TWI290134B - Method and system for carbonylating a carbonylatable reactant in a carbonylation process - Google Patents
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1290134 A7 B7 五、發明説明(1 ) 技術範疇 本發明係關於羰化方法,更明確關於在羰化裝置中螯合 所夾帶或揮發性第VIII族金屬觸媒之方法。 背景技藝 羰化方法在技藝上爲吾人所熟悉。有特別工業意義的方 法爲甲醇羰化產生酸之方法以及乙酸甲酯羰化產生乙酸酐 之方法。參閱應用均相觸媒與有機金屬化合物(Applied Homogeneous Catalyst With Organometallic Compounds),康尼 爾(Cornils)等人編著[本齊版(Bench Edition)][聯邦德國,瓦 萊(Wylie),維因海姆(Weinheim), 2000],第 2 章,第 2.1.2部分及以後部分,第104-137頁。 爲產生酸性酸,一種選擇方法包括在均相反應介質中用 铑作觸媒使甲醇羰化。此方法在技藝上一般稱爲蒙桑托 (Monsanto)法,並開發於二十世紀七十年代。一種特佳方 . 法敎示於美國專利第5,144,068號[頒予史密斯(Smith)等 人]。在該所謂”低水"方法中,醇(如甲醇)與一氧化碳在 含有規定比例以碘鹽(尤其爲碘化鋰)穩定的铑觸媒與烷基 碘(如甲基碘)及乙酸烷酯(如乙酸甲酯)之液態反應介質中 反應。由於反應介質中有一定濃度水,所以產物爲羧酸, 而不是(例如)酐。第W68號專利的反應系統不僅以出乎意 料有益速率提供獨特低水含量酸產物,而且顯示意外高觸 媒穩定性。即,觸媒有抵抗沈澱出反應介質之能力。 另一種乙醇羰化選擇方法包括在反應器中利用均相銥觸 媒。例如,美國專利第5,883,295號[頒予桑利(Sunley)等人] 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X 297公釐) 1290134 A7 — _ B7 五、發明説明(2 ) 揭示一種製造乙酸之方法,其包括在實質上缺乏金屬促進 劑和/或離子性碘化物助促進劑下於含有液態反應組合物 之羰化反應器中用一氧化碳羰化甲醇及/或其反應衍生 物,該液體反應組合物包括銥羰化觸媒,甲基碘助觸媒、 水、乙酸和乙酸甲酯,其中液態反應組合物保持:(a)小 於5重量%濃度水;(b)大於12重量%濃度甲基碘及(c)在 窥化反應器中小於50巴之總壓。亦參考美國專利第 5,87入348號[頒予狄赛爾(Ditzel)等人]和美國專利第 5,877,347號(狄赛爾等人)。 皱觸媒化均相系統的一種缺陷爲觸媒傾向形成導致觸媒 才貝失的揮發物種。例如,參閱美國專利第5,942,460號[佳 蘭德{Garland)等人]第4攔第3行和美國專利5,932,764號 [莫瑞斯(Morris)等人]第3欄第1行,以下爲其中表述: ......較佳防止鍊觸媒及/或選擇性促進劑揮發性增加, 自第一反應區域取出的第二液態組合物中一氧化碳量不應 減少太低,一般以所溶解和/或夾帶氣體體積計保持至少 20體積%...... 如熟諳此藝者所瞭解,總有現存方法改良謗因,例如均 相姥系統中生成沈澱要不斷經過改良,而銥系統中揮發性 問題也經常被提出。一種廣泛提出和有影響的方法爲,將 經支載觸媒引入羰化系統,以避免穩定性/揮發性和沈澱 問題。例如,美國專利第5,466,874號[斯凱茲(Scates)等人] 揭示一種用於羰化甲醇之聚合性羰化觸媒系統,其包括支 載姥物種的含侧位吡咯啶酮基之聚合物載體。亦見美國專 -5- 本紙張尺度適用中8國家標準(CNS) A4規格(21G X 297公董)'" 1 -- 1290134 A7 __ _ B7 _ , 五、發明説明(3 ) 利第5,281,359號(斯凱茲等人)以及美國專利第5,334,755 號[約尼達(Yoneda)等人]以及美國專利第5,364,963號[梅 亞密(Minami)等人]。 美國專利第5,155,261號瑪斯坦(Marston)等人揭示一種製 備乙酸之蒙桑托型改良方法及完成此方法所用之雜相支載 觸媒。該方法包括使甲醇與一氧化碳在約65至80巴壓力 以170至200 C溫度於甲基破和觸媒存在下反應,該觸媒 包括具有侧位游離基,N-氧化物或四級化π比咬基之不溶 性聚合物,且該聚合物支撑小於聚合物組分10重量%經 擔載的姥物種(作爲金屬表示)。 · 世界知識產權組織專利公告第WO 98/57918號在一典型 具體實施例中揭示一種利用經乙烯基P比淀支載的第VHI族 金屬觸媒製造乙酸之方法,其中將約9重量%乙晞基吡啶 裝入羰化反應器。見第10頁實例1。 頃有人建議明確用不同載體支載銥觸媒。美國專利第 5,892,11〇號[頒予阮培薩德(Ramprasa(j)等人]揭示一種製造 乙酸肝之方法’其係藉由使乙酸甲g旨、一氧化碳和氫以高 溫和高壓在烷基齒和雜相雙官能觸媒存在下反應,該觸媒 包含具側位四級化膦基之不溶性聚合物,其中一些騰基係 離子性結合到陰離子性第VIII族金屬錯合物,剩餘膦基則 結合到碘。第,110號專利報告,與較早方法相比,該方法 不必用加速劑(促進劑)完成觸媒化反應,且產物容易由過 濾自觸媒分離。可將觸媒循環用於連續運轉,而沒有活性 損失。通常,該觸媒包括聚合物(如具有側位膦基之聚合 -6 本紙張尺度逋用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公釐) 1290134 A7 B7 五、發明説明(4 ) 物)和第VIII族金屬(如铑或銥)。見第2欄,第55-60行。 亦參閲世界知識產權組織專利公告第98-33590號以及美國 專利第4,127,506號[頒予格瑞(Gray)等人]。 本發明利用具含氮重複單元之聚合物基質螯合所央帶或 揮發生觸媒物種。以此方法,所夾帶鍺將不在羰化裝置中 鍍出,並可回收揮發性銥錯合物。 發明概要 本發明一方面提供一種羰化反應劑之羰化方法,其包括 含反應混合物之反應器,該反應混合物包括第VIII族金屬 觸媒組分和烷基i,該反應器係偶合到一閃蒸器,該閃蒸 器係佈置成連續接收反應混合物流並將其分離成產物流及 循環反應混合物流,其中該方法係藉由使產物流與具含氮 雜環重複單元之聚合性樹脂接觸以有效螯合產物流中存在 的第VIII族金屬觸媒組分改良。特佳選用含吡啶環樹脂及 . 含吡咯啶酮環樹脂。一般使用乙烯基吡啶及乙烯基吡咯啶 酮樹脂,且此等樹脂係交聯到至少約20%交聯度,以使其 不溶於反應介質。最佳可羰化反應劑爲甲醇或乙醇甲酯, 反應混合物中存在的烷基鹵爲甲基碘。第VIII族金屬觸媒 组分一般選自由缺、錄、姑、銜或其混合物所組成之群。 本發明特別用於有關銥觸媒化系統。 本發明同樣特別用於自產物流移除微量第VIII族引發觸 媒組分。此微量以第VIII族金屬含量計可爲十億分之一 (ppb)至約150 ppm。本發明更典型有利用於具有以第VIII 族金屬含量計任何約5 ppb至約5 ppm第VIII族金屬含量 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X 297公釐) 1290134 A7 B7 五、發明説明(5 ) 之產物流。 本發明另一方面提供一種羰化可羰化反應劑之幾化系 統,其包接經偶合到閃蒸器之反應器,且閃蒸器係依序偶 合到產物提純系統,其中: (a) 該反應器包含一種反應混合物,該混合物包括第νιπ 族金屬觸媒組分及虎基_促進劑組分; (b) 該閃蒸器適用於連續接收反應混合物流,並將其分 離成返回反應器的液態再循環流及蒸氣產物流,蒸氣產物 流係供給提純系統並包括所夾帶或揮發性VIII族金屬觸媒 組分; 、 (c) 在閃蒸器下流進一步提供自產物流螯合VIII族金屬 觸媒組分之裝置,該裝置包括具有含氮雜環重複單元之聚 合性基質。 聚舍性基質一般爲顆粒狀或珠粒狀,且最佳爲不溶於反 應介質的交聯、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮樹脂。樹脂粒一般位於 閃番器和提純系統之間的固定床内,使固定床樹脂顆粒接 觸產物流(此時爲蒸氣狀態)。 在一般裝置中,閃蒸器係佈置成絕熱蒸發給予它的反應 混合物流,以產生本文進一步討論的蒸氣產物流。 本發明另一方面提供一種由甲醇羰化製造乙酸之方法, 其包括·· (a)使甲醇與一氧化碳在具有均相反應介質之反應器中 反應,該反應介質包括選自由可溶形式銀、錯及其混合物 組成之群之金屬觸媒組分,視情況包括選自由釕、娥、 -8 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公釐) ------ 1290134 A7 B7 五、發明説明(7 ) 釕促進劑。利用銥觸媒使甲醇羰化爲吾人所熟悉,並一般 性描述於以下美國專利第5,942,460號、第5,932,764號、 第 5,883,295 號、第 5,877,348 號、第 5,877,347 號及第 5,696,284號,其内容係全部以參考方式併入本申請案。 甲醇的適用反應衍生物包括乙酸甲酯、甲醚及甲基碘。 可在本發明方法中用甲醇及其反應衍生物之混合物作爲反 應劑。較佳用甲醇和/或乙酸甲酯作爲反應劑。藉由與乙 酸產物或溶劑反應,至少有一些甲醇和/或其反應衍生物 轉化成乙酸甲酯,並因此存在於液態反應組合物中。在液 態反應組合物中乙酸甲酯濃度適合在約1至70重量%, 較佳約2至50重量%,最佳約3至35重量%。 水可在液態反應組合物中當場產生,例如在甲醇反應劑 和乙酸產物之間發生酯化反應。可將水與液態反應組合物 其它組分一起或單獨引入羰化反應器。可使水自反應器取 泰 出的反應組合物其它組分分離,或以控制量再循環,以保 持液態反應組合物中所需水濃度。液態反應組合物中水之 濃度係於約0.1至15重量%範圍内,更佳約1至15重量 %,最佳約1至10重量%。 在液態羰化反應組合物中,銥觸媒可包括任何溶於液態 反應組合物之含銥化合物。可將銥觸媒以任何溶於液態反 應組合物之適用形式或轉化成可溶形式加入液態反應組合 物,以進行羰化反應。可加入液態反應組合物之適用含銥 化合物實例包括:IrCl3 、Irl3 、 ΙγΒγ3 、[Ir(CO)2I]2 、 [Ir(CO)2Cl]2 > [Ir(CO)2Br]2 > [Ir(CO)2I2]*H+ > [Ir(CO)2Br2]*H+ > -10- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210x 297公釐) 1290134 A7 B7 五、發明説明(8 ) [Ιγ(00)2Ι4]Ή+ > [Ir(CH3)I3(CO)2]-H+ > Ir4(CO)12、IrCl3-3H20 、IrBr3.3H2〇、IrACO)^、銥金屬、Ir2〇3、Ir(acac)(CO)2、 Ir(acac)3 、乙酸缺,[Ir30(0Ac)6(H20)3][0Ac]及六氣銀酸 [H2lrCl6]。更佳使用銥的無氯錯合物,如乙酸鹽、草酸鹽 及乙酿乙酸鹽。 液態反應組合物中銥觸媒濃度以銥重量計較佳在約100 至6000 ppm範圍内。 可將促進劑和助促進劑用作本發明觸媒系統部分,如歐 洲專利公告第EP 0 849 248號所述,其揭示内容係以參考 方式併於本文。適用促進劑選自釕、’鉞、鎢、鋏、鋅、 鎘、銦、鎵及汞,更佳選自釕及锇。釕爲最佳促進劑。促 進劑較佳以有效量至其溶解度限制量存在於液態反應組合 物和/或自乙酸回收階段循環到羰化反應器之液體處理流 中。促進劑適合以約[0.5至15 ] : 1之促進劑對银之莫耳 比存在於液態反應組合物中,較佳約[2至10 ] : 1.,更佳 約[2至7.5] : 1。適合促進劑濃度爲400至5000 ppm。 促進劑可包括任何溶於液態反應組合物的適用含金屬促 進劑化合物。可將促進劑以任何溶於液態反應組合物的適 用形式或轉化成可溶形式加入用於羰化反應之液態反應組 合物。可用作促進劑源的適用含釕化合物實例包括氯化釕 (III)、 一氣-三水化_ (III)、氣化_ (IV)、澳化釘(III)、銜 金屬、氧化釕、甲酸釕(III)、[Ru(CO)3I3rH+、[Ru(CO)2I2]n 、[Ru(CO)4I2]、[Ru(CO)3I2]2 、氣·四(乙醯)合釕(II、III)、 乙酸釕(III)、丙酸釕(III)、丁酸釕(III)、五羰合釕、十二羰 -11 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X 297公釐)
裝 訂
1290134 A7 B7 五、發明説明(9 ) 基合三釕及混合鹵羰合釕化合物[如二氯-三羰基合釕(II) 二聚物、二溴-三羰基合釕(II)二聚物]及其它有機釕錯合 物[如四氣-雙(4-異丙基苯甲烷)合二釕(II)、四氯-雙(苯) 合二釕(II)、二氯-(環辛_1,5-二烯)釕(II)聚合物以及叁(乙 醯丙酮根)合釕(III)]。 可用作促進劑源之適用含鐵化合物實例包括水化及無水 氯化鐵(III)、金屬鐵、四氧化鐵、十二羰基合三鐵、 [Os(CO)4I2]、[Os(CO)3I2]2、[Os(CO)3I3]-H+、五氣-μ-硝基合 二鐵和混合卣羰合鐵化物[如二氯-三羰基鐵(II)二聚物]及 其它有機鉞錯合物。 1 可用作促進劑源之適用含鎢化合物實例包括w(co)6、 WC14、WC16、WBr6、WI2 或 C9H12W(CO)3、以及任何氯-、溪-或破·談基合嫣化合物。 可用作促進劑源之適用含鍊化合物實例包括 . Re2(CO)10 、 Re(CO)5Cl 、 Re(CO)5Br 、 Re(CO)5I 、
ReCl3xH20、[Re(CO)4I]2、[Re(CO)4I2]-H+ 以及 ReCl5-yH20。 可用適合含鎘化合物實例包括Cd(OAc)2、Cdl2、CdBr2 、CdCl2、Cd(OH)2以及乙醯丙酮根合鎘。 可用作促進劑源之適合含汞化合物實例包括Hg(OAc)2、 Hgl2、HgBr2、HgCl2、Hg2I2 以及 Hg2Cl2。 可用作促進劑源之適合含鋅化合物實例包括Zn(OAc)2、 Zn(OH)2、Znl2、ZnBr2、ZnCl2 及乙酿丙酮根合鋅。 可用作促進劑源之適合含鎵化合物實例包括乙醯丙酮根 合嫁、乙酸嫁、GaCL 、 GaBr3 、 Gal〕、 Ga2Cl4 及 -12- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 x 297公釐) 1290134 A7 B7 五、發明説明(10 )
Ga(OH)3。 可用作促進劑源之適合含銦化合物包括乙醯丙酮根合 銦、乙酸銦、InCl3、InBr3、Inl3、Ini 及 hi(〇H)3。 在液態反應混合物中甲基碘之濃度在約1至5〇重量% 範圍内,較佳在約2至30重量%。 一氧化碳反應劑可爲基本純淨,或可含惰性雜質,如二 氧化碳、甲烷、氮氣、稀有氣體、水及Q至C4鏈烷烴。 存在於一氧化碳並由水煤氣轉換反應當場產生的氫氣較佳 保持低壓,例如小於1巴分壓,因爲其存在可能導致氫化 產物生成。反應中一氧化碳之分壓適合在約1至7〇巴範 圍内,較佳在約1至35巴,最佳在約1至15巴。 羰化反應壓力適合在10至200巴範圍内,較佳約1〇至 1〇〇巴,最佳約15至50巴。羰化反應溫度適合在約1〇〇 至300 °C範圍内,較佳在約15〇至220 °C範圍内。 一般用乙酸作爲反應溶劑。 ’’含吡啶環聚合物”、”吡啶聚合物”及類似術語在本文 中用於指含有經取代或未取代吡啶環或經取代或未取代、 含吨咬縮聚環(如喹啉環)之聚合物。取代基包括對甲醇羧 化呈惰性者,如烷基和烷氧基。不溶性含吡啶環之一般聚 合物實例包括由乙烯基吡啶與二乙烯基單體反應或由乙烯 基吹淀與含二烯基單體之乙晞基單體反應獲得之聚合物, 如4-乙烯基吡啶如二乙烯基苯之共聚物、2_乙烯基吡咬 和二乙烯基苯之共聚物、苯乙晞和乙烯基苯及二乙晞基苯 I共聚物、乙烯基甲基吡啶和二乙烯基苯之共聚物以及乙
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1290134 A7 B7 五、發明説明(11 ) 晞基叶(:淀、丙晞酸甲醋及二丙晞酸乙醋之共聚物。特佳聚 合物描述於美國專利第5,334,755號[約尼達(Yoneda)等 人],其揭示内容係以參考方式併於本文。最佳在聚合物 中有相當高交聯度。 ”含吡咯啶酮環聚合物”、吡咯啶酮聚合物及類似術語用 於指含經取代或未經取代吡咯啶酮環之聚合物。取代基可 包括對甲醇羰化介質呈惰性者,如烷基或烷氧基。不溶 性、含吡咯啶酮環聚合物之一般實例包括由乙晞基吡咯酮 與含二-乙烯基單體之乙烯基單體反應獲得之聚合物,如 乙烯基吡咯啶酮和二乙烯基苯之共聚物。吡咯啶酮聚合物 討論於美國專利第5,466,874號(斯凱茲等人)以及美國專利 第5,286,826號、第4,786,699號及第4,139,688號,其内容 係以參考方式併於本文。一種較佳吡咯啶酮聚合物基質係 自印第安納州,印第安納波里,環利塔化學公司(Reilley Tar and Chemical Corporation of Indianapolis,IND)在 Reillex (商標)商品名下獲得。 以上含氮雜環聚合物應理想至少10%交聯,較佳至少約 15%或20%,至高約75%。交聯度低於10%不利,因爲聚 合物機械強度在使用期間可能降低。在交聯度增加時,聚 合物表面有放性可能受到過度限制。最大交聯度較佳爲 50或60%。在本文中,交聯度用於指(例如)二乙烯基單體 量(以重量%表示)。 吡啶或吡咯啶酮不溶性聚合物可爲游離基或N-氧化物 形式或上述四級化形式。不溶性含吡啶或吡咯啶酮環之聚 -14- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐)
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1290134 A7 B7 五、發明説明(Π ) 合物較佳爲珠粒或顆粒狀,更佳爲球狀,並具有約0.01-2 毫米顆粒直徑,較佳約0.1至1毫米,更佳約0.25至0.7 毫米。可將市售含说淀環聚合物用於本發明,如Reillex-425 (瑞利塔化學公司產品)及KEX-316、KEX-501及KEX-212 [考伊化學股份有限公司產品(Koei Chemical Co.,Ltd)]。 如上所述,吡啶酮亦可自環利塔公司獲得,且交聯度較佳 爲至少約10%。 圖1爲顯示一般羰化系統之示意圖,本發明係由參考該 圖得到更佳瞭解。圖1顯示一羰化系統10 ,其包括具排 氣口 14之反應器12。反應器12藉助管線18偶合到閃蒸 器16。閃蒸器依次偶合提純區域19,該區域包括輕餾分 塔20、脱水塔22及重尾餾分塔24。本發明提供一種吡 咯啶酮或吡啶顆粒狀樹脂固定床,該床被標明爲30 。固 定度30有效用於螯合經由蒸氣或產物流流出閃蒸器閃的 . 夾帶或揮發性觸媒物種,如揮發性銥。 在液相反應中,乙酸係以約150至200 °C溫度及約30至 約60巴壓力產生。一氧化碳和甲醇係連續進入反應器 12 ,並以高一氧化碳分壓充分混合。不可冷凝副產物自 反應器排出,以保持最佳一氧化碳分壓。處理反應器排出 氣體,以在燃燒前回收反應器可凝縮物,即,甲基碘。甲 醇和一氧化碳效率較佳分別大於約98%和90%。如自上述 史密斯等人專利瞭解,該方法的主要無效性爲由水煤氣反 應同時產生二氧化碳和氫氣。 反應混合物流連續自反應器經管線18進入閃蒸器16。 -15- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 1290134
線32循環回到反應器。在閃蒸製程條件下,觸媒在問蒸 容器中於低一氧化碳分壓容易失活,並可能被夹帶到提純 系統19。 士物乙酸和大部分輕顧分(甲基琪、乙酸甲醋水)通過閃 条器自反應器觸媒溶液分離,並與所溶解氣體—起前進進 入單階段絕熱反應中該區域或提純區域。觸媒溶液經管 提純乙酸-般需要以三塔方法蒸餾。自閃蒸器塔頂的蒸 氣產物首先通過吡咯啶酮、吡啶或其它含氮樹脂固定床 30 ,以在送入輕餾分塔前移除所存在的夾帶或揮發性第 VIII族金屬觸媒物種。甲基碘、乙酸甲酯和部分水在輕餾 刀塔塔頂冷凝,以生成兩相(有機相及水性相)。兩種塔頂 相經循環管線34返回反應區域。自輕館分塔的溶解氣體 通過蒸餾區域排出。在該排出流燃燒前,將殘餾輕餾分洗 務’並循環回到製程中。自輕餾分塔侧取出的水性乙酸進 入脱水塔22 。水和一些乙酸自該分離,經所示循環管線 34返回到反應系統。無水粗乙酸爲該塔的殘餾流,該殘 流進入重尾餾分塔24 。乙酸產物則作爲所示重尾餾分塔 的側取蒸氣得。高沸點乙酸系副產物混合物(主要爲丙酸) 作爲底物自該塔移出。 ' 選擇性提供的另一固定床36用於控制產物的破化物含 量,尤其爲烷基碘。一種固定床可爲乙烯基吡啶固定床, 如費勒(Fillers)等人的歐洲專利公告第〇 685 445號所述, 而一種特佳移除碘化物方法包括使用大網絡銀交換強酸離 子交換樹脂,如美國專利第4,615,806號[希爾頓(Hilton)] •16- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公釐) 1290134 A7 ___ B7 五、發明説明(Μ ) 所述。 頃證實,乙烯基吡咯啶酮樹脂結合铑觸媒組分,如美國 專利第5,466,874號(斯凱茲等人)所述;而乙烯基吡啶樹脂 同樣結合铑觸媒組分,如美國專利第5,155,261號[瑪斯坦 等人]所述。第W74及,261號專利均係以參考方式併於本 文。爲探知缺和釕觸媒是否結合此等樹脂,是否此等樹脂 能夠用於螯合揮發性或所夾帶第VIII族金屬觸媒組分,現 進行以下試驗。 一般步驟 在300毫升霍斯合金(Hostalloy) B批,式高壓爸(高壓爸工 程)進行一系列試驗。各試驗持續約30分鐘,並以約195 C反應器溫度及約400碎/平方英寸表壓一氧化竣壓力進 行。以下描述表1中全部試驗所用步驟。 稱取反應劑並裝入反應器。反應器中溶液由水(3.8 • 克)、冰乙酸(60 4克)、水化氧化銥(1¥)(3000 ??111,〇.6 克)(PPG公司)、乙酸甲酯(33 7克)[阿瑞公司 (Aldridi)](用甲醇和乙酸平衡)和甲基碘(2〇4克)[費舍公 司(Fisher)]。用50磅/平方英吋表壓一氧化碳清洗反應器 數次。在保證反應器無漏隙後,將反應器加壓到27〇磅/ 平方英吋表壓,並加熱到195 t。將反應器溫度保持在 195 °C,變化小於1。(:。溫度用電加熱器保持,並由冷水 進一步調節。溫度增加時,反應器壓力藉由加入自儲器的 一氧化碳升至400磅/平方英吋表壓。當反應器溶液達到 目標條件時,使攪拌器8〇〇轉/分鐘旋轉。根據壓力需要 -17- 1290134 A7 ___B7 五、發明説明(15 ) 將一氧化碳自儲器引入反應器,以保持4〇〇磅/平方英忖 表壓。將此時時間記錄爲〇。每分鐘一次記錄自儲器攝取 的一氧化碳、反應器溫度及反應器壓力。在一氧化碳攝取 停止時,試驗完成,使反應溶液冷卻至室溫。 以所消耗一氧化碳作爲時間之函數標繪曲線,由之檢測 攝取速率。然後用氣體攝取速率計算羰化速率,對於特定 反應器組合物,該速率爲每升冷脱氣反應器液體每小時消 耗的反應劑莫耳數(莫耳/升/小時)[時空產率(STγ)]。 實例 比較性實例A 、 在;又有含氮雄%聚合物存在下進行以上步骤。結果顯現 在表1中。 實例1 進行以上步驟,其中加入1.3克25%交聯聚(4·乙烯基峨 啶)(,TVP-r)[阿瑞,瑞利(Aldrich,Reilly)](約 1〇/〇)。用與比 較性實例A相同之基準,所測羰化速率接近43 8τγ。1 驗完成後,將聚合物消化,分析银金屬,以確定妹人到聚 合物的負荷銥量。本實例與實例2-8結果_起顯示在表工 中。 ' _ 實例2-8 按照實例1步骤,以不同量聚(乙晞基比咬)進行_系歹 試驗。聚乙烯基吡啶由阿瑞或瑞利工業公司(印第安納 州,印第安納波里)提供。反應器組合物及所結合敏結果 顯示於表I中。 -18 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) ' 一—----- 1290134 A7 B7 五、發明説明(l1 2 3 4 5 ) 可以看到,按照螯合觸媒來看,在樹脂對第VIII族金屬 觸媒之比相當高時獲得最佳結果,正如在本發明產物流中 佈置固定床一樣。 表1 聚合物(聚乙晞基p比淀)對3 000 ppm銥之效果 ipvp-i (重量%) STY (莫耳/升-小時) 2Ir (在 PVP-I 中)(%Ir) A 0.0% 31 0% 1 1.00% 43 10% 2 0.05% 37 3% 3 0.10% 43 4% 4 0.40% 47 7% 5 0.50% 43 8% 6 0.70%, 36 8% 7 2.5% 20 33% 8 4.00% 11 97% 1反應器中聚乙烯基吡啶(PVP-I)量(重量%)。試驗在195 °C、400磅/平方英吋氣壓進行。反應器物料包括近似 3·0%Η2Ο、27%MeOAc、20%MeI 及 3000'ppmlr。
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1 聚合物中Ir以Ir°/〇列出。在酸中消化試樣,並分析其金 屬。。/〇Ir = {(初始Ir量)—(聚合物中結合的11:量)}/(初始 Ir 量)。 2 實例9-14 3 一般性進行上述步驟,將經交聯聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮與以 下表II所列各組分一起送入高壓釜。 4 • 19- 5 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X 297公釐)
Claims (1)
- fr年β月含I曰修(袭)正本 年10月) 08__ ,,ί , ^ ^ _^ 娜魏 六、申請專利範圍 1. 一種羰化可羰化反應劑之羰化方法,其包括將包括含 第VIII族金屬觸媒組分和烷基鹵促進劑組分之反應混 合物之反應器偶合到閃蒸器,該閃蒸器係佈置成連續 接收該反應混合物流並將其分離成產物流及循環反應 混合物流’其改良之處包括使該產物流與具含氮雜環 重複單元之聚合性樹脂接觸,以有效螯合該產物流中 存在的第VIII族金屬觸媒組分,及自該聚合性樹脂回 收該螯合的第VIII族金屬觸媒組分,其中該樹脂係選 自由含吨淀環樹脂和含吡咯啶酮環樹脂所組成之群。 2·根據申請專利範圍第i項之羰化方法,其中該樹脂為乙 缔基p比淀樹脂。 3. 根據申請專利範圍第2項之羰化方法,其中該樹脂為具 有至少10%交聯度之經交聯乙晞基吡啶樹脂。 4. 根據申請專利範圍第丨項之羰化方法,其中該樹脂為聚 乙締基吡咯啶酮樹脂。 5·根據申請專利範圍第4項之羰化方法,其中該樹脂為具 有至少10%交聯度之乙婦基峨嘻淀g同樹脂。 6.根據申請專利範圍第丨項之羰化方法,其中該烷基函為 甲基碘。 7·根據申請專利範圍第i項之羰化方法,其中該第vm族 金屬觸媒組分包括銥、铑、鈷、釕或其混合物。 8·根據申請專利範圍第7項之羰化方法,其中該第vm族 金屬觸媒組分包括鍺。 9·根據申凊專利範圍第7項之羰化方法,其中該第vm族 本紙張尺Μ财目®家標準(CNS) Α4規格(2歉297公審) 1290134 έ88 C8 __________D8 六、申請專利範圍 金屬觸媒組分包括敏。 10. —種黢化系統,其包括: (a) 反應器,其包含含第νιπ族金屬觸媒組分之反應 混合物; (b) 閃蒸器,其用以連續接收該反應混合物流,並將 其分離成液態循環流以及蒸氣產物流,該產物流包含 夾帶的第VIII族金屬觸媒組分; (c) 聚合性基質,其包含含氮雜環重複單元之聚合 物,用以接觸至少一部份的蒸氣產物流,以螯合至少 一邵份夾帶的第VIII族金屬觸媒組分,其中該聚合性 基質包括選自由經交聯乙埽基吡啶樹脂和經交聯乙埽 基吡咯啶酮樹脂組成之群之樹脂;及 (d) 自該聚合性基質回收螯合的第vm族金屬觸媒組 分之裝置。 11·根據.申請專利範圍第1 0項之系統,其中該樹脂為顆粒 狀經交聯聚乙晞基ΪΤ比咯淀酮樹脂。 12·根據申請專利範圍第1 〇項之系統,其中該樹脂為顆粒 狀經交聯乙晞基P比淀樹脂。 13·根據申請專利範圍第1 0項之系統,其中該用於螯合第 VIII族金屬觸媒組分之裝置係佈置於該閃蒸器和該提 純系統間之蒸氣產物流中,並包括顆粒樹脂固定床。 14.根據申請專利範圍第1 3項之系統,其中該閃蒸器係佈 置成絕熱蒸發該反應混合物流,以產生該蒸氣產物 流0 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 1290134 A8 B8 C8 D8 申請專利範圍 15·根據申請專利範圍第10項之系統,其中該可羰化反應 劑包括甲醇。 16.根據申請專利範圍第15項之系統,其中該烷基鹵促進 劑包括甲基磺。 17·根據申請專利範圍第1 〇項之系統,其中該可羰化反應 劑包括乙酸甲酉旨。 队根據申請專利範圍第1 7項之系統,其中該烷基鹵促進 劑包括甲基碘。 19. 一種藉由羰化甲醇製造乙酸之方法,其包括: (a) 使甲醇與一氧化碳在具有均相反應介質之反應器 中反應’該均相反應介質包括選自由可溶形式銥、鍺 及其混合物組成之群之觸媒金屬組分,視情況包括選 自由釕、鐵、鎢、銖、鋅、鎘、錮、汞及其混合物組 成之群之助促進劑,並進一步包括乙酸甲酯、甲基破 和水; (b) 將該反應混合物流供到閃蒸器,以將該反應混合 物流分離成液態循環流及產物流; (c) 使該循環流循環至該反應器; (d) 使產物流與選自由經交聯乙烯基吡啶樹脂及經交 聯乙晞基说咯啶酮樹脂組成之群之樹脂接觸,該樹脂 係有效用於螯合該產物流中所存在的觸媒金屬組分; (e) 自該樹脂回收該螯合的金屬組分;及 (f) 將該產物流提純。 2〇·根據申請專利範圍第1 9項之方法,其中該使產物流與 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X 297公釐) 1290134 - C8 D8 穴、申請專利祀圍 樹脂接觸之步驟係於該產物流為蒸氣態時進行。 21·根據申請專利範圍第1 9項之方法,其中該樹脂為經交 聯乙晞基吡咯啶酮樹脂。 22.根據申請專利範圍第1 9項之方法,其中該觸媒金屬組 分包括銥。 23·根據申請專利範圍第2 2項之方法,其中該觸媒金屬組 分包括釕。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐)
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JP4855635B2 (ja) | 2012-01-18 |
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ES2371234T3 (es) | 2011-12-28 |
CA2418073A1 (en) | 2002-02-28 |
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EP1326823B1 (en) | 2011-08-24 |
EP1326823A1 (en) | 2003-07-16 |
ATE521586T1 (de) | 2011-09-15 |
US6627770B1 (en) | 2003-09-30 |
BR0113428B1 (pt) | 2012-11-27 |
JP2004506704A (ja) | 2004-03-04 |
KR100728432B1 (ko) | 2007-06-13 |
KR20030027071A (ko) | 2003-04-03 |
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WO2002016297A1 (en) | 2002-02-28 |
CA2418073C (en) | 2010-03-09 |
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