TWI300857B - Iodine-type polarizing plate - Google Patents
Iodine-type polarizing plate Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI300857B TWI300857B TW090121951A TW90121951A TWI300857B TW I300857 B TWI300857 B TW I300857B TW 090121951 A TW090121951 A TW 090121951A TW 90121951 A TW90121951 A TW 90121951A TW I300857 B TWI300857 B TW I300857B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- polarizing plate
- hue
- film
- transmittance
- neutral
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 54
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 4
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001085205 Prenanthella exigua Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- YBQZXXMEJHZYMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diphenylhydrazine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NNC1=CC=CC=C1 YBQZXXMEJHZYMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000255925 Diptera Species 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000166124 Eucalyptus globulus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010036790 Productive cough Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 101100091149 Rattus norvegicus Rnf39 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102100036860 Troponin T, slow skeletal muscle Human genes 0.000 description 1
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical compound C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003667 anti-reflective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- SUSRVDWICGPIOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;phthalic acid Chemical compound C=C.C=C.C=C.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O SUSRVDWICGPIOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920013716 polyethylene resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JNKJTXHDWHQVDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassiotellanylpotassium Chemical compound [K][Te][K] JNKJTXHDWHQVDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000024794 sputum Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000411 transmission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003648 triterpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005570 vertical transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000286895 | 2000-09-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TWI300857B true TWI300857B (en) | 2008-09-11 |
Family
ID=18770747
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW090121951A TWI300857B (en) | 2000-09-21 | 2001-09-05 | Iodine-type polarizing plate |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6606136B2 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP4281261B2 (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR100817459B1 (enExample) |
| TW (1) | TWI300857B (enExample) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104094141A (zh) * | 2012-01-23 | 2014-10-08 | 住友化学株式会社 | 偏振膜及其制造方法以及偏振板 |
| CN105229500A (zh) * | 2013-09-30 | 2016-01-06 | Lg化学株式会社 | 局部具有去偏光区域的偏光板及其制备方法 |
Families Citing this family (43)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6602590B2 (en) | 2001-05-08 | 2003-08-05 | Honeywell International Inc. | Lidding film for modified atmosphere packaging |
| JP3960520B2 (ja) * | 2002-02-05 | 2007-08-15 | 日東電工株式会社 | 偏光子、偏光板および画像表示装置 |
| TWI266907B (en) | 2002-07-24 | 2006-11-21 | Nitto Denko Corp | Polarizing device, optical thin film using the same, and image display device using the same |
| JP3925413B2 (ja) * | 2003-01-16 | 2007-06-06 | 住友化学株式会社 | ヨウ素系偏光フィルム、その製造方法及びそれを用いた偏光板 |
| US20040218118A1 (en) | 2003-02-18 | 2004-11-04 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Dye type polarizing film and dye type polarizer |
| KR100916955B1 (ko) * | 2003-04-21 | 2009-09-14 | 닛토덴코 가부시키가이샤 | 편광자, 그 제조 방법, 편광판, 광학 필름 및 화상 표시장치 |
| JP3957700B2 (ja) * | 2003-04-25 | 2007-08-15 | 日東電工株式会社 | 偏光フィルムの製造方法 |
| JP2005249773A (ja) * | 2004-02-02 | 2005-09-15 | Toyota Motor Corp | レーダ装置ビーム経路内用成形品 |
| TWI372266B (en) * | 2004-05-20 | 2012-09-11 | Fujifilm Corp | Polarizing plate and liquid crystal display |
| JP2008180765A (ja) * | 2007-01-23 | 2008-08-07 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 偏光フィルムの製造方法 |
| JP4803833B2 (ja) * | 2007-10-05 | 2011-10-26 | 日東電工株式会社 | 偏光板の製造方法、偏光板、光学フィルムおよび画像表示装置 |
| KR101718527B1 (ko) * | 2010-04-08 | 2017-04-05 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 편광판 제조 방법, 이를 이용하여 제조된 편광판 및 이를 포함하는 액정 표시 장치 |
| JP5667016B2 (ja) | 2010-09-03 | 2015-02-12 | 日東電工株式会社 | 薄型偏光膜、薄型偏光膜を有する光学積層体、および薄型偏光膜の製造方法 |
| US10160173B2 (en) | 2010-09-09 | 2018-12-25 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Method of producing thin polarizing film involving in-air stretching, underwater stretching, and stretching while drying |
| KR101678507B1 (ko) * | 2013-02-22 | 2016-11-22 | 디아이씨 가부시끼가이샤 | 편광판 |
| US10209418B2 (en) | 2013-04-03 | 2019-02-19 | Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Achromatic polarization element, and polarization plate |
| WO2014162635A1 (ja) | 2013-04-03 | 2014-10-09 | 日本化薬株式会社 | 高透過率を有する無彩色な染料系偏光素子及び偏光板 |
| JP6317334B2 (ja) | 2013-04-03 | 2018-04-25 | 日本化薬株式会社 | 無彩色な染料系偏光素子、及び偏光板 |
| KR102364529B1 (ko) * | 2013-11-21 | 2022-02-17 | 주식회사 쿠라레 | 폴리비닐알코올 필름 |
| JPWO2015111472A1 (ja) | 2014-01-23 | 2017-03-23 | 日本化薬株式会社 | 偏光機能を有する基材を設けた表示装置 |
| TWI620961B (zh) * | 2014-03-26 | 2018-04-11 | Ｌｇ化學股份有限公司 | 具有局部漂白區域的偏光元件、偏光元件捲及單片式偏光元件的製造方法 |
| JP6215864B2 (ja) | 2014-04-25 | 2017-10-18 | 日東電工株式会社 | 偏光子、偏光板および画像表示装置 |
| JP6214594B2 (ja) | 2014-04-25 | 2017-10-18 | 日東電工株式会社 | 偏光子、偏光板および画像表示装置 |
| WO2015186681A1 (ja) | 2014-06-03 | 2015-12-10 | 日本化薬株式会社 | 高透過高偏光度な無彩色偏光板 |
| JP6215261B2 (ja) | 2014-06-27 | 2017-10-18 | 日東電工株式会社 | 長尺状の偏光子、長尺状の偏光板および画像表示装置 |
| TWI569053B (zh) * | 2014-06-30 | 2017-02-01 | Lg 化學股份有限公司 | 偏光板的製造方法、偏光板及影像顯示器 |
| CN107407760B (zh) | 2015-01-30 | 2020-03-31 | 株式会社Lg化学 | 偏光元件 |
| KR101839672B1 (ko) * | 2015-02-12 | 2018-03-16 | 스미또모 가가꾸 가부시키가이샤 | 편광 필름 및 그것을 포함하는 편광판 |
| JP7163000B2 (ja) | 2015-06-25 | 2022-10-31 | 日東電工株式会社 | 非偏光部を有する偏光子 |
| JP6422415B2 (ja) | 2015-09-28 | 2018-11-14 | 日東電工株式会社 | 偏光子、偏光板および画像表示装置 |
| JP6412476B2 (ja) * | 2015-09-28 | 2018-10-24 | 日東電工株式会社 | 偏光子、偏光板および画像表示装置 |
| JP6662739B2 (ja) | 2015-10-06 | 2020-03-11 | 日本化薬株式会社 | 無彩色な偏光素子、並びにこれを用いた無彩色偏光板および液晶表示装置 |
| JP6619619B2 (ja) * | 2015-11-04 | 2019-12-11 | 日東電工株式会社 | 偏光子、偏光板および偏光子の製造方法 |
| HK1255876A1 (zh) | 2016-02-26 | 2019-08-30 | 日本化药株式会社 | 偶氮化合物或其盐以及含有偶氮化合物或其盐的偏振膜 |
| KR20190070920A (ko) | 2016-10-31 | 2019-06-21 | 닛뽄 가야쿠 가부시키가이샤 | 편광 소자, 그리고 이것을 사용한 편광판 및 액정 표시 장치 |
| CN110494780A (zh) | 2017-05-19 | 2019-11-22 | 日本化药株式会社 | 偏光元件以及使用该偏光元件的偏光板及液晶显示装置 |
| TWI801395B (zh) * | 2017-09-13 | 2023-05-11 | 日商日東電工股份有限公司 | 偏光膜、偏光板、偏光板捲材及偏光膜之製造方法 |
| JP7025166B2 (ja) * | 2017-09-28 | 2022-02-24 | 住友化学株式会社 | 偏光板及びその製造方法、並びに表示装置 |
| GB2588763A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2021-05-12 | Flexenable Ltd | Liquid crystal device assembly |
| JP2021092676A (ja) * | 2019-12-11 | 2021-06-17 | 住友化学株式会社 | 偏光板およびその製造方法 |
| KR102593639B1 (ko) * | 2020-03-09 | 2023-10-24 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 편광판 및 이를 포함하는 광학표시장치 |
| JP7504744B2 (ja) * | 2020-10-01 | 2024-06-24 | 住友化学株式会社 | 偏光板及び有機ｅｌ表示装置 |
| KR102471946B1 (ko) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-11-29 | 동우 화인켐 주식회사 | 광학 적층체 및 이의 제조방법과, 이를 포함하는 스마트 윈도우 및 이를 적용한 자동차 또는 건물용 창호 |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4166871A (en) * | 1977-06-29 | 1979-09-04 | Polaroid Corporation | Iodine stained light polarizer |
| JPS6132005A (ja) * | 1984-07-24 | 1986-02-14 | Sharp Corp | 偏光フイルタ |
| EP0297927B1 (en) * | 1987-07-03 | 1994-04-27 | Unitika Ltd. | Polarizing film and process for the production of the same |
| JPH08304624A (ja) | 1995-05-12 | 1996-11-22 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 偏光板及びその製造方法 |
| JP3825508B2 (ja) * | 1996-09-17 | 2006-09-27 | 住友化学株式会社 | ヨウ素系偏光フィルムの製造方法 |
| JP3357803B2 (ja) | 1996-10-30 | 2002-12-16 | タレックス光学工業株式会社 | 眼鏡用偏光膜および偏光眼鏡 |
| JP3368525B2 (ja) * | 1996-12-27 | 2003-01-20 | 住友化学工業株式会社 | 反射型偏光板およびこれを用いた液晶表示装置 |
| JP3368524B2 (ja) * | 1996-12-27 | 2003-01-20 | 住友化学工業株式会社 | 偏光板 |
| JPH11281817A (ja) | 1998-03-31 | 1999-10-15 | Pora Techno:Kk | 偏光フィルム |
| JP2000035512A (ja) * | 1998-07-17 | 2000-02-02 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 偏光フィルム |
| JP2001083328A (ja) | 1999-07-09 | 2001-03-30 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 偏光フィルム |
| JP3680709B2 (ja) * | 1999-07-13 | 2005-08-10 | 住友化学株式会社 | 偏光フィルムの製造方法 |
| JP2001166143A (ja) * | 1999-12-09 | 2001-06-22 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 偏光フィルム |
-
2001
- 2001-05-11 JP JP2001141156A patent/JP4281261B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-09-05 TW TW090121951A patent/TWI300857B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-09-12 US US09/949,641 patent/US6606136B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-09-21 KR KR1020010058548A patent/KR100817459B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104094141A (zh) * | 2012-01-23 | 2014-10-08 | 住友化学株式会社 | 偏振膜及其制造方法以及偏振板 |
| CN105229500A (zh) * | 2013-09-30 | 2016-01-06 | Lg化学株式会社 | 局部具有去偏光区域的偏光板及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4281261B2 (ja) | 2009-06-17 |
| KR20020023154A (ko) | 2002-03-28 |
| KR100817459B1 (ko) | 2008-03-27 |
| US6606136B2 (en) | 2003-08-12 |
| JP2002169024A (ja) | 2002-06-14 |
| US20020063243A1 (en) | 2002-05-30 |
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