TWI258371B - Chromium (III) alpha amino acid complexes - Google Patents
Chromium (III) alpha amino acid complexes Download PDFInfo
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- TWI258371B TWI258371B TW092113546A TW92113546A TWI258371B TW I258371 B TWI258371 B TW I258371B TW 092113546 A TW092113546 A TW 092113546A TW 92113546 A TW92113546 A TW 92113546A TW I258371 B TWI258371 B TW I258371B
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- amino acid
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Classifications
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- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/16—Inorganic salts, minerals or trace elements
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/02—Nutrients, e.g. vitamins, minerals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F11/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 6 or 16 of the Periodic Table
- C07F11/005—Compounds containing elements of Groups 6 or 16 of the Periodic Table compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Landscapes
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Description
1258371 玖、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 α胺基酸之鉻(111)1: 3錯合物以及其使 營養補給品。 勒物 【先前技術】 發明背景 鉻在營養學中的基本角色’是首先由㈣如及 Menz於1 959年所確認(Schwarz,κ.及.忖2, w “終 及葡萄螗耐受因子”,Arc/]s. ⑽仏〇讪 …292 ( 1 959 ))。這些研究人M觀察到儀食球擬酵母( tcmila yeast)的大鼠發育成葡萄糖耐受不良。然而,餵 食啤酒酵母(brewer,s yeast)以氣卻沒有發育成這個 症狀。-種存在於啤酒酵母但不存在於球擬酵母中的物質 ,稱為葡萄糖耐受因子(GTF)。之後,經證實在gtf中的 Z性成份是絡(111)。由於這些早期的觀察’開啟了許多研 九方法,以更加瞭解鉻的營養角色。雖然目前已非常清楚 有關路在人類及動物營養物中的角色,但仍有許多不清楚 的地方’以及鉻在人類疾病中的許多影響仍是有爭議的, 並且也沒有被充分地記载。最近,已發表許多研究回顧, 其摘述了目刖有關鉻在營養物中角色之知識狀況(“鉻作 為補給品”,Henry c· Lukaski,如刀.心Η ·· 279 ( 1 999 ); “鉻、葡萄糖耐受不良以及糖尿病’’,
Richard A. Anderson ^ /. Amen c〇11^ Nufr 1? ; 54g ( 1 998 )鉻之生化學”,John B. Vincent,乂勅^ 1258371 130 : 71 5 ( 2000 ); 尿病之關係”,John 2000) ) 〇 如索鉻作用的分子機轉以及其與糖 B. Vlncent ’軋化· Af. 58 : 67 ( 一開始於1 959年提出的葡萄糖耐受因子之確實本質, 仍是難以理解的。可加強葡萄糖代謝之含鉻物質,是從酸 水解的啤_母及豬㈣巾部份純化 到的物質受到最多的注意,並且一般是稱為酵母’二付 有報導指出,在酵母菌GTF中的鉻是比無機的鉻來源更容 易被吸收。此外,有人提出酵母菌GTF是由鉻(丨丨Z )離子、 菸鹼酸、甘胺酸、麩胺酸以及半胱胺酸所組成(“從啤酒 酵母卒取物中以及藉由合成,而製備葡萄糖耐受因子活性 =含絡物質 ”,E.W· TQe此,W· Mem,Μ·Μ· PQlansky 等人,/· ^τ/c· /㈤j 67?e/»· 25 : 1 62 ( 1 977 ))。所提 出的酵母菌GTF之組合物仍是有爭議的,並且其分離也無 法在其他實驗室中再現。此外,已有人提出分離的酵母菌 GTF,可以是由將特定鉻結合蛋白質酸水解而製造的加工品 (葡萄糖耐受因子是由將低分子量的鉻結合物質酸水解 而製造的加工品嗎?,,K.H. Sumrall及J.B· Vincent, 〜斤/^办〇/?· 16 : 4171 ( 1 997 ))。 最近’對於瞭解鉻在調控碳水化合物及脂質代謝作用 之分子基礎上,已有部份的進展。已分離出一種已知為低 刀子里的鉻結合物質(LMWCr )之目太,並且咸信在調節胰島 素或其受體的作用中,扮演關鍵性的角色。這個肽似乎是 廣泛分布在哺乳動物的組織中,並且已從許多來源中被分 1258371 離出來。LMWCr是由甘胺酸、半胱胺酸、麩胺酸及天冬胺 酸所組成。麵胺酸及天冬胺酸代表超過半數的胺基酸殘基 。這個肽是1 5 0 0道耳呑(Da )並且結合四個鉻離子。它主 要是以不含金屬的形式存在於組織中。這個蛋白質的胺基 酸序列以及其與鉻的錯合物之結晶結構,尚未清楚(“鉻 之生化學” ’ J· B· Vincent,/·如化· 1 30 : 71 5 ( 2000 ) )。似乎LMWCr結合的鉻主要是以陰離子橋架的多核鉻羧 酸鹽組合而存在(“低分子量的鉻結合物質之合成模式: 氧橋架的四核鉻(111)組合之合成及特性” ,Tru i 11 E11 i s 等人’ /卯67? 67»· 33:5522 (1994))。合成的多核鉻 組合被發現可活化類似於以LMWCr觀察到的胰島素受體活 性(“合成的多核鉻組合活化胰島素受體激酶活性:低分 子量的鉻結合物質之功能模式” ,c· M· Davis等人, /;7〇rg· C7?復 36 : 531 6 ( 1 997 ) ) 〇 另一未鑑定出的鉻(I Π )及有機配體之錯合物是負責調 卽碳水化合物及脂質代謝的認知,在開發用於人類及動物 營養物中之新穎含鉻化合物上,已引起明顯的興趣。許多 已發證的專利說明了包含鉻結合至各種配體的化合物。在 1 9 7 5年,發明人之一的這篇揭露鉻、Q胺基酸之1 : 1及1 • 2錯合物鹽的申請案,發證取得專利(美國專利第 3’ 925, 433號)。這些錯合物鹽是以離子對的形式存在, 〃、中%罐子疋由鉻(111)離子與一個或兩個“胺基酸的分子 之耗合物所組成。陽離子帶有1 +或2+,取決於形成錯合物 的胺基酸分子數而定。抗衡離子(陰離子)可以是氣離子 1258371 、硫酸根或酸式硫酸根。L—甲硫胺酸之必須金屬錯合物, 的鉻L甲硫胺酸錯合物,是揭露於美國專利第 5,278,329 號。葬由 錯由將蛋白質水解所得到的胺基酸之金屬 錯合物’包括鉻—胺美赌 土^錯δ物,是說明於美國專利第 5,698,724 號。 1 982年發證之吳國專利第*,⑽,_號,說明一種從 啤酒酵母中獲得濃葡萄糖耐受因子之方法。其他的專利也 發證’因為說明了嫌媒目士 纹付/、有调郎碳水化合物及脂質代謝生 物活性的酵母菌或酵母菌 、, J王初之方法,例如,吴國專利 弟 4,348,483、 6 140 107、 β ,〇,MU,iU7、6,1 59,466 及 6,248,323 號。 使用先前已知的化合必7 rτ 物乙S&丙酮鉻作為飲食補給品以 及=藥製劑’是說明於美國專利帛4,57i,39i號。這個水 不办)生的化α物疋熱穩定的,對酸及稍微鹼性pH的溶液 非㊉L疋報導指出,乙醯丙_鉻在口服後會快速從胃腸 道吸收,並且是有效於加強胰島素對於葡萄糖代謝的影響 Ο
、具有必須金屬口比咬叛酸鹽(包括讀酸路)的飲食 補給品’是百先揭露於美國專利第4,315,927號,於MM 年7月7。日再發證為Re 33,_號。在美國專利第 4, 31 5, 927號中,說明了吡啶羧酸鉻之製備(實施例 。 除了美國專利帛4, 31 5, 927號所涵蓋的鋅及鐵之外 33, 988號中,特定的申請專利範圍涵蓋了鉻 隹古、銅在孟 的毗啶羧酸錯合物。美國專利第5, 677, 461 、 造ftt娜鉻錯合物之方法。將卩ttn繼鉻;種製 ~療及預 1258371 防各種疾病,是說明於許多專利中,包括美國專利第 5, 087, 623、5, 087, 624、5, 1 75, 1 56 及 6, 329, 36 1 B1 號。 包含吡啶羧酸鉻的組合物以及這些組合物之用途,是說明 於美國專利第 5, 6 1 4, 553、5, 929, 066、6, 093, 71 1、 6, 136, 317、6, 1 43, 301、6, 251,888 B1 及 6, 251,889 B1 號 〇 說明為‘‘ GTF鉻物質,,的菸鹼酸鉻及其製備方法,是 揭露於美國專利第4, 923, 855及5, 194, 615號。將菸鹼酸 鉻用於降低血脂含量,是說明於美國專利第4, 954, 492號 。包含菸鹼酸鉻的組合物以及這些組合物之用途,是揭露 於許多專利中,包括美國專利第5, 905, 075、5, 948, 772、 5, 980, 905、6, 100, 250、6, 100, 251 及 6, 323, 1 92 號。 具有類似GTF活性的醫藥上加強胰島素的cr ( Π I)錯 合物’是揭露於美國專利第5,266,560號。這些錯合物是 由Cr (111 )、菸鹼酸或其衍生物之一、以及穀胱甘肽(一 種包含L-麩胺酸、L-半胱胺酸及甘胺酸的肽)所組成。這 些錯合物在活體外對分離的脂肪細胞之葡萄糖運送的加強 騰島素活性是被說明,並與先前在文獻中所報導相似錯合 物之活性做比較。 金屬丙酸鹽的用返’包括丙酸絡’是說明於美國專利 第 5,707,679 及 6, 303,158 B1 號。美國專利第 5 846 581 號說明一種包含短鏈脂肪酸的鉻鹽之組合物,以及其在動 物營養物中之用途。製造金屬羧酸鹽以使用作為動物飼料 補給品之方法,是說明於美國專利第Mi 878及 10 1258371 5,7 9 5,61 5 號。 的螯合劑以及必須金屬(包括鉻) 6,1 1 4,379號。這篇專利的申請專 ,對於每個鉻離子,其包含丨—3當 肌酸之生物可利用 ,是說明於美國專利第 利範圍疋肌酸-絡錯合物 量的配體。 使用作為營養補σ斗、 一 , °°或用於治療醫學症狀之先前已夫 的—核鉻III)錯合物’是說明於美國專利第⑷8 ^ 6,197,816 β1號。該錯合物是以3
[Cr30(02CCH2CH3)6(H20)3] +而表干。兮扭 “」向衣不。该錯合物對於許多涉方 碳水化合物及脂質代謝的酵素之生物學影響,是在這些專 利之中說明。美國專利帛5,872,1G2號說日月—種分離牛的 低刀子里鉻、、、。口物貝之方法及其用途。這個物質可增強葡 萄糖藉由大鼠脂肪細胞之胰島素活化的攝取,並且活化大 鼠脂肪細胞膜的酪胺酸激酶及磷酸酪胺酸磷酸酶之活性。
在文獻中所說明之限制各種鉻錯合物的有效性之許多 缺點,已被確認。吡啶羧酸鉻是最普遍的市售鉻錯合物。 然而,這個化合物具有有限的水溶解度,並且部份最近的 研究質疑其安全性。雖然在大鼠中已證實氣化鉻及吡啶幾 酸鉻沒有毒性(“氯化鉻及卩比啶羧酸鉻在大氣中沒有毒性 ” ,Anderson 等人,/· Amer· Coll· Nutr· 16 : 273 ( 1 997 )),但最近的研究報導指出,吡啶羧酸鉻會切割 DNA並且在中國倉鼠卵巢細胞中引起染色體受損(“營養 補給品三(吡啶羧酸)鉻(III)切割DNA” ,J.K. Speetjeni 等人,Γαγ/αΑ 12: 483 ( 1 999 )以及 “p比口宠 π 1258371 羧酸鉻(111)在中國倉鼠卵巢細胞中引起染色體受損”, D. M. Stearns ? FASEB J. 9 ^ 1 643 ( 1 995 ) y 。一項在大 鼠中吡咬羧酸鉻(ΙΠ)的活體内分布之研究,推斷出這個化 合物在活體内的短生命期,會將這個飲食補給品的潛在毒 性作用減到最小(“在大鼠的吡啶羧酸鉻中之鉻的活體内 分布,以及飲食補給品的安全性之暗示” ,d η η ττ Ί • υ· -U. Hepburn 及 J.B· Vincent,了奴/⑶人 15 : 93 (2〇〇2) )。基於這些理由,明顯的是,對於可溶解的、生物可利 用的、有效的以及安全的飲食性鉻之另一選擇來源,仍有 其需求。 ^ 本發明之主要目標是滿足上述需求。 •本發明之另一目標係提供新穎的鉻(111)及^^胺基酸之 1 : 3錯合物,以使用作為人類及馴養動物之營養補給品。 本發明之另一目標係提供製備這些新穎錯合物之方法 本發明之另一 表現之所要的影響 本發明之另一 物中沒有毒性。 目標係提供並說明這些錯合物對於動物
〇 目標是要證明新穎的錯合物在實驗室動 此處所示的結構是鉻(III)及 。大部分市隹的总总 ϋ 9 S養相關之鉻錯合物之結構及性質, 之前研究過。仏丨上 、 ,已合成毗啶羧酸鉻(ΙΠ)的單核及 =ίη以及它們的結構也已藉…結晶學而決定 〇 )叫定幾酸在水中,於ρΗ〈 U的反應。 12 1258371 =殿,具有結構式Cr(Plc)2(M)⑽.(M)。由於這些錯 σ :疋在pH > 4所形成’因此’它們最可能是雙核錯合物 、,化兩種錯合物都不具有生物活性。將3莫耳當量的毗啶 缓酸加到在水中的氣化鉻溶液,會導致自溶液中沈殿的= 色口版之形成。藉由HPLC發現這個沈澱物是均質的。分析 k個沈澱物,顯示其為三毗啶羧酸鉻單水合物,& 10。這個物質最可能是單核錯合物。這個錯合物可增加3 葡萄糖藉由活體外的大鼠骨路肌培養物之攝取。將這;錯 合物加到大鼠飲食中,會產生明顯的血聚葡萄糖之減少,曰 亚且可預防血紅素的糖化反應。三吡啶羧酸鉻在人類中的 飲食性補給品,可在男性及女性中導致明顯的瘦肉體質之 增加(K叛酸鉻錯合物之組合物以及生物活性” G.W. Evans 及 D.j. P〇uchnik,乂 /7^.—见 μ. 177 ( 1 993 ))。 因此,可觀察到目前可利用的所有結構都不同於本發 明之鉻化合物,其為不同的者仏 【發明内容】 $驗式以及不同的立體化學。 發明概述 本發明是有關於製備新穎的1:3鉻⑴υ錯合物。這 些錯合物包含氧化態正3價的鉻。在錯合物中的鉻式盘三 個α胺基酸分子結合。相對於已知的中性鉻錯合物 是卿溶劑中不溶的鉻錯合物,本專利所說明之新賴錯 合物是易於溶解在極性!南| Α 陘岭劑中,例如,水及甲醇。錯合 在酸性及驗性溶液中是穩定的。當加到飲食中時,這些水 14 1258371 溶液與i 或3莫耳當量的α胺基酸混合;導致澄清的綠 色溶液之形成。這些溶液的pHs分別是〇· 932、丨 及 1 · 627。藉由小心加入氫氧化鈉或碳酸鈉溶液而將這些溶液 調整至pH 7,導致鉻化合物之沈澱,顯示這些錯合物在可 能存在於胃腸道的pH值範圍時,可能是不足夠穩定的。
當鉻-α胺基酸錯合物(丨·· 3 )的溶液以3當量的氫氧化鈉 處理時,會形成紫色的沈澱物。這個沈澱物實際上是不溶 於水、稀酸及驗、、乙醇、#丙醇以及乙酸乙§旨。^ 素分析及其FTIR之檢視,顯示其為鉻_胺基酸(1 · 3)的 中性錯合物與部份多核鉻-胺基酸錯合物之混合物。這個 錯合物的缺乏溶解性及其不明確的組成,_示它不可以 "χτ -Μ* y® jzt: /、
s本發明所說明的新穎錯合物是以結構 疋1 : 3鉻〜胺基酸钭人 表不,並且 y - 、’s 口物的鹽。這些錯合物是 形式存在,1中單# 难子對的 “ 貝的除離子是由三價的鉻與二 酸分子錯合而组成。 、一個α胺基 基®文分子之一保留其兩性Μ $ J注離子的特 16 1258371 f·以提仏錯δ物/爭正價。這個胺基酸的敌酸根與鉻(111) 離子形成兩個鍵結,以形成張力的四貢環,其可滿足鉻的 六個配位位置中的兩個。其他兩個α胺基酸分子經由〇胺 基及羧基而結合到鉻’以形成五員環。這將可滿足鉻(III) 所有的六個配位鍵。此處稱為“ X”白勺離子對之陰離子, 可以是單價的陰離子(例如,氯離子)或二價的陰離子( 例如,硫酸根)。“R”是“胺基酸的有機分子部份。它 可衍生自精胺酸、組胺酸、異白胺酸、白胺酸、離胺酸、 I硫胺酸、苯丙胺酸、蘇胺酸、色胺酸、绳胺酸、甘胺酸 寺。雖然甘胺酸並非作為必須胺基酸,但它也是較佳的“ 月女基酸,係在於它县於^ 3雈Ρ # 匕约於獲付並可谷易地用於合成本發明之 錯合物鹽。兩個最佳的天然α胺基酸是甘胺酸及甲硫胺酸 。、對於甘胺酸,R代表氫,以及對於甲硫胺酸,R代表下 式·· ch3—sc-h2 — ch2—。 這些錯合物可藉由使用一簡單且實用的方法而製備。 將洛於水中的氯化絡溶液加熱至9〇一95〇c。此溶液通常是 深綠色的。小心加入胺基酸(3莫耳當量),並且持續加 熱。。溶液的顏色緩慢地改變成深藍綠色。將溶液冷卻至約 40 C ’並且緩慢及小心地加入氫氧化納溶液,以將溶液調
整至PH 9 —4·0。需要2莫耳當量的氫氧化納以用於pH 之凋正〜夜的顏色轉為深紫色。將液體蒸發得到固體, 其係由所要的產物以及氯化納所組成。產物可藉由以,醇 或乙醇卒取’而從氯化納中分離。或者,產物可在適當大 J區別树月曰上错由色層分析法,而從氯化鈉中分離。 17 1258371 利用上述方法所得到的產物:具有許多的獨特的性質 。它是以穩定的固體而存在。它是深紫色的。產物易溶於 水及曱醇《可溶於乙醇,保守地溶於異丙醇,並且不溶於 乙酸乙酯。〇。1莫耳濃度溶於水中的產物溶液,具有4 〇78 的pH。溶液的UV/Vis光譜在400奈米(nm)(莫耳吸收 係數,44· 08)及541奈米(莫耳吸收係數,5〇· 6〇)具有 吸收最大值。相對地,氯化鉻的UV/Vis光譜在429奈米( 莫耳吸收係數,18. 10 )及608奈米(莫耳吸收^數, 14· 43)具有吸收最大值。加入多達2〇莫耳當量的〇 1莫 =酸氮鈉溶液’可將溶液的PH改變至8.。97里但沒有形 L澱物。在一項實驗中,加入多達80莫耳當量的〇.丨莫 耳碳酸氫鈉溶液。混合物的pH是8. 35 、 口勿的沈澱物。相對地,將稍微多於2當量的〇 酸氫鈉加至"」Μ的氯化鉻溶液 .、碳 ^ ^蚁大里沈澱物的形 •,旦混合物的pH僅為4· 356。將〇 j莫耳& 藉由加入20莖且…“ Μ莫耳的錯合物溶液 Μ莫耳的鹽酸而調整 分解錯人躲^ l t芏J邱1 · 〇,並不會 σ物,係由溶液的υν/Vi S光雄、力古对料 荭 友^ °曰,又有改變而證實。 _層分到的:體錯合物’11由高效能 分析甲醇溶液,:示Γ:二7由使用大小區別管柱而 測波蜂,…成份之存在。在兩個不同波長伯 個偵測鉻以及第二個伯 、 以單—波峰而、、中提。〜 測胺基酸,顯示兩者都 /中k。氣化鉻的曱醢、、六 為數個波峰,Μ -予/合液/刀析,顯示其沖提 主要波峰比4 口疋相似於錯合物。此外,氣化ί夂的 有較短的留置時間,顯示係較大的 18 1258371 刀子大小。 具有類似物化性質的錯合物,是利用不同的 而獲得。錯合物的元素分析得到與提出 土 ’文 。錯合物的—光譜是不同於形成錯合物;使用: 之FTIR光譜,並且是相似於其他 %丞酉义 FTIR光譜。 “屬的胺基酸錯合物之 將絡〇⑴與L-甲硫胺酸之間所形成的錯合物 作為乳牛的鉻之營養來源,並且發現可改盖表現乂 成 甲硫胺酸絡鹽酸鹽補充飲食,不會影響牛°的乾物質1 广可增加乳汁產量。檢驗在大鼠中錯合物之毒 在所使用的劑量中是沒有毒性的。 X兄 實施例 三一甲硫胺酸鉻(111)鹽酸鹽之製備: ί夂」:ί/ 550毫升)置於2000毫升的燒杯中。加入氯化 =Γ(79·959克,G.3莫耳)。將混合物加熱並搜 騰。加入L-甲硫胺酸(1 34.306克,0.9莫耳)。 將混合物加熱並攪拌直到固體完全溶解為止。持續加献並 再30分鐘。溶液從深綠色轉成深藍綠色。將溶液卻 C。將氫氧化納⑵克,0.5829莫耳)溶解於 升勺水iE將洛液部i 3〇 t。將氫氧化納溶液逐滴 2絡一甲硫胺酸溶液’同時授掉。溶液從深藍綠色轉成 、p將'合液在減壓下蒸發至乾燥。將殘留物以甲醇萃 _ 下白色結日日固體。將甲醇萃取物蒸發至乾燥,得到 才糸色、口日日固體(161·352克,產率100.91%)。 19 1258371 產物在溴化鉀片中的FTIR顯示吸收於:3421. 5 ( s) ’ ^ 2916.2 (s) ^ 1 635.5 (S) ^ 1 508.2 (m) > 1438.8 (m · )、1 338· 8 ( m)、1 338· 5 ( s)、1 272· 9 ( w)、1241. 1 ( w)及 1145.6 (n〇 公分-i。 (s二強;『中;弱) 0· 01 M於水中的溶液之可見光譜,在4〇〇奈米(莫耳 吸收係數’ 4 4 · 0 8 )及5 41奈米(莫耳吸收係數,5 〇 · 6 〇 ) 具有兩個最大值。 0. 1 Μ於水中的溶液之pH是4· 078。將1 〇毫升的部份 以200毫升的0.1莫耳碳酸氫鈉溶液稀釋。沒有形成沈澱 _ 物。/谷液具有8.097的pH值。加入另外的6〇〇毫升之〇·ι 莫耳碳酸氫鈉溶液。沒有形成沈澱物,以及溶液的ρΗ是 8·354 。 包含相當於0.9555毫克/毫升的鉻之錯合物於甲醇中 之溶液,是在 60Α Macrosphere GPC 管柱上(Alltech
Associates公司),利用甲醇作為移動相,以〇·5毫升/ 分鐘的速度以及407奈米的UV/Vis偵測器,藉由HPLC而 分析。得到具有6,48分鐘的留置時間之單一波療。當於相春 同條件下分析包含相當於0.4666毫克/毫升的鉻之氯化鉻 六水合物之溶液時,沖提出具有6. 67分鐘的留置時間之波 峰。愈長的留置時間表示鉻錯合物具有比氯化鉻更大的分 子大小。 重複HPLC之分析,除了將摘測器設定在21 0奈米以偵 測月女基酸之外。價測的靈敏度是t匕405奈米大超㉟! 〇〇倍 ’以及必須將樣品稀釋到包+ 0.009555毫克/毫升的鉻。 20 1258371 da稀釋的樣品得到在樹呈 之單-波峰。*…奈米,V::/:分鐘的留物 的相同條件 要波峰。在偵測器設mo奈米 L甲硫月女酸鹽酸_ & 7.6分鐘的主要波峰外,還有^ 分析’顯示除了 果顯示有°午夕小波峰的存在。這4b社 禾,、、貞不在官柱上移動 -- 是大於氣化鉻及I “ ⑽疋-整的,以及其分子大小 化鉻及L—甲硫胺酸鹽酸鹽。 實施例2
二一白胺酸鉻(1 Π )鹽酸鹽之製備: 鉻」:水(150毫升)置於600毫升的燒杯中。加入氣七 拌 )。將混合物加熱並约 、曰沸騰。加入L-白胺酸(19·685克,〇15莫耳卜來 此口物加熱亚攪拌直到固體完全溶解為止。持續加熱並利 拌再30分鐘。溶液從深綠色轉成深藍綠色。將溶液卻^ 啊。將氫氧化鈉(4.G14克,G1Q莫耳)溶解於2〇毫力
的水,並將浴液部i 3〇。。。將氫氧化鈉溶液逐滴加入鉻 白胺酸溶液㈣。溶液從深藍綠色轉成深紫色。來 /合液在減壓下蒸發至乾燥。將殘留物以曱醇萃取,留下爸 色結晶固體。將曱醇萃取物蒸發至乾燥,得到深紫色結屋 固體(28. 363克,理論值23. 948克,產率118· 44%,| 示產物包含殘留的氣化鈉)。 產物在漠化鉀片中的FTIR顯示吸收於:3425.3 (m) 、2916. 2 ( s)、1 635. 5 ( s)、1 508. 2 ( m)、1438. 8 ( m )、1438. 8 ( m)、1 338· 5 ( s)、1 272. 9 ( w)、1 242· 1 ( 21 1258371
W)及 1141.8U)公分-丨。(s=強;m=中;WD ◦ .01 Μ於水中的溶液之可見光譜,在權奈米(莫耳 吸收係數’ 38.79 )及545奈米(莫耳吸收係數,42·8ι) 具有兩個最大值。 〇·1莫耳於水中的溶液之ρΗ是3·996。將1〇毫升的部 份以200毫升的0·1莫耳碳酸氫鈉溶液稀釋。沒有形成沈 版物。浴液具有7. 987的pH值。溶液的可見光譜,在4〇9 奈米(莫耳吸收係數,47·46)及558奈米(莫耳吸收係數 ,47. 67 )具有兩個最大值。 實施例3 二-甲硫胺酸鉻鹽酸鹽預混物(〇 · 1 %鉻)之製備· 量取100毫升的蒸餾水至400毫升的燒杯中。加入氯 化鉻六水合物(6·672克,〇·〇251莫耳),並且加熱混合 物同時攪拌直到固體完全溶解為止。加入L—甲硫胺酸( 11 · 2 01克,〇 · 〇 7 51莫耳),並將混合物加熱同時攪拌。溶 液從深綠色轉成深藍綠色。持續在90 —95t:加熱再6〇分鐘 。將溶液卻至3(TC。逐滴加入氫氧化鈉(h 967克, 0.0492莫耳)溶解於50毫升水中之冷卻溶液,同時攪拌 。浴液的顏色變成深紫色。將溶液在減壓下蒸發至乾燥。 將殘留物溶解於100毫升的甲醇,並將溶液加到1〇〇〇克的 載劑。將混合物置於60°c的烘箱24小時。如實施例i之 說明,藉由UV/Vis、比色計以及HPLC而分析乾燥預混物 之樣品。預混物是用於豬的飼養試驗。 實施例4 22 1258371 量取1 50 0毫升的水至4公 A开的^杯中。加入氯化鉻六 水合物( 390.993克,:L 4675苴五)、, 〇莫耳),亚且加熱混合物同 蚪攪拌直到固體完全溶解為止。 士 符,加熱同時攪拌再1小 才至凡王水口鉻鹽。加人L—甲硫胺酸(⑽⑽克, 7.13δ莫耳),並將混合物加熱同時攪拌,直到所有固體 都〉谷解為止。持續加熱同時攪 一 了欖井1 j、¥。洛液的顏色變成 深紫色。將溶液以蒸餾水加滿至4公升。 〉谷液的pH疋2.336。直句冬 3 2 5. 61 %的甲硫胺酸以及 1 · 8 6 %的鉻。 0.01 Μ於水中的溶液之可見光譜,在416奈米(莫耳 吸收係數’ 1G2· 5)及579. 5奈米(莫耳吸收係數,1〇1. 9 )具有兩個最大值。 0·1莫耳於水中的溶液之ΡΗ是2.285。將10毫升的部 份以200毫升的〇.〗莫耳碳酸氫鈉溶液稀釋。沒有形成沈 澱物。溶液具有7.546的pH值。溶液的可見光譜,在 4〇9. 5奈米(莫耳吸收係數,43. 89 )及558奈米(莫耳吸 收係數,46. 83 )具有兩個最大值。 實施例5 二甲硫胺酸鉻鹽酸鹽對於乳牛表現之影響: 研究以三-L-甲硫胺酸鉻鹽酸鹽的形式補充鉻,對於初 產乳牛的表現之影響。使用72隻牛以測定乳汁產量及乾 物質攝取,是否受到初產期間飲食中補充三—L_甲硫胺酸鉻 鹽酸鹽而影響。從預產期前第21天直到分娩,將牛餵食 23 1258371 高度非草料纖維杳 、隹來源的食物或高度非_ 物,然後再餵舍並 & # I水化合物的食 曰、的泌乳食物。將三〜丨 鹽經由膠拿錠r ~ L〜甲硫胺酸鉻鹽酸 、、疋(ge!cap),以 〇 m ^ 斤代謝體重的劑量,每曰補充的、南6 t克公 後根據以建立的方土山 俊的弟&天。牛在生小牛 的方法而出奶。在整個實 — 隻牛記錄飼料的摄跑—、田 、U間,母天對母 物質的含量。在奋…> 物的樣叩,並且測定乾 在只驗的泌乳i月門,益k , 乳汁重量。在餐, 母次出奶都記錄個別的 在母週的一個24小脖:a日叫〜 中採取乳汁揭π ^ J ^月間内,從所有的出奶 ”木取礼汁樣品,根據每次 並且分析脂肪、蛋白質、激姑 生的礼,十!而混合, 、一 鬼白貝礼糖以及總固形物。 以三-L1硫胺酸鉻鹽酸 響乾物質的攝取。然而,鉻 料中亚不會影 向(p<(M 的補充部有增加乳汁產量的傾 __ 鉻HC1毫克/公斤BW·75
產鈿的乾物質袭丞」公斤/曰) j·後的乾物(公斤/曰) 乳汁產量(ϋ^ρι) 乳脂肪(公生乙 %乳脂肪 %乳蛋白質____ %乳汁乳糖 乳固形物() %乳固形物 24 1258371 這個實施例以及本發明之鉻(III)錯合物,可與傳統的 惰性營養載劑-起使用,例>,蒸餾器發酵液、飼料穀物 、家禽以及魚肉的副產物、玉米粉、乳漿、 : 八然盟、磨碎 的玉米穗轴、羽毛粗粉等。 實施例6 三-L-甲硫胺酸鉻鹽酸鹽在大鼠中之毒性: 在投予單一的口服劑量後,研究二一丨— 九一 L甲硫胺酸鉻鹽酸 鹽在大氣中之毒性。將5〇隻六週大的大鼠用於本研究⑺ 隻母氣以及25隻公鼠)。公氣的體重範圍是從13G至22〇 及母氣的體重範圍是從12〇纟19〇克。將動物圈養 在Μ酸㈣籠中’覆蓋無塵的鑛木屬墊草,每植5隹 將籠子置於饥以及55%相制度的空調室。任意^大 鼠丸狀的完全食物。在於遊二 :王广在奴樂刖使動物禁食隔夜,並且在投 ,v 〜^予動物飲水。將動物隨機 :」五組處理組中的-虹。將兩組的每…動物,一 、、且么乳以及一組雌鼠,分 〜 古古/ 則母個處理。處理是對照組、 250笔克/公斤、5〇〇毫克/公 臺券/八^ 1 000笔克/公斤以及20 0 0 毛兑/ △斤的劑量。將化合物 服郝丨景Μ丄 义艰甲之洛液,以單一的口 片 错由胃管餵食器而投予 # 1 4 . ΛΑ 卞在接叉劑量後,將動物維 导 天的觀察期。將存活的動 前(研究期門各、…、 天殺死。在處理 量。 間母週兩次)以及死亡時,立即記錄動物的重 在研究期間沒有動物死亡, 的化合物之私从士 ^ 及在&予任何劑量水平 之動物中’也沒有觀察到與處理有關的臨床徵兆 25 1258371 。此外,在口服劑量後的第14夭、隹—p麵仏任入 大進仃屍體h驗的動物中 ,也沒有肉眼可見的異常。然而,名 在給予2000毫克/公斤 劑量的公鼠中,觀察到體中增加量 , 曰 里的5 %減少。這個劑量 是豬的推薦劑量之4000倍。此外 , 匕外,在以1 000及2000毫克 /公斤劑量處理的組別中,相較 … 對照組,也注意到食物 消耗之與劑量有關的減少。 這些結果顯示,在這些實驗條半 ..^ , 、取1木仵下,在大鼠中投予單 服劑量的三—甲硫胺酸鉻’於豬的推薦劑量之测倍 t劑量水平,並不會誘發任何毒性。投予推薦劑量之2〇00 倍的劑量’是與食物消耗的減少有關,但與體重的增加量 之減少無關。在2000毫克/公斤的劑量,其為推薦劑量的 4000仑,食物消耗的減少是與體重增加量的稍微減少有關
26
Claims (1)
- U5837W±E ] :-s Λ修(更:丨正 拾、申請專利範園·· i 一種具有下式之路錯合物:結構1 其中R是正常存在於天然胺基酸中的有機分子部份 ,以及“ X”是水溶性陰離子。 2·如申請專利範圍第1項之錯合物,其中“X”是單 價的。 3·如申請專利範圍第1項之錯合物,其中“X”是選 擇自由氯離子、溴離子、碘離子、硫酸根、磷酸根、醋酸 根以及丙酸根所組成的族群中。 4·如申請專利範圍第1項之錯合物,其中“ R,,係經 擇使得天然胺基酸是選擇自由精胺酸、組胺酸、異白 月女酸、白胺酸、離胺酸、曱硫胺酸、苯丙胺酸、蘇胺酸、 色胺酸、纈胺酸以及甘胺酸所組成的族群中之一種。 5. 一種增強家畜生物利用率之營養組合物,其包括 下式之鉻錯合物: 27 1258371 〇其中“R”是正常存在於夭%少…1純丄 丁你"、天然胺基酸中的有機分子部份 以及“ X”是水溶性陰離子,盎 括H & & 丁 興一種動物營養載劑結合。 6·如申請專利範圍第5 j苜夕知人札 ^ ^^ 0貝之組合物’其中錯合物之 “X”是單價的。 7·如申請專利範圍帛5項之組合物,其中錯合物之 X是選擇自由氯離子u子、峨離子、硫酸根、填 酸根、醋酸根以及丙酸根所組成的族群中。 8 ·如申請專利範圍第5項之組合物,其中錯合物之 ‘‘ R”係經選擇,使得天然胺基酸是選擇自由精胺酸、組 胺酸、異白胺酸、白胺酸、離胺酸、甲硫胺酸、苯丙胺酸 、蘇胺酸、色胺酸、纈胺酸以及甘胺酸所組成的族群中之 一種0 9·如申請專利範圍第5項之組合物,其中載劑是選 擇自天然鹽、磨碎的玉米穗軸、玉米粉以及羽毛粗粉之惰 性動物營養载劑族群。 10· 一種以鉻(III)的1 : 3錯合物增強動物營養之方 法,其包括: " 將少Ϊ但增強營養有效量的下式之鉻錯合物,投予至 28 1258371 有需要的動物: 〇// 、結構1 甘中“尺” 日 疋正#存在於天然胺基酸中的有機分子部份 ,以及“X”是水溶性陰離子。 申請專利範圍第10項之方法,其中動物是豬 ’以及劑量係可提供多至300 ppm的鉻者。 12. 如申請專利範圍帛1〇項之方法 ,以及劑量是從0.03毫克力物疋牛 重。 "克"“重至〇肩毫克/公斤體 13. 一種形成1: 3鉻(⑴)極性溶齊I可溶性鉻〜 酸錯合物之方法,其包括: ° α胺基 加熱鉻(Π I)鹽的水溶液至接近沸騰; 將約3當量的α胺基酸加入至加熱的混合物; 持續加熱直到顏色從深紅色變成紫色為止·、 冷卻並調整pH,以穩定錯合物。 1 4·如申請專利範圍第】3項之方法,苴 9 0。(:至95°C的範圍内之溫度。 …、疋到 29 1258371 1 5 士〇 由 請專利範圍第14項之方法,其中pH是調整 到從、,’' ·9至約4· 0的範圍内。 - 種~強家畜生物利用率之營養組合物,其包括 下式I錯合物:直中 ‘‘ R,, 曰 ’、“” 疋正常存在於天然胺基酸中的有機分子部份 以 X疋水/谷性陰離子,全部存在於液體形式的载中 〇 17·如申請專利範圍第 之“ X”是單價的。 1 6項之組合物,其中錯合物人,.*申請專利範圍第16項之組合物,其中錯合物 之“r S選擇自由氯離子、漠離子、碘離子、硫酸根、 磷酸根、醋酸根以及丙酸根所組成的族群中。 組胺酸、異白胺酸、 酸、蘇胺酸、色胺酸 之一種。 “1:.如申請專利範圍第16項之組合物,其中錯合物 m經選擇’使得天'然胺基酸是選擇自由精腔酸、 白胺酸、離胺酸、甲硫胺酸、苯丙胺 、纈胺酸以及甘胺酸所組成的族群中 30 1258371 20.如申請專利範圍第1 6項之組合物,其中溶劑是 選擇自水、乙醇、糖蜜或任何其他適合的溶劑或適合的溶 劑之混合物。 拾壹、圖式: 無
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HK1070584A1 (en) | 2005-06-24 |
WO2003101436A1 (en) | 2003-12-11 |
AU2003223768B2 (en) | 2005-04-14 |
US20030228394A1 (en) | 2003-12-11 |
ZA200401741B (en) | 2005-01-26 |
KR20040045498A (ko) | 2004-06-01 |
EP1509212A1 (en) | 2005-03-02 |
AU2003223768A1 (en) | 2003-12-19 |
NZ531747A (en) | 2006-02-24 |
BRPI0306160B1 (pt) | 2018-11-21 |
CN1610541A (zh) | 2005-04-27 |
EP1509212B1 (en) | 2007-05-30 |
CN1329024C (zh) | 2007-08-01 |
MXPA04011793A (es) | 2005-03-31 |
PT1509212E (pt) | 2007-08-08 |
TW200306845A (en) | 2003-12-01 |
DE60314137T2 (de) | 2008-01-24 |
US20070134300A1 (en) | 2007-06-14 |
JP4148366B2 (ja) | 2008-09-10 |
BR0306160A (pt) | 2004-10-19 |
JP2005519993A (ja) | 2005-07-07 |
CA2467805A1 (en) | 2003-12-11 |
CA2467805C (en) | 2009-09-15 |
AR039865A1 (es) | 2005-03-02 |
ATE363272T1 (de) | 2007-06-15 |
US7445803B2 (en) | 2008-11-04 |
US7247328B2 (en) | 2007-07-24 |
CY1108027T1 (el) | 2013-09-04 |
KR100613037B1 (ko) | 2006-08-16 |
ES2286425T3 (es) | 2007-12-01 |
DE60314137D1 (de) | 2007-07-12 |
DK1509212T3 (da) | 2007-09-03 |
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