CN101400355B - 包含聚维酮碘的眼用组合物 - Google Patents
包含聚维酮碘的眼用组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101400355B CN101400355B CN200780008873.5A CN200780008873A CN101400355B CN 101400355 B CN101400355 B CN 101400355B CN 200780008873 A CN200780008873 A CN 200780008873A CN 101400355 B CN101400355 B CN 101400355B
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Abstract
一种局部眼用组合物包含同类固醇或非甾体抗炎药相组合的0.01%至10.0%聚维酮碘。该溶液用于治疗由细菌、分枝杆菌、病毒、真菌或阿米巴引起的至少一个眼组织(例如,结膜和角膜)的活动性感染,以及用于在适当的临床环境下的治疗以预防上述感染(例如,角膜擦伤,手术后预防,LASIK/LASEK术后预防)。此外,该溶液在预防术后眼科病人的感染和炎症方面有效。
Description
相关申请
本申请要求于2006年12月7日递交的美国申请11/636,293、2006年3月14日递交的美国临时申请系列60/782,629号和2006年9月29日递交的美国临时申请系列60/848,315号的优选权益。在本说明书任何一处引用的所有的专利、专利申请和参考文献全部在此被引入作为参考。
发明背景
传染性结膜炎是一种以继发于微生物侵入的结膜炎症为特征的眼科病症。在人体内能够引起结膜炎的微生物包括细菌(包括分枝杆菌属)、病毒、真菌、或阿米巴。当前对细菌性结膜炎的治疗包括抗菌素滴剂。由于抗菌素滴剂对抑制病毒性结膜炎无效,则该感染的治疗仅能缓解症状。对真菌和阿米巴性结膜炎的治疗包括少数可选择的药物疗法,该方法缺少抗细菌或抗病毒效能,此外它对眼表面有毒性。
在感染性结膜炎中的不同病原体例如细菌、病毒、或真菌的诊断在经济上并不可行,因为准确的诊断需要复杂的实验室培养而不易纳入平时的医疗保健实践中。由于准确的诊断方法不实用,大部分结膜炎未经细菌培养就被推定为细菌性的并且用抗生素进行治疗。抗生素治疗并不是最佳的方法,因为它对病毒性或真菌性结膜炎是无效的。
在眼部感染中的类固醇使用正被谨慎地探索着。虽然类固醇在急性感染中有缓解炎症严重程度的优点,但众所周知的是它们也可以增加一些感染的易感性。
局部用皮质类固醇经常用于控制眼科炎症。它们的作用机制包括抑制过度炎症可能引起的免疫应答和并发性组织破坏。皮质类固醇具有限制人体内在的抵抗感染的能力的不良副作用。实际上,不适当的类固醇使用可以加重继发于分枝杆菌、病毒、或真菌的感染病程。由于这些明显的风险,所以仅推荐在受过训练的眼科医生的小心观察下将抗菌药-类固醇组合药物疗法用于眼部感染中。实际上,最常用的复方眼用抗菌药-类固醇药物点必舒R(Alcon)明确地将“角膜和结膜的病毒病、分枝杆菌感染、和真菌感染”列为它使用的绝对禁忌症。明显地,人们并不打算将这些复方药物用于其中不能证实细菌感染的传染性结膜炎的表面。
总之,现在没有一种对所有病症的结膜炎或角膜炎具有广谱活性的眼科抗菌药,而且现在的抗菌药/类固醇、或抗菌药/非甾体抗炎复方药剂并不能证明可以安全地用于有可能由病毒或真菌引起的传染性结膜炎或角膜炎。
发明简述
本发明为一种眼用组合物,其中包含0.01%-10%(重量/重量或重量/体积)聚维酮碘,其同抗炎药、类固醇或抗炎药和类固醇的组合相组合。在一个优选的实施方案中,聚维酮碘(PVP-I)介于0.1%和2.5%、0.5和2%、0.75和2%、0.8和2%,、0.9和2%、1%和2%或者1%和1.5%之间。在另一个实施方案中,PVP-I、抗炎药和类固醇的总重量介于0.1%和4.5%之间。该溶液用于治疗结膜和角膜的感染。广谱的聚维酮碘将允许该组合用于分枝杆菌、病毒、真菌和阿米巴引起的眼结膜或角膜的感染;这与现有的在上述感染中禁忌的组合抗菌药-类固醇眼用组合物是不同的。此外,该溶液将用于正从最近的眼科手术中恢复病人的感染预防和炎症控制。现有的抗菌药/抗炎药或抗菌药/类固醇并不能用于术后期的病毒、真菌、分枝杆菌和阿米巴性感染。
本发明的一个实施方案涉及一种适合外用于眼睛的对治疗和/或预防至少一个眼组织的微生物感染或病症有效的眼用组合物。例如,疾病的预防可以是预防术后感染,预防新生儿的出生后感染,或者预防同污染物质接触的意外伤害。同污染物质接触的意外伤害可以发生在例如外科手术或食品加工期间。该组合物包含浓度介于0.01%至10%之间的聚维酮碘、和抗炎药、类固醇或其组合。
哺乳动物的眼睛可以被划分为两个主要部分:前段和后段。前段为眼的前三分之一,它包括玻璃体前的组织:角膜、虹膜、睫状体和晶状体。在前段内部的是两个充满液体的空间:前房和后房。前房位于角膜(即角膜内皮)的背面和虹膜之间。后房位于虹膜和玻璃体的前表面之间。后段为眼的后三分之二,它包括前端的玻璃体膜和在它之后的所有组织:玻璃体、视网膜、脉络膜和视神经。在一些动物中,视网膜包括反射层(反光膜),反光膜可以增加每个感光细胞感觉到光线的数量,并使这些动物可以在光线较暗的条件下看得更清楚。
人们惊讶地发现聚维酮碘同类固醇相组合的组分在合适的pH范围下存在时,它消除了PVP-I对眼睛所不希望的刺激性作用。本发明提供pH稳定的水不溶性药物水制悬浮液,它甚至在贮存了很长一段时间后仍保持这种状态。
在一个优选的实施方案中,眼用组合物含有按重量计浓度介于0.1%和2.5%之间,或者更优选地,介于0.5%和2%之间的聚维酮碘。在另一个优选的实施方案中,眼用组合物含有总重量介于0.1%至2.5%(重量比体积,或重量比重量)之间或者0.1%至4.5%之间的聚维酮碘、抗炎药、类固醇。
眼用组合物中的类固醇浓度可以介于0.01和10%之间。在一个优选实施方案中,类固醇浓度介于0.05和2%之间。
眼用组合物可以进一步包括(1)缓解病痛的局部麻醉剂(2)促进聚维酮碘渗透进入眼组织的渗透促进剂(它可以是局部麻醉剂)(3)抗菌性防腐剂,例如,它的浓度以重量计可以大约为0.001%至1.0%;(4)共溶剂或非离子表面剂-表面活性剂,例如以重量计可以大约为0.01%至2%;(5)增粘剂,例如以重量计可以大约为0.01%至2%;和(6)适合的眼用载体。
所述眼用组合物可以呈溶液、悬浮液、乳液、软膏、乳膏、凝胶、或者控释/缓释载体的形式。例如,该组合物可以呈隐形眼镜溶液、洗眼液、滴眼液及其类似物的形式。
该眼用组合物可以用于治疗和/或预防微生物感染。所述微生物可以是细菌、病毒、真菌、或者阿米巴、寄生虫或其组合。细菌可以是分枝杆菌。进一步地,该溶液可以用于治疗或预防例如结膜炎、角膜擦伤、溃疡传染性角膜炎、上皮角膜炎、基质角膜炎和与疱疹病毒相关的角膜炎等疾病。
例如,该眼用组合物可以包含下列组分:0.5至2%(w/w)聚维酮碘复合物;0.05至2%(w/w)类固醇;0.005%至0.02%(w/w)EDTA(乙二胺四醋酸);0.01至0.5%(w/w)氯化钠;0.02至0.1%(w/w)泰洛沙泊;0.5%至2%(w/w)硫酸钠;和0.1至0.5%(w/w)羟乙基纤维素,pH范围从5到7。更优选地,眼用组合物可以包含如下组分:1.0%(w/w)聚维酮碘复合物;0.1%(w/w)类固醇;0.01%(w/w)无水EDTA;0.3%(w/w)氯化钠盐;0.05%(w/w)泰洛沙泊;1.2%(w/w)硫酸钠;和0.25%(w/w)羟乙基纤维素;pH范围从5.5到6.5。在一个实施方案中,组合物基本上由0.5至2%(w/w)聚维酮碘复合物;0.05至2%(w/w)类固醇;0.005%至0.02%(w/w)EDTA(乙二胺四醋酸);0.01至0.5%(w/w)氯化钠;0.02至0.1%(w/w)泰洛沙泊;0.5%至2%(w/w)硫酸钠;和0.1至0.5%(w/w)羟乙基纤维素组成;pH范围从5到7。在另一个实施方案中,组合物基本上由1.0%(w/w)聚维酮碘复合物;0.1%(w/w)类固醇;0.01%(w/w)EDTA钠盐;0.3%(w/w)氯化钠盐;0.05%(w/w)泰洛沙泊;1.2%(w/w)硫酸钠;和0.25%(w/w)羟乙基纤维素;pH范围从5.5到6.5。
当然,已知,EDTA可以有多种形式,例如游离酸、二钠盐、或者四钠盐。类固醇可以是地塞米松、泼尼松龙或泼尼松。这些类固醇可以是磷酸钠盐形式(例如,地塞米松磷酸钠、强的松龙磷酸钠或泼尼松磷酸钠)或者醋酸盐形式(例如,醋酸地塞米松、醋酸泼尼松龙或醋酸泼尼松)。泼尼松龙是泼尼松的活性代谢物,并且人们知道泼尼松龙可以替代泼尼松使用。
在一个优选实施方案中,在制备得到眼用组合物1个月、2个月、3个月、6个月或者1年后,该组合物保持了至少90%的PVP-I和至少90%的类固醇。这至少可以通过根据上列处方(例如,前两段)制备眼用组合物来实现。甚至当组合物于室温在100勒克斯(lux)到1000勒克斯的室内光照环境下储存,仍可以保持这一稳定性。在一个优选实施方案中,组合物为水溶液。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明涉及治疗和/或预防眼科病症或者至少一个眼组织微生物感染的方法,包括向眼部施用上面讨论的多种剂量的眼用组合物中的一种的步骤。眼科疾病可以是,例如,至少一个眼组织的微生物感染、结膜炎、角膜擦伤、溃疡感染性角膜炎、上皮角膜炎、间质角膜炎和疱疹病毒相关的角膜炎。微生物可以是细菌(例如,分枝杆菌)、病毒、真菌、或者阿米巴。
在上述方法中,治疗可以包括给予本发明的溶液,其中聚维酮碘、抗炎药和类固醇的总和为每个剂量0.001mg至5mg。进一步地,该剂量容积可以介于10微升至200微升之间或者介于50微升至80微升之间;大约每只眼睛一滴。可以一天给药1到24次,一天给药2到4次或者一天给药2到24次。
在一个实施方案中,上述方法进一步包括给药前将该溶液剂储存至少一个月、至少两个月、至少三个月、至少六个月、或至少一年的步骤。可以于光照环境下在透明的瓶子(一种基本上不遮光的容器)中贮藏。光照环境可以是,例如,有大约100勒克斯至1000勒克斯光线的室外光照环境。
发明详述
在一个优选实施方案中,本发明的组合物用于局部给药。剂量范围是0.001至5.0mg/每只眼;其中所举的数量值表示三种化合物:抗炎药、聚维酮碘和局部麻醉药的总和。用于一只眼睛的剂量可以被理解为约一滴溶液。一滴溶液大概是介于10μl至200μl之间,介于20μl和120μl之间,或者介于约50μl(微升)至约80μl之间的溶液或者两者之间的任意体积。例如,移液器如吸移管管理器可以给予从至少1μl到300μl以及两者之间的任意体积的液滴。
在一个优选实施方案中,该溶液可以通过使用市场上许多类型滴眼液移液器中的任一种来作为滴眼液给药。虽然不是必须的,但是用于本发明组合物的容器可以是透明、半透明和不透明的,并且可以包括其它性质或者性质的组合,这些性质例如是玻璃内衬、防干扰、单个或几个剂量等份进行包装和它们的组合。
聚维酮碘具有如下结构:
适合本发明组合物和方法的抗炎药至少包括如下几种:富马酸酮替芬,双氯芬酸钠,氟比洛芬钠,酮咯酸氨丁三醇,舒洛芬,塞来考昔,萘普生,罗非考昔,或者它们的衍生物或组合。酮咯酸(也称为ketorlac,或酮咯酸氨丁三醇)为在丙酸家族中的非甾体抗炎药(NSAID)。
适合本发明组合物和方法的抗炎药至少包括:地塞米松,地塞米松醇,地塞米松磷酸钠,氟米龙醋酸酯,氟米龙醇,氯替泼诺(lotoprendol)依碳酸酯,甲羟松,泼尼松龙,泼尼松,醋酸泼尼松龙,强的松龙磷酸钠,利美索龙,氢化可的松,醋酸氢化可的松,洛度沙胺氨丁三醇,或者它们的衍生物或组合。对于本文中的所有化合物不言而喻的是,这些化合物可以是以各种经过修饰的形式,例如醋酸盐、和磷酸钠盐形式、钠盐、及其类似物。
地塞米松具有如下结构:
已知的是,在本文每一处提到的任何试剂都可以是化学等效物的形式,例如盐、氢化物、酯和碱性化合物的其它修饰。例如,在本发明任意组合物和方法中的地塞米松可以被它的任一种衍生物所替代,该衍生物包括它的酯或盐。所述衍生物的例子至少包括地塞米松-17-醋酸酯(CAS登记号:1177-87-3),地塞米松磷酸氢二钠盐(CAS登记号:2392-39-4),地塞米松缬草酸酯(CAS登记号:14899-36-6),地塞米松-21-异烟酸酯(CAS登记号:2265-64-7),软脂酸地塞米松(CAS登记号:33755-46-3),地塞米松丙酸酯(CAS登记号:55541-30-5),乙呋地塞米松(CAS登记号:83880-70-0),地塞米松-21-半乳糖苷(CAS登记号:92901-23-0),地塞米松21-硫代特戊酸酯,地塞米松21-硫代戊酸酯,地塞米松21-巯基-2-甲基-丁酸酯,地塞米松21-巯基-3-甲基-丁酸酯,地塞米松21-硫代己酸酯,地塞米松21-巯基-4-甲基-戊酸酯,地塞米松21-巯基-3,3-二甲基-丁酸酯,地塞米松21-巯基-2-乙基-丁酸酯,地塞米松21-硫代辛酸酯,地塞米松21-巯基-2-乙基己酸酯,地塞米松21-硫代壬酸酯,地塞米松21-硫代癸酸酯,地塞米松21-对-氟硫代苯甲酸酯或它们的组合。地塞米松衍生物同样也在US专利4,177,268中进行了描述。
适合本发明组合物和方法的局部麻醉剂至少包括,丙对卡因、利多卡因、丁卡因或者它们的衍生物或组合。
本发明的组合物可以作为溶液、悬浮液、乳液(分散液)、凝胶、霜剂、或者软膏给药,它们在适合眼用的载体中。
在本文用于局部给药的组合物(例如局部给药到眼)中,该混合物优选在水中于pH5.0到8.0的条件下配制成以重量计0.01至2.0%的溶液(数值涉及组合存在的聚维酮碘和地塞米松)。pH范围可以通过往溶液中加入缓冲液得到。我们惊讶地发现,本发明的组分在缓冲溶液中是稳定的。也就是说,缓冲液和碘或者其它成分之间没有导致组合物不稳定的不利相互作用。虽然准确的用药方法留给临床医生去考虑,但是推荐每天1至24次每只眼睛一滴的方法来局部应用得到的溶液。例如,该溶液可以每天使用1、2、4、6、8、12、18或者24次。
抗菌性防腐剂
作为任选的组分,可以加入合适的抗菌性防腐剂来预防多剂量包装的污染。所述药剂包括苯扎氯铵、硫柳汞、三氯叔丁醇、尼泊金甲酯、尼泊金丙酯、苯乙醇、EDTA、山梨酸、泊利氯铵、本领域技术人员所熟知的其它试剂、或其组合。一般地,所使用的防腐剂的浓度以重量计为0.001%至1.0%。
共溶剂/表面活性剂
本发明组合物含有任选的共溶剂。本组合物中组分的溶解度可以利用组合物中的表面活性剂或其它合适的共溶剂来加强。所述共溶剂/表面活性剂包括聚山梨酯20、60和80、聚氧乙烯/聚氧丙烯表面活性剂(例如,普流罗尼F-68、F-84和P-I03)、环糊精、泰洛沙泊、本领域技术人员所熟知的其它试剂或其组合。一般地,所使用的共溶剂浓度以重量计为0.01%至2%。
粘性剂
本发明组合物含有任选的增粘剂-即一种可以增加粘度的试剂。增加上述单一水溶液的粘度可以促进眼睛对活性化合物的吸收;在分配制剂时减少变化;减少制剂中悬浮液或乳剂的组分自然分离和/或另外提高眼用制剂质量。所述增粘剂包括,例如聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯酮、甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、本领域技术人员所熟知的其它试剂或其组合。所使用试剂的浓度一般以重量计为0.01%至2%。
制剂
下面的两个反应被认为是PVP-I在水溶液中进行的化学作用:
游离碘(I2)同-OH、-SH和-NH官能团的反应亲和性在文献中有很恰当的描述,这成为含碘溶液抗微生物活性的基础(Rackur H.J.Hasp.Infect.,1985;6:13-23,和其中引用的参考文献)。地塞米松(9-氟-11β,17,21-三羟基-16α-甲基孕甾-1,4-二烯-3,20-二酮)包括三个在11、17和21位的基团(-OH)。本领域技术人员可以推断这些羟基将易于同上述关于PVP-I2的溶液平衡反应中生成的游离碘发生共价取代反应。
在衍生本制剂时,进行了各种抗炎药和PVP-I、或类固醇和PVP-I的组合实验。我们观察到由于PVP-I和加入的药物(抗炎药或类固醇)之间的快速反应大部分制剂并不成功。在本文的其它地方描述了一部分这些不成功的制剂。具体来说,PVP-I溶液的低浓度成为其作为杀菌剂稳定和有效的限制因素。
因此本发明的目的是找到一种PVP-I和抗炎药的组合新制剂以解决稳定性、有效性和对眼睛的非刺激性这三个问题。我们惊讶地发现当1%PVP-I溶液同地塞米松组合时,它对感染的治疗或感染的预防是有效的。先前的文献中指出当尝试使用1%PVP-I时,眼部给药的副作用会妨碍它的应用。所不希望的副作用包括疼痛和刺激作用。
我们惊讶地发现,PVP-I和地塞米松溶液保持了许多个月的稳定性。基于公开的稳定性数据,我们推测本发明组合物在几年内都是稳定的-虽然关于这一点的实验仍在进行中。更令人预料不到的结果是,在室温下在光照或黑暗条件中,随着时间的过去任何可观察的范围内并没有发生地塞米松和PVP-I的反应。意外的是,虽然在我们的制剂中混合,但是溶液中的游离碘和存在于地塞米松分子中的羟基之间并没有发生反应。
由于PVP-I的极易氧化性,本领域的一般工作者/科学家/医师并不认为可以得到稳定的PVP-I和地塞米松组合物。我们观察到当PVP-I的浓度大于0.5%时,就可以得到稳定的组合物制剂。令人惊讶的是,我们发现0.3%PVP-I同地塞米松的组合稳定性相对较低。这也是很令人意外的,因为通常认为低浓度的碘具有更低的反应性,因而对双方的破坏性更小。8周后,在组合物中可以得到的碘(最初是0.3%PVP-I)减少了20%。虽然有人认为0.1%稀释了的PVP-I具有最强的抗微生物活性(GottardiW.J.Hosp.Infect.,1985;6(Suppl):1-11),但是我们的数据表明我们需要至少0.5%PVP-I同地塞米松相组合以显示最佳的抗微生物活性。我们已经观察到PVP-I同酮咯酸(一种非甾体抗炎药)迅速反应并且酮咯酸完全耗尽同时PVP-I复合物中可用的碘大量减少,这些取决于酮咯酸和PVP-I之间的比例。PVP-I和地塞米松磷酸钠的组合也证明是相对不成功的,但仍有用。我们观察到12周后PVP-I复合物部分分解为在UV光谱下显示的未知多聚体复合物并且碘减少了5%左右。我们进一步观察到PVP-I同丙对卡因迅速反应并且快速地释放游离碘。
令人惊讶的是,该组合物制剂促进稀释PVP-I溶液的稳定性。储藏5周后,0.625%聚维酮碘溶液的有效碘在25℃为91%以及在4℃为98%。(Iryo Yakugaku2003,29(1),62-65)。我们的数据表明我们的制剂使稀释PVP-I溶液稳定。8周后在室温条件下,含有0.5%和1%PVP-I的溶液中有效碘超过了99%。
在未确诊的人眼病毒和真菌感染中,单独局部使用类固醇是禁忌的。此外在未确诊的病毒感染情况下联合使用抗菌药/类固醇溶液是禁忌的。还没有报道表明含类固醇的溶液对未确诊的人眼病毒或真菌感染病情是安全可靠的。因此对于作者以及本领域的其他技术人员来说将含类固醇的溶液用于急性病毒或真菌眼部感染是难以预料的。
有效抗炎甾体在活性感染情况下的潜在破坏性眼免疫反应限制了其使用。然而,由于PVP-I的抗菌(抗细菌、抗病毒、和抗真菌、抗原虫)功效,该化合物在活性感染情况下是有用的,并不会有加重感染的危险。这种独有的性质(广谱抗微生物药和有效的抗炎药)是相对其它眼用抗生素和抗炎药极大的进步。
虽然局部用类固醇在眼科炎症的治疗中十分有效,但是它的使用伴随着风险。局部眼用类固醇通过许多已经详细报道过的基因或非基因机制来作用,从而减少炎症级联途径的相关蛋白的产生,降低血管渗透性,减少致炎细胞因子的产生,降低可溶性炎症因子的效价,抑制急性期蛋白质的生成,减少白细胞迁徙并增加细胞膜的稳定性。通过所有这些机制,局部用类固醇可以减少对眼睛有毒害的活性产物的局部浓度,这些产物包括蛋白质中的明胶酶、胶原酶和基质金属蛋白酶家族。在潜在毒性物质减少后,随之而来的是长时间感染和潜在感染风险的增加。如果这些局部用类固醇同合适的抗微生物药(即用于细菌感染的抗菌药,用于病毒感染的抗病毒药,用于真菌感染的抗真菌药)联合给药,它的风险可以减少和/或消除。一般的实习眼科医生短时间内不能准确地辨别大部分急性外部眼感染病例中的病原体,这又同治疗处方密切相关。因此随着临床医生等待培养结果或者更有可能耽误了治疗,从立即使用局部类固醇中得到的有益效果延迟或完全消失了。对细菌、病毒和真菌有效的广谱杀微生物剂同局部用类固醇的新组合消除了这种风险,并且可以及时控制炎症和病原体的根治。在我们看来,这是本发明最优选的实施方案。
我们同时也注意到在我们优选组合物中的其它组分看来似乎进一步稳定了该制剂。也就是说,EDTA、氯化钠、泰洛沙泊、硫酸钠和羟乙基纤维素表现出稳定组合物的附加作用。
虽然描述本发明时,在此引入一定的优选实施方案作为参考。但是,它们一些显而易见的变动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,本发明并不认为仅限于此。所有的专利、专利申请和参考文献全部在此引入作为参考。
实施例
本部分各处样品名称中的字母“A”是指聚维酮碘复合物("PVP-I"),A00是指0.0%的PVP-I,A03是指0.3%的PVP-I,A05是指0.5%的PVP-I,A10是指1.0%的PVP-I,A15是指1.5%的PVP-I,A20是指2.0%的PVP,A40是指4.0%的PVP-I等等。
相类似地,样品名称中的字母"B、C、D、K、P"分别是指地塞米松、地塞米松磷酸钠、强的松龙磷酸钠、酮咯酸(也称为ketorlac)和丙对卡因。B00是指0.0%的地塞米松,B01是指0.1%的地塞米松,C01是指0.1%的地塞米松磷酸钠,D01是指0.1%的强的松龙磷酸钠,K01是指0.1%的酮咯酸,以及P008是指0.08%的丙对卡因等等。
实施例1:聚维酮碘/地塞米松悬浮液的制备
数量(wt.%)
聚维酮碘(PVP-I) 0.0至4.0
地塞米松,微粉化的,USP 0.1
EDTA,USP 0.01
氯化钠,USP 0.3
硫酸钠,USP 1.2
泰洛沙泊,USP 0.05
羟乙基纤维素 0.25
硫酸和/或
氢氧化钠 适量调节pH至5.7-6.0
无菌水,USP 适量至100
实验过程:
往1000mL烧杯中加入400g无菌水,在置顶式机械搅拌器的剧烈搅拌下加入羟乙基纤维素(2.25g,0.25%w/w)。缓慢加入氯化钠(2.70g,0.3%w/w)并随之溶解,随后加入EDTA(0.09g,0.01%w/w)和硫酸钠(10.8g,1.2%w/w)。搅拌10分钟后,溶于水中的泰洛沙泊(0.45g,0.05%w/w)转移至上述溶液中。将该反应混合物搅拌1小时并且加入适量无菌水至540g然后再搅拌10分钟得到“本体溶液1”。
将每份60g的本体溶液1转移至两个125mL烧杯中,在搅拌时向各自溶液中加入聚维酮碘复合物(0.5g,1.5g)。通过加入氢氧化钠或硫酸将pH值调至5.7至6.0的范围,并且加入适量无菌水使悬浮液到100g,从而分别得到对照样品A05B00和A15B00。
将剩余的417g本体溶液1加入地塞米松(0.7g,0.1%w/w)并且进行匀化处理5分钟,随后加入适量至420g,从而得到本体溶液2。
将每份60g的本体溶液2转移至七个125mL烧杯中,并且在搅拌时向各自的溶液中加入聚维酮碘复合物(0.0g、0.3g、0.5g、1.0g、1.5g、2.0g,和4.0g)。通过加入氢氧化钠或硫酸将pH值调至5.7至6.0的范围,并且加入适量无菌水使悬浮液到100g从而分别得到样品A00B01、A03B01、A05B01、A10B01、A15B01、A20B01和A40B01。所有样品的LC-MS谱确证了这样一个发现,在PVP-I和地塞米松之间没有任何的反应。地塞米松(MH+=392.9)峰值没有改变为其它质谱峰。
实施例2:聚维酮碘/地塞米松磷酸钠溶液、聚维酮碘/强的松龙磷酸钠溶液和聚维
酮碘/酮咯酸溶液的制备
以相同的方法制备得到A00C01、A03C01、A05C01、A10C01、A15C01、A00D01、A03D01、A05D01、A10D01、A15D01、A00K01、A05K01、A10K01、和A15K01溶液。
A05C01、A10C01、和A15C01的LC-MS谱确认了地塞米松磷酸钠(MH+=472.9)峰值。A05D01、A10D01、和A15D01的LC-MS谱确认了磷酸泼尼松龙(MH+=440.9)峰值。
然而,A05K01和A10K01的LC-MS实验确证了关于PVP-I和酮咯酸氨丁三醇之间反应的发现。关于A05K01,有少量酮咯酸留在样品中(MH+=256.1),主峰值为MH+=381.9。至于A10K01和A15K01,则没有酮咯酸残留并且已经全部变为新化合物(MH+=381.9)。
A00B01P008(对照)、A05B01P008和A10B01P008的LC-MS实验确证了关于PVP-I和丙对卡因之间反应的发现。关于对照组,两个峰值:MH+=295.1(丙对卡因)和MH+=392.9(地塞米松)在LC-MS谱中被观察到。将A05B01P008同A10B01P008相比较,丙对卡因峰值(MH+=295.1)相对于地塞米松峰值(MH+=392.9)变得更小,这提示聚维酮碘与丙对卡因发生了反应。
实施例3:聚维酮碘/地塞米松/丙对卡因悬浮液的制备
分量(wt.%)
PVP-I 0.0至1.5
地塞米松,微粉化的,USP 0.1
盐酸丙对卡因,USP 0.08%
EDTA,USP 0.01
氯化钠,USP 0.3
硫酸钠,USP 1.2
泰洛沙泊,USP 0.05
羟乙基纤维素 0.25
硫酸和/或
氢氧化钠 适量调节pH至5.7-5.9
无菌水,USP 适量至100
往400mL烧杯中加入100g无菌水,在ARROW置顶式机械搅拌器的剧烈搅拌下加入羟乙基纤维素(0.75g,0.25%w/w)。缓慢加入氯化钠(0.9g,0.3%w/w)并随之溶解,随后连续加入EDTA(0.03g,0.01%w/w)、硫酸钠(3.6g,1.2%w/w)和盐酸丙对卡因盐(0.24g,0.08%w/w)。搅拌10分钟后,溶于水中的泰洛沙泊(0.15g,0.05%w/w)转移至上面的溶液中。将该反应混合物搅拌1小时并且加入地塞米松(0.3g,0.1%w/w)并且匀化10分钟然后用适量无菌水使溶液到180g,从而得到“本体溶液5”。将每份60g的本体溶液5转移至四个125mL烧杯中,在搅拌时向各自溶液中加入聚维酮碘复合物(0.0g,0.5g,1.0g)。通过加入氢氧化钠或硫酸将pH值调至5.8左右,并且加入适量无菌水使悬浮液到100g,从而得到样品A00B01P008、A05B01P008、和A10B01P008。
在这些样品制备期间,观察到有强烈气味的碘。我们怀疑PVP-I同丙对卡因反应非常迅速。这一推测被LC-MS谱所确证。地塞米松和丙对卡因峰值在这些有PVP-I的组合样品中变得非常小或者甚至消失。
溶液剂的稳定性
将各种样品于室温储藏几周后,通过滴定法来测定溶液中可滴定碘的总量。
滴定法:通过移液管将每份5mL的样品移至125mL烧杯,并且加入1mL的1%(w/v)淀粉指示溶液。用0.0025N硫代硫酸钠溶液滴定该溶液直至蓝色完全消失。确定所用硫代硫酸钠的体积。
可滴定碘(mg)=V(mL,用于滴定的体积)*12.69(mg/mL)/2
计算得到的可滴定碘(mg)列于表1。
表1.稳定性数据汇总(可用碘)
于室温在黑暗或光照条件下贮藏几周后的聚维酮碘浓度数据提示已经得到稳定的组合制剂:聚维酮碘同地塞米松、或地塞米松磷酸钠或强的松龙磷酸钠的组合。0.3%wt.%)PVP-I同地塞米松的组合于相对上述0.5%聚维酮碘同地塞米松的组合稳定性更低,其中后者在8周后仅有5%的有效碘浓度产生了变化。
数据同时也提示PVP-I同酮咯酸氨丁三醇发生了反应。0.5%PVP-I在样品中五周后,样品中没有留下可滴定碘。在PVP-I在样品中的1.5%和1.5%下,可滴定碘分别大量衰减58.8%和36.3%。
使用HPLC进行的样品中地塞米松的稳定性试验
使用USP方法。地塞米松的浓度数据以图表形式列于下列表2中:
表2
样品 | 最初浓度(mg/mL)/3周 | 浓度(mg/mL)/7周 | 浓度变化% |
CLS-A05B01 | 0.94 | 0.92 | -2.13 |
CLS-A10B01 | 0.86 | 0.90 | 4.65 |
CLS-A15B01 | 0.93 | 0.86 | -7.53 |
HPLC色谱表明,与标准对照组相比,没有出现新的峰值。谱图提示聚维酮碘同地塞米松之间没有任何反应。
使用HPLC讲行的样品中地塞米松磷酸钠的稳定性试验
使用USP方法。将地塞米松磷酸钠的浓度数据以图表形式列于下列表3中。A05C01(1天)、A10C01、A15C01(3天)在40℃恒温箱中。
表3.
样品名称 | 最初浓度(mg/mL) | 浓度(mg/mL) | 浓度变化% |
A05C01 | 1.273 | 1.244 | -2.28 |
A10C01 | 0.948 | 1.075 | 13.40 |
A15C01 | 1.355 | 1.148 | -15.28 |
HPLC色谱表明,与标准对照组和A05C01相比较,样品A10C01和A15C01中出现了新的峰值。在样品A10C01和A15C01中的地塞米松磷酸钠浓度变化大于10%。
在另一个实验中,我们惊讶地发现如下制剂的滴眼液1个月、3个月一直到6个月都是稳定的:0.5至2%(w/w)聚维酮碘复合物;0.05至0.2%(w/w)类固醇;0.005%至0.02%(w/w)EDTA;0.0.1至0.5%(w/w)氯化钠;0.02至0.1%(w/w)泰洛沙泊;0.5%至2%(w/w)硫酸钠;和0.1至0.5%(w/w)羟乙基纤维素;其中所述类固醇为地塞米松、泼尼松龙、泼尼松、或其醋酸形式或其磷酸钠形式。基于迄今为止搜集到的数据,这样的溶液看起来好像从其制备之日起至少能够保存一年。稳定性被定义为主要组分(PVP-I和类固醇)浓度在一段时间内的偏差少于10%。因此,当该溶液在保存时同时基于我们6个月的数据,PVP-I在1个月、3个月和6个月的这段时间内减少量少于90%,看起来该溶液好像至少在一年内将保持稳定。储存条件为室温、透明瓶、白炽灯和/或荧光灯100至1000勒克斯的室内照明。稳定性可以归因于PVP-I和地塞米松、泼尼松龙、泼尼松(包括这些类固醇的醋酸形式和磷酸钠形式)独一无二的组合。我们此外发现其它试剂(EDTA、氯化钠、泰洛沙泊、硫酸钠和羟乙基纤维素)存在时,进一步增强了稳定性。
我们已经发现,当在研制过程中与各种制剂进行比较时,PVP-I在制剂中贡献了很多好处。简单地说,PVP-I制剂相比于碘溶液具有如下改善的特性:(1)对皮肤和眼睛更小的刺激,(2)可洗涤的,(3)增加的稳定性,(4)光照下增加的稳定性,(5)低全身毒性,(6)更小的副作用。并且,基于现有的知识,PVP-I不会导致瘢痕组织形成。
实施例4.抗微生物测定
检测聚维酮碘同各种抗炎甾体相组合的溶液剂对常见致病菌、酵母菌、真菌和病毒的抗微生物活性。抗微生物测定(USP)中的培养基接种法被用于进行各种浓度的聚维酮碘组合物溶液对纯眼部分离物治疗的效能实验。我们发现聚维酮碘从0.03%的浓度开始可以对微生物生长以剂量依赖性方式产生抑制作用。用0.03%溶液在72小时内进行的培养处理完全清除所有受试种类,这进一步支持了其抗微生物作用。抗微生物作用的最佳效能可以在大于0.5%的浓度条件下实现。大于该浓度时,甚至在直接接触而没有进一步培养的条件下,该溶液可以有效地杀死和清除所有受试菌种。例如,1%聚维酮碘和0.1%地塞米松(wt%)被发现通过接触铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、奇异变形杆菌(Proteusmirabilis)、粘质沙雷菌(Serratia maracescens)、金色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcusaureus)、表皮葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus epidermidis)、肺炎链球菌(Streptococcuspneumoniae)、抗青霉素金色葡萄球菌、肺炎杆菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)、近平滑念珠菌(Candida parapsilosis)、白色念珠菌(Candida albicans)和黑曲霉菌(Aspergillusniger)来杀死它们。该结果清楚地表明该溶液对消除微生物生长的效能。
实施例5.腺病毒实验
检测聚维酮碘同地塞米松相组合的溶液对人类腺病毒的抗病毒活性。每份0.5mL等分的检品和对照品与0.5mL在无菌管中的病毒结合。随后将该无菌管于37℃培养30分钟。A00B01被用作阳性对照。汉克(氏)平衡盐溶液(HBSS)被用作阴性对照。紧跟着培养,检品和对照品被用于传染性HAdV-4的滴定。
表4.抗病毒活性
样品号 | HAdV-4滴定量(Log10TCID50/mL) |
A00B01 | 4.4 |
A10B01 | ≤1.6 |
A15B01 | ≤1.6 |
A20B01 | ≤1.6 |
HBSS | 4.0 |
将带有病毒的检品培养30分钟后,A00B01对病毒侵染性没有作用,但是混合物A10B01、A15B01和A20B01导致病毒完全失活。
实施例6.人眼刺激研究
在测试前对所有志愿受试者进行检查并找到具有没有病征的健康眼睛。制备单一1.0%聚维酮碘溶液并且在15个健康志愿受试者中试验。及时报告治疗的副作用。发现的副作用包括轻度痛、不适、流泪和发红。这是相一致的,因为在先的文献已经指出1%聚维酮碘由于病人不可接受的刺激性并不适合使用(例如,美国专利5,126,127)。从报道的副作用中可以清楚地看出对志愿受试者的多种应用是难以忍受的。
通过七个健康志愿受试者对包含1%PVP-I和0.1%地塞米松的A10B01溶液进行试验。利用滴眼液进行给药。惊奇地发现该溶液是眼睛所能接受的(没有灼烧感)并且在一个pH范围内是舒适的。特别地,pH5.9的制剂滴入眼睛是舒适的。
一个人每天使用滴眼液形式的该溶液四次,并持续3天并没有有害的副作用。其它pH值,例如pH6至8,通过单独使用合适的化学药品如硫酸或氢氧化钠来获得,或者通过滴加合适的缓冲液获得。
所有志愿受试者在试验阶段后马上接受医生的检查并且在一段时间后进行进一步随访检查。进一步地,让志愿者在试验一个月、两个月和三个月后同医生进行接触,并且没有哪个志愿者被报道有副作用。
Claims (37)
1.一种适合局部给药到眼睛的对治疗和/或预防至少一个眼组织的微生物感染有效的眼用组合物,包含:
a)以重量计浓度介于0.5%和1.0%之间的聚维酮碘,和
b)以重量计浓度为0.1%的类固醇,所述类固醇选自地塞米松醇、地塞米松磷酸钠以及它们的盐和组合,
其中,在制备得到该眼用组合物1个月后,该组合物保持了以重量计至少90%的类固醇和至少90%的聚维酮碘。
2.权利要求1的眼用组合物,其中所述组合物进一步包含缓解疼痛的局部麻醉剂。
3.权利要求2的眼用组合物,其中所述局部麻醉剂选自丙对卡因、利多卡因、丁卡因和它们的组合。
4.权利要求1的眼用组合物,其中所述组合物进一步包含促进聚维酮碘渗透进入眼组织的渗透促进剂。
5.权利要求4的眼用组合物,其中所述渗透促进剂为局部麻醉剂。
6.权利要求1的眼用组合物,其中所述组合物进一步包含抗菌性防腐剂。
7.权利要求6的眼用组合物,其中所述抗菌性防腐剂选自苯扎氯铵、硫柳汞、三氯叔丁醇、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、苯乙醇、EDTA、山梨酸、泊利氯铵和它们的组合。
8.权利要求6的眼用组合物,其中所述抗菌性防腐剂在所述组合物中的浓度以重量计为0.001%至1.0%。
9.权利要求1的眼用组合物,其中所述组合物进一步包含共溶剂/表面活性剂。
10.权利要求9的眼用组合物,其中所述共溶剂/表面活性剂选自聚山梨酯20、聚山梨酯60、聚山梨酯80、普流罗尼F-68、普流罗尼F-84、普流罗尼P-103、环糊精、泰洛沙泊和它们的组合。
11.权利要求9的眼用组合物,其中所述共溶剂/表面活性剂在所述组合物中的浓度以重量计为0.01%至2%。
12.权利要求1的眼用组合物,其中所述组合物进一步包含增粘剂。
13.权利要求12的眼用组合物,其中所述增粘剂选自聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素和它们的组合。
14.权利要求12的眼用组合物,其中所述增粘剂在所述组合物中的浓度以重量计为0.01%至2%。
15.权利要求1的眼用组合物,其中所述组合物呈溶液、悬浮液、乳液、软膏、乳膏、凝胶或控释/缓释载体的形式。
16.权利要求1的眼用组合物,其中所述微生物选自细菌、病毒、真菌和阿米巴。
17.权利要求16的眼用组合物,其中所述细菌为分枝杆菌。
18.权利要求1的眼用组合物,其中至少一个眼组织的微生物感染选自结膜炎、溃疡感染性角膜炎、上皮角膜炎、基质角膜炎和与疱疹病毒相关的角膜炎。
19.权利要求1的眼用组合物,其中所述预防是预防角膜擦伤或眼科手术后的感染。
20.权利要求1的眼用组合物,包含:
0.5至1.0%(w/w)聚维酮碘;
0.1%(w/w)类固醇;
0.005%至0.02%(w/w)EDTA;
0.01至0.5%(w/w)氯化钠;
0.02至0.1%(w/w)泰洛沙泊;
0.5%至2%(w/w)硫酸钠;和
0.1至0.5%(w/w)羟乙基纤维素;
其中所述类固醇选自地塞米松磷酸钠形式。
21.权利要求1的眼用组合物,包含:
1.0%(w/w)聚维酮碘;
0.1%(w/w)类固醇;
0.01%(w/w)EDTA;
0.3%(w/w)氯化钠盐;
0.05%(w/w)泰洛沙泊;
0.2%(w/w)硫酸钠;和
0.25%(w/w)羟乙基纤维素;
其中所述类固醇选自地塞米松磷酸钠形式。
22.权利要求1的眼用组合物,其中所述组合物在光照环境中3个月后保持其90%的聚维酮碘和90%的类固醇。
23.权利要求1的眼用组合物,其中所述组合物在光照环境中1年后保持其90%的聚维酮碘和90%的类固醇。
24.权利要求1的眼用组合物,其中所述组合物为水溶液。
25.一个或更多剂量的权利要求1的眼用组合物在制备药物中的用途,所述药物用于治疗和/或预防至少一个眼组织的微生物感染。
26.权利要求25的用途,其中所述预防是预防角膜擦伤或眼科手术后的感染。
27.一个或更多剂量的权利要求1的眼用组合物在制备药物中的用途,所述药物用于治疗和/或预防眼科疾病,其中所述眼科疾病选自至少一个眼组织的微生物感染和角膜擦伤。
28.权利要求27的用途,其中至少一个眼组织的微生物感染选自结膜炎、溃疡感染性角膜炎、上皮角膜炎、基质角膜炎和与疱疹病毒相关的角膜炎及其组合。
29.权利要求25的用途,其中所述微生物选自细菌、病毒、真菌或阿米巴。
30.权利要求29的用途,其中所述细菌为分枝杆菌。
31.权利要求25的用途,其中所述聚维酮碘和类固醇的总和是每个剂量0.001mg至5mg。
32.权利要求25的用途,其中每个剂量介于10微升至200微升之间。
33.权利要求25的用途,其中每个剂量介于50微升至80微升之间。
34.一个或更多剂量的权利要求1的眼用组合物在制备药物中的用途,所述药物用于一天一至四次给药治疗和/或预防至少一个眼组织的微生物感染。
35.一个或更多剂量的权利要求1的眼用组合物在制备药物中的用途,所述药物用于一天一至二十四次给药治疗和/或预防至少一个眼组织的微生物感染。
36.权利要求25的用途,进一步包括在所述给药步骤之前保存该组合物至少一个月、至少三个月、至少六个月或至少1年的步骤。
37.权利要求36的用途,其中所述保存是在光照环境中。
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US11/636,293 US7767217B2 (en) | 2006-03-14 | 2006-12-07 | Ophthalmic compositions comprising povidone-iodine |
PCT/US2007/006013 WO2007106381A2 (en) | 2006-03-14 | 2007-03-09 | Ophthalmic compositions comprising povidone-iodine |
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US (8) | US7767217B2 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP1998783B1 (zh) |
JP (7) | JP5415935B2 (zh) |
KR (7) | KR20140130246A (zh) |
CN (2) | CN101400355B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2007225305B2 (zh) |
CA (2) | CA2645765C (zh) |
DK (1) | DK1998783T3 (zh) |
ES (2) | ES2488918T3 (zh) |
MX (3) | MX2008011644A (zh) |
NZ (5) | NZ571236A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL1998783T3 (zh) |
PT (1) | PT1998783E (zh) |
SI (1) | SI1998783T1 (zh) |
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