TWI395588B - 含有普維酮-碘之眼用組成物 - Google Patents
含有普維酮-碘之眼用組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI395588B TWI395588B TW096108626A TW96108626A TWI395588B TW I395588 B TWI395588 B TW I395588B TW 096108626 A TW096108626 A TW 096108626A TW 96108626 A TW96108626 A TW 96108626A TW I395588 B TWI395588 B TW I395588B
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- ophthalmic composition
- composition
- iodine
- steroid
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Description
本申請案主張於2006年12月7日提交申請之美國申請案11/636,293、於2006年3月14日提交申請之美國臨時申請案序號60/782,629和於2006年9月29日提交申請之美國臨時申請案序號60/848,315之優先權利。於本說明書中任一處引述的所有專利,專利申請案,及參考資料皆以彼等的全文以引用方式納入本文中。
本發明關於一種局部眼用組成物,其包含0.01%至10.0%的普維酮-碘,組合著類固醇或非-類固醇消炎藥物。
傳染性結膜炎(conjunctivitis)係以微生物侵入而繼發之結膜發炎為特徵的眼部病症。能引起人類結膜炎的微生物包括細菌(特別包括分枝桿菌(Mycobacteria sp))、病毒、真菌類、或變形蟲。目前用於細菌性結膜炎的治療包括抗生素滴劑。因為抗生素滴劑對病毒性結膜炎無效,所以此類傳染病的治療僅可緩減徵候。用於真菌和變形蟲性結膜炎的治療包括少數投藥法之選擇,其缺乏抗菌或抗病毒活化性且,此外,其對眼表面係有毒者。
在傳染性結膜炎中,各種肇因劑諸如細菌、病毒、或真菌之診斷都不是經濟可行者,因為精確診斷需要不易併入一般保健作業中之複雜實驗室培養之故。因為精確診斷係不實用者,所以大多數結膜炎係於未經培養之下即假設為細菌性者且以抗生素來治療。因為對病毒或真菌性結膜炎無效之故,抗生素治療係次優者。
類固醇之使用在眼部感染之背景下要謹慎處置。雖然類固醇在急性傳染中可具有減輕發炎嚴重症之效益,不過彼等對增加某些感傳染的易感染性也為已知者。
局部用皮質類固醇(topical corticosteroids)係例行地用於控制眼部發炎。彼等的作用機理牽涉免疫反應的抑制及隨後可能引致高度增生性發炎之組織破壞。皮質類固醇具有限制人體對抗傳染之內在能力的非所欲副作用。事實上,不適當的類固醇使用可使分枝桿菌、病毒、真菌繼發的感染病程惡化。因此,由於此等明顯風險,組合抗微生物類固醇藥療於眼部感染中的使用僅在受過訓練的眼科醫師小心觀察下才建議使用。事實上,最常處方的複方眼用抗微生物類固醇藥,TobradexR
(愛爾康(Alcon)),作為對其使用的絕對禁忌特別列明“角膜和結膜之病毒病、分枝桿菌感染、及真菌感染”。顯然地,此等複方藥係無意用於面對未經證實細菌感染之感染性結膜炎。
總之,目前尚無具有針對結膜炎或角膜炎(keratitis)的所有肇因的廣泛活性之眼用抗微生物藥物,且目前也尚無經核準可安全用於可能潛在地為病毒或真菌來源之感染性結膜炎或角膜炎之抗微生物藥/類固醇、或抗微生物藥/非類固醇消炎藥複方藥。
本發明係一種眼用組成物,其包含0.01%-10%(重量/重量或重量/體積)的普維酮-碘組合著消炎藥物、類固醇、或消炎藥/類固醇兩者之組合。在一較佳具體實例中,普維酮-碘(PVP-I)係介於0.1%與2.5%之間、介於0.5與2%之間、介於0.75與2之間、介於0.8與2%之間、介於0.9與2%之間、介於1與2%之間、及介於1與1.5%之間。在另一具體實例中,PVP-I、消炎藥及類固醇的總重量係介於0.1%與4.5%之間。此溶液係有用於治療結膜和角膜的感染。普維酮-碘之廣效性使此組合物可用於由分枝桿菌、病毒、真菌類和變形蟲所引起的眼結膜或角膜感染之病例;此為有別於現時所用複方抗微生物-類固醇眼用組成物之處,現時用藥對於上述感染中係禁忌者。此外,該溶液可用於從近期眼科手術中恢復之患者的感染預防和發炎控制。現時尚無可用於後-手術期中針對病毒、真菌、分枝桿菌和變形蟲感染之抗微生物藥/消炎藥或抗微生物藥/類固醇複方藥。
本發明一具體實例係有關眼用組成物,其適於對眼之局部投藥,可有效地用於治療及/或預防微生物感染或至少一眼組織之病症。預防可為,例如,手術後感染之預防,出生後新生兒感染之預防,或意外接觸污染物感染之預防。意外觸及污染物之感染可發生於,例如,手術期間或食品加工期間。該組成物包含濃度介於0.01%至10%之間的普維酮-碘,及消炎藥、類固醇、或彼等的組合。
哺乳動物的眼可分成兩個主要節段:眼前節(anterior segments)和眼後節(posterior segments)。眼前節為眼睛正面三分之一,其包括於玻璃體前面的組織:角膜、虹膜、睫狀體、及晶狀體。在眼前節內有兩個充液空間:前房及後房。前房位於角膜之後房表面(即角膜內皮)與虹膜之間。後房位於虹膜與玻璃體的前端面之間。眼後節為眼睛後面三分之二,其包括玻璃體前膜及在其後面的所有組織:玻璃體、視網膜、脈絡膜、及視神經。在某些動物中,視網膜包含反光層(脈絡膜毯),其可增加每一光敏感性細胞感知光的量,使動物在低光條件下看得更好。
令人驚訝地發現普維酮-碘與類固醇組合之調合物,當存在於適當的pH範圍中時,可剔除PVP-I對眼的不良刺激作用。本發明提供即使長期貯存後仍保留pH穩定狀態的水不溶性藥物之pH穩定水懸浮液。
在一較佳具體實例中,該眼用組成物包含濃度介於0.1重量%與2.5重量%之間的普維酮-碘;或更佳者,介於0.5重量%與2重量%之間。在另一較佳具體實例中,該眼用組成物具有的普維酮-碘、消炎藥、類固醇之總重量為介於0.1%至2.5%(重量對體積或體積對重量)之間或介於0.1%至4.5%之間。
該眼用組成物之類固醇之濃度可為介於0.01%與10%之間。在一較佳具體實例中,該類固醇的濃度為介於0.05%與2%之間。
該眼用組成物可進一步包含(1)緩解疼痛的局部麻醉藥;(2)加強普維酮-碘進入眼部組織的滲透作用之穿透增強劑(此可為局部麻醉劑);(3)抗微生物性防腐劑,其濃度可為,例如,約0.001重量%至1.0重量%;(4)共溶劑或非離子表面劑-表面活性劑,其可為,例如,約0.01重量%至2重量%;(5)例如,黏度增加劑,其,可為,例如,約0.01重量%至2重量%;及(6)適當的的眼用媒劑。
該眼用組成物可為溶液、懸浮液、乳劑、軟膏、乳膏、凝膠、或控制釋放性/持續釋放性媒劑等形式。例如,該組成物可為隱形眼鏡溶液、洗眼劑、眼藥水及類似者之形式。
該眼用組成物可用於治療及/或預防微生物感染。微生物可為細菌、病毒、真菌、或變形蟲、寄生體、或彼等的組合。細菌可為分枝桿菌。另外,溶液可用於治療或預防病症諸如結膜炎、角膜擦傷、潰瘍的傳染性角膜炎、上皮角膜炎、基質角膜炎及皰疹病毒相關的角膜炎。
例如,該眼用組成物可包含下列:0.5至2%(重量/重量)之聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮-碘複合物;0.05至2%(重量/重量)之類固醇;0.005至0.02%(重量/重量)之EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸);0.01至0.5%(重量/重量)之氯化鈉;0.02至0.1%(重量/重量)之四丁酚醛(tyloxapol);0.5至2%(重量/重量)之硫酸鈉;及0.1至0.5%(重量/重量)之羥乙基纖維素;pH範圍為從5至7。更特定言之,該眼用組成物可包含下列:1.0%(重量/重量)之聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮-碘複合物;0.1%(重量/重量)之類固醇;0.01%(重量/重量)之EDTA脫水物;0.3%(重量/重量)之氯化鈉鹽;0.05%(重量/重量)之四丁酚醛;1.2%(重量/重量)之硫酸鈉;及0.25%(重量/重量)之羥乙基纖維素;pH範圍為從5.5至6.5。在一具體實例中,該組成物基本上由下列所組成:0.5至2%(重量/重量)之聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮-碘複合物;0.05至2%(重量/重量)之類固醇;0.005至0.02%(重量/重量)之EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸);0.01至0.5%(重量/重量)之氯化鈉;0.02至0.1%(重量/重量)之四丁酚醛;0.5至2%(重量/重量)之硫酸鈉;及0.1至0.5%(重量/重量)之羥乙基纖維素;pH範圍為從5至7。在另一具體實例中,該組成物基本上由下列所組成:1.0%(重量/重量)之聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮-碘複合物;0.1%(重量/重量)之類固醇;0.01%(重量/重量)之EDTA二鈉鹽;0.3%(重量/重量)之氯化鈉鹽;0.05%(重量/重量)之四丁酚醛;1.2%(重量/重量)之硫酸鈉;及0.25%(重量/重量)之羥乙基纖維素;pH範圍為從5.5至6.5。
當然,已知者,EDTA可為多種形式諸如游離酸、二鈉鹽、或四鈉鹽。該類固醇可為地塞米松(dexamethasome)、氫化潑尼松(prednisolone)或強的松(prednisone)。此等類固醇可為彼等的磷酸鈉形式(例如地塞米松磷酸鈉、氫化潑尼松磷酸鈉、或強的松磷酸鈉)或乙酸鹽形式(如地塞米松乙酸鹽、氫化潑尼松乙酸鹽、或強的松乙酸鹽)。氫化潑尼松係強的松之活性代謝物且要瞭解的是可使用強的松來取代氫化潑尼松。
在一較佳具體實例中,該眼用組成物在製成1個月、2個月、3個月、6個月或1年之後仍保留至少90%其PVP-I且保留90%其類固醇。此可經由,至少,根據上述(例如前述2段)所列配方製造眼用組成物而完成。此穩定性即使在將該組成物儲存於100勒克司(lux)至1000勒克司(lux)的室溫光照室內環境下也可保持住。在一種較佳具體實例中,該組成物為水溶液。
在另一較佳具體實例中,本發明係關於一種用於治療及/或預防眼部病症或至少一種眼部組織的微生物感染之方法,其包括對眼部投予一或更多劑量的上面所討論的眼用組成物之步驟。該眼部病症可為,例如,至少一眼部組織的微生物感染、結膜炎、角膜擦傷、潰瘍性傳染角膜炎、上皮角膜炎、基質角膜炎及皰疹病毒相關的角膜炎。該微生物可為細菌(例如分枝桿菌)、病毒、真菌、或變形蟲。
在此方法中,該治療可包括投予本發明溶液,其中普維酮-碘、消炎藥、及類固醇之總量係介於每劑0.001毫克至5毫克之間。更進一步言之,該劑量體積可為介於10微升至200微升之間或介於50微升至80微升之間;約一滴每眼。投藥可為每日介於1至24次之間、每日介於2至4次之間或每日介於2至24次之間。
在一具體實例中,該方法進一步包含投藥之前將該溶液貯存至少1個月、至少2個月、至少3個月、至少6個月、或至少1年之步驟。該貯存可在透明瓶(實質上不遮光之容器)內於光照環境中。光照環境可為例如具有約100勒克司至1000勒克司光之室內光照環境。
在一較佳具體實例中,本發明組成物係局部投予。劑量範圍為0.001至5.0毫克/每眼;其中所述質量數值表該三種組份的總和:消炎藥、普維酮-碘及局部麻醉藥。用於一眼之劑量據了解為約一滴溶液。一滴溶液可為介於10微升至200微升之間,介於20微升至120微升之間,或介於約50微升至約80微升之間的溶液或在之間的任何數值。例如,分配器諸如移液器(pipettor)可分配從至少1微升至300微升及於其間之任何數值的液滴。
在一較佳具體實例中,此溶液可用眼滴劑形式使用市面上的許多類型眼滴劑分配器之任何者來投予。雖然沒有要求,不過本發明組成物所用容器可為透明、半透明、及不透明者且可包含其他性質或性質組合諸如為搪玻璃、防干擾、以單劑或數劑的分量包封,及彼等的組合。
普維酮-碘具有下式化學結構:
供本發明組成物和方法用之適當消炎藥包括,至少,下列者:富馬酸酮替芬(ketotifen fumarate)、雙氯芬酸鈉(diclofenac sodium)、氟比洛芬鈉(flurbiprofen sodium)、酮咯酸胺基丁三醇(ketorlac tromethamine)、舒洛芬(suprofen)、塞來考昔(celecoxib)、萘普生(naproxen)、羅非考昔(rofecoxib)、或彼等的衍生物或彼等的組合。酮咯酸胺基丁三醇(也稱為ketorlac、或ketorolac tromethamine)係丙酸族中的非類固醇消炎藥(NSAID)。
供本發明組成物和方法用之適當類固醇包括,至少:地塞米松、地塞米松醇、地塞米松磷酸鈉、醋酸氟米龍(fluromethalone acetate)、氟米龍醇、依碳酸氯替潑諾(lotoprendol etabonate)、甲羥松(medrysone)、氫化潑尼松(prednisolone)、強的松、醋酸氫化潑尼松、氫化潑尼松磷酸鈉、利美索龍(rimexolone)、氫皮質酮(hydrocortisone)、醋酸氫皮質酮、洛草氨酸(lodoxamide)胺基丁三醇、或彼等的衍生物或彼等的組合。要了解的是,對於此揭示之任何化學品,該等化學品可為各種改質形式諸如醋酸鹽形式、和磷酸鈉形式、鈉鹽、及類似者。
地塞米松具有下面的化學結構:
已知者,於此揭示任一處所提及的試劑均可為基底化學品的化學上同等形式諸如鹽、氫化物、酯類、和其他改質體。例如,於本發明任何組成物和方法中之地塞米松可用其任何衍生物取代,包括其酯類和鹽類。此類衍生物的例子包括,至少,地塞米松-17-醋酸酯(CAS RN:1177-87-3)、地塞米松磷酸二鈉(CAS RN:2392-39-4)、戊酸地塞米松(CAS RN:14899-36-6)、地塞米松-21-異菸鹼酸酯(CAS RN:2265-64-7)、棕櫚酸地塞米松(CAS RN:33755-46-3)、丙酸地塞米松(CAS RN:55541-30-5)乙呋地塞米松(CAS RN:83880-70-0)、地塞米松-21-半乳糖苷(CAS RN:92901-23-0)、地塞米松-21-硫代三甲基乙酸酯、地塞米松-21-硫代戊酸酯、地塞米松21-硫醇-2-甲基-丁酸酯、地塞米松21-硫醇-3-甲基-丁酸酯、地塞米松21-硫代已酸酯、地塞米松21-硫醇-4-甲基-戊酸酯、地塞米松21-硫醇-3,3-二甲基-丁酸酯、地塞米松21-硫醇-2-乙基-丁酸酯、地塞米松21-硫代辛酸酯、地塞米松21-硫醇-2-乙基-己酸酯、地塞米松21-硫代壬酸酯、地塞米松21-硫代癸酸酯、地塞米松21-對-氟硫代苯甲酸酯或彼等的組合。地塞米松衍生物也載於美國專利第4,177,268號中。
供本發明組成物和方法用之適當局部麻醉藥包括,至少,丙美卡因(proparacaine)、利多卡因(lidocaine)、丁卡因(tetracaine)或彼等的組合。
本發明組成物可用在適當眼用媒劑中之溶液、懸浮液、乳劑(分散液)、凝膠、乳膏、或軟膏劑之形式投予。
於此揭示用於局部投予,諸如對眼之局部投予,的任何組成物中,該混合物較佳地係經調配成為在水中0.01至2.0重量%之溶液,pH為5.0至8.0(數值係相關於普維酮-碘與地塞米松之組合含量)。此pH範圍可經由添加緩衝劑到溶液中來達成。吾等已訝異地發現,本發明調合物於緩衝溶液中具有穩定性。亦即,在緩衝劑與碘或其他組份之間沒有會引致組成物不穩定之不良相互作用。雖然正確的服藥法係留待臨床醫師之決定,不過仍要建議所得溶液係經由每日每眼放置一滴1至24次來局部施用。例如,每日可施用該溶液1、2、4、6、8、12、18或24次。
抗微生物防腐劑:作為隨意成份者,可添加適當的抗微生物防腐劑以防止多劑量包裝受污染。此類藥劑可包括氯化苄烷銨(benzalkonium chloride)、硫柳汞(thimerosal)、氯丁醇、對羥基苯甲酸甲酯、對羥基苯甲酸丙酯、苯乙醇、EDTA、山梨酸、Onamer M、熟諳此技藝者所知的其他藥劑、或彼等的組合。典型地,此類防腐劑係以0.001重量%至1.0重量%的含量來使用。
共溶劑/表面活性劑:本發明組成物可包含隨意的共溶劑。本發明組成物組份的溶解度可經由於組成物中添加表面活性劑或其他合適共溶劑來提高。此類共溶劑/表面活性劑包括聚山梨酸酯(polysorbate)20、60、及80,聚氧化乙烯/聚氧化丙烯表面活性劑(例如Pluronic F-68、F-84及P-103),環糊精、四丁酚醛(tyloxapol)、熟諳此技藝者所知的其他藥劑、或彼等的組合。典型地,此類共溶劑係以0.01重量%至2重量%的含量來使用。
黏度劑:本發明組成物可包含隨意的黏度劑-即,可增加黏度之藥劑。經增加到高於單純水溶液所具者之黏度可令人滿意地增加眼對活性化合物的吸收,減少分配調合物中的變異性,減少調合物懸浮液或乳劑所含組份的物理分離及/或以其他方式改進眼用調合物者。此類黏度增加劑包括例如,聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、甲基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素、羥乙基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素、羥丙基纖維素、熟諳此技藝者所知的其他藥劑、或彼等的組合。此類藥劑典型地係以0.01重量%至2重量%的含量來使用。
調合物:下述兩種反應係對PVP-I在水溶液中之化學須考慮者:
游離碘(I2
)對於與-OH、-SH及-NH官能基的反應之親合性係於文獻中充分地說明過且形成含碘溶液之抗微生物活性的基礎(Rackur H.J.Hosp.Infect.,1985;6:13-23,及其中的參考資料)。地塞米松(9-氟-11β,17,21-三羥基-16α-甲基孕甾-1,4-二烯-3、20-二酮)於11、17及21位置含有三個此類基團(-OH)。在此領域中的人士應可判斷此等羥基經由上面對PVP-I2
所述之溶液平衡反應中所產生的游離碘易於發生共價取代反應。
在導出本發明調合物中,實施各種消炎藥與PVP-I,或類固醇與PVP-I的組合之實驗。經觀察到,大部分調合物都因為在PVP-I與添加的藥劑(消炎藥或類固醇)之間的快速反應而不成功。若干此等不成功的調合物也於本揭示中的他處予以述及。特別者,較低PVP-I溶液濃度的限制因素為作為殺微生物劑的穩定性與效力。
因此本發明之目的為PVP-I和消炎藥的新穎調合物以解決穩定性、效力與對眼的刺激性等三項問題。吾人意外地發現,1% PVP-I溶液在與地塞米松相組合時可以有效地用於感染的治療或感染的預防。文獻於先前指出雖然1% PVP-I係合宜者,不過眼部投藥之副作用卻排除其用途。其不良副作用包括疼痛和刺激。
令人驚訝地發現PVP-I與地塞米松的溶液可保持穩定達許多個月之久。基於所揭示的穩定性數據,吾人推測本發明組成物可穩定達數年-儘管在這點上的實驗仍在進行。進一步意外的結果為PVP-I與地塞米松於室溫下,在光或黑暗中,隨著時間的反應不會進行到任何可察覺的程度。意外地,於吾人的調合物中所調配的溶液中的游離碘與地塞米松分子上所含的羥基之間的反應不會進行。
由於PVP-I的高氧化潛勢傾向,所得的PVP-I與地塞米松之穩定組合物對於此領域中的一般工作者/科學家/醫師係意想不到的。據觀察,當PVP-I濃度係大於0.5%時,可達成穩定組合的調合物。令人訝異者,據發現,具有0.3% PVP-I與地塞米松的組合物遠較為不穩定。此再次為意外者,因為較低濃度的碘係預期為較低反應性且因此,對任一部份都較不具破壞性。8周後,於組合物中可用的碘(初始為0.3%PVP-I)減少20%。雖然0.1%稀PVP-I具有最強的抗微生物活性(Gottardi W.J.Hosp.Infect.,1985;6(Suppl):1-11),不過,吾等的數據顯示吾等需要至少0.5%PVP-I來與地塞米松組合以顯出最好的抗微生物活性。吾等已觀察到PVP-I會與酮咯酸胺基丁三醇(ketorlac tromethamine)(一種非類固醇消炎藥)快速反應且該酮咯酸會完全消耗且於PVP-I複合物中可用的碘會依照酮咯酸與PVP-I之間的比例而明顯地減少。PVP-I與地塞米松磷酸鈉之組合物也被證實為較不成功但仍為有用者。吾等觀察到在12周後,PVP-I複合物離解成在紫外光譜中未知的聚合體複合物且碘之減少為5%左右。進一步觀察到,PVP-I會與丙美卡因(proparacaine)立刻反應且快速釋出游離碘。
令人驚訝地,組合調合物有助於稀PVP-I溶液的穩定。0.625%普維酮-碘溶液之可用碘在25℃儲存5周後為91%而在4℃儲存5週後為98%(Iryo Yakugaku 2003,29(I),62-65)。吾等的數據顯示吾等的調合物可穩定稀釋的PVP-I溶液。在室溫下8週之後,在含有0.5%與1% PVP-I的溶液中可用碘都超過99%。
局部類固醇之單獨使用於人類眼部疑似病毒與真菌感染中係禁忌者。此外,組合抗菌劑/類固醇溶液之使用於疑似病毒感染的背景中係禁忌者。經述及的含類固醇溶液沒有一者可安全地用於人類眼部經推測為病毒或真菌感染設定中。所以,對此領域中的作者和其他人士意想不到的是含類固醇之溶液竟可用於急性病毒或真菌性眼部感染的治療中。
強效消炎性類固醇可促成在主動感染背景中潛在破壞性眼免疫反應的節制。然而,由於PVP-I的消毒(抗菌、抗病毒、及抗真菌、抗原生動物)力,該化合物可用於主動感染背景中而沒有使感染惡化的風險。此獨特性質(多-抗殺微生物性及強效消炎性)為較所有其他眼用抗生素和消炎藥之明顯改進。
雖然局部用類固醇在眼發炎的治療中效用超卓,但其用途卻伴有風險。施用於眼的局部用類固醇會經由多種詳述過的基因組和非基因組機制來降低發炎級聯的組分蛋白之製造,減低血管滲透性、減少前炎性細胞活素(cytokines)的產生、減少可溶性炎性因子之效力、抑制急性期蛋白質的產生、減少白細胞游出且增加細胞膜的穩定性。透過所有此等機制,局部施用的類固醇可降低對眼睛具毒性的活化產物包括明膠酶、膠元蛋白酶和基質金屬蛋白酶等蛋白質族之局部濃度。於此潛在毒性物質的減低,伴隨者為增加的延續性感染和潛在性感染之風險。若局部用類固醇係以與適當的抗微生物劑(例如,對細菌感染用之抗菌劑、對病毒感染用之抗病毒劑、對真菌感染用之抗真菌劑)組合之形式給出,其風險可減低及/或消除。一般開業眼科醫師在相關的治療處方時框內對大多數急性外部眼睛感染案例中都不能可靠地辨別肇因劑。因此,從局部類固醇的及時使用可獲得之益效會因為臨床醫師等待培養結果而被遲延或徹底消除或更可能無限地延遲治療。多殺微生物劑之新穎組合可有效地對抗細菌、病毒和真菌且局部類固醇可排除此風險及促成發炎的立即控制與病原體的根除。於吾等的見解中,此為本發明的最佳具體實例。
吾等也注意到,於吾等的較佳組成物中之其他組份顯然可進一步穩定化該調合物。即,EDTA、氯化鈉、四丁酚醛、硫酸鈉及羥乙基纖維素都顯得具有進一步穩定化組成物之附加有益效應。
本發明於此業經參照某些較佳具體實予以說明過。然而,如熟諳此技藝者對其顯而知悉的明顯變異者,本發明不可視為受其所限制。於任一處引述的所有專利、專利申請案、及參考資料都以其全文以引用方式納入本文中。
於此部分從頭到尾,樣品名稱中的字母“A”係指稱普維酮-碘複合物(“PVP-I”),A00係指0.0%之PVP-I、A03係指0.3%之PVP-I、A05係指0.5%之PVP-I、A10係指1.0%之PVP-I、A15係指1.5%之PVP-I、A20係指2.0%之PVP-I、A40係指4.0%之PVP-I、等。
類似者,樣品名稱中的字母“B、C、D、K、P”係分別指稱地塞米松、地塞米松磷酸鈉、氫化潑尼松磷酸鈉、酮咯酸(ketorolac)(也稱為Ketorlac)及丙美卡因。B00係指0.0%之地塞米松、B01係指0.1%之地塞米松、C01係指0.1%之地塞米松磷酸鈉、D01係指0.1%之氫化潑尼松磷酸鈉、K01係指0.1%之酮咯酸、且P008係指0.08%之丙美卡因、等。
於1000毫升燒杯中,添加400克無菌水、用頂置式攪拌器在強烈攪拌下添加羥乙基纖維素(2.25克、0.25%重量/重量)。慢慢添加氯化鈉(2.70克、0.3%重量/重量)同時溶解,接著添加EDTA(0.09克、0.01%重量/重量)與硫酸鈉(10.8克、1.2%重量/重量)。攪拌10分鐘之後,將溶解於水中之四丁酚醛(0.45克、0.05%重量/重量)轉移入上述溶液。攪拌反應混合物1小時且用無菌水適量加至540克且再攪拌10分鐘而給出“本體溶液1”。
將各60克的本體溶液1轉移入兩個125-毫升燒杯中,且將普維酮-碘複合物(0.5克、1.5克)分別於攪拌下加到各溶液中。經由添加氫氧化鈉或硫酸將pH值調整到5.7至6.0範圍內且用適量無菌水將懸浮液調到100克而分別得到對照樣品A05B00與A15B00。
於剩餘的417克本體溶液1中添加地塞米松(0.7克、0.1%重量/重量)且勻化5分鐘,然後適量調至420克而給出本體溶液2。
將各60克的本體溶液2分別轉移到七個125-毫升燒杯中,且於各溶液中攪拌加入普維酮-碘複合物(0.0克、0.3克、0.5克、1.0克、1.5克、2.0克、及4.0克)。經由添加氫氧化鈉或硫酸將pH值調整到5.7至6.0範圍內且用適量無菌水將懸浮液調到100克而分別地給出樣品A00B01、A03B01、A05B01、A10B01、A15B01、A20B01及A40B01。所有樣品之LC-MS光譜都證實介於PVP-I與所有地塞米松之間根本沒有反應之發現。地塞米松(MH+
=392.9)峰值沒有變更到其他質量峰。
以相似的方式,製造A00C01、A03C01、A05C01、A10C01、A15C01、A00D01、A03D01、A05D01、A10D01、A15D01、A00K01、A05K01、A10K01、及A15K01等溶液。
A05C01、A10C01、及A15C01之LC-MS光譜確定地塞米松磷酸(MH+
=472.9)峰值。A05D01、A10D01、及A15D01之LC-MS光譜確定氫化潑尼松磷酸(MH+
=440.9)峰值。
不過,A05K01及A10K01之LC-MS實驗證實介於PVP-I與酮咯酸胺基丁三醇之間的反應之發現。至於A05K01,於樣品中留下少量的酮咯酸(MH+
=256.1),主峰值為:MH+
=381.9。對於A10K01及A15K01,沒有酮咯酸留下且已完全轉化為新化合物(MH+
=381.9)。
A00B01P008(對照樣)、A05B01P008與A10B01P008之LC-MS實驗證實介於PVP-I與丙美卡因之間的反應之發現。對於對照樣,於LC-MS光譜中觀察到兩峰值:MH+
=295.1(丙美卡因)及MH+
=392.9(地塞米松)。比較A05B01P008與A10B01P008,相對於地塞米松峰值(MH+
=392.9)的丙美卡因峰值(MH+
=295.1)變得遠較為小,此可推測普維酮碘與丙美卡因反應。
於400-毫升燒杯中添加100克無菌水,用ARROW頂置式攪拌器在強烈攪拌下添加羥乙基纖維素(0.75克、0.25%重量/重量)。慢慢增加氯化鈉(0.9克、0.3%重量/重量)同時溶解,接著依序添加EDTA(0.03克、0.01%重量/重量)、硫酸鈉(3.6克、1.2%重量/重量)及丙美卡因鹽酸鹽(0.24克、0.08%重量/重量)。攪拌10分鐘之後,將溶解於水中之四丁酚醛(0.15克、0.05%重量/重量)轉移到上述溶液中。攪拌反應混合物1小時及加入地塞米松(0.3克、0.1%重量/重量)並勻化10分鐘,然後用適量無菌水調到180克而給出本體溶液5。將各60克的本體溶液5分別轉移到四個125-毫升燒杯中,且於各溶液中分別攪拌加入普維酮-碘複合物(0.0克、0.5克、1.0克)。經由添加氫氧化鈉或硫酸該pH值調到5.8左右且用適量無菌水將溶液調到100克而提供樣品A00B01P008、A05B01P008、及A10B01P008。
於此等樣品的製造期間,可觀察強烈之碘氣味。據推測PVP-I與丙美卡因非常迅速地反應。該推測係經由LC-MS光譜證實。在與PVP-I的組合樣品中,地塞米松與丙美卡因峰值都變得非常小或甚至消失。
溶液的穩定性在溶液中可滴定的碘之量係經由在室溫下數週的樣品儲存後以滴定法測定。
滴定法:將5毫升的各樣品以吸量管轉移到一125-毫升燒杯中,且加入1毫升之1%(w/v)澱粉指示劑溶液。用0.0025N硫代硫酸鈉溶液滴定該溶液直到藍色完全消失為止。測定所使用的硫代硫酸鈉溶液之體積。
滴定的碘(毫克)=V(毫升、用於滴定的體積)* 12.69(毫克/毫升)/2
計算出的可滴定的碘(毫克)係列於表1中。
於室溫下,於黑暗或光中,儲存數週後之PVP-碘濃度數據推測與地塞米松、或地塞米松磷酸鈉或氫化潑尼松磷酸鈉之普維酮-碘組合業經達成穩定組合調合物。0.3%(wt%)PVP-I與地塞米松的組合物比上述0.5%PVP-I與地塞米松的組合物較不穩定,其在8週後之可用碘濃度具有少於5%之變更。
數據也推測PVP-I與酮咯酸胺基丁三醇有反應。五週後對樣品中有0.5% PVP-I者,沒有留下可滴定碘。在樣品中有1.5%與1.5%的PVP-I者,可滴定碘明顯分別耗乏掉58.8%與36.3%。
使用HPLC測定樣品中之地塞米松的穩定性USP法係較佳者。地塞米松濃度數據係以圖表形式表列於下面表2中:
HPLC光譜顯示與標準對照樣相比之下,沒有出現新的峰。該光譜推測在PVP-碘與地塞米松之間根本沒有反應。
使用HPLC測定樣品中地塞米松磷酸鈉的穩定性USP法係較佳者。地塞米松磷酸鈉濃度數據係以圖表形式表列在下面表3中。在40℃烘箱中,A05C01(1天)、A10C01、A15C01(3天)。
HPLC光譜顯出,與標準對照樣和A05C01相比之下,於A10C01及A15C01之樣品中有新的譜峰出現。於A10C01及A15C01之樣品中,地塞米松磷酸鈉濃度變更超過10%。
在另一實驗中,吾等驚訝地發現,具有下面配方的眼滴劑:0.5至2%(重量/重量)聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮碘複合物;0.05至0.2%(重量/重量)類固醇;0.005%至0.02%(重量/重量)EDTA;0.01至0.5%(重量/重量)氯化鈉;0.02至0.1%(重量/重量)四丁酚醛;0.5%至2%(重量/重量)硫酸鈉;及0.1至0.5%(重量/重量)羥乙基纖維素;其中該類固醇為地塞米松、氫化潑尼松、強的松、或其醋酸鹽形式、或其磷酸鈉形式,在1個月、3個月且多至6個月都仍穩定。基於目前所收集的數據,此溶液顯出由製造日期起至少能夠儲存多達一年。穩定性係經定義為在一段時間內主要組份(PVP-I與類固醇)濃度偏差少於10%者。因此,當溶液儲存1個月、3個月、和6個月之期間,PVP-I都沒有減少到少於90%且基於吾等的6個月數據,其顯出該溶液應可穩定至少一年。儲存條件係在室溫下、於透明瓶中、於100至1000勒克斯(lux)的白熾光及/或螢光照明之室內照明下。穩定性可歸因於PVP-I與地塞米松、氫化潑尼松、強的松(包括此等類固醇的醋酸鹽形式與磷酸鈉鹽形式)之獨特組合。吾等另外發現,於含有其他藥劑(EDTA、氯化鈉、四丁酚醛、硫酸鈉、及羥乙基纖維素)時,可進一步促成穩定性。
在開發中比較各種調合物之時,吾等發現,PVP-I於調合物中帶來許多的優點。簡單地說,PVP-I調合物相比於碘溶液具有下列改進性質:(1)對皮膚與眼較少刺激、(2)可洗、(3)增加穩定性、(4)增加光線下穩定性、(5)系統毒性低、(6)較少副作用。此外,基於當前所知,PVP-I對疤痕組織形成係中性者。
對PVP-碘與抗炎性類固醇組合物溶液檢驗針對常見病原性細菌、酵母菌、真菌及病毒之抗微生物活性。使用抗微生物檢定(USP)的液體培養基接種法對純眼部分離物進行不同濃度的PVP-碘組合物溶液的治療之效力檢驗。據發現從0.03%的PVP-碘濃度可用劑量依賴方式對微生物生長產生抑制作用。抗微生物作用可經由用0.03%溶液溫置處理,於72小時內完全消除所有試驗物種而受到進一步支持。抗微生物作用的最佳效力可於0.5%以上的濃度達成。高於該等濃度時,該溶液可有效地殺死且消除所有試驗物種,甚至在直接接觸而無溫置情況下即可。例如,1%PVP-碘與0.1%地塞米松(重量%)的溶液經發現可在接觸時就殺死綠膿桿菌(Pseudomonas aeuroginosa)、奇異變形菌(Proteus mirabilis)、沙雷氏菌屬(Serratia maracescens)、金黃色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcous aureus)、表皮葡萄球菌(Staphylococcous epidermidis)、肺炎鏈球菌(Streptococcus pneumoniae)、抗甲氧西林(Methicilin Resistant)金黃色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷柏氏菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae),、近平滑假絲酵母(Candida parapsilosis)、白假絲酵母(Candida albicans)及黑麯黴(Apergillus niger)。該結果明確地證實該溶液在消除微生物成長上的效力。
對PVP-碘與地塞米松的組合物溶液檢驗針對人類腺病毒的抗病毒活性。將0.5毫升液份的每一檢驗及對照物件與0.5毫升的病毒儲液在無菌試管中混合。然後將該試管在37℃下溫浸30分鐘。使用A00B01用作陽性對照樣。使用Hank's平衡鹽液(HBSS)作為陰性對照樣。緊接在溫浸之後,滴定檢驗物件及對照物件以測量HAdV-4感染。
於檢驗物件與病毒30分鐘溫浸之後,A00B01對病毒傳染性沒有影響,但化合物A10B01、A15B01及A20B01導致病毒完全失活。
所有志願者於測試前都經檢查且發現眼部健康無病徵。製成單獨的1.0%PVP-碘溶液且於15位健康志願者身上試用。立即報告處理的副作用。所發現的副作用包括輕微疼痛、不適、流淚、和紅眼。此為一致者,因為文獻中先前已表明1.0% PVP-碘因為不能為患者接受的刺激作用而不適於使用(例如,美國專利第5,126,127號)。由所報告的副作用,清楚得知對志願者多重施用的作法係不能耐受者。
A10B01溶液,含1%PVP-碘及0.1%地塞米松,係由7位健康志願者測試。以眼滴劑投藥。令人驚訝地發現,該溶液係眼部可忍受者(不灼傷)且於一pH範圍內係舒適者。特定言之,pH 5.9之調合物在滴入眼內之際係舒適者。以眼滴劑形式使用該溶液一日4次共3日期間的一個人沒有不良副作用。其他pH值,諸如pH 6至8,可經由使用適當的化學品諸如硫酸或氫氧化鈉、或經由添加適當緩衝劑,單獨調整pH而獲得。
所有志願者都於測試期後立即由主治醫師檢查且於一段期間後進一步追蹤檢查。進一步者,志願者於測試後的1個月、2個月及3個月與主治醫師接觸且任何志願者都沒有報告出有不良作用。
Claims (37)
- 一種適用於眼之局部投藥且有效於治療及/或預防微生物感染症或至少一種眼組織的病症之眼用組成物,其包含:a)濃度介於0.01重量%與10重量%之間的普維酮-碘,及b)一種類固醇,其中該類固醇為地塞米松(dexamethasone),且其中在混合該普維酮-碘與該類固醇以製成該眼用組成物之1個月後,該類固醇之濃度為起始類固醇濃度之至少90%。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之眼用組成物,其中該普維酮-碘係介於0.1重量%與2.5重量%之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之眼用組成物,其中該普維酮-碘係介於0.5重量%與2重量%之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之眼用組成物,其中在該溶液中該普維酮-碘及該類固醇之總重量係介於0.1%與4.5%之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之眼用組成物,其中該類固醇的濃度係介0.01與10%之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之眼用組成物,其中該類固醇的濃度係介0.05與2%之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之眼用組成物,其中該組成物進一步包含一種可緩解疼痛之局部麻醉藥。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之眼用組成物,其中該局部麻醉藥係選自丙美卡因(proparacaine)、利多卡因(lidocaine)、丁卡因(tetracaine)及彼等的組合所組成之群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之眼用組成物,其中該組成物進一步 包含一種穿透增強劑,其可增強普維酮-碘進入眼組織之滲透性。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項之眼用組成物,其中該穿透增強劑係一種局部麻醉藥。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之眼用組成物,其中該組成物進一步包含一種抗微生物性防腐劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項之眼用組成物,其中該抗微生物性防腐劑係選自氯化苄烷銨(benzalkonium chloride)、硫柳汞(thimerosal)、氯丁醇、對羥基苯甲酸甲酯、對羥基苯甲酸丙酯、苯乙醇、EDTA、山梨酸、Onamer M及彼等的組合所組成之群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項之眼用組成物,其中該抗微生物性防腐劑在該溶液中之濃度為約0.001重量%至1.0重量%。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之眼用組成物,其中該組成物進一步包含一種共溶劑/表面活性劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第14項之眼用組成物,其中該共溶劑/表面活性劑係選自聚山梨酸酯20(polysorbate 20)、聚山梨酸酯60、聚山梨酸酯80、Pluronic F-68、Pluronic F-84、Pluronic P-103、環糊精、四丁酚醛(tyloxapol)及彼等的組合所組成之群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第14項之眼用組成物,其中該共溶劑/表面活性劑在該組成物中之濃度為約0.01重量%至2重量%。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之眼用組成物,其中該組成物進一步包含黏度增加劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第17項之眼用組成物,其中該黏度增加劑係選自聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、甲基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素、羥乙基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素、羥丙基纖維素、及彼等的組合所組成之群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第17項之眼用組成物,其中該黏度增加劑在該溶液中之濃度為約0.01重量%至2重量%。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之眼用組成物,其中該組成物係呈溶液、懸浮液、乳液、軟膏、乳膏、凝膠、或控制釋放性/持續釋放性媒劑之形式。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之眼用組成物,其中該微生物係選自細菌、病毒、真菌類、及變形蟲所組成之群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第21項之眼用組成物,其中該細菌為分枝桿菌屬(mycobacteria)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之眼用組成物,其中該眼部病症係選自至少一種眼組織之微生物感染、結膜炎、角膜擦傷、潰瘍性傳染性角膜炎、上皮角膜炎、基質角膜炎與皰疹病毒相關的角膜炎所組成之群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之眼用組成物,其中該預防係角膜擦傷或眼部手術之後的感染之預防。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之眼用組成物,其包括:0.5至2%(重量/重量)之聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮-碘複合物;0.05至2%(重量/重量)之類固醇;0.005至0.02%(重量/重量)之EDTA;0.01至0.5%(重量/重量)之氯化鈉;0.02至0.1%(重量/重量)之四丁酚醛;0.5%至2%(重量/重量)之硫酸鈉;及0.1%至0.5%(重量/重量)之羥乙基纖維素;其中該類固醇係選自地塞米松、氫化潑尼松、強的松、彼等的醋酸鹽形式、及彼等的磷酸鈉形式所組成之群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之眼用組成物,其包括:1.0%(重量/重量)之聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮-碘複合物;0.1%(重量/重量)之類固醇;0.01%(重量/重量)之EDTA;0.3%(重量/重量)之氯化鈉;0.05%(重量/重量)之四丁酚醛;0.2%(重量/重量)之硫酸鈉;及0.25%(重量/重量)之羥乙基纖維素;其中該類固醇係選自地塞米松、氫化潑尼松、強的松、彼等的醋酸鹽形式、及彼等的磷酸鈉形式所組成之群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之眼用組成物,其中該組成物在光照環境中3個月期後保留90%的其聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮-碘及90%的其類固醇。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之眼用組成物,其中該組成物在光照環境中1年期後保留90%的其聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮-碘及90%的其類固醇。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之眼用組成物,其中該組成物係一種水溶液。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之眼用組成物,其可每次對眼部投予一或更多劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第30項之眼用組成物,其中該普維酮-碘、該消炎藥、及該類固醇之總和為介於每劑0.001毫克至5毫克之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第30項之眼用組成物,其中每劑為介於10微升至200微升之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第30項之眼用組成物,其中每劑為介於50 微升至80微升之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第30項之眼用組成物,其可被投予至眼每日1至4次。
- 如申請專利範圍第30項之眼用組成物,其可被投予至眼每日1至24次。
- 如申請專利範圍第30項之眼用組成物,其在被投予眼之前可貯存至少1個月、至少3個月、至少6個月、或至少1年。
- 如申請專利範圍第36項之眼用組成物,其可儲存於光照環境中。
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US11/636,293 US7767217B2 (en) | 2006-03-14 | 2006-12-07 | Ophthalmic compositions comprising povidone-iodine |
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TW102106041A TWI499422B (zh) | 2006-03-14 | 2007-03-13 | 含有普維酮-碘之眼用組成物 |
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KR (7) | KR20140130246A (zh) |
CN (2) | CN101400355B (zh) |
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