TWI374745B - Use of a combination of bifidobacterium lactis bb-12 and lactobacillus rhamnosus gg for preventing or treating respiratory infections and acute otitis media in infants - Google Patents
Use of a combination of bifidobacterium lactis bb-12 and lactobacillus rhamnosus gg for preventing or treating respiratory infections and acute otitis media in infants Download PDFInfo
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- TWI374745B TWI374745B TW094122170A TW94122170A TWI374745B TW I374745 B TWI374745 B TW I374745B TW 094122170 A TW094122170 A TW 094122170A TW 94122170 A TW94122170 A TW 94122170A TW I374745 B TWI374745 B TW I374745B
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- infants
- bifidobacterium lactis
- lactobacillus rhamnosus
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- infections
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Description
1374745 ' (1) • 九、發明說明 本申請案主張2004年七月1日提出申請的美國專利 臨時申請60/584,830之優先權,其整體以引用方式納入本 文中。 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係槪括地關於一種預防或治療嬰兒呼吸感染和 φ 急性中耳炎之方法。 【先前技術】 . 呼吸道感染是極爲普遍,尤其發生在嬰兒。在生命的 第一年內,嬰兒易染複發性呼吸道感染,通常單在該年內 就會經歷3到6次的感染。單在美國每年大約有6%不滿 一歲的嬰兒會因爲下呼吸道感染而住院治療》 呼吸道感染及其症狀的範圍可能從輕微到嚴重,取決 φ 於病毒的類型與感染的位置。上呼吸道感染本身通常顯現 出類似於普通感冒,引起鼻腔內壁黏膜、喉嚨以及鼻竇的 發炎和腫張。流行性感冒:通常稱爲流感,是上呼吸道的 高度接觸病毒感染。流感的徵候包括發燒、受寒、頭痛、 肌肉痛、暈眩、咳嗽、喉嚨痛、流鼻涕、噁心、與腹瀉。 ' 另一種上呼吸道感染疾病,哮吼,會引起非常嚴重的咳嗽 以及不同程度的呼吸困難,主要是在吸入時。 下呼吸道感染通常被認爲比上呼吸道感染更嚴重。呼 吸道合胞病毒(RSV )爲嬰兒或是4歲以下幼兒下呼吸道 (2) 1374745 感染的最常見肇因。V a n W o e n s e 1,J · e t a 1.,V i r a 1 L o w e r Respiratory Tract Infection in Infants and Young Children, BMJ 327:3 6-40 ( 2003 ) »此爲如此常見的病毒使得幾乎 所有幼兒在三歲以前都感染過RSV。在大部分嬰兒及幼兒 中,RSV病毒引起的是與普通感冒不能區別的輕微呼吸道 感染。其常引起鼻塞、流鼻涕與咳嗽。 對抗RSV的保護作用包含T-及B-細胞反應、抗體反 φ 應(IgM、IgG及IgA ),以及由細菌及病毒感染所活化 的其他免疫系統反應。嬰兒期RSV感染與後來在兒童期 的復發性哮鳴,氣喘與特應性的發展之間的關聯業經提 . 出。因此,限制RSV感染可以防止延伸到兒童期的嚴重 呼吸倂發症。 支氣管炎是影響支氣管的下呼吸道感染,會因病毒性 發炎引起支氣管變窄和腫脹。細支氣管炎與支氣管炎類 似,但是主要是發生在嬰兒身上。其爲支氣管分支網路中 φ 小口徑氣管的發炎。此種感染會引起呼吸困難、頻繁且劇 烈的咳嗽、以及哮鳴,且可能需要住院治療。 對嬰兒可能爲最嚴重的下呼吸道感染爲肺炎。肺炎係 由肺泡感染所引起,使肺泡充滿液體,該液體通常具有黏 稠膿液本質,會干擾二氧化碳的正當交換。肺炎的嚴重性 • 決定於涉及的肺組織之量。 ' 大部份的上和下呼吸道感染都是由病毒所引起,對彼 等病毒目前尙未有特異性預防或治療可用。某些呼吸道感 染,像是流行性感冒,可以使用接種疫苗來預防。不過, -5- (3) (3)1374745 即使針對特殊呼吸道感染開發出接種疫苗,彼等疫苗也是 昂貴且不能普遍使用。類似地,治療此等感染所用的藥物 也具有受限的取得性且都是昂貴者。因此,提供一種不需 要藥物的治療或預防嬰兒呼吸道感染之方法有用的。 常見的呼吸道感染常伴隨著急性中耳炎(AOM ),也 稱爲中耳感染。AOM的特徵在於急性,短發炎過程,以 及在中耳內有液體。AOM可能伴隨著鼻炎、咳嗽 '發 燒、喉嚨酸痛、耳痛、聽覺遲鈍、焦慮、刺激性、缺乏食 慾 '嘔吐和腹瀉。通過穿孔的鼓膜之膿性耳漏也被認爲會 構成AOM。 50 %的兒童在一歲以前都經歷至少一AOM。80 %的兒 童在三歲以前會經歷至少一次AOM。35%的兒童在一歲與 三歲之間有過復發性AOM。 A OM可能由病毒或細菌所引起》會引起AOM的最常 見細菌菌株爲肺炎鏈球菌(Streptococcus pneumoniae) (35%病例)、流感嗜血菌(Haemophilus influenzae) (30%病例)及黏膜炎莫拉氏菌(Moraxella catarrhalis) (1 0%病例)u因爲細菌菌株常引起感染;靳以 AOM通 常係透過投予抗生素來治療。事實上,嬰兒期對AOM開 處抗生素方比對其他疾病更爲多。此種廣布的抗生素治療 之缺點在於抗生素抗藥性之發展。舉例來說,20°/。到40% 之間的肺炎鏈球菌菌株會抗拒青黴素類與頭孢菌素類。類 似地,在30%與40%之間的流感嗜血菌菌株及約90%的黏 膜炎莫拉氏菌菌株也已經發展出抗生素抗藥性。 -6- (4) (4)1374745 由於在病源性細菌中抗生素抗性的普遍,American Academy of Pediatrics 及 American Academy of Family Physicians以發展出指導方針,建議對 AOM的限制抗生 素處方。American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Academy of Family Physicians, Subcommittee on the Management of Acute Otitis Media, Clinical Practice Guidelines (March 2004) , 可得自 http://www.aafp.org/PreBuilt/final a o m . p d f。所以,隨著 抗生素治療更受到限制,尋找替代治療法以減少嬰兒與幼 兒的此種痛苦且嚴重狀況的發生係重要者。 於得自多重硏究的資料之統合分析中,結果指出哺餵 母乳對嬰兒呼吸道感染與 AOM的頻率可能有正面的影 響。特定言之,一項硏究指出使用現行可取得之嬰兒配方 餵食嬰兒,與完全使用母乳哺餵至少4個月比較之下,可 能伴隨著,在嬰兒呼吸道感染導致住院治療的風險上3.6 倍之增加。Bachrach,V.,et al.,Arch Pediatr. .Adolesc· Med. 57:237-43(2003)。此外,母乳哺餵的嬰兒比完全用 嬰兒配方餵食的嬰兒有明顯較少(約50% ) AOM事件。 Duffy, el al·,Pediatr. 100(4):E7 (1997)» 此等相異處可歸 因於下述事實:人乳可以促進有益細菌的生長例如乳桿菌 屬(Lactobacilli )及雙歧桿菌屬(Bifidobacteria )。 Duffy,el al·,Dig. Dis. SCI. 44(8):1 499- 1 505( 1 999)。 業經證實者,母乳餵食的嬰兒之微生物菌叢主要含有 雙歧桿菌屬。相反的,使用人工嬰兒配方餵食的嬰兒之微 (5) (5)1374745 生物菌叢較多樣化,包括雙歧桿菌屬及擬桿菌屬 (Bacteroides ),以及更具致病性菌種,葡萄球菌屬 ·( Staphylococcus)、大腸桿菌(Escherichia coil)和梭 菌屬(Clostridia)。在母乳哺餵的嬰兒與使用嬰兒配方餵 食的嬰兒兩者的糞便中也有不同種類的雙歧桿菌。已經有 許多因素被提出作爲導致母乳哺餵的嬰兒與使用嬰兒配方 餵食的嬰兒之不同糞便菌叢的肇因,包括人乳的蛋白質含 量較低以及組成不同,人乳中有較低的磷含量,人乳中有 多種寡醣類,以及在人乳中有很多具有免疫功能的體液性 媒介物和細胞媒介物。Agostoni,et al·,Probiotic Bacteria in Dietetic Products for Infants: A Commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition, J. Pediatr. Gastro. Nutr. 3 8:3 65 -3 74 ( Apr. 2004)。不管不同細菌群落的肇 因爲何,顯然地,在呼吸道感染及 AOM的治療或預防 上,母乳具有可測出的效益。
American Academy of Pediatric以及世界衛生組織兩 者都建議母親餵食母乳一至二年。不過,在已開發國家 中,此等建議有時候難以讓職業婦女執行=舉例來說:美 國有53%的泌乳期母親在嬰兒一星期大之前,就使用嬰兒 配方。81 %四個月大以前的嬰兒定時地接受嬰兒配方。5% 以下〗2個月大的美國嬰兒是以母乳餵食。Wolf, J.,Am. J. Pub. Health 93:2000-20 1 0(2003) ° —種增加餵食嬰兒配方的嬰兒腸胃內寄生的有益微生 物之方法爲透過投予益生菌。益生細菌爲對宿主的健康賦 -8- (6) 1374745 予有益影響之活微生物。乳桿菌屬及雙歧桿菌屬爲常見的 益生菌種。諸如此等益生菌都已經被證實對腸胃疾病的治 療有效。 例如,給Reid的美國專利第6,6 1 3,549號係關於諸如 乳桿菌屬及雙歧桿菌屬益生性微生物在治療嬰兒腸感染上 之用途。不過,此專利沒有說明任何腸道以外的感染之治 療。雖然益生菌可以有效地減低住院治療的嬰兒腹瀉疾病 ^ 及輪狀病毒性下痢(rotaviral shedding )的發生率,但是 乳酸雙歧桿菌(B. lactis)與S. thermophilus的益生菌組 合對於尋求健康照顧者,在減低疾病的整體發生率上並沒 有顯示出明顯的效用。Saavedra, et a丨.,Am J. Clin. Nutr.79:26 1 -67(2004) 〇
Clancy,et al.的美國專利申請第 20040057965 及 2003018 02 60號述及抗原及益生菌的投予以治療諸如呼吸 道感染的黏膜感染。相似地,Drake, et al.的美國專利申 φ 請第2004026529 1號係有關一種透過投予細菌、細菌營養 素及抗微生物劑以抑制或減少慢性或上呼吸道感染與耳朵 感染之方法。不過,這些參考資料僅有關成人的投服而沒 有揭示投予嬰兒益生菌以治療呼吸道感染及A0M者。 嬰兒的腸道微生物菌叢係已知比成人遠較爲低發育 者。成人的腸道微生物菌叢包含多於10 M以上的微生物 及近乎500種,有些對身體有害也有些是有益者,而嬰兒 的微生物菌叢只含有一部分此等微生物,包括在絕對數目 與物種多樣性兩者之上而言。因爲嬰兒腸道與成人腸道之 -9 - (7) 1374745 間在細菌的數量與種類上差距極大,所以不能假設施行於 成人的益生菌投服就必然有益於嬰兒。 因此,提出治療或預防嬰兒呼吸道感染與A 0M的益 生菌治療法是有益者。 【發明內容】 簡單的說,本發明係有關新穎的預防或治療嬰兒呼吸 φ 道感染的方法,包括給嬰兒投服治療有效量的的至少一種 雙歧桿菌配合至少一種可促進所選雙歧桿桿菌菌株在腸道 中的成長與黏附之益菌性細菌菌種。於一具體實例中,雙 歧桿菌菌種可以選自展現出免疫調節性質的雙歧桿菌。此 等菌種可包括,兩歧雙歧桿菌(B. bifidum)、青春雙歧 桿菌 (B, adolescentis )、動物雙歧桿菌 (B. animal is)、乳酸雙歧桿菌(B. lactis)、嬰兒雙歧桿菌 (B..infantis)、長雙歧桿菌(B.longum)、嗜熱雙歧桿 • 菌(B. thermophilum )。可用於本發明中的一種特定菌種 爲乳酸雙歧桿菌Bb-12 ( B. lactis Bb-12 )。 於一具體實例中,促進雙歧桿菌黏附的益生菌爲乳桿 菌菌種的一成員,例如,鼠李糖乳桿菌(L. rhamnosus GG ) ( LGG )、徳氏乳桿菌保加利亞亞種(L. delbrueckii subsp· Bulgaricus)、或是兩者的組合。 本發明也有關一種新穎的預防或治療嬰兒急性中耳炎 的方法,包括給嬰兒投服治療有效量的的至少一種雙歧桿 菌予至少一種可促進所選雙歧桿桿菌菌種對腸道黏膜的成 -10- (8) 1374745 長與黏附之益菌性細菌菌種。 本發明也有關一種新穎的預防與治療嬰兒復發性呼吸 道感染予復發性AOM的方法。此方法包括給嬰兒投服治 療有效量的的至少一種雙歧桿菌予至少一種可促進所選雙 歧桿桿菌菌種對腸道黏膜的成長與黏附之益菌性細菌菌 種。 於本發明達到的數種優點爲其可提供一種不需要投服 φ 不可取得或昂貴的醫藥或疫苗的預防或治療嬰兒呼吸道感 染之方法。本發明也提供一種預防或治療AOM的方法, 其不需要投予可能在病原性細菌種中產生抗藥性的抗生 素。 【實施方式】 較佳具體實例之詳細說明 至此要詳細參照本發明的具體實例,下面敘述其中一 φ 或多個實例。每一個實例都是提出用以解釋本發明而非對 本發明有所限制。事實上,對熟習此技藝者來說,顯然可 對本發明可做出各種修改與變異丽不違離本發明的範圍或 旨意。例如,經圖示說明或描述作爲一具體實例部分的特 點’可以用於另一具體實例上而產生又另一具體實例。 因此,本發明理所當然地涵蓋此等修改與變異如同落 於後附申請專利範圍以及其等效物的範圍之內者。本發明 其它目的、特徵及方面都揭示於下面的詳細說明部份中或 可從該說明部份明白者。如一般技藝人士可以了解者,此 -11 - (9) 1374745 處所論述者僅爲範例具體實例的說明,且不企圖用以限定 本發明在更廣的方面。 定義 用於本文中時,術語“治療”的意思是改善、改進或 去除疾病、失調或疾病或症狀的徵候。 術語“預防”的意思爲透過某些行動停止或阻礙一疾 φ .病、失調或疾病或症狀的徵候。 術語“治療有效量”指的是可導致疾病、失調或疾病 或症狀的徵候之改善或消除的量。 術語“嬰兒”意指2歲以下的人類。/ 術語“呼吸感染”或是“呼吸疾病”意指一種影響 負責進行由空氣中攜帶氧氣到血流中及排出二氧化碳的器 官群之疾病或感染。 術語“益生菌”係指對寄主的健康有良好影響的微生 φ 物。其可爲經由改良宿主腸內微生物平衡而有益地影響宿 主之活微生物餵食補充品,含有活或死細菌的微生物製備 物,或雨者之組合=活的生物常爲較佳者,因爲彼等可以 產生完全的抗原組,繁殖增加此等生物在腸道環境中的數 量以促進黏膜交互作用,且可以附著在腸道組織上以更佳 地剌激腸道的免疫反應。 術語“異菌素(益菌素)”指不可消化性食物成份, 其可刺激益生菌的成長或/及活性。 術語“復發性”意指在一年內發生3次或以上的感 -12- (10) 1374745 染。 用於本文中時,術語“嬰兒配方”意指可滿足嬰兒營 養要求作爲人乳替代物的組成物。在美國國內,嬰兒配方 的內容係由21 C.F.R. Section 100、106、及107中所宣示 的聯邦法規所規定。此等法規規定主要營養素 (macronutrient )、維生素、礦物質及其他成份之含量以 期模擬母乳的營養和其他性質。 本發明 根據本發明,業已開發出一種新穎的治療或預防嬰兒 呼吸感染的方法。該方法包括投予嬰兒一治療上有效量的 至少一種雙歧桿菌,比如說Bb-12,與至少一種益生菌, 例如LGG,其可促進所選雙歧桿菌對腸道黏膜的黏附^ 雙歧桿菌是革蘭氏陽性厭氧菌(gram-positive anaerobes ),通常在較下部位的消化系統中運作。彼等不 φ 會移動,非孢子形成型且爲過氧化氫酶-陰性者。彼等具 有多種形狀包括短型、曲桿形、分叉型桿以及Y形桿。由 於彼等在醣類發酵期間產生乳酸 > 所以分類爲乳酸菌。 在本發明的一個具體實例中,雙歧桿菌菌種可選自展 現出免疫調節性値的雙歧桿菌中。這些菌種包括,兩歧雙 歧桿菌 (B. bifidum )、青春雙歧桿菌 (B. adolescentis)、動物雙歧桿菌(B. animalis)、乳酸雙歧 桿菌(B.lactis)、嬰兒雙歧桿菌(B. infantis)、長雙歧 桿菌 (B. longum )、 嗜熱雙歧桿菌 (B. -13- (11) 1374745 thermophilum )。可用於本發明中的一種特定菌種爲乳酸 雙歧桿菌 Bb-12 ( B. lactis Bb-12 ),可得自 Milwaukee, WI.的 Chr. Harsen Biosystem 〇 於本發明一具體實例中,促進雙歧桿菌對腸道黏膜黏 附的益菌素可爲乳桿菌屬的一成員。乳桿菌屬爲革蘭式陽 性兼性厭氧菌。彼等爲非孢子形成型、且爲非鞭毛桿狀或 是球桿菌(Coccobacilli )。技藝中已知的任何乳桿菌菌 φ 種都可以用於此具體實例中。例如,黏附促進性益生菌可 爲LGG、徳氏乳桿菌保加利亞亞種(L. delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus)、或是兩者的組合。 LGG係從健康人的腸道菌叢分離出的一種乳桿菌菌 株。其經揭示於Gorbach,et al.的美國專利第 5,032,399 號中,其全文以引用方式納入本文。LGG可以抵抗大部分 抗生素,於酸和膽汁之存在中具有穩定性,且可強力地附 著在人類腸道的黏膜細胞上,在大部分個體中可以存活1 φ 到3天,且於30%的個體中可以存活到長達7天。LGG除 了寄生能力之外,也可有益地影響腸道黏膜的免疫反應。 LGG 經寄存於寄存機構 American Type Culture Collection 登記號碼爲 ATCC 53 1 03。 徳氏乳桿菌(L.delbrueckii)爲革蘭式陽性兼性厭氧 菌,不會移動、非孢子形成型、桿狀的微生物。像其他乳 酸菌一樣,徳氏乳桿菌爲酸耐受性,不能合成(卟)啉 (porphyrins ),且擁有嚴格的發酵性新陳代謝以乳酸爲 主要的代謝終端產物。徳氏乳桿菌包括三個亞種徳氏乳桿 -14- (12) 1374745 菌德氏亞種(L.delbrueckii subsp. De 丨 brueckii)、徳氏乳 桿菌乳酸亞種(L.delbrueckii subsp. Lactis)、以及徳氏 乳桿菌保加利亞亞種 (L.delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus)。
通常,所選雙歧桿菌對腸黏膜的黏附率係18%左右。 先前硏究業已指出某些菌種可以促進雙歧桿菌對腸道黏膜 中的黏附 ° Juntunen,M.et al. Ciη. Diag. Lab. Immunol.8: ^ 293 -96 ( 200 1 )。在二種乳桿菌菌種,特別者 LGG (ATCC Ν Ο · 5 3 1 0 3 )以及徳氏乳桿菌保加利亞亞種(可得 自 Valio Ltd.,Finland)的存在中,雙歧桿菌對腸黏膜的 黏附性可從18%分別增加到44%及45%。前引資料。雖然 不希望受限於此或其他的理論,不過仍認爲這些乳桿菌菌 株會共聚集且藉此增加雙歧桿菌對腸黏膜的黏附以及彼等 滯留在腸道中的時間。 根據本發明的方法,當一雙歧桿菌菌株配合至少一種 φ 黏附促進性益生菌而提供時,可使揪受此組合物的嬰兒減 少呼吸及AOM感染的次數。 於本發明中,雙歧桿菌菌株及黏附促進性益生菌的投 予形式不具關鍵性,只要有治療有效量投予嬰兒即可。最 方便者,可將雙歧桿菌菌株及黏附促進性益生菌補充到嬰 兒人工奶粉中餵食給嬰兒食用。 在一具體實施例中,本發明所用的嬰兒配方在營養上 係完全者且含有適合類型和量的脂質、醣類、蛋白質、維 生素以及礦物質。脂質或脂肪的量典型地可從約3變異到 -15- (13) 1374745 約7克/100仟卡。蛋白質的含量典型地爲從約1到約5克 /100仟卡。醣類含量典型地爲從約8到約12克/1〇〇仟 卡。蛋白質的來源可以爲技藝中所用的任何者,例如脫脂 牛奶、乳清蛋白質、酪蛋白、大豆蛋白質、水解蛋白質、 部分水解蛋白質、胺基酸等。在一具體實例中,該蛋白質 爲乳清蛋白質予酪蛋白的組合,兩者比例爲60:40。醣類 來源可爲技藝中所用的任何者,例如乳糖、葡萄糖、玉米 φ 糖漿、麥芽糊精、蔗糖、澱粉、米漿固體等。脂質來源可 爲技藝中所用的任何者,例如植物油諸如棕櫚油、大豆 油、棕櫚油脂(palmolein)、可可豆油、中鏈甘油三酸 酯、高油酸葵花油、高油酸紅花油和類似者。 方便者,可已使用市售嬰兒配方。例如,Enfalac、 Enfamil®、Enfami 1 ®Premature Formula、Enfamil® with iron 、 Lactofree® 、 Nutramigen® 、 Premature® 以及 Prosobee® (可得自 Mead Johnson & Company, φ Evansville, IN, U.S.A)可補充適量的雙歧桿菌菌株及黏 附促進性益生菌且用於本發明方法的實施中》 本發明的嬰兒配方可包含設計用來促進雙歧桿菌在腸 道黏膜中增長的成分。例如,雙歧桿菌需要亞鐵型鐵、核 黃素以及生物素來促進其生長。此等可與其嬰兒配方中的 其他成份混配而提供。 作爲嬰兒配方投服的替代者,可將雙歧桿菌菌株予 黏附促進性益生菌以補充品形式而非整合在嬰兒配方中之 形式投服。 -16- (14) 1374745 本發明可用來治療或預防完全使用嬰兒配方餵食的嬰 兒或以母乳及嬰兒配方的組合食物餵食的嬰兒之呼吸感染 或 Α Ο Μ » 在本發明一特定具體實例中,可以將至少一種益菌素 與雙歧桿菌菌類及黏附促進性益生菌的組合補充到嬰兒配 方中。於此具體實例中,此益菌素可爲技藝中已知的任何 益菌素。在一特定具體實例中,該益菌素係選自半乳寡 φ 糖、菊澱粉、果寡醣、乳酮糖、新糖類及彼等的組合。 在本發明一具體實例中,將雙歧桿菌菌株及黏附促進 性益生菌補充到嬰兒食物中從出生直到嬰兒到約一歲大爲 止。在本發明的另一具體實例中,係將雙歧桿菌菌株及黏 附促進性益生菌組成物補充到嬰兒食物中從剛出生直到嬰 兒到達約三歲爲止。 在一具體實例中,雙歧桿菌菌株及黏附促進性益生菌 的治療有效量爲約1〇5到1〇Μ菌落形成單位(Cfu)。在 Φ 另一具體實例中,雙歧桿菌菌株及黏附促進性益生菌的治 療有效量爲約1 〇6到1 〇8之間的菌落形成單位。在一具體 實例中,每天投服治療有效量=於另一具體實例中,係隔 一曰、每一星期或每一個月投服該治療有效量。益生菌劑 量的頻率和大小決定於,例如,所選微生物、遞送方式及 該劑量要投服的嬰。 熟諳此技者所熟知者,可提供依據熟諳此技者所定出 的對個別嬰兒爲安全且有效之增加劑量。此外,可以根據 其與益菌素組成物的及可增進雙歧桿菌菌株菌落繁殖的其 -17- (15) 1374745 他添加物之組合而變異最低量。 在本發明一具體實例中,Bb-12對LGG的比例可在約 10:1 .與1:10之間。在本發明另一具體實例中,Bb-12對 LGG的比例可在約5: 1與1:5之間。在本發明又另一具體 實例中,Bb-12對LGG的比例可在約3Μ與1 :3之間。在 本發明一特定具體實例中,Bb-12對LGG的比例可爲約 1:1° φ 本發明益生菌生物可提供爲粉狀、膠囊、乳液或糊的 形式,或熟諳此技者決定可爲活微生物的有效載體之任何 其他適當載體形式。含有益生性微生物的粉狀組成物可提 供成在個別裝袋中,例如,用以混入嬰兒配方或早期食品 中。又如膠囊可以拆開使其內容物可與嬰兒配方、粗濾食 品、牛奶、果汁以及其他可以讓嬰兒食用的營養組成物。 乳液或糊狀製品可以摻合在多種食品中。 在一具體實例中,補充雙歧桿菌菌株及黏附促進性益 φ 生菌可預防或治療上呼吸道感染、流行性感冒、哮吼、呼 吸合胞病毒、支氣管炎、細支氣管炎或/及肺炎的發生。 在另一具體實例中:補充雙歧桿菌菌株及黏附促進性益生 菌可預防或治療AOM的發生。
在出生的第一年期間,使用特定的本發明益生菌組成 物可達到早期及復發性感染發生率以及抗生素使用頻率之 明顯減少。最顯明的效用是在於嬰兒最盛行的呼吸感染或 中耳炎。此經顯示於圖〗與圖2之中。此等圖說明益生菌 補充可減少在初生兒一歲以內發展成呼吸道感染或AOM -18* (16) 1374745 事件的兒童之比例。本發明也可以有效地減少復發性呼吸 感染與復發性中耳炎感染的發生率。再者,益生菌顯然可 以賦予抵抗早期感染的保護作用,其重要性終結於下述事 實:發展出復發性感染,包括中耳炎,的孩童通常在早期 就歷經彼等的第一次感染。 下面的實施例係說明本發明各種具體實例。在後附申 請專利範圍內的其他具體實例可由熟諳此技藝者從思考本 文中所揭示的本發明說明書或實作獲得明白。該說明書, 以及實施例都要視爲只具示範說明性,而本發明的範圍和 旨意要由實施例後面的申請專利範圍所表明。在該等實施 例之中,除非有不同的指明,否則所有百分比皆爲以重量 爲基礎。 實施例1 本實施例說明顯示出使用雙歧桿菌菌株及黏附促進性 φ 益生菌對於呼吸道感染及OAM頻率之效用所需的材料與 方法。 the infants participating in the dο abί e-bIind, placebo* controlled從2000年9月到2002年3月期間,土耳其以 及芬蘭發明者挑選健康的健康的嬰兒參與臨床硏究,這個 硏究唯一的標準是嬰兒在2個月之前餵食嬰兒配方,而且 排除患有嚴重疾病的嬰兒。 總共隨機抽取81個嬰兒個別編碼,並且每天攝取 lxlO10單位的雙歧桿菌lactis Bb-12和LGG ’或微晶纖維 -19- (17) 1374745 無效劑直到12個月大爲止。其中益生菌以及無效劑放入 膠囊中在將內容物放入嬰兒人工奶粉(Enfami】®,Mead Johnson Nutritionals, Evansville,IN )中讓嬰兒每天攝 取,嬰兒在這段時間只餵食嬰兒配方。Materna丨use of commercially available products containing probiotics was discouraged. 此臨床實驗嬰兒分別在3個月、7個月以及12個月大 φ 時定期觀察記錄,其中81個嬰兒之中有 72個嬰兒 (89%)完成完整的觀察紀錄。其中沒有接受觀察紀錄的 9個嬰兒平均年齡爲2.9個月(範圍1.5到7.0),而只有 接受完整紀錄的嬰兒才可以進行硏究分析。 微生物學家使用最新技術,分析益生菌腠囊的隨機抽 樣樣本,確定益生菌維持有效作用的保存期限。每個膠囊 中LGG以及Bb-12的量爲ΙχΙΟ9以及 1><1〇1()。 硏究期間的所有感染都由家人或家庭醫師記錄在一特 φ 別的曰記中。將呼吸感染、醫生診斷過的AOM、胃腸道 感染、以及使用抗生素藥劑治療的次數都分別詳細記錄下 來。硏究的主要結果度量爲早期呼吸感染、醫生診斷過的 AOM、和胃腸道感染的發生率。於生命的第一年內復發性 感染的發生率(經定義爲3次或更多次發生)視爲繼發性 結果量度。對於抗生素的早期或復發性需求要解說成分別 反映疑似早期或復發性細菌感染,且要依此記錄下來。12 個月大以前的鼓膜穿破術要解釋爲指示出頻繁的耳感染》 鼓膜穿破術爲一種需要全身麻醉的外科手術,但可能需要 -20- (18) 1374745 避免可能因AOM結果而發生的對耳之結構傷害。 於硏究群中第一生命年內的所有健康問題都要詳細記 錄以區別感染病的徵候與非感染性病因的徵候。胃食道回 流病可能爲咳嗽、嘔吐或煩躁增加之可能非感染性肇因, 係經24-小時食道PH探針測量於以確定或排除》牛奶過 敏,一種胃腸道徵候或皮膚徵候的非感染性肇因,係經由 雙盲式、無效劑對照的牛奶挑激予以確定。特應性濕疹係 使用由 Hanifin,Hanifin, J.M.,Atopic Dermatitis in Infants and Children, Pediatr. Clin. Nutr. Am. 38 : 763-89 (1 99 1 )所推介的準則進行診斷。特應性過敏係在7個月 及1 2個月大時以皮膚穿刺測驗進行評定。所試驗的抗原 包括香蕉、馬鈴薯、胡蘿蔔、蘋果、小麥、米、牛奶、 蛋、鳕魚、大豆及邁膠蛋白(gliadin)。如果在任一時點 有一或多項陽性反應,此嬰兒即視爲有敏感。 爲了確定對介入的順應性,在益生菌補充之前的加入 φ 之時及在嬰兒3個月大時採取糞便樣品且儲存在-86°C。 樣品係得自加入時的46個嬰兒及3個月大的45個嬰兒。 將糞便樣本解凍且系列地稀釋於磷酸鹽緩衝鹽水(pH 7.2,10 mM磷酸鹽)之中《爲了偵測 LGG,在Rogosa 瓊脂(Oxoid Basingstoke,UK)上面展布該稀釋樣且在37 °C下有氧培養4天。純化出典型的LGG菌落且從該等菌 落萃取出DN A。使用聚合酶鏈式反應確認菌株本體。 將數據表爲平均値加範圍,或表爲中間値加IQR以得 到數據分布的估測。組別之間在基線上的比較係使用 -21 - (19) 1374745
Mann-Whitney U試驗和X2試驗進行。使用邏輯迴歸分析 針對下列來比較處理組:在生命的頭12個月期間的早期 感染及復發性感染以及對抗生素治療的復發性需求。復發 性感染及抗生素治寮的分析係在有和無其他相關因素的調 整之下實施。以前向方式實施漸進式迴歸分析以控制相關 風險因素或不確定因素。對處理組會施加模式,且引入模 式中的其他因素包括:性別、出生方式、完全餵食母乳期 間、餵食母乳總期間、有年長兄弟姐妹、母親吸菸、寵物 擁有及家族過敏性。加入與移除一項變數的準則爲:F· 加入的機率S 〇.1〇及F·移除的機率2 0.15。結果係以相關 風險(也稱爲風險比例(RR )),與95 %信任區間 (CI)給出。應用 Kaplan-Meier曲線於沒有呼吸感染的 時間及沒有AOM的時間且使用log平等試驗來比較處理 組。數據係使用SPSS ( Version 1 1 .5 )分析。 φ 實施例2 本實施例係說明Bb-12和LGG對呼吸感染和A0M的 頻率之影響=接受益生菌和無效劑的嬰兒中有類似的表1 中所示基線特性。 -22- (20) 1374745 表1 :實驗特性的底限以及時間延革 益生菌 (n=32) 無效劑 (n=40) 男嬰 16(50%) 19(48%) 妊娠期 39.8星期 39.9星期 平均値(範圍) (36.7〜42.1) (35.1 〜.42.3) 出生體重 3440g 3 540g 平均値(範圍) (2300〜4100) (2140〜4580) 有年長兄弟姐妹 15(47%) 24(60%) 父母吸煙 18(56%) 2 2(55%) 完全餵食母乳時間 1.9星期 1.9星期 平均値(範圍) (0.0〜6.0) (0·0〜6.0) 總餵食母乳時間 2.0個月 2.4個月 平均値(範圍) (0.25-12.0) (0.25-7.5) 介入起始的年齡(範圍) 38天 (6〜65) 35天 (2-59) 接受益生菌的嬰兒之介入起始平均年齡爲3S天(範 圍6-65),而接受無效劑的嬰兒爲35天(範圍2-59)。 追蹤係在參與的81個嬰兒中的72個嬰兒(89%)完成。 沒有完成追蹤的9個嬰兒中在撤出時的平均年齢爲2.9個 月(範圍爲〗.5-7.0),且因而只有完成硏究的嬰兒有包 含在分析之中。 本硏究益生菌可減低嬰兒在出生7個月大內發生早期 -23- (22) 1374745 嬰兒出生至7個月大期間,有22/32個(69% )接受益生 菌的嬰兒及31/40個(78% )接受無效劑的嬰兒發生至少 —次的呼吸感染事件。因此,益生菌補充可減低早期 ' AOM。呼吸感染和抗生素使用的風險。出生至7個月大期 •間胃腸感染的發生率對於兩組都低。 除了對出生至7個月大的嬰兒的影響之外’益生菌也 明顯的減低嬰兒在出生至12個月大之期間的復發性感染 φ 發生率。此等結果都顯示在表3之中。
-25- (23) 1374745 表3:出生後12個月復發性感染以及使用醫療介入的發生 率 益生菌 無效劑 RR 調整RR (n=32) (n=40) (9 5 % C ]) (9 5 % C)) 任何感染 22 (69%) 3 1 (78%) 0.22 (0.05〜0.98) 0.47 (0_16〜1.20) 呼吸感染 9 (2 8%) 22 (55%) 0.40 (0·14~0.97) 0.48++ (0.16-1.20) AOM 4 (13%) 10 (25%) 0.47 (0.10-1.58) 0.54§ (0.11-1.88) 抗生素使用 1 0 (31%) 16 (40%) 0.76 (0.30〜1.53) 0.71 ·* (0.20〜1.74) 鼓膜穿破術 0(0%) 4(10%) 0.23 (N/A 〜1 .9 1 ) 0.23 (N/A-1 .9 1 ) + +針對年長兄弟姐妹及母親過敏調整。 φ §針對年長兄弟姐妹調整。 **針對年長兄弟姐妹、母親吸煙、飼養寵物、完全餵母 乳期間以及母親過敏調整。 在出生12個月大期間,總共有53/:72個(74% )參 與硏究的嬰兒經歷過3次或更多次的感染。更特別者,有 3 1/72個(43%)的嬰兒在這段期間患過復發性呼吸感染 且有14/72個(19%)患過復發性AOM。再者,有26/72 個(36%)嬰兒經歷對抗生素治療的復發性需要。益生菌 -26- (24) (24)1374745 明顯的減低嬰兒在出生至12個月大期間的復發性呼吸感 染發生率。 例如,有9/32個(28% )接受益生菌的嬰兒及2 2/4 0 個(55%)接受無效劑的嬰兒經歷過三次或更多次的呼吸 感染。接受益生菌的嬰兒中,只有4/3 2個(13%)感染 三次以上的AOM。相異者,接受無效劑的嬰兒有10/40個 (25%)感染三次以上的 AOM。此外,益生菌的投予會 減低對鼓膜穿破術的需求,此係爲預防復發性AOM或治 療分泌性AOM而實施者。接受益生菌的嬰兒在生命的最 初一年期間沒有任何需要鼓膜穿破術者,而對4/40個 (10% )接受無效劑的嬰兒有實施鼓膜穿破術。 有數項因素與復發性感染及對抗生素治療的復發性需 求之風險相關聯。在出生的12個月期間,有年長兄弟姐 妹的嬰兒會增加復發性呼吸感染的風險,對抗生素的復發 性需求、且會增加復發性AO Μ的風險。家族過敏史會增 加復發性呼吸感染的風險且母親吸煙與復發性抗生素使用 相關。完全餵食母乳的期間與復發性使用抗生素有相反關 聯性。飼養寵物會防止復發拄感染與對抗生素的復發性需 求。因此,針對此等因素調整益生菌對於出生至12個月 期間復發性感染風險之影響。 1/3 2個(3%)接受益生菌的嬰兒及3/4 0個(8%) 接受無效劑的嬰兒有診斷出胃-食道逆流疾病。在接受益 生菌的32個嬰兒中沒有一個對牛乳過敏,而3/40姑(8 %)接受無效劑的嬰兒對牛乳有過敏。整體而言,在出生 -27- (25) (25)1374745 到12個月大之內,4/3 2個(13%)接受益生菌的嬰兒及 8/40個(20% )接受無效劑的嬰兒患有特應性濕疹。2/32 個(6%)接受益生菌的嬰兒及3/4 0個(8%)接受無效 劑的嬰兒經診斷出特硬性過敏。本硏究中補充益生菌的嬰 兒在本硏究期間沒有經歷過2次以上的胃腸感染。 在年齡爲3個月大時的LGG之糞便回收與出生至7 個月大期間的感染風險之間的關係也有進行評估。此等結 果呈現在表4之中。
-28- (26) 1374745 表4:年齡爲3個月大時LGG之糞便回收與出生至7個月 大期間的感染風險之間的關係之評估 ______ 陽性 ίη=23) 陰性 (η=22) RR (95%CI ) 呼吸感染 15(65%) 18(82%) 0.68(0.19-1.21) P = 0.31 一 AOM 4(17%) 10(45%) 30(0.06〜1.1 3) p = 0.0 5 7 __ 抗生素使用 7(30%) 12(5 5%) 46(0.12-1.27) p = 0.1 4 復發性呼吸感染 1(4%) 2(9%) 47(0.01〜6.95) P = 〇61__ 復發性AOM 0(0%) 2(9%) 0_3 8(N/A〜5.05) P = 〇 . 23 __ 復發性抗生素使用 0(0%) 5(23%) 0· 1 2(N/A 〜0.94) p=0.022
在益生菌補充之前,在1 2/46個嬰兒中於糞便中測試 出LGG,其中8/28個(29%)係在益生菌組,而4/18個 (22%)係在無效劑組。在介入前的糞便中測試出LGG 不能與一般感染、呼吸感染、A 0M或胃腸感染相關聯》 也對在任何年齡的抗生素使用沒有影響。在3個月大時, 亦即,在最少1個月的益生菌補充之後,在21/28個(75 %)接受益生菌的嬰兒即在2/17個(12%)接受無效劑 -29- (27) 1374745 «
的嬰兒有測出LGG,ρ<0·00〇ΐ。再者,此時期在糞便中 發現LGG與在年齡7個月大時,遭遇至少一次ΑΟΜ事件 的風險之減低有關聯;有4/23個(17%)的嬰兒對LGG • 有陽性反應,且有]0/22個(45% )的嬰兒有陰性反應。 * 在3個月大時,糞便測出有LGG也表示對復發性感染的 抗拒:2/2 3個(9%)的嬰兒有陽性反應,且有10/2 2個 (45% )嬰兒有陰性反應,和降低對抗生素的復發性需 φ 求:在7個月大時,0/23個(〇%)嬰兒有陽性反應且 5/2 2個(23%)嬰兒有陰性反應。 本說明書中引述的所有參考資料,包括但不限於.、所 有論文、公報、專利、專利申請、發表、教科書、報告、 ' 手寫本、手冊、書籍、網路資料、期刊論文、期刊及類似 - 者以其全文以引用方式包含在本說明書之中。於本文中對 該等參考資料的討論僅爲摘述出作者所作主張而不是承認 任何參考資料係構成先前技術。申請人保留挑戰所引參考 φ 資料的正確性和恰當性之權利。 熟諳此技者可對本發明作出此等與其他修飾與變異, 而不違離在後附申請專利範圍中特別宣示出的本發明旨意 與範圍。此外,應該理解者,各具體實例所含諸方面可以 全部或部份互換》再者,熟諳此技藝者會理解,前面的說 明係僅作爲範例,而無意限制在此等後附申請專利範圍中 所述的本發明。所以,後附申請專利範圍的旨意和範圍不 應受到其中所含較佳形式的說明所限制。 -30- (28) (28)1374745 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1爲說明補充益生菌對於在生命最初一年內AOM 事件發展的影響之圖解。 圖2爲說明補充益生菌對於在生命最初一年內呼吸道 感染發展的影響之圖解。
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Claims (1)
1374745 月翁 補, .修正 附件5A :第094122170號申請專利範圍修正本 民國1〇|每: 申請專利範圍 1. —種乳酸雙歧桿菌 Bb-12( Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 )和鼠李糖乳桿菌 GG ( Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG)之組合於製備供介於出生至約1歲之間的嬰兒減低 呼吸感染或復發性呼吸感染之發生的藥劑之用途,其中乳 # 酸雙歧桿菌Bb-12和鼠李糖乳桿菌GG之每日給予量係介 於約105至lO^cfu之間,且其中乳酸雙歧桿菌Bb-12和 鼠李糖乳桿菌GG之比例係介於約1 0 : 1至1 : 1 0之間。 2. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之用途,其中該呼吸感染 係選自上呼吸道感染、流行性感冒、哮吼、呼吸道合胞病 毒、支氣管炎、細支氣管炎或肺炎。 3 ·根據申請專利範圍第1項之用途,其中該乳酸雙歧 桿菌 Bb-12和鼠李糖乳桿菌 GG之量皆介於約1〇6至 • 1 0 8 c f u 之間。 4.根據申請專利範圍第1項之用途,其中該乳酸雙歧 桿菌Bb-12與鼠李糖乳桿菌GG之比例係介於約5 : 1至 1 : 5之間。 5. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之用途,其中該乳酸雙歧 桿菌Bb-12與鼠李糖乳桿菌GG之比例係約1 : 1。 6. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之用途,其中該乳酸雙歧 桿菌Bb-12和鼠李糖乳桿菌GG係摻入嬰兒配方中。 7. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之用途,該藥劑進一步包 1374745 含至少一種前生素(益菌素)^ 8. 根據申請專利範圍第7項之用途,其中該前生素係 選自半乳糖-寡醣、菊澱粉、果糖·寡醣 '乳酮糖、新糖類 (neosugars)或彼等的組合》 9. 一種乳酸雙歧桿菌Bb-12和鼠李糖乳桿菌GG之組 合於製備供介於出生至約7個月之間的嬰兒預防或治療急 性中耳炎或復發性急性中耳炎的藥劑之用途,其中乳酸雙 歧桿菌Bb-12和鼠李糖乳桿菌GG之每日給予量係介於約 105至lO^cfu之間,且其中乳酸雙歧桿菌Bb-12和鼠李糖 乳桿菌GG之比例係介於約1 0 : 1至1 : 1 0之間。 10. 根據申請專利範圍第9項之用途,其中該乳酸雙 歧桿菌Bb-12和鼠李糖乳桿菌GG之量皆介於約1〇6至 108cfu 之間。 11. 根據申請專利範圍第9項之用途,其中該乳酸雙 歧桿菌Bb-12與鼠李糖乳桿菌GG之比例係介於約5: 1 至1 : 5之間。 12. 根據申請專利範圍第9項之用途’其中該乳酸雙 歧桿菌Bb-12與鼠李糖乳桿菌GG之比例係約1 : 1。 13. 根據申請專利範圍第9項之用途’其中該乳酸雙 歧桿菌Bb-12和鼠李糖乳桿菌GG係摻入嬰兒配方中。
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CN101014351B (zh) | 2011-08-24 |
BRPI0512584A (pt) | 2008-03-25 |
NO20072906L (no) | 2007-06-07 |
HK1111883A1 (en) | 2008-08-22 |
CN101014351A (zh) | 2007-08-08 |
NO341408B1 (no) | 2017-10-30 |
TW200612971A (en) | 2006-05-01 |
RU2332224C1 (ru) | 2008-08-27 |
US20060018890A1 (en) | 2006-01-26 |
EP1768681A1 (en) | 2007-04-04 |
MY145410A (en) | 2012-02-15 |
CA2570481A1 (en) | 2006-01-19 |
KR20070052246A (ko) | 2007-05-21 |
CA2570481C (en) | 2014-09-09 |
WO2006007526A1 (en) | 2006-01-19 |
MXPA06014555A (es) | 2007-03-23 |
US7862808B2 (en) | 2011-01-04 |
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