr u p (n). A smaller Pr u p (n) results in a lower probability of increasing one of the transmit powers.
圖5展示用於來自一個相鄰扇區之一個OSI位元的處理。當相鄰扇區觀測到過量干擾時,一較大值可用於Prd n (n)。當相鄰扇區觀測到高干擾時,一較小值可用於Prd n (n)。可(例如)藉由對高干擾及過量干擾分別使用不同比例係數kd n 1 及kd n 2 來獲得不同遞減機率且因此獲得功率調整的不同速率。Figure 5 shows the process for an OSI bit from an adjacent sector. A larger value can be used for Pr d n (n) when excessive interference is observed in adjacent sectors. A small value can be used for Pr d n (n) when high interference is observed in adjacent sectors. Different rates of decrementing and thus different rates of power adjustment can be obtained, for example, by using different scaling factors k d n 1 and k d n 2 for high and excessive interference, respectively.
一般而言,可使用各種函數來計算△Pd n (n)及△Pu p (n)步長以及Prd n (n)及Pru p (n)機率。函數可基於各種參數來被界定,諸如當前發射功率、當前發射功率增量、當前OTA OSI報告、先前OTA OSI報告、通道增益等。每一函數可對各種功率控制特徵(諸如系統中之終端的發射功率調整之收斂速率及發射功率增量之分佈)具有不同影響。亦可基於查找表及一些其他構件來判定步長及機率。In general, various functions can be used to calculate the ΔP d n (n) and ΔP u p (n) steps and the Pr d n (n) and Pr u p (n) chances. The function may be defined based on various parameters, such as current transmit power, current transmit power increment, current OTA OSI report, previous OTA OSI report, channel gain, and the like. Each function can have different effects on various power control features, such as the convergence rate of transmit power adjustments of the terminals in the system and the distribution of transmit power increments. The step size and probability can also be determined based on a lookup table and some other components.
亦可基於QoS等級、使用者優先等級等來執行上文所述之發射功率調整及/或允入控制。舉例而言,使用應急服務之終端及警用終端可具有較高優先權且能夠以比正常優先使用者更快的速率及/或更大的步長來調整發射功率。如另一實例,發送語音訊務之終端可以較慢速率及/或較小步長來調整發射功率。The transmit power adjustment and/or admission control described above may also be performed based on QoS levels, user priority levels, and the like. For example, terminals using emergency services and police terminals may have higher priority and be able to adjust transmit power at a faster rate and/or larger steps than normal priority users. As another example, a terminal transmitting voice traffic can adjust the transmit power at a slower rate and/or a smaller step size.
終端u 亦可改變基於自相鄰扇區接收之先前OTA OSI報告來調整發射功率之方式。舉例而言,若相鄰扇區報告過量干擾,則終端u 可以一特定遞減步長及/或特定速率來減少其發射功率,且若相鄰扇區繼續報告過量干擾,則終端u 可以一較大遞減步長及/或較快速率來減少發射功率。或者或另外,若相鄰扇區報告過量干擾或若相鄰扇區繼續報告過量干擾,則終端u 可忽略等式(13)中之△Pm i n 。Terminal u may also change the manner in which the transmit power is adjusted based on previous OTA OSI reports received from neighboring sectors. For example, if the neighboring sector reports excessive interference, the terminal u may reduce its transmit power by a specific decreasing step size and/or a specific rate, and if the neighboring sector continues to report excessive interference, the terminal u may compare Large decrement step size and / or faster rate to reduce transmit power. Alternatively or additionally, terminal u may ignore ΔP m i n in equation (13) if adjacent sectors report excessive interference or if adjacent sectors continue to report excessive interference.
上文已描述了減輕扇區間干擾之功率控制的各種實施例。亦可以其他方式來執行干擾及功率控制,且此在本發明之範疇內。Various embodiments of power control to mitigate inter-sector interference have been described above. Interference and power control can also be performed in other ways, and this is within the scope of the present invention.
在一實施例中,每一扇區將其OTA OSI報告廣播至相鄰扇區中之終端,如上所述。可以足夠發射功率來廣播該OTA OSI報告以達成相鄰扇區中之所要覆蓋。每一終端可接收來自相鄰扇區之OTA OSI報告,且以一方式處理此等OTA OSI報告以達成一足夠低的偵測失誤(misdetection)率及一足夠低的假警報機率。偵測失誤係指偵測已被傳輸之OSI位元或值失敗。假警報係指接收OSI位元或值之錯誤偵測。舉例而言,若OSI位元使用BPSK來傳輸,則終端可宣告接收OSI位元為:(1)若偵測OSI位元低於一第一臨限值,即OSI位元<-Bt h ,則為"0";(2)若偵測OSI位元超過一第二臨限值,即OSI位元>+Bt h ,則為"1";且(3)另外,即+B th OSI位元-B th ,則為空位元。終端通常可藉由調整用於偵測之臨限值來取捨偵測失誤率與假警報機率。In an embodiment, each sector broadcasts its OTA OSI report to a terminal in an adjacent sector, as described above. The transmit power can be sufficient to broadcast the OTA OSI report to achieve the desired coverage in the adjacent sector. Each terminal can receive OTA OSI reports from neighboring sectors and process the OTA OSI reports in a manner to achieve a sufficiently low detection misdetection rate and a sufficiently low false alarm probability. A detection error is a failure to detect an OSI bit or value that has been transmitted. A false alarm is an error detection that receives an OSI bit or value. For example, if the OSI bit is transmitted using BPSK, the terminal may announce that the receiving OSI bit is: (1) if the detected OSI bit is lower than a first threshold, that is, the OSI bit <-B t h , then "0"; (2) if the OSI bit is detected to exceed a second threshold, ie, the OSI bit >+B t h , then "1"; and (3) additionally, ie, +B th OSI bit -B th , then an empty bit. The terminal can usually choose the detection error rate and the false alarm probability by adjusting the threshold for detection.
在另一實施例中,每一扇區亦將由相鄰扇區產生之OTA OSI報告廣播至其扇區內之終端。每一扇區因此作為相鄰扇區之代理伺服器。此實施例可確保每一終端能可靠地接收由相鄰扇區產生之OTA OSI報告,由於終端可接收來自服務扇區之此等OTA OSI報告。此實施例非常適合於其中扇區覆蓋大小不等之不對稱網路佈署。較小扇區通常以較低功率位準發射,且由此等較小扇區廣播之OTA OSI報告可不能由相鄰扇區中之終端可靠地接收。較小扇區接著將受益於由相鄰扇區將其OTA OSI報告廣播。In another embodiment, each sector also broadcasts an OTA OSI report generated by an adjacent sector to a terminal within its sector. Each sector thus acts as a proxy server for adjacent sectors. This embodiment ensures that each terminal can reliably receive OTA OSI reports generated by neighboring sectors, since the terminals can receive such OTA OSI reports from the serving sectors. This embodiment is well suited for asymmetric network deployment where sector coverage sizes are unequal. Smaller sectors are typically transmitted at lower power levels, and thus OTA OSI reports of smaller sector broadcasts may not be reliably received by terminals in adjacent sectors. The smaller sector will then benefit from having its OTA OSI report broadcast by the adjacent sector.
一般而言,一特定扇區m 可廣播由其他扇區之任一數目及任一者產生之OTA OSI報告。在一實施例中,扇區m 廣播由扇區m 之相鄰者清單中之扇區產生的OTA OSI報告。相鄰者清單可由網路操作員或以一些其他方式形成。在另一實施例中,扇區m 廣播由包括於扇區m 中之終端之主動組中的所有扇區產生之OTA OSI報告。每一終端可維持一包括終端與之通信之所有扇區的主動組。由於終端自一個扇區交換至另一扇區,故可將扇區添加至主動組或自主動組移除。在又一實施例中,扇區m 廣播由包括於扇區m 中之終端之候選組中的所有扇區產生之OTA OSI報告。每一終端可維持一包括終端可與之通信之所有扇區的候選組。可(例如)基於通道增益及/或一些其他參數來將扇區添加至候選組或自候選組移除。在又一實施例中,扇區m 廣播由包括於扇區m 中之終端之OSI組中的所有扇區產生之OTA OSI報告。每一終端之OSI組可界定為如上所述。In general, a particular sector m can broadcast an OTA OSI report generated by any number and any of the other sectors. In an embodiment, sector m broadcasts an OTA OSI report generated by a sector in the list of neighbors of sector m . The list of neighbors can be formed by a network operator or in some other way. In another embodiment, sector m broadcasts an OTA OSI report generated by all sectors in the active set of terminals included in sector m . Each terminal can maintain an active set including all sectors with which the terminal communicates. Since the terminal switches from one sector to another, the sector can be added to the active group or removed from the active group. In yet another embodiment, sector m broadcasts an OTA OSI report generated by all of the sectors included in the candidate set of terminals in sector m . Each terminal can maintain a candidate set including all sectors with which the terminal can communicate. Sectors may be added to or removed from the candidate set based, for example, on channel gain and/or some other parameter. In yet another embodiment, sector m broadcasts an OTA OSI report generated by all sectors in the OSI group of terminals included in sector m . The OSI group of each terminal can be defined as described above.
如上所述,系統可僅利用基於使用者之干擾控制或僅利用基於網路之干擾控制。由於每一扇區及每一終端可自發地作用,故可較簡單地實施基於使用者之干擾控制。由於以一協調方式來執行干擾控制,故基於網路之干擾控制可提供改良效能。系統亦可同時利用基於使用者之干擾控制及基於網路之干擾控制兩者。系統亦可一直利用基於使用者之干擾控制,且可僅在觀測到過量干擾時調用基於網路之干擾控制。系統亦可為不同操作條件調用每一類型之干擾控制。As noted above, the system can utilize only user-based interference control or only network-based interference control. Since each sector and each terminal can act autonomously, user-based interference control can be implemented relatively simply. Network-based interference control provides improved performance by performing interference control in a coordinated manner. The system can also utilize both user-based interference control and network-based interference control. The system can also always utilize user-based interference control and can invoke network-based interference control only when excessive interference is observed. The system can also call each type of interference control for different operating conditions.
圖6展示可用於調整系統100中之終端120x之發射功率的功率控制機制600。終端120x與服務扇區110x通信,且可對相鄰扇區110a至110l造成干擾。功率控制機制600包括(1)在終端120x與服務扇區110x之間運作之參考迴路610及(2)在終端120x與相鄰扇區110a至110l之間運作之第二迴路620。參考迴路610及第二迴路620可同時運作,但可以不同速率被更新,由於參考迴路610為一比第二迴路620更快的迴路。為簡單起見,圖6僅展示存在於終端120x處之迴路610及620之部分。6 shows a power control mechanism 600 that can be used to adjust the transmit power of terminal 120x in system 100. Terminal 120x communicates with serving sector 110x and can cause interference to adjacent sectors 110a through 110l. The power control mechanism 600 includes (1) a reference loop 610 operating between the terminal 120x and the serving sector 110x and (2) a second loop 620 operating between the terminal 120x and the adjacent sectors 110a through 110l. Reference loop 610 and second loop 620 can operate simultaneously, but can be updated at different rates, since reference loop 610 is a faster loop than second loop 620. For simplicity, Figure 6 shows only portions of loops 610 and 620 that are present at terminal 120x.
參考迴路610調整參考功率位準Pr e f (n),以使得指定傳輸之接收SNR(如在服務扇區110x處量測得)盡可能接近目標SNR。對於參考迴路610而言,服務扇區110x估計指定傳輸之接收SNR,比較接收SNR與目標SNR,且基於比較結果而產生發射功率控制(TPC)指令。每一TPC指令可為(1)用以引導參考功率位準增大之遞增(UP)指令或(2)用以引導參考功率位準減小之遞減(DOWN)指令。服務扇區110x將前向鏈路(雲狀物670)上之TPC指令傳輸至終端120x。The reference loop 610 adjusts the reference power level P r e f (n) such that the received SNR of the designated transmission (as measured at the serving sector 110x) is as close as possible to the target SNR. For reference loop 610, serving sector 110x estimates the received SNR for the specified transmission, compares the received SNR to the target SNR, and generates a transmit power control (TPC) command based on the comparison. Each TPC command can be (1) an up (UP) instruction to direct a reference power level increase or (2) a decrement (DOWN) instruction to direct a reference power level decrease. Serving sector 110x transmits the TPC command on the forward link (cloud 670) to terminal 120x.
在終端120x處,TPC指令處理器642偵測由服務扇區110x發射之TPC指令且提供TPC決策。若一接收TPC指令被認為係一UP指令,則每一TPC決策可為一UP決策,或若該接收TPC指令被認為係一DOWN指令,則每一TPC決策可為一DOWN決策。參考功率調整單元644基於TPC決策來調整參考功率位準。單元644可對於每一UP決策將Pr e f (n) 增大一遞增步長,且對於每一DOWN決策將Pr e f (n) 減小一遞減步長。發射(TX)資料處理器660按比例縮放指定傳輸以獲得該參考功率位準。終端120x將指定傳輸發送至服務扇區110x。At terminal 120x, TPC command processor 642 detects the TPC command transmitted by serving sector 110x and provides a TPC decision. If a receiving TPC command is considered to be an UP command, each TPC decision may be an UP decision, or if the receive TPC command is considered to be a DOWN command, then each TPC decision may be a DOWN decision. The reference power adjustment unit 644 adjusts the reference power level based on the TPC decision. Unit 644 may increase P r e f (n) by an incremental step for each UP decision and reduce P r e f (n) by one decrement step for each DOWN decision. A transmit (TX) data processor 660 scales the designated transmission to obtain the reference power level. Terminal 120x sends the designated transmission to serving sector 110x.
歸因於路徑損耗、衰退及對反向鏈路(雲狀物640)之多路徑效應(其通常隨時間而改變,且尤其對於一行動終端而言),指定傳輸之接收SNR連續波動。參考迴路610試圖在反向鏈路通道條件存在變化的情況下將指定傳輸之接收SNR維持於目標SNR處或其附近。Due to path loss, fading, and multipath effects on the reverse link (cloud 640), which typically change over time, and especially for a mobile terminal, the received SNR of the designated transmission continually fluctuates. Reference loop 610 attempts to maintain the received SNR of the designated transmission at or near the target SNR if there is a change in reverse link channel conditions.
第二迴路620調整指派至終端120x之訊務通道之發射功率Pdch (n),以使得盡可能高的功率位準被用於訊務通道,且同時將扇區間干擾保持於可接受的位準內。對於第二迴路620而言,每一相鄰扇區110接收反向鏈路上之傳輸、估計由相鄰扇區自其他扇區中之終端觀測得之扇區間干擾,基於干擾估計而產生OTA OSI報告且將OTA OSI報告廣播至其他扇區中之終端。The second loop 620 adjusts the transmit power P dch (n) assigned to the traffic channel of the terminal 120x such that the highest possible power level is used for the traffic channel while maintaining inter-sector interference at acceptable bits. Within the standard. For the second loop 620, each adjacent sector 110 receives transmissions on the reverse link, estimates inter-sector interference observed by neighboring sectors from terminals in other sectors, and generates OTA OSI based on interference estimates. Report and broadcast the OTA OSI report to terminals in other sectors.
在終端120x處,OSI報告處理器652接收由相鄰扇區廣播之OTA OSI報告且將偵測之OSI報告提供至一發射功率增量調整單元656。一通道估計器654接收來自服務扇區及相鄰扇區之導頻,估計每一扇區之通道增益且將所有扇區之估計通道增益提供至單元656。單元656判定相鄰扇區之通道增益比,且基於偵測之OSI報告及通道增益比而進一步調整發射功率增量△P(n),如上所述。單元656可實施圖3至圖5中所示之處理300、400及/或500。發射功率計算單元658基於來自單元644之參考發射位準Pref (n)、來自單元656之發射功率增量△P(n)及或其他因素來計算發射功率Pdch (n)。TX資料處理器660對於至服務扇區110x之資料傳輸使用發射功率Pdch (n)。At terminal 120x, OSI reporting processor 652 receives the OTA OSI report broadcast by the neighboring sector and provides the detected OSI report to a transmit power delta adjustment unit 656. A channel estimator 654 receives pilots from the serving sector and adjacent sectors, estimates channel gain for each sector, and provides estimated channel gain for all sectors to unit 656. Unit 656 determines the channel gain ratio of the adjacent sectors and further adjusts the transmit power increment ΔP(n) based on the detected OSI report and channel gain ratio, as described above. Unit 656 can implement processes 300, 400, and/or 500 illustrated in Figures 3-5. Transmit power calculation unit 658 calculates transmit power P dch (n) based on reference transmit level P ref (n) from unit 644, transmit power increment ΔP(n) from unit 656, and/or other factors. TX data processor 660 uses transmit power P dch (n) for data transmission to serving sector 110x.
圖6展示可用於干擾控制之例示性功率控制機制。干擾控制亦可以其他方式及/或使用與上述彼等參數不同之參數來執行。Figure 6 shows an exemplary power control mechanism that can be used for interference control. Interference control can also be performed in other ways and/or using parameters different from those described above.
圖7展示終端120x、服務基地台110x及相鄰基地台110y之一實施例之方塊圖。為清晰起見,以下描述假定使用圖6所示之功率控制機制600。7 shows a block diagram of one embodiment of a terminal 120x, a serving base station 110x, and an adjacent base station 110y. For the sake of clarity, the following description assumes the use of the power control mechanism 600 shown in FIG.
在反向鏈路上,在終端120x處,TX資料處理器710編碼、交錯且符號映射反向鏈路(RL)訊務資料及控制資料且提供資料符號。調變器(Mod)712將資料符號及導頻符號映射至適當子頻帶及符號週期上,執行OFDM調變(若適用)且提供一序列複值晶片。發射單元(TMTR)714調節(例如,轉變至類比、放大、過濾及增頻轉換)該序列晶片且產生經由天線716傳輸之反向鏈路訊號。On the reverse link, at terminal 120x, TX data processor 710 encodes, interleaves, and symbol maps reverse link (RL) traffic data and control data and provides data symbols. Modulator (Mod) 712 maps the data symbols and pilot symbols onto the appropriate sub-bands and symbol periods, performs OFDM modulation (if applicable) and provides a sequence of complex-valued chips. A transmit unit (TMTR) 714 conditions (e.g., transitions to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the sequenced wafer and produces a reverse link signal transmitted via antenna 716.
在服務基地台110x處,多個天線752xa至752xt接收來自終端120x及其他終端之反向鏈路訊號。每一天線752x將一接收訊號提供至一個別接收單元(RCVR)754x。每一接收單元754x調節(例如,過濾、放大、及降頻轉換及數位化)其接收訊號,執行OFDM調變(若適用)且提供接收符號。一RX空間處理器758對來自所有接收單元之接收符號執行接收器空間處理,且提供資料符號估計(其為傳輸資料符號的估計)。一RX資料處理器760x解映射、解交錯且解碼資料符號估計,且提供用於當前由基地台110x服務之終端120x及其他終端之解碼資料。At the serving base station 110x, the plurality of antennas 752xa through 752xt receive reverse link signals from the terminal 120x and other terminals. Each antenna 752x provides a receive signal to a different receive unit (RCVR) 754x. Each receiving unit 754x adjusts (eg, filters, amplifies, and downconverts and digitizes) its received signals, performs OFDM modulation (if applicable), and provides received symbols. An RX spatial processor 758 performs receiver spatial processing on the received symbols from all of the receiving units and provides a data symbol estimate (which is an estimate of the transmitted data symbols). An RX data processor 760x demaps, deinterleaves, and decodes the data symbol estimates and provides decoded data for the terminal 120x and other terminals currently served by the base station 110x.
可類似於上述用於反向鏈路之處理來執行用於前向鏈路傳輸之處理。用於前向及反向鏈路上之傳輸處理通常由系統指定。The processing for forward link transmission can be performed similar to the above-described processing for the reverse link. Transmission processing for the forward and reverse links is typically specified by the system.
對於干擾及功率控制而言,在服務基地台110x處,RX空間處理器758x估計終端120x之接收SNR,估計由基地台110x觀測得之扇區間干擾且提供終端120x之SNR估計及干擾估計(例如,量測干擾I meas,m )至控制器770x。控制器770x基於終端之SNR估計及目標SNR產生用於終端120x之TPC指令。控制器770x可基於干擾估計產生OTA OSI報告及/或IS OSI報告。控制器770x亦可經由通信(Comm)單元774x接收來自相鄰扇區之IS OSI報告。TPC指令、用於基地台110x之OTA OSI報告及可能用於其他扇區之OTA OSI報告由TX資料處理器782x及TX空間處理器784x處理、由發射單元754xa至754xt調節,且經由天線752xa至752xt發射。可經由通信單元774x將來自基地台110x之IS OSI報告發送至相鄰扇區。For interference and power control, at the serving base station 110x, the RX spatial processor 758x estimates the received SNR of the terminal 120x, estimates the inter-sector interference observed by the base station 110x, and provides the SNR estimate and interference estimate for the terminal 120x (eg, The interference I meas,m ) is measured to the controller 770x. The controller 770x generates a TPC command for the terminal 120x based on the SNR estimate of the terminal and the target SNR. The controller 770x can generate an OTA OSI report and/or an IS OSI report based on the interference estimate. Controller 770x may also receive IS OSI reports from neighboring sectors via communication (Comm) unit 774x. The TPC command, the OTA OSI report for base station 110x, and the OTA OSI report that may be used for other sectors are processed by TX data processor 782x and TX spatial processor 784x, adjusted by transmit units 754xa through 754xt, and via antenna 752xa to 752xt launch. The IS OSI report from the base station 110x can be sent to the adjacent sector via the communication unit 774x.
在相鄰基地台110y處,多個天線752ya至752yt接收來自終端120x及其他終端之反向鏈路訊號。每一天線752y將一接收訊號提供至一個別接收單元(RCVR)754ya至754yt。每一接收單元754y調節(例如,過濾、放大、及降頻轉換及數位化)其接收訊號,執行OFDM調變(若適用)且提供接收符號。一RX空間處理器758y估計由基地台110y觀測得之扇區間干擾,且將一干擾估計提供至控制器770y。一RX資料處理器760y解映射、解交錯並解碼資料符號估計,並提供用於當前由基地台110x服務之終端120x及其他終端之解碼資料。控制器770y可基於該干擾估計而產生一OTA OSI報告及/或一IS OSI報告。該OTA OSI報告經處理且廣播至系統中之終端。可經由一通信單元774y將該IS OSI報告發送至相鄰扇區。用於基地台110x之OTA OSI報告及可能用於其他扇區之OTA OSI報告由一TX資料處理器782y及一TX空間處理器784y處理。At adjacent base station 110y, multiple antennas 752ya through 752yt receive reverse link signals from terminal 120x and other terminals. Each antenna 752y provides a receive signal to a different receiving unit (RCVR) 754ya through 754yt. Each receiving unit 754y conditions (eg, filters, amplifies, and downconverts and digitizes) its received signals, performs OFDM modulation (if applicable), and provides received symbols. An RX spatial processor 758y estimates the inter-sector interference observed by the base station 110y and provides an interference estimate to the controller 770y. An RX data processor 760y demaps, deinterleaves, and decodes the data symbol estimates and provides decoded data for the terminal 120x and other terminals currently served by the base station 110x. Controller 770y may generate an OTA OSI report and/or an IS OSI report based on the interference estimate. The OTA OSI report is processed and broadcast to terminals in the system. The IS OSI report can be sent to an adjacent sector via a communication unit 774y. The OTA OSI report for base station 110x and the OTA OSI report that may be used for other sectors are processed by a TX data processor 782y and a TX spatial processor 784y.
在終端120x處,天線716接收來自服務基地台及相鄰基地台之前向鏈路訊號,且將接收訊號提供至接收單元714。接收訊號由接收單元714進行調節及數位化,且進一 步由解調變器(Demod)742及RX資料處理器744處理。處理器744提供用於終端120x之由服務基地台110x發送之TPC指令及由相鄰基地台廣播之OTA OSI報告。解調變器742內之通道估計器估計每一基地台之通道增益。控制器720偵測接收之TPC指令且基於TPC決策來更新參考功率位準。控制器720亦基於自相鄰基地台接收之OTA OSI報告以及服務基地台及相鄰基地台之通道增益來調整訊務通道之發射功率。控制器720提供經指派至終端120x之訊務通道之發射功率。處理器710及/或調變器712基於由控制器720提供之發射功率來按比例縮放資料符號。At terminal 120x, antenna 716 receives the forward link signals from the serving base station and the adjacent base stations and provides the received signals to receiving unit 714. The receiving signal is adjusted and digitized by the receiving unit 714, and further The steps are processed by a demodulator (Demod) 742 and an RX data processor 744. The processor 744 provides TPC commands for the terminal 120x to be transmitted by the serving base station 110x and OTA OSI reports broadcast by neighboring base stations. A channel estimator within demodulator 742 estimates the channel gain for each base station. The controller 720 detects the received TPC command and updates the reference power level based on the TPC decision. The controller 720 also adjusts the transmit power of the traffic channel based on the OTA OSI report received from the neighboring base station and the channel gain of the serving base station and the adjacent base station. Controller 720 provides the transmit power assigned to the traffic channel of terminal 120x. Processor 710 and/or modulator 712 scales the data symbols based on the transmit power provided by controller 720.
控制器720、770x及770y分別引導在終端120x以及基地台110x及110y處之各種處理單元的操作。此等控制器亦可執行用於干擾及功率控制之各種功能。舉例而言,控制器720可實施圖6所示之單元642至658及/或圖3至圖5所示之處理300、400及/或500中之任一者或所有者。每一基地台110之控制器770可實施圖2中之處理200的全部或一部分。記憶體單元722、772x及772y分別儲存用於控制器720、770x及770y之資料及程式碼。排程器780x排程終端以與基地台110x通信,且亦(例如)基於來自相鄰基地台之IS OSI報告來指派訊務通道至經排程之終端。Controllers 720, 770x, and 770y direct the operation of various processing units at terminal 120x and base stations 110x and 110y, respectively. These controllers can also perform various functions for interference and power control. For example, controller 720 can implement any one or the owner of processes 300, 400, and/or 500 illustrated in FIG. 6 and/or FIGS. 3 through 5. The controller 770 of each base station 110 can implement all or a portion of the process 200 of FIG. The memory units 722, 772x, and 772y store data and code for the controllers 720, 770x, and 770y, respectively. The scheduler 780x schedules the terminals to communicate with the base station 110x and also assigns traffic channels to the scheduled terminals based, for example, on IS OSI reports from neighboring base stations.
可由各種構件來實施本文所述之干擾控制技術。舉例而言,可在硬體、軟體或其組合中實施此等技術。對於一硬體實施而言,可在一或多個特殊應用積體電路(ASIC)、數位訊號處理器(DSP)、數位訊號處理設備(DSPD)、可程式化邏輯設備(PLD)、場可程式化閘陣列(FPGA)、處理器、控制器、微控制器、微處理器、電子設備、經設計以執行本文所述之功能的其他電子單元或其組合內實施用於在基地台處執行干擾控制之處理單元。亦可在一或多個ASIC、DSP、處理器、電子設備等中實施用於在終端處執行干擾控制之處理單元。The interference control techniques described herein can be implemented by a variety of components. For example, such techniques can be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination thereof. For a hardware implementation, one or more special application integrated circuits (ASIC), digital signal processor (DSP), digital signal processing device (DSPD), programmable logic device (PLD), field can be A programmed gate array (FPGA), processor, controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, electronics, other electronic unit designed to perform the functions described herein, or a combination thereof, implemented for execution at a base station Processing unit for interference control. A processing unit for performing interference control at the terminal may also be implemented in one or more ASICs, DSPs, processors, electronic devices, and the like.
對於軟體實施而言,可使用執行本文所述之功能的模組(例如,程序、函數等)來實施干擾控制技術。可將軟體程式碼儲存於一記憶體單元(例如,圖7之記憶體單元722、772x或772y)中,且由處理器(例如,控制器720、770x或770y)執行。可在處理器內或處理器外部實施記憶體單元。For software implementations, interference control techniques can be implemented using modules (eg, procedures, functions, etc.) that perform the functions described herein. The software code can be stored in a memory unit (e.g., memory unit 722, 772x or 772y of Figure 7) and executed by a processor (e.g., controller 720, 770x or 770y). The memory unit can be implemented within the processor or external to the processor.
提供所揭示之實施例之先前描述以使得熟習此項技術者能夠製造或使用本發明。熟習此項技術者將易見對此等實施例之各種修改,且可在不偏離本發明之精神或範疇的情況下將本文所界定之一般原理應用於其他實施例。因此,不希望本發明被限制於本文所示之實施例中,而希望其符合與本文所揭示之原理及新穎特徵一致的最廣範疇。The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable a person skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to the embodiments are apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein.
100...線通信系統100. . . Line communication system
102...理區域102. . . Area
104a,104b,104c...小區域104a, 104b, 104c. . . Small area
110...地台110. . . Platform
110a...101...扇區110a...101. . . Sector
110x...務基地台/扇區110x. . . Base station/sector
110y...基地台110y. . . Base station
120...終端120. . . terminal
120x...終端120x. . . terminal
130...系統控制器130. . . System controller
610...參考迴路610. . . Reference loop
620...第二迴路620. . . Second loop
640...反向鏈路640. . . Reverse link
642...TPC指令處理器642. . . TPC instruction processor
644...參考功率調整單元644. . . Reference power adjustment unit
652...OSI報告處理器652. . . OSI Report Processor
654...通道估計器654. . . Channel estimator
656...發射功率增量計算單元656. . . Transmit power increment calculation unit
658...發射功率計算單元658. . . Transmit power calculation unit
660...TX資料處理器660. . . TX data processor
670...前向鏈路670. . . Forward link
710...處理器710. . . processor
712...調變器712. . . Modulator
714...接收單元/發射單元714. . . Receiving unit/transmitting unit
716...天線716. . . antenna
720...控制器720. . . Controller
722...記憶體單元722. . . Memory unit
742...解調變器742. . . Demodulation transformer
744...RX資料處理器744. . . RX data processor
752xa......752xt天線752xa.... . . 752xt antenna
754xa......754xt接收單元/發射單元754xa.... . . 754xt receiving unit / transmitting unit
758x...RX空間處理器758x. . . RX space processor
758y...RX空間處理器758y. . . RX space processor
760x...RX資料處理器760x. . . RX data processor
770x...控制器770x. . . Controller
770y...控制器770y. . . Controller
772x...記憶體單元772x. . . Memory unit
772y...記憶體單元772y. . . Memory unit
774x...通信單元774x. . . Communication unit
774y...通信單元774y. . . Communication unit
780x...排程器780x. . . Scheduler
782x...TX資料處理器782x. . . TX data processor
784x...TX空間處理器784x. . . TX space processor
圖1展示一具有基地台及終端之通信系統。Figure 1 shows a communication system with a base station and a terminal.
圖2展示用於干擾控制之由一個扇區執行之處理。Figure 2 shows the processing performed by one sector for interference control.
圖3展示用於干擾控制之由一個終端執行之處理。Figure 3 shows the processing performed by a terminal for interference control.
圖4展示以確定性方式調整發射功率之處理。Figure 4 shows the process of adjusting the transmit power in a deterministic manner.
圖5展示以機率性方式調整發射功率之處理。Figure 5 shows the process of adjusting the transmit power in a probabilistic manner.
圖6展示一適用於干擾控制之功率控制機制。Figure 6 shows a power control mechanism suitable for interference control.
圖7展示一終端及兩個基地台之方塊圖。Figure 7 shows a block diagram of a terminal and two base stations.
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US20010053695A1 (en) * | 1998-03-06 | 2001-12-20 | Bo Stefan Pontus Wallentin | Telecommunications interexchange measurement transfer |
US20020077138A1 (en) * | 1999-03-15 | 2002-06-20 | Gunnar Bark | Adaptive power control in a radio communications systems |
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