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- TWI292368B TWI292368B TW089101638A TW89101638A TWI292368B TW I292368 B TWI292368 B TW I292368B TW 089101638 A TW089101638 A TW 089101638A TW 89101638 A TW89101638 A TW 89101638A TW I292368 B TWI292368 B TW I292368B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/12—Reflex reflectors
- G02B5/122—Reflex reflectors cube corner, trihedral or triple reflector type
- G02B5/124—Reflex reflectors cube corner, trihedral or triple reflector type plural reflecting elements forming part of a unitary plate or sheet
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/12—Reflex reflectors
- G02B5/126—Reflex reflectors including curved refracting surface
- G02B5/128—Reflex reflectors including curved refracting surface transparent spheres being embedded in matrix
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
1292368
降低反射性及/或導致層之剥離。本發明之聚合物多層反射 塗層是有其優點在於其能作成對光以所需之波長譜帶高度 反射,同時也能抵抗不良的環境影響,諸如空氣及/或水分 謗發之腐蝕,已知之無機反射塗層是易於發生者。本發明 之多層反射塗層也可以包括無機及/或非聚合物層配置鄰接 至或介於多層聚合物層,例如,以利助克服已知之無機反 應體塗層之限制藉使其對水,酸,鹼,腐蝕或其他環境降 解更為抵抗性。 本發明之以上及其他優點,將在本發明之圖式及詳細說 明作更詳盡示知及描述。然而,務請了解該描述及圖式是 供例證之目的及不應解讀為限制本發明之範圍於這些例 證。 辭彙解釋 用於此文件中,以次之辭有以次之定義。 ”折射率”是一種材料性質其代表一種電磁波在真空中之 相速度對在該材料中者之比。 ’’光學缔合π意指該反射塗層是位於相對該光學元件是以 透射經該光學元件之光線之大部分能撞擊該反射塗層及反 射回至該光學元件中。 π光學元件π疋光透射元件能改變進入該元件之光之方向 是以該光之至少一部分能最後回至該光源。一種光學元件 之π尺寸”指其特性寬度,深度,高度,或長度。 ”聚合物層”指一層材料其包括有機分子其有多個含碳單 體單元其是以規則或不規則排列連結。 -6- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) Α4規格(210 X 297公釐) 1292368 A7 B7
五、發明説明(6 物。此意指該聚合物將容許光,尤其是光化輕射或能見 光,自其通過。合宜是該聚合物透射於某一定波長投射於 其上之光之強度之至少70 %。更宜是用於本發明之回射板 片之聚合物有光可透性大於80 %,及更宜是大於9〇 〇/。。 圖3示在圖2中藉圓圈3指出之該立方體·角元件之一部分 之放大圖。反射塗層14包括多重聚合物層。作為例證之目 的,圖3示一種反射塗層14,其是由兩種不同的材料之交 替層排列之方層組成,其至少一種是一種聚合物,這些材 料有不同的折射率n η2。雖然圖3中示兩種不同的材料之 六層交替層,該反射塗層可以包括二或更多層,及二或更 多聚合物層之適當組配。合宜是該反射塗層有2至2〇〇層, 及更宜是2至50層。為順從該立方體-角光學元件之輪廓, 每一個別層相對該立方體-角元件高度(立方體-角自基底至 頂點測定之高度)以是薄為佳。在該多層塗層中該個別層有 低於該立方體角元件高度之約10%之厚度,更宜是低於該 立方體-角元件南度之約5 %之厚度。此外,這些層必須有 厚度其是適當於光在所需之波長範圍之反射。選擇在多層 反射塗層中材料之層厚度及折射指數在以下作更詳細討 論。 圖4例證一種珠狀回射物件40,其包括光學元件以微球 30之形態其是部分埋入於一種黏合劑層32中。一種反射塗 層34是配置介於微球層30與黏合劑層32間。可以使用光學 基材層3 6以增加結構支載。配列於圖4中之珠狀回射物件 4 0典型上是指稱為一種,,露出鏡”珠狀回射物件。一種,,
1292368 A7 B7 五、發明説明(11 ) 在其他具體體系中,可能期企反射光之一種特殊色澤, 及在此情況下可以選擇具不同折射率之鄰接層之光學厚度 以大體上以所需之波長谱帶反射光及以大體上透射所需之 波長譜帶之外之光。在這些用途中,藉使用多層在該多層 反射塗層中,宜是5或更多層,更宜是1〇或更多層,典型 上可以獲得以所需之波長譜帶之光之更強烈反射(或該所需 之波長譜帶以外之光之更佳透射)i 根據本發明之具多層反射塗層之回射物件其選擇性反射 某些波長或波長譜帶之光,可以用於在整個物件上均一地 回射所需之波長譜帶以及自該物件之不同區域回射不同的 波長或波長譜帶。例如,在一種物件之一部分上之一種反 射塗層中層厚度及折射率之分布可以作成異於在該相同的 回射物件之另一部分上之一種反射塗層中層厚度及折射率 之分布。以此方式,自該回射物件之不同區域反射之光能 有不同的‘色澤或強度。此能是有用的,例如,當不同色澤 或強度之區域生成影像,文字,字句,記號,或其他標 不。為方便之計使用”色澤”及,,顏色”這些詞及可以指不見 光(是即紅外線,紫外線等)以及可見光之選用波長。 可以使用多種層模式以生成多層反射塗層在根據本發明 之回射物件上。例如,圖3及5示由兩種不同材料之交替層 構成之多層反射塗層,因此生成一種模式(是即Α,Β,Α,Β· ··) 。也可以使用其他層模式,包括那些牽涉三·成分系統(例 如 ’ A,B,C,A,B,C···,A,B,C,B,A,B,C,B···,及其 他)’其他多成分系統,以及沒有總體模式存在之系統。層
1292368 A7 B7 五、發明説明(13 ) 件之整個回射面積與回射物件之光學元件缔合。替代方式 是多層反射塗層可以以不連續方式生成以光學缔合一或更 多多層塗層與光學元件之層之一或更多選定部分。其製作 法可以藉,例如,經一個罩之層沉積及/或自不需要部分塗 覆材料之隨後移除。見,例如,International Publication WO 95/31739(對應美國專利申請09/140,083)。 塗覆多重聚合物層之範例性方法包括在共-呈請及共-待 決之美國專利申請09/259,487(律師目錄NO. 54168USA6A 標題”Method of Coating Microstructured Substrates with Polymeric Layer(s) , Allowing Preservation of Surface Feature Profile)中教導之預-聚合物蒸氣沉積法,該揭露全 部併附於此供參照。簡言之,這些方法包括凝縮一種預-聚 合物蒸氣至一種結構基材上,及硬化在該基材上之物料。 可以使用這些方法以生成聚合物塗層其有受控制之化學組 成及其保留在下面之結構基材之輪廓。以此方式可以施加 相同或不同的材料之多重塗層以在一種多層反射塗層生成 多重聚合物層。此方法提供使用寬廣範圍之材料以生成所 需之厚度之均一塗層與回射物件之光學元件光學缔合之能 力。 製作多層聚合物塗層與回射物件之光學元件光學缔合之 較可取的方法可以包括示於圖7中之塗覆方法之局面。可以 於大氣壓力,選擇性包圍該塗覆區域於一個室118 (例如, 為提供一種清潔環境,為提供一種鈍性大氣,或為其他此 類理由)中,或於減壓在該情況室1 1 8是一個真空室, ____ - 16-___ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(C&S) A4規格(210X297公釐) 1292368 A7 B7
進行該方法。塗覆材料100,以一種液態單體或預·聚合物 供應,可以經由泵104計量進入蒸發器102中。如在以下描 述,該塗覆材料100可以藉數種技術之一蒸發,包括閃蒸發 及載氣碰撞蒸發。合宜是該塗覆材料可以經由選擇性嘴嘴 122霧化成為小點滴,該小點滴是隨後在蒸發器1〇2内蒸 發。選擇性可以使用一種載氣106以霧化該塗覆材料及導該 小點滴經噴嘴122至蒸發器1〇2中。可以經由與該蒸發器 102之加熱壁接觸,藉與該選擇性載氣1〇6(選擇性藉加熱器 108加熱)接觸,或與某些其他加熱表面接觸,進行該液態 塗覆材料或該液態塗覆材料之小點滴之蒸發。供用於蒸發 該液態塗覆材料之任何適當操作是被考慮供用於本發明。 於蒸發後,可以將該塗覆材料10〇導經一個塗覆口型ιι〇 及至該回射物件112之光學元件1Ui。可以選擇性置一個 罩(未示出)於該塗覆口型110與該回射物件112間之塗覆該 光學元件111之選擇部分。選擇性可以使用一種電放電源 120,諸如一種輝光放電源,無聲放電源,電暈放電源等, 預處理該光學元件111之表面。選擇性進行該預處理步驟以 修改表面化學,例如,改良塗覆材料對該回射物件之黏 合,或為其他此類目的。此外,可以如以下討論選擇性以 一種黏合促進劑處理該光學元件1丨丨之表面。 回射物件112合宜是維持於溫度或低於離開該塗覆口型 之單體或預-聚合物蒸氣之凝縮溫度。可以置回射物件 112於鼓114之表面,或不然以暫時關係放置至鼓I"之表
1292368
面。該鼓114容許該回射物件112以選定之速率移動經該塗 覆口型11〇以控制層厚度。也可以維持該鼓114於適當的偏 差溫度以維持該回射物件丨12於或低於該預_聚合蒸氣之凝 縮溫度。 於施加至該光學元件11丨上以後,可以固化該塗覆材料。 對含輻射-可硬化或熱_可硬化之塗覆材料,可以在該塗覆 口型11〇之下游以該鼓迴轉方向(藉箭號124指示)提供一種 硬化源Π6。任何適當的硬化源是被本發明考慮之列,包括 電子束源’紫外線燈,電放電源,熱燈等。 可以配置一種具二或更多不同聚合物層之反射塗層與一 種回射物件112之光學元件ill光學缔合,藉供應至少一種 第二塗覆材料(未示出),於凝縮該第一塗覆材料於該光學 元件111上之後,可以凝縮一種第二塗覆材料在先前已沉積 之層(或多層)上,合宜是在該先前沉積之層(或多層)已硬 化之後。如有需要可以沉積另外的塗覆材料。選擇性使用 適^的方法’現時已知或往後開發者,包括濺射,化學蒸 氣沉積,電鍍,自一種溶劑凝縮及其他此類方法,也可以 沉積無機,有機金屬,及/或非·聚合物層。可以在該聚合 物層生成之前,在該聚合物層生成之後,或在聚合物層 間,沉積這些選擇性層在該光學元件上。 一種特別可取的選擇性層是一種黏合促進劑塗覆介於該 回射物件之光學元件與該多層反射塗層之聚合物層間。可 以選擇黏合促進劑以改良該多層反射塗層與該光學元件間 之黏合。例如,可以使用一種矽烷偶合劑其促進本發明之 -18- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 1292368 A7 B7 五、發明説明(17 ) 晞酸酯類,甲基丙烯酸酯類,丙烯醯胺類,甲基丙烯醯胺 類,乙晞醚類,順· 丁烯二酸酯類,肉桂酸酯類,苯乙晞 類,烯烴類,乙晞基類,環氧類,矽烷類,三聚腈胺類, 羥基官能單體,及胺基官能單體。適當的單體及寡聚物可 以有一個以上之反應性基團,及這些反應性基團可以是具 不同的化學在該相同的分子。可以混合預-聚合物以達成光 學性質之寬廣範圍諸如折射率在該反射塗層之層中。自蒸 氣相塗覆反應性材料至一種已經有化學反應性物種在其表 面上之基材也能是有用,此類反應性物件之例是單體,寡 聚物,起發劑,催化劑,水,或反應性基團諸如羥基,幾 酸,異氰酸酯,丙烯酸酯,甲基丙缔酸酯,乙婦基,環氧 基’冬乙晞基’胺基’三聚氰胺類,及酸類。這些反應可 以疋熱起發或藉輻射硬化’以適合於其化學之起發劑及催 化劑或,在一些情況,不需起發劑或催化劑。當使用一種 以上之預聚合物起始材料時,這些成分可以一起蒸發及沉 積,或其可以自分別的蒸發源蒸發。 可以以大體上均一,大體上連續方式施加沉積之預-聚合 物材料,或可以以不連續方式,例如,作為島嶼其只遮蓋 該光學元件之一選定部分或諸部分,施加它們。 預-聚合物蒸氣沉積法用於生成厚度約〇 〇1微米(//m)至 約50/zm之薄膜是尤其有用。生成較厚層可以藉增加基材暴 露至蒸氣之時間,籍增加流體組合物至霧化器之流量,戈 藉多次暴露該基材至塗覆材料。可以藉添加多重蒸氣源至 該系統,或藉降低該物件輸送經該系統之速率,達成增
1292368
加回射物件對蒸氣之暴露時間。可以藉每一次沉積使用一 種不同的塗覆材料之順序塗層沉積,«沿該基材通過途 徑自不同來源彼此間隔同時沉積材料,生成不同材科之多 層塗層。 於凝縮孩物料在該物件上之後,可以硬化該液態單體或 預-聚合物層。硬化該材料通常包括使用可見光,紫外線輕 射,電子束輻射,離子輻射及/或自由基(如自等離子),或 熱或任何其他適當技術照射在該基材上之材料。當該物件 架置在一個迴轉鼓上時,該照射源合宜是位於單體或預聚 合物蒸氣源之下游是以能連續在㈣面上施加&硬化該塗 覆材料。該基材之多重迴轉然後繼續沉積及硬化單體蒸氣 至層上其是在先前迴轉沉積及硬化者。本發明也考慮與凝 縮同時發生之硬化’例如’當該光學元件有_種材料其當 該液態單體或預聚合物材料接觸其表面謗發硬化反應。因 此,雖然描述作為各別的步驟,凝縮及硬化能暫時地或實 質地一同發生。 表I列«合物及預·聚合物之_些例其可以使用各種方 法配置於於回射物件之光學元件光學缔合。舉列每種材料 之單體及/或自單體製作之聚合物之已知之折射率。藉選擇 這些或其他起始材料其所需之折射率,或其可以血一或多 種其他材料混合以獲得所需之折射率,可以達成不同的折 -21 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CSiS) A4規格(210X297公着) 1292368 A7 B7 五、發明説明(19 )
表I 聚合物或預-聚合物材料 單體之 供應廠商 折射率 (單體) 折射率 (聚合物) 聚(乙烯基莕) Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI) - 1.6818 聚(苯乙婦) Aldrich 1.547 1.592 聚(甲基丙烯酸月桂酯) Aldrich 1.445 1.474 聚(三甲基環己烯) Aldrich 1.456 1.485 聚(五氟苯乙烯) Aldrich 1.406 晒 聚(甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯) Aldrich 1.361 1.437 聚(二溴丙晞) Aldrich 1.5573 聚(甲基丙婦酸芊酯) Aldrich 1.512 1.568 聚(乙二醇苯基醚) Aldrich 1.518 讀 聚(丙婦酸十五氟·乙酯) 3M (St_Paul,MN) 1.328 1.339 聚(丙烯酸鄰-第二-丁基二溴苯酯) 3M 1.562 1.594 乙氧基化三羥甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯 Sartomer (Exton?PA) 1.4695 — 三(2·羥乙基)異氰脲酸酯三丙婦酸酯 Sartomer 1.4489 __ 乙氧基化雙酴A二丙晞酸酯 Sartomer 1.4933 1,6-己二醇二丙埽酸酯 Sartomer 1.456 丙婦酸異辛酯 Sartomer 1.4346 __ 丙晞酸異冰片酯 Sartomer 1.4738 三丙二醇二丙晞酸酯 Sartomer 1.44 麵 其他聚合物其可以是適合者揭示於共-申請及共-待裁決 __-22- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) A7 B7 1292368 五、發明説明(20 ) 之美國專利申請09/259,487(律師目錄NO. 54168USA6A標 題 ’’Method of Coating Microstructured Substrates with Polymeric Layer(s) , Allowing Preservation of Surface Feature Profile)中。 實際說明 在以下進一步說明本發明之優點及目的。然而,請了解 雖然該例係為此目的,但在該例中引述之使用之特殊成分 及用量及其他條件,請勿解釋為限制本發明之範圍於該 例。選用供揭露之例只是例證如何作本發明之各種具體體 系及這些具體體系一般上如何實行這些體系。 將具4 0至90 // m之平均直徑及具1.93之折射率之玻璃微球 部分埋入至一種暫時載體板片中,生成一種基材指稱為珠 衫載體。將該珠衫載體黏貼至一種單體蒸氣塗覆器械諸如 描述於美國專利4,842,893中者之冰冷鋼鼓上。該器械使用 閃蒸發方法以產生預-聚合物蒸氣其使用蒸氣塗覆口型以塗 覆。該蒸氣塗覆口型導該塗覆材料至該珠衫載體上。如此 架設該珠衫載體是以該鼓之迴轉暴露該埋入之微球至,依 序,一個等離子處理器,該蒸氣塗覆口型,及一個電子束 硬化機頭。在一個真空室中進行該沉積。 在維持該冰冷之鋼鼓於-3 0 °C期間蒸發及凝縮丙婦酸第 二· 丁基二溴苯酯(SBBPA),如描述於1nternational Publication WO 98/50805(對應美國專利申請 08/853,998) 中,及三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯(TRPGD A )之交替層至該珠衫 載體上。該SBBPA單體有約1.56之折射率及該1111>(}1)八有 -23 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X 297公釐) 1292368 A7 B7 五、發明説明(21 ) 約1.44之折射率。該鼓以每分鐘3 8公尺(公尺/分)之速率迴 轉以移動該試樣經該等離子處理器,蒸發塗覆口型,及電 子束硬化機頭。施加每分鐘570毫升(毫升/分)之氮氣流至 該2000瓦特等離子處理器。該室溫TRPGDA液流是1.2毫升 /分,及該加熱之SBBPA液流是1.1毫升/分。維持該單體蒸 發器於295 °C,及該蒸氣塗覆口型於285 t。該真空室壓力 是2.2 X 1(Γ4托。該電子束硬化槍使用7.5千伏特之加速電 壓及6毫安培電流。施加該交替層藉開啟該SBBPA單體流閥 在該單體泵為對一鼓回轉然後及關閉該SBBPA單體流閥及 同時開啟該TRPGDA單體流閥為時次一回轉。 重複此程序6 0交替層,每一層是在沉積次一層之前硬 化。然後以約0.7毫米之一種快速硬化,適用環氧黏合劑, 如由ITW Devcon,Danvers, MA以商品名銷售之 POLYSTRATE 5-MINUTE EPOXY,塗覆該以 60 交替層塗 覆之珠衫載體。在剝離該珠衫載體之前容許該環氧黏合劑 於周遭溫度硬化為時1小時以得一種回射物件其有一層玻璃 微珠及一多層反射塗層包含60交替聚合物層配置於微球之 後。 作為一個比較例,將玻璃微球埋入至一個珠衫載體中及 塗覆約0.7毫米之相同的環氧黏合劑但沒有蒸氣沉積聚合物 層至微球上。於硬化該環氧黏合劑1小時後剥除去該載體板 片。藉測定被這些試樣回射之入射光之百分率評估該例及 該比較例之回射。是以作為光在可見光譜(4 0 0 n m至8 0 0 _-24-_ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公釐) 22 1292368 五、發明説明( nm)之波長《函數作該測定。自該有多層反射塗層之例整 個波長範圍《回射是約2.5%至35%,而該沒有多層反射塗 =之比較例整個波長範圍有約15%回射。此指示該多層聚 &物塗層具作為反射器之作用及相對該比較例改進回射 性。 引述之全部專利及專利申請全部併附於本說明書。 可以在未特定描述於本說明書中之任何元件之不存在下 適當地實施本發明。 對精於此技藝者自此處之描述顯然本發明可作各種修訂 及更改而不偏離本發明之範圍及精神。因此,本發明將是 被在申請專利範圍中之限制及任何與其相當者界定。 _____ -25- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CIsiS) A4規格(210X297公釐)
Claims (1)
- 8 8 8 8 A BCD 職專利申請案 中文申請專利範圍替換本(96年8月) 申請專利範卧 1. 一種回射物件,其包含: - — (a) —層光學元件;及 (b) —種反射塗層,其是配置於與該光學元件光學缔 合,孩反射塗層包含多層,其中⑴至少兩層鄰接層具有 差異至少〇·02的折射率,及(u)該反射塗層包括多重聚 合物層,其各有低於該光學元件之平均尺寸之丨〇%之平 均厚度。 根據申請專利範圍第i項之回射物件,其中該光學元件包 括微球或立方體-角元件。 3·根據中請專利範圍第!項之回射物件,其中該反射塗層有 2至200層。 4·根據申請專利範圍第1項之回射物件,其中該反射塗層之 至少兩層鄰接層有折射率,其差異是至少〇 〇5。 5·根據申請專利範圍第i項之回射物件,其中該反射塗層反 射可見光。 6. ,據中請專利範圍第i項之回射物件,其中該反射塗層有 第卩刀及第一邵分,该反射塗層之第一部分有鄰接 層,其有不同的折射率及光學厚度,該光學厚度經選擇 以自該回射物件之第一面積以一種第一選定波長譜帶重 新導引光線,及該反射塗層之第二部分有鄰接層,其有 不同的折射率及光學厚度,該光學厚度經選擇以自該回 射物件之第二面積以一種第二選定波長譜帶重新導引光 線。 7. 根據申請專利範圍第丨項之回射物件,其中該反射塗声 1292368 申请專利範園 包含一種非-聚合物 機介電層,—稀古:其疋一種金屬氧化物層,-種無 8.根據申請專利 屬層,種陶受層。 包含一種聚入你4 、<回射物件,其中該反射塗層另 料其有第二;射第第::射率及,-聚合物材 非-聚合物材料包括一種 :率,又替層,其中該 金屬,或陶竞材料。屬乳化物’播機介電質,有機 9·根據申請專利範園第1項之回射物侔 多層之每-層有低於2 _之平均厚度。、中該反射塗層之 i紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X 297备袭) ^----^---—^
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- 1999-05-27 EP EP99925887A patent/EP1155346B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-05-27 AU AU42088/99A patent/AU4208899A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-05-27 KR KR1020017010844A patent/KR100609302B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-05-27 CN CNB998163651A patent/CN1158545C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-05-27 WO PCT/US1999/011646 patent/WO2000050931A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-05-27 JP JP2000601471A patent/JP2002538485A/ja not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-01-31 TW TW089101638A patent/TWI292368B/zh active
- 2000-04-10 US US09/545,931 patent/US6350034B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-10 US US09/545,952 patent/US6224219B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-07-26 US US09/625,796 patent/US6243201B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-04-12 HK HK02102789.9A patent/HK1043195A1/zh unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1158545C (zh) | 2004-07-21 |
DE69905083T2 (de) | 2003-05-22 |
JP2002538485A (ja) | 2002-11-12 |
US6243201B1 (en) | 2001-06-05 |
KR20010102392A (ko) | 2001-11-15 |
KR100609302B1 (ko) | 2006-08-09 |
EP1155346A1 (en) | 2001-11-21 |
WO2000050931A1 (en) | 2000-08-31 |
CA2362637A1 (en) | 2000-08-31 |
CN1338058A (zh) | 2002-02-27 |
HK1043195A1 (zh) | 2002-09-06 |
US6350034B1 (en) | 2002-02-26 |
DE69905083D1 (de) | 2003-02-27 |
US6224219B1 (en) | 2001-05-01 |
US6172810B1 (en) | 2001-01-09 |
EP1155346B1 (en) | 2003-01-22 |
AU4208899A (en) | 2000-09-14 |
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