TWI359067B - Method of separating and cleaning of post consumer - Google Patents

Method of separating and cleaning of post consumer Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI359067B
TWI359067B TW97122606A TW97122606A TWI359067B TW I359067 B TWI359067 B TW I359067B TW 97122606 A TW97122606 A TW 97122606A TW 97122606 A TW97122606 A TW 97122606A TW I359067 B TWI359067 B TW I359067B
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TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
veil
carpet
nylon
group
post
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TW97122606A
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English (en)
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TW200930535A (en
Inventor
Taylor Hoover George Jr
Keith Roark Milton
Francis Mcsheehy Brendan Jr
Benjamin Studholme Matthew
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Universal Fibers Inc
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Publication of TW200930535A publication Critical patent/TW200930535A/zh
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Publication of TWI359067B publication Critical patent/TWI359067B/zh

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Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01GPRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G11/00Disintegrating fibre-containing articles to obtain fibres for re-use
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/0026Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics by agglomeration or compacting
    • B29B17/0042Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics by agglomeration or compacting for shaping parts, e.g. multilayered parts with at least one layer containing regenerated plastic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02Separating plastics from other materials
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F13/00Recovery of starting material, waste material or solvents during the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F13/04Recovery of starting material, waste material or solvents during the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06HMARKING, INSPECTING, SEAMING OR SEVERING TEXTILE MATERIALS
    • D06H7/00Apparatus or processes for cutting, or otherwise severing, specially adapted for the cutting, or otherwise severing, of textile materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02Separating plastics from other materials
    • B29B2017/0213Specific separating techniques
    • B29B2017/0217Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor
    • B29B2017/0224Screens, sieves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02Separating plastics from other materials
    • B29B2017/0213Specific separating techniques
    • B29B2017/0217Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor
    • B29B2017/0227Vibratory or shaking tables
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02Separating plastics from other materials
    • B29B2017/0213Specific separating techniques
    • B29B2017/0279Optical identification, e.g. cameras or spectroscopy
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02Separating plastics from other materials
    • B29B2017/0213Specific separating techniques
    • B29B2017/0286Cleaning means used for separation
    • B29B2017/0289Washing the materials in liquids
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2077/00Use of PA, i.e. polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/065Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts containing impurities
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/26Scrap or recycled material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/732Floor coverings
    • B29L2031/7322Carpets
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y02P70/62Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product related technologies for production or treatment of textile or flexible materials or products thereof, including footwear
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/52Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/66Disintegrating fibre-containing textile articles to obtain fibres for re-use
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S8/00Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
    • Y10S8/92Synthetic fiber dyeing
    • Y10S8/924Polyamide fiber
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S8/00Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
    • Y10S8/93Pretreatment before dyeing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S8/00Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
    • Y10S8/93Pretreatment before dyeing
    • Y10S8/931Washing or bleaching
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2929Bicomponent, conjugate, composite or collateral fibers or filaments [i.e., coextruded sheath-core or side-by-side type]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2964Artificial fiber or filament
    • Y10T428/2967Synthetic resin or polymer
    • Y10T428/2969Polyamide, polyimide or polyester

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Carpets (AREA)

Description

1359067 » • r. 九、發明說明: '· 【發明所屬之技術領域】 . 本發明係關於一種回收及再利用消費後地毯的製程。 更特別地,其係關於一種回收及再利用消費後地毯之面纱 的製程。該回收及再利用之面紗可進一步用來生產紗線, ": 用於紡織品及鋪地織品兩者之應用。該回收及再利用之面 - 紗也可用來生產用於其它非紗線相關應用之商品,例如射 ^ 出成型商品。 【先前技術】 在過去二十年間,家庭及公共團體使用之地毯逐漸地 使用合成局分子材料製成,而當其使用壽命結束時,關於 此種鋪地織品之處理形成—重大問題。此種廢棄物之處理 可用數種方式達成。兩種方式為:掩埋在一垃圾掩埋場、 或在一焚化爐設備中焚毁。在美國,估計有五十億磅之地 毯廢棄物傾倒於垃圾掩埋場中。垃圾掩埋場地點逐漸變得 稀有且使用昂貴。最近之研究也提出座落於靠近都市地區 的垃圾掩埋場會造成地方人口的健康問題。廢棄物之焚化 也成為許多環境抗議的主題,包括來自公眾及一些科學團 體兩者。並且’來自廢棄塑膠之焚化而回收的能源極低, 特別是對於此種廢料之體積而言。 S亥專製成地毯之大多數成分具有可回收或可再使用的 可能性。因此,除了傾倒在垃圾掩埋場或焚化爐外,尚有 替代之選擇’而處理廢棄塑勝之最受歡迎的選擇係將其回 1359067 收作為其它材料及/或產品。然 —個簡單的選項。象然「塑膠 ^見的是,這不是 相同之材料的—單一術語,但;的么眾認知係描述實質上 實,且哕望ΤΓ ‘、、、知本技術者知道並甘非塞 料4不同麵之_不會輕易地結=並非事 句一之早一材料。在不分類或加入1 起以2成 赝衆物流的再加工一定會造成低價值之材料。在許多 中,所涉及之該裝置的成本以及該支出之能源不能自 銷售該產品上收回。為了從回收材料生產具工業價值的材 料,必須應用大量之專門技術,且必須具有已知及一致之 内各物的特定廢棄物流。 見代地毯一般而言由三個多要成分組成。首先,必須 ,有礒面紗,其可能具有許多不同之纖維類型或其混合物 斤、且成。其次,具有一主要底希(該紗線係固定於其上,或 織於其中),其最普遍一聚酯或—聚烯烴之一編 編織66她 於/叼織物。第三,具有一第,層底布。該第二層底布用 :形成錄建構之主要重量,真其通常係疊層至該簇絨地 〇 諸 '^第二層底布可能為一薄層或發泡材料,其通常包含 '— 窃 ν 材料的 chl〇 之教粒無機礦物填充物。作為該第. 一層底布之基底 範例為聚烯烴、聚胺酯、聚氯乙烯(PVC,“Polyvinyl 、J瀝青、及乳膠。 過去已有各種嘗試在不需頊先分離該等成分下回收地 毯廢Μ 叶。屬於Ikeda Bussan之日本專利第60 2〇6 808號描 、讀廢棄地毯磨成粉,與乙歸一醋酸乙烯酯以約50:50 切%合,並軋光以形成供地毯用途之一底布薄層。該 軋光係在低溫下進行’因此該纖維成分不會融化,而是僅 分散於該整個產品中。屬於㈤lins與Aikman之美國專利 第5 ’ 72 8,7 41號中請-類似之方法’但在此實例中該廢料係 ^軋光前在高溫下壓出,致使所有成分·並在該融化狀 恶下混合。其它專利提及未分離地毯廢料之回收,但其使 用順丁烯二酸聚烯烴及/或乙烯一醋酸乙烯酯作為相容 Μ例如,參見屬於Teijin之曰本專利第287 139號; 屬於Toyota / Mitsubishi之曰本專利第〇5 293 828號;及屬 於Lear公司之美國專利第5,719,198號。屬於喬治亞理工 (Georgia Tech.)之美國專利第5,626,939號採取一低能量之 方法,其以熱固性樹脂前驅物良好混合切碎之地毯廢料, 並將該產生之混合物塑形及交聯而成「合成木」。該等上述 製程沒有一個可造成適合製造纖維或紗線之一融化可紡炒 的產品。 其他發明者已設法於再利用前分離廢料地毯之該等成 分,如同分離產品流一般。該等方法主要包含將該地毯裁 剪、撕碎、及粒化’然後以旋風器、流體旋風器、或變化 密度液體浮選浴來分離該等各種聚合物成分。例如:參見 屬於Hagguist與Hume之美國專利第5,230,473號;屬於 JPS汽車之美國專利第5,518,188號;屬於BASF公司之美 國專利第5,535,945號;屬於Zimmer A.G.之美國專利第 5,598,980號;屬於AlliedSignal / DSM之美國專利第 5,722,603號。先前技術也已建議溶解方法;例如:喬治亞 理工之美國專利第5,233,021號描述一超臨界流體方法之 1359067 使用,其中利用溫度及壓力之變化來連續地溶解該廢料地 ,毯之該等各種成分。另一替代之方法係使用於包含尼龍6 之地毯,其自該地毯廢料直接回收己内醯胺,如屬於Basf 公司之美國專利第5,169,870號,及屬於DSM之美國專利 第5,668,277號中所描述。類似的努力為自尼龍66及尼龍 ' 之混合物回收單體’例如:屬於E.I. DuPont de Nemours公 - 司之美國專利第5,526,694號及第5,468,900號。接著,來 籲 自該等製程之該等回收單體可再聚合以產生可作進一步纖 維紡紗之聚合物。該等上述分離製程在很多實例中極為複 雜,其包含數個階段,且顯然需要花費資金在其實施上。 也應注意的是,在許多該等方法中,自該分離製程僅可獲 得種可用之產品,且仍然有處理來自該製造製程之該等 其它殘留物的問題。 ' 消費後地毯面紗之分析已指出,依照該地毯使用期間 ^暴露程度而會出現各種污染物。可能需要移除不想要之 籲㈣物以使該回收面紗可再使用於—纖維紡紗製程中,該 等 >可染物包括(但不限於):沙子、纖維素(例如:以木或紙 之形式)、乳膠、橡膠、地毯底布材料、石膏及其它建築材 料。其它可能之污染物包括來自寵物、人類之毛髮、及紡 織纖、、隹、以及蔬菜物質。所有該等污染物相較於個別之地 毯紗線細絲的尺寸通常為極大「粒子」尺寸的固體。該等 /亏染物必須在該回收材料適用於纖維紡紗前移除,特別是 該等不會在該將再利用之聚合物的纖維擠壓溫度時融化之 染物,或是該等與該將再利用之聚合物不相容的污染 1359067 物。融化擠壓纖維紡紗方法一般而言合併精密過濾作為該 製程之部分,致使大粒子污染物可自該等成形纖維排除。 該大粒子污染物之存在減少了該等成形纖維之強度,使其 不適合用於大多數之地毯或紡織應用。此外,高度之污染 物(特別是大粒子尺寸)造成擠壓機之過濾壽命變短,因此 該纖維紡纱製程因為需要非常頻繁地更換過濾篩而不合經 濟效益。 在本發明前,尚未有不使用該等不受歡迎之解聚合及 再聚合的方法而適用於地毯面紗之回收及再使用的方法, 其適合使用於一融化擠壓纖維紡紗中,以製造地毯或紡織 紗線。 產生具足夠淨度之回收消費後地毯紗線的方法已被發 現,其使該回收產品可經濟地進一步使用於地毯紗線之製 造上,’而不會造成所生產紗線之物理性質的有害損失。 【發明内容】 依據本發明,面紗係從消費後地毯使用一刮刨裝置而 刮刨出以提供刮刨後之面紗、將該刮刨後之面紗縮小尺 寸、使用機械篩選器去除污染物、融化過濾該刮刨、縮小 並經篩選後之面紗、然後紡成纖維。 【實施方式】 本發明之方法最初由該面紗之化學特性的鑑別組成。 該面紗可能具有數個不同之類型,其包括(但不限於):聚 9 1359067 丙烯、聚酯(例如:聚對苯二曱酸乙二酯及聚對苯二曱酸丙 一酯)、聚乳酸、聚酿胺(例如:尼龍6及尼龍66)、或天然 纖維(例如:羊毛)。 樣本可使用各種實驗室分析技術取出並分析,包括濕 式化學方法及儀器技術兩者。較佳地,可使用一可攜式咬 手持式鐘別裝置’以及更佳地可使用一近紅外線(NIR)光譜 儀’其係特別設計用於在該領域之塑膠廢料之鑑別。 一旦該面紗類型經鑑別並依化學特性分類而使該類型 為一類型居多,則下一步驟為自該地毯底布分離該面紗, 因此該分離之面紗包含少於5%之底布材料並較佳地少於 2%底布材料。該分離面紗最佳地包含少於〇.5%之底布材 料。此種分離可用一刮刨、分割、剪切製程來達成,其刮 去該面紗但不移除與該面紗在一起之大量的該地毯底布材 料。商業上可得之地毯剪切機器可用於此種目的或可能作 適當地修正以供最適宜之使用。其它地毯處理裝置之修正 也可用於此種目的上,其包括(但不限於)用於面對面編織 或炫化勝合之分割裝置(參考文獻:「地毯製造」(Carpet MAnufacture),G.H. Crawshaw 著,Chaucer Press 公司,2002 年)。一替代且較佳之方法為使用一皮革分割機器,其普遍 用於該皮革製革產業’用於分割自然或合成皮革來形成一 所欲之厚度。一皮革分割機器一般而言由兩個相對之滾筒 組成。該皮革通過該等兩個滾筒並運送至安排在該等兩個 滾筒間之地區中的一分割刀片。相對於該分割刀片之該等 滾筒的位置可經修正以獲得某一厚度之皮革。該地毯之堆 1359067 疊高度及該底布之厚度可自一片地毯至 〜地毯而變化, 其依照該地毯之設計及建構而定。因此,卷地毯而變 割」或「刮刨」該面紗時,可適當調整相二=該地毯「分 之該等滚筒的位置,因此可移除最大量之讀於=分割刀片 去任何該地毯底布。 ”面紗而不刮匈 接著,於再壓擠成纖維前清洗該已 紗。該較佳之方法包含該機械筛選裝置之最、分離之面 離之面紗的尺寸縮減有益於之後污染物移☆初使用。.該分 減製程期間該面紗之機械攪拌可自該面紗=、豕在該尺寸縮 因此有助於污染物之移除。該尺寸縮減等污染物 絞、賴、或旋轉之紗線,其可釋放出陷^解開了扭 結構的污染物。-高速度、低強度之研磨機絞紗線 在談尺寸縮減製程中所生之磨擦熱為最小,致 致使 不會大幅受到機械性或熱衰解。該研磨機適合用子合物 吋至3/4吋間的一篩,且較佳地為3/16吋至7/16=在Η8 該尺寸縮減之面紗以一旋風器進料至 ^ 中。在此運送製程中,懸浮於空中之域可用置 該進料流中移除。該較隹之筛選器類型係最合適風裔自 輕或大體積之材料的篩選器,例如(但不限於).、回;=理 往復篩、旋轉一往復篩。也可使用振動篩。另一旆、、 該迴轉篩類型之修正,其中該篩係固定,且該材、擇為 旋轉錐通過一多孔圓柱篩進料。一篩之開口或孔=係以一 1/8吋至3/4吋及較佳地為3/16吋至7/16吋之—^大小為 該孔洞大小之選擇係由在該研磨篩上之孔徑決。尺^寸。 、疋。該等污 11 1359067 •染物遂過該痛中之該等孔洞移除。該篩選之面紗自該圓柱 - 之尾端釋出。減壓流或真空可應用於該篩之外側以提高自 該面紗移除該專污染物的效率。 該機械篩選之面紗現較佳地進一步以—水分離方法或 清洗製蘀清潔或洗滌。該面紗較佳地在高溫下使用或不使 ' 用表面活性劑清洗。若使用表面活性劑,較佳為陰離子基 ' 表面活性劑在氧化還原環境下也可使用一高酸驗值(pH) 鲁條件,然而使用該等條件不應造成該面紗在該清洗製程期 間大幅退化。該高PH值條件可用加入一強鹼來達成,包 括(但不限於).氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、氫氧化銨、碳酸鈉 或钾、或鱗酸二鈉、或其混合物。可藉由加入如二氧化硫 脲以達成選擇性所使用之一漂白環境。氧化漂白條件可經 由次氟酸鹽、過氧化氫、或氯酸鈉之使用來達成。商業洗 滌裝置玎用於此種洗滌目的。另一不限制之選項係使用一 加壓容器’致使該溫度可增加至該沸點之上以改良清潔效 • 率並減少清洗次數。若使用一高pH值條件,較佳為在乾 燥前以該清洗液中和並走梭(race)該面紗。若有需要,此清 - 洗製程也可在該研磨及機械筛選前進行。 : 該實質上無污染物之面紗可轉換成一顆粒或圓球之形 > 式。顆粒形成製程包括(但不限於):使用一 Netzsch-Condux 塑膠壓實機(Netzsch-Condux Plastocompactor)或加州製粒 機(Californiapellet Mill)、融化擠壓、或其一組合《粒子成 形製程包括融化擠壓製程,其包含適當地使用硬塞或壓實 設備將該材料進料至一融化複合擠壓機以改良進料效率、 12 1359067 使用一線上過濾系統過濾該融化材料,接著形成冷卻之股 繩,然後形成粒子。也可成功地使用針對某種聚合物類型 之水中製粒機,其去除了將該回收材料絞股的需要。之後, 該回收材料可用來進一步製備可用於紡織及地板材料應用 兩者之合成纖維。 該待纖維擠壓處理之回收材料藉由在一先導規模單螺 融化擠壓機纖維紡紗生產線上進行一融化過濾測試來分 析。一過濾筛組放置於該纖維紡嘴之上,該過濾篩組包含 一 80x700之荷蘭斜紋織法篩及較粗篩孔之支撐篩。該 80x700荷蘭斜紋織法篩具一 25微米之理論滯留及一 “至 36微米之絕對滯留;(參考文獻:編織金屬絲布參考書 (Woven Wire Cloth Reference Book) ’ Haven 與 Boecker 著, 1990年)。一壓力轉換器係引用於該篩組之上。在一相對黏 度(RV) 3.1之未用pa66中之各種比例的回收混合物係使用 此設定來製備及測試,並監測該壓力。 範例1(非發明) 商用之回收工業消費後融化擠壓生產線係以未用尼 龍6樹脂淨化。尼龍66地毯面紗,其自消費後地毯刮刨, 使用一皮革分割機器係以一運送裝置在一理論速率5〇〇 lbs/小時下進料至一單螺擠壓機之進料頸。該尼龍融化物通 過筛組作線上過滤,該篩組包含具較粗_孔之支撐孔篩 的一 325平方孔篩。該325平方之孔篩具_ 43微米之開口 大小。該線上過渡係該手動更換過濾篩之類型。在該過遽 13 1359067 器上之壓力上升係非常快速, ^ ^ ^ ^ U此在該回收材料充分清除 壓' 超過該過據器之操作極限。該擠 淨化’且包含具較粗支撐筛之8〇 :方師孔的-較粗篩_安裝於該線上過遽器内。該⑼平 =孔過㈣具一 18〇微米之開口大小。該尼該地毯面 二再次f枝職麵中。在該尼龍6 _自該擠壓機清 示出之别’堡力再次超過該線上過㈣之操作極限。該擠 壓機係以未MU 6來淨化,且包含3 χ 2()平方孔筛之一 更粗的篩組係安裝於該線上過•中。該2()平方_孔過滤 器之-開口大小在860及910微米間。該尼龍66面紗再次 進料至該㈣射。.在該過濾H上之壓力上升率約為〇 〇3 psi/ gram。 範例2(非發明) 範例1之粒子產品以具相對黏度(RV)31之未用pa66 • 在25%至75%之一重量比下混合,並乾燥至500 ppm之濕 度。該粒子混合物在一單螺融化複合擠壓機上作進一步處 理,該擠壓機裝配一線上自動過濾篩更換器。該過濾孔= 小為75微米。該已過濾之融化物經絞股並製成粒子。該等 :· 污染物的程度係如此大,以致無法使用小於75微米之過淚 孔大小而不超過該機器之操作極限。 “ 範例3(發明) 尼龍66地毯面紗,其以一類似範例i之方式自消費後 14 1359067 地毯到刨,在裝配一 5/16忖孔篩之一 Cumberland製粒器 中縮減其尺寸。將該尺寸縮減之材料輸送至一旋風器。接 著,該面紗以一旋轉閥進料至在一多孔圓柱篩内包含一旋 轉錐的一篩選器。污染物經由該篩在減壓下去除,且該面 紗以該錐經由一第二旋轉閥輸送並收集。使用一 Condux 塑膠壓實機將該收集之面紗密化。該密化之面紗在一生產 纖維紡紗線上與未用尼龍66在一 5:95之比例下混合。使 用一線上過濾器,其包含類似使用於該融化過濾試驗中之 一過濾篩組。吾人得到一約5小時之過濾器壽命。 範例4(發明) 尼龍66地毯面紗,其以一類似範例1之方式自消費後 地毯到刨,在配有一 5/16忖孔篩之一 Cumberland製粒機 中縮減尺寸。該紗線以類似範例3之方式作進一步處理, 除非該面紗生產量減少,且使用一較高之真空自該篩選器 移除污染物。 範例1及2之粒子材料、範例3及4之密化回收、及 範例5之去污染物的面紗係使用上述之融化過濾試驗來評 估。將該等結果在表一以圖表表示。自範例3、4、及5之 回收材料較範例1及2提供大幅降低之過濾壓力上升,其 指出在該地毯面紗中污染物之移除可有效生產出一能紡成 地毯纖維之產物。 範例5(發明) 15 1359067 尼龍66地毯面紗係以類似範例3之一方式自消費後之 地毯刮刨、縮減尺寸、以及作機械式篩選。接著,用汰潰 (Tide® ’寶僑公司(Proctor and Gamble)之註冊商標)洗衣精 及高樂氏(Clorox®,高樂氏化學公司(cl〇r〇x chemical Company)之註冊商標)漂白劑在一商業洗淨機器中清洗該 紗線。該已清潔之紗線用該融化過遽器試驗來測試。壓力 上升大幅少於範例3及4 ’其表示在污染物移除之效率下 一水性清洗製程之額外優勢。 範例6(發明) 尼龍66地毯面紗係以一類似範例3之方式自消費後地 毯刮刨、縮減尺寸、並作機械式篩選。該機械式篩選之紗 線用一加州製粒機密化。該密化之材料進料至裝配一線上 融化過濾系統的一雙螺融化擠壓機中。該融化物通過一 60 孔篩過濾並粒化。對該粒子材料作該融化過濾試驗。該等 結果表示於表一中。 表一 ^ 範例號碼 未用PA66中之 回收面紗 壓力上升/psi/gram 1 5% __ 3.20 2 5% 1.10 3 2% -一 0.60 16

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  1. 丄359067 十、申請專利範圍: 修正版修正日期一 種以回收消費後地毯紗線製造合成纖維組合物的製 程,該製程包含: a. 藉由使用—剩裝置自消費後地毯賴面紗來提 供已刮刨之面紗; b. 縮減該已刮包(|之面紗的該等尺寸. c. 藉由使用機械式筛選器自該面紗移除污染物; d. 使用-水性清洗製程進—步自該面紗移除污染 物; e. 融化過濾該面紗;及 f. 纖維紡紗該已融化過濾之面紗。 2.2請專利範圍第1項之製程,其中該刮《置係-皮 革分割機器。 3.如申請專利範圍第1項之贺益,甘 、里m 項之裏私’其中該機械式篩選器係 ^擇自由具旋轉錐之靜止_、往復_、旋轉—往復筛、 及振動篩組成之群組。 請專利範㈣1項之製程,其中該回收消費後地毯 :、線:選擇自由尼龍6、尼龍66、聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯、 5 ^本二f酸丙H乳酸、及聚丙烯組成之該群組。 5.如申請專利範圍第Μ之製程,其中該剩之紗線包含 少於2%之底布材料。 \種用回收消費後地毯紗線來製造一合成纖維組合物之 製程,該製程包含·· 13-59067 修正版修正日期:2011/11/29 a. 藉由使用一刮刨裝置自消費後地毯刮刨面紗以提 供已刮刨之面紗; b. 減少該已刮刨之面紗的該等尺寸; c. 藉由使用機械式篩選器自該已刮刨之面紗中移除 污染物; d. 融化過濾該已刮刨之面紗;及 e. 纖維紡紗該已融化過濾刮刨之面紗。 7. 如申請專利範圍第6項之製程,其中該刮刨裝置係一皮 革分割機器。 8. 如申請專利範圍第6項之製程,其中該機械式篩選器係 選擇自由具旋轉錐之靜止篩、往復筛、旋轉一往復篩、 及振動篩組成之該群組。 9. 如申請專利範圍第6項之製程,其中該回收消費後地毯 紗線係選擇自由尼龍6、尼龍66、聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯、 聚對苯二曱酸丙二酯、聚乳酸、及聚丙烯組成之該群組。 10. 如申請專利範圍第6項之製程,其中該已刮刨之紗線包 含少於5%之地毯底布材料。 11. 一種合成纖維組合物,包含一混合物: a) 回收的消費後地毯紗線,其包含少於5%之地毯 底布材料’及 b) —纖維成形熱塑性樹脂, 其中該混合物提供等於或小於0.6 psi/gm之一壓力 上升,當該混合物係: (i)包含該回收的消費後地毯紗線2 wt°/〇,及 19 13*59067 修正版修正日期:2011/11/29 (ii)接受一融化過濾試驗,於一先導規模單螺擠壓 機上使用一荷蘭斜紋織法過濾篩80x700名義 上的篩目來計數。 12. 如申請專利範圍第11項之合成纖維組合物,其中該回 收的消費後地毯紗線係選擇自由尼龍6、尼龍66、聚對 苯二曱酸乙二酯、聚對苯二甲酸丙二酯、聚乳酸、及聚 丙烯組成之該群組。 13. 如申請專利範圍第11項之合成纖維組合物,其中該纖 維成形熱塑性樹脂係選擇自由尼龍6、尼龍66、聚對苯 二甲酸乙二酯、聚對苯二甲酸丙二酯、聚乳酸、及聚丙 烯組成之該群組。 20
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