WO2022224776A1 - 脂質減少促進剤 - Google Patents
脂質減少促進剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022224776A1 WO2022224776A1 PCT/JP2022/016109 JP2022016109W WO2022224776A1 WO 2022224776 A1 WO2022224776 A1 WO 2022224776A1 JP 2022016109 W JP2022016109 W JP 2022016109W WO 2022224776 A1 WO2022224776 A1 WO 2022224776A1
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- daphnia magna
- lipid
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
- A61K31/4738—Quinolines; Isoquinolines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4745—Quinolines; Isoquinolines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems condensed with ring systems having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. phenantrolines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel lipid reduction promoting agent, a method for producing the same, a composition containing the lipid reduction promoting agent, and a method for promoting lipid reduction.
- Obesity is one of the most serious diseases in modern society, the main cause of which is excessive intake of fat. Excessive fat intake is known to cause not only obesity, but also lifestyle-related diseases such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and arteriosclerosis due to obesity.
- a lipase inhibitor As therapeutic agents for obesity, mazindol, an appetite suppressant, and orlistat, a lipase inhibitor, are used.
- these medications can cause dry mouth, constipation, nausea, insomnia, headaches and heart palpitations, as well as oil spots, flatulence, urge to defecate, increased bowel movements, faecal incontinence, rectal leakage, upper respiratory infections and steatorrhea.
- Such side effects have been reported, and it cannot necessarily be said that the safety is sufficient.
- IPQ imidazopyrroloquinoline
- An object of the present invention is to provide a novel lipid reduction promoting agent that can safely and efficiently promote lipid reduction by using the IPQ as a substance useful for eliminating obesity, a method for producing the same, and the lipid reduction promotion.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a composition containing the agent and a method for promoting lipid reduction.
- a lipid-reducing promoter comprising an imidazopyrroloquinoline represented by Formula 1 and/or a salt thereof as an active ingredient.
- R represents an amino acid residue.
- the R is a glycine residue, an alanine residue, an arginine residue, a histidine residue, an isoleucine residue, a leucine residue, a lysine residue, a serine residue, a threonine residue, a tryptophan residue, a tyrosine residue, or The agent of [1], which is a valine residue.
- a novel lipid reduction promoting agent that can safely and efficiently promote lipid reduction, a method for producing the same, a composition containing the lipid reduction promoting agent, and a method for promoting lipid reduction can be provided.
- a novel growth promoter can be provided.
- IPQ and/or its salt used in the present invention have no cytotoxicity, it can be said that the agents and compositions of the present invention have sufficient safety for animals such as humans.
- FIG. 1 shows a comparative graph of body fat mass of Daphnia magna in Examples and Comparative Examples.
- Fig. 2 shows the relationship between the logarithm of the diet of Daphnia magna and the amount of fat.
- 1 shows the LC-MS analysis results of H-IPQ of Production Example 1.
- 2 shows the LC-MS analysis results of Arg-IPQ of Production Example 2.
- FIG. 2 shows the LC-MS analysis results of Leu-IPQ of Production Example 3.
- lipid reduction promoter In the process of studying the physiological functions of IPQ, the present inventors grew microcrustaceans under IPQ-supplemented conditions and discovered that IPQ has the effect of promoting lipid reduction. That is, lipid reduction promoting agents are based on this finding and contain IPQ and/or a salt thereof as an active ingredient.
- IPQ used in this embodiment is a compound having a chemical structure represented by Formula 1 below. (In Formula 1, R represents an amino acid residue.)
- R in Formula 1 represents a residue (referred to as an "amino acid residue") when an amino acid is reacted with pyrroloquinoline quinone.
- Amino acid residues represented by R are not particularly limited, but examples include glycine residues, alanine residues, arginine residues, asparagine residues, aspartic acid residues, cysteine residues, glutamine residues, glutamic acid residues. , histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine residues.
- R is preferably glycine residue, alanine residue, arginine residue, histidine residue, isoleucine residue, leucine residue, lysine residue, serine residue, threonine residue, tryptophan residue, tyrosine A residue, a valine residue, more preferably a glycine residue or a leucine residue, or an arginine residue.
- R is a glycine residue
- R represents a hydrogen atom. The use of such amino acid residues tends to further improve fat loss promoting action.
- the salt of IPQ is obtained by forming a salt with the carboxyl group in formula 1 with an alkali metal ion or the like.
- the salt of IPQ is not particularly limited, but examples include alkali metal salts such as sodium and potassium (specifically, IPQ sodium, IPQ potassium, etc.), alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium and magnesium (specifically, , IPQ calcium, IPQ magnesium, etc.), IPQ aluminum, IPQ zinc, IPQ manganese and IPQ iron.
- IPQ salts are preferably IPQ sodium and IPQ calcium.
- sodium salts can be monosodium, disodium, and trisodium, and IPQ disodium is particularly readily available and easy to use.
- the salt of IPQ may be a hydrate. It may also contain a crystallization solvent.
- IPQ and its salts used in the present invention can be obtained by reacting an amino acid with pyrroloquinoline quinone.
- the IPQ thus obtained has amino acid residues that are substitutions specific to the amino acid used.
- the method of obtaining IPQ and its salts is not particularly limited, and they may be natural ones derived from animals or plants, or those obtained by chemical synthesis methods, fermentation methods, or the like.
- a suitable method for producing IPQ and its salt can be appropriately selected based on the purity, production cost, and the like of IPQ and its salt to be obtained.
- lipid reduction promoting agent means an agent that has the effect of promoting lipid reduction in vivo.
- lipid is a generic term for water-insoluble substances that exist in vivo.
- the lipid to be metabolized may be solid or liquid at room temperature, but is preferably solid.
- the room temperature generally means 15 to 25° C. in accordance with the general rules of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia 16th Edition.
- Lipids include, for example, simple lipids (neutral lipids, etc.), complex lipids (phospholipids, glycolipids, etc.), derived lipids (fatty acids, cholesterol, etc.), and the like. Of these, simple lipids are preferred as the lipids targeted in the first embodiment, neutral lipids are more preferred, and triacylglycerols (triglycerides) are most preferred.
- facilitating the reduction of lipids mainly refers to decomposing lipids, but is not particularly limited to this as long as the amount of lipids can be reduced.
- facilitating lipid reduction includes the concept of decomposing lipids to reduce lipids in the body (sometimes referred to as “facilitating lipid metabolism” or “burning lipids”), and and the concept of suppressing the accumulation of lipids in the body, such as by reducing lipids.
- the promotion of fat reduction in the first embodiment is preferably the promotion of lipid metabolism, in which lipids are decomposed to reduce lipids in the body.
- lipids are exemplified by body fat (subcutaneous fat, visceral fat, etc.) and blood lipids depending on the location in the body, but body fat is preferably decomposed to reduce body fat in the body. It is preferable to promote body fat metabolism.
- fat reduction in the first embodiment is preferably promotion of neutral fat metabolism.
- the agent of the first embodiment is useful as a food or pharmaceutical for prevention and treatment of obesity (also referred to as "obesity"), promotion of liver fat reduction, promotion of body fat reduction, etc. through its lipid reduction promoting action. Furthermore, the agent of the first embodiment is also useful as a food or pharmaceutical for the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by obesity. Examples of such diseases include, but are not limited to, metabolic syndrome, fatty liver, diabetes (including type 2 diabetes), hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and arteriosclerosis.
- the agent of the first embodiment is preferably used together with exercise. More specifically, it is preferable to take it when exercising with an exercise intensity of 3 METs or more, or within 1 hour before the start of the exercise or within 1 hour after the end of the exercise. By administering or ingesting the agent of the first embodiment at such timing, lipid metabolism by exercise can be promoted more efficiently.
- “METS” is a unit that indicates exercise intensity, and is an index of how many times the energy consumption during a certain physical activity is greater than the energy consumption at rest. According to Mets, 3.5 ml/kg/min is defined as one unit of the amount of oxygen required to maintain a resting state (oxygen demand) regardless of gender or body weight. Although not particularly limited, for example, a sitting and resting state corresponds to 1 METs, normal walking corresponds to 3 METs, and an intensity of 3 METs is defined as medium intensity. In the first embodiment, the type of exercise used in combination with the agent is not particularly limited as long as it is physical activity with an exercise intensity of 3 METs or more.
- the present inventors In the process of studying the physiological function of IPQ, the present inventors grew microcrustaceans under the condition that IPQ was added, and discovered that IPQ has the effect of improving the growth-promoting function. That is, the growth promoter is based on this finding and contains IPQ and/or a salt thereof as an active ingredient.
- IPQ and/or its salt used in the growth promoter of the second embodiment are the same as those described above.
- growth promoter means an agent that promotes the growth of living organisms. As used herein, “growth” refers to body size and its speed.
- the agent of the present embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it is a method used for promoting lipid reduction or improving growth promotion, for example, for humans or animals, used as food, functional food, pharmaceuticals or quasi-drugs can do.
- functional food as used herein means a food that is ingested for the purpose of maintaining health or supplementing nutrients in place of meals, such as health food, nutritional supplement, nutritive functional food, and nutritional insurance food. Specific forms include, but are not limited to, capsules, tablets, chewables, tablets, drinks and the like.
- the agent of this embodiment can be used by methods such as oral administration, injection, drip infusion, and skin absorption.
- oral administration the agent of this embodiment can be used by mixing with other substances in the form of hard capsules, soft capsules or tablets.
- the agent of this embodiment can also be used as a drink, an infusion solution, and an injection solution.
- the agent of the present embodiment is preferably orally ingested as a drink, soft capsule, or tablet.
- the agent of the present embodiment is useful as a medicine, food, etc., and can be applied to mammals.
- mammals include, for example, primates (e.g. humans, monkeys, chimpanzees), rodents (e.g. mice, rats, guinea pigs), pets (e.g. dogs, cats, rabbits), working animals or farm animals. (eg, bovine, equine, porcine, sheep, goat), but humans are preferred in this embodiment.
- the dose (intake) of the agent of the present embodiment may be appropriately adjusted according to the body weight or size of the animal.
- composition of the present embodiment contains the agent of the present embodiment. Since the composition of this embodiment contains the agent of this embodiment, it can have all the effects exhibited by the agent of this embodiment. That is, the composition of the present embodiment has lipid reduction-promoting action and growth-promoting action.
- lipid reduction promotion and “growth promotion” are as described above.
- the above carrier can be appropriately selected depending on the dosage form of the formulation (composition), and is not particularly limited. , antioxidants, coloring agents, flavoring agents, sweetening agents and the like.
- Excipients are not particularly limited, but include, for example, sugars (sucrose, lactose, glucose, mannitol, etc.), starch (cornstarch, etc.), crystalline cellulose, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and the like.
- binders include, but are not limited to, pregelatinized starch, gelatin, gum tragacanth, gum arabic, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, crystalline cellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, and the like. mentioned.
- the lubricant is not particularly limited, but examples include magnesium stearate, talc, polyethylene glycol, silica, hydrogenated vegetable oil and the like.
- the disintegrant is not particularly limited, but examples include starch, crystalline cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, agar, calcium citrate, calcium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, dextrin and the like.
- the solvent is not particularly limited, but examples include water, ethanol, glycerol, physiological saline, and soybean oil.
- the stabilizer is not particularly limited, but examples include benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, ethyl parahydroxybenzoate, propylene glycol and the like.
- the solubilizing agent is not particularly limited, but includes, for example, fumaric acid, succinic acid, and malic acid.
- Antioxidants are not particularly limited, but include, for example, ascorbic acid, tocopherol, sodium hydrogen sulfite, sodium thiosulfate, sodium pyrosulfite, and citric acid.
- Coloring agents, flavoring agents, and sweetening agents include those that are usually allowed to be added in the pharmaceutical and food fields.
- the content of IPQ and/or a salt thereof in the composition of the present embodiment is preferably 0.10 to 99.99% by mass, more preferably 0.60, relative to the total weight of the composition of the present embodiment. 99.90% by mass, more preferably 1.00 to 99.90% by mass.
- the content of IPQ and/or its salt in the agent of this embodiment is treated as the weight of the substance. Therefore, it is not necessary to convert the IPQ salt to the free form of IPQ, and when the IPQ salt forms a hydrate, the weight is calculated in the form containing water molecules.
- composition of this embodiment can be used as a medicine (that is, a pharmaceutical composition).
- the pharmaceutical composition of this embodiment can be treated as a prophylactic or therapeutic drug for diseases associated with obesity, and such diseases are as described above.
- the composition of the present embodiment can be treated as a therapeutic agent for promoting growth.
- the administration method of the pharmaceutical composition of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and generally includes an administration method by oral administration.
- oral administration Intravenous, intraarterial
- subcutaneous administration subcutaneous administration
- transdermal administration intrarectal administration, etc.
- IPQ and/or a salt thereof which are active ingredients, are both edible, oral administration is preferably employed in this embodiment.
- the dosage form of the pharmaceutical composition of this embodiment is not particularly limited, and can be in a form suitable for the administration method.
- Forms suitable for oral administration include, for example, tablets, lozenges, hard or soft capsules, aqueous or oily suspensions, emulsions, dispersible powders or granules, syrups or elixirs, and the like.
- Forms suitable for parenteral administration include, for example, forms suitable for parenteral injection such as sterile solutions, suspensions, emulsions, etc. for intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravascular or infusion administration, transdermal.
- Forms suitable for administration include creams, ointments, gels, aqueous or oily solutions (including suspensions), and the like.
- composition of the present embodiment can also be used as a food or drink (that is, a food or drink composition).
- a food or drink composition that is, a food or drink composition.
- the food and drink composition of the present embodiment can be formulated by a conventional method using carriers commonly used in the field of food and drink in addition to the pharmaceutically acceptable carriers described above.
- Food and drink in this embodiment means food and drink in general, but in addition to general foods including so-called health foods, foods for special dietary uses (foods for specified health use, foods for sick people, swallows) stipulated by the Consumer Affairs Agency Foods for people with disabilities, etc.) and nutritionally functional foods are also included, and supplements, feeds, etc. are also included in the food and drink products of the present embodiment.
- the food and drink composition of the present embodiment is not particularly limited in its dosage form, and includes fine granules, granules, pills, tablets (including coated tablets and sugar-coated tablets), capsules (hard capsules, soft capsules, and microcapsules). ), beverages, drinks, liquids (including syrups, emulsions and suspensions), powdered foods, jelly, candy and the like.
- the dosage (ingestion amount) of the agent and composition of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and may be within an effective amount that can express lipid reduction promoting action and growth promoting action in the body.
- the dosage can be appropriately set according to individual differences, symptoms, administration methods, and the like.
- the dosage (ingestion) per day can be administered (taken) at once or divided into several times (for example, 2 or 3 times).
- Administration (ingestion) of the agent and composition of the present embodiment may be performed before, after, or between meals, and the period thereof is not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present embodiment are exhibited.
- administration is used in this specification, it is meant to include the concept of "ingestion” as well.
- IPQ and/or its salt can be formulated into separate formulations, in which case both formulations can be used in combination in this embodiment.
- the agent and composition of the present embodiment it is also possible to use it in combination with existing ingredients that have lipid reduction-promoting effects and growth-promoting effects.
- the order of administration of the agents and compositions of the present embodiments and the existing ingredients may be simultaneous or separate.
- administration of the agents and compositions of the present embodiments may either precede or follow the existing ingredients.
- Existing ingredients that promote lipid reduction are not particularly limited, but examples include tea extracts, cacao extracts, coffee bean mannooligosaccharides, procyanidins derived from apples, transglycosylated hesperidin, resveratrol, green citrus extract, and citrus nalidinin.
- glucosamine glucosamine
- mushroom chitosan chitosan
- diacylglycerol medium-chain fatty acids
- EPA DHA
- soybean protein plant sterols ( ⁇ -sitosterol, etc.)
- dietary fiber derived from psyllium seed coat, low molecular weight sodium alginate, guarana, ginger, garcinia
- examples include, but are not limited to, globin proteolysates, carnitine, ⁇ -lipoic acid, plant stanol esters, phospholipid-bound soybean peptides, or combinations thereof.
- the IPQ used in this example has the structure shown below and was prepared according to Production Examples 1 to 3 described later.
- LC-MS analysis was performed for substance identification, and the measurement conditions were as follows: instrument: Alliance 22695 (Waters); eluent: 0.1% formic acid: 0.1% aqueous ammonia: methanol (40%: 30%: 30%); Eluent rate: 0.5 mL/min; injection volume: 20 ⁇ L; column: XBrigde C18 5 ⁇ m, 4.6 ⁇ 250 mm; column temperature: 40° C.; UV detection wavelength: 254 nm; set.
- the pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium salt used as the raw material of IPQ used Mitsubishi Gas Chemical BioPQQ.
- reagents manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. were used unless otherwise specified. (In Formula 1, R represents an amino acid residue.)
- Daphnia magna (scientific name: Daphnia magna) was used for the lipid reduction acceleration test.
- Chlorella (scientific name: Chlorella vulgaris), which is food for Daphnia magna, was produced by Nikkai Center Co., Ltd.
- the parent Daphnia magna was grown in a water tank at a water temperature of 22°C with a daily cycle of 8 hours of light and 16 hours of darkness. 8 ⁇ 10 7 pieces of chlorella were fed on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays.
- the breeding water in the aquarium was changed once a week. Under such rearing conditions, offspring Daphnia magna born from parent Daphnia magna were used in the following examples.
- Example 1 Rearing in the presence of IPQ Ten offspring Daphnia magna were reared in 500 mL of mineral water (water temperature: 22°C) in a daily cycle of 8 hours under light conditions and 16 hours under dark conditions. Chlorella as food was given daily to each Daphnia magna at 8 ⁇ 10 5 to 9 ⁇ 10 5 pieces/day. Twenty-four hours after the start of breeding, H-IPQ was added to the breeding water at a concentration of 50 ⁇ M or 200 ⁇ M, and 8 ⁇ 10 5 to 9 ⁇ 10 5 pieces of chlorella were continuously fed per Daphnia magna per day. rice field. Four days after starting to add H-IPQ to the rearing water, Nile red was used to stain the fat of Daphnia magna.
- Example 2 Rearing in the presence of Arg-IPQ Ten offspring Daphnia magna were reared in 500 mL of mineral water (water temperature: 22°C) in a daily cycle of 8 hours of light and 16 hours of darkness. Chlorella as food was given daily to each Daphnia magna at 8 ⁇ 10 5 to 9 ⁇ 10 5 pieces/day. Twenty-four hours after the start of breeding, Arg-IPQ was added to the breeding water so that the concentration was 80 mg/L, and 8 ⁇ 10 5 to 9 ⁇ 10 5 pieces of chlorella were continuously fed per Daphnia magna per day. rice field. Four days after the start of Arg-IPQ addition to the rearing water, Daphnia magna fat was stained using Nile Red.
- Example 3 Rearing in the presence of Leu-IPQ
- Ten offspring Daphnia magna were reared in 500 mL of mineral water (water temperature: 22°C) in a daily cycle of 8 hours of light and 16 hours of darkness. Chlorella as food was given daily to each Daphnia magna at 8 ⁇ 10 5 to 9 ⁇ 10 5 pieces/day.
- Leu-IPQ was added to the breeding water so that the concentration was 80 mg/L, and 8 ⁇ 10 5 to 9 ⁇ 10 5 pieces/day of chlorella was continuously fed to each Daphnia magna. rice field.
- Nile Red was used to stain the fat of Daphnia magna.
- Fluorescence intensity was measured with a plate reader by excitation at 485 nm/detection at 535 nm. This measurement work was performed for five Daphnia magna each.
- Table 2 shows the results of comparing body fat mass based on fluorescence intensity. Table 2 shows the fluorescence intensities of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 2 and 3, using the fluorescence intensity of Comparative Example 1 as a reference (100).
- Table 3 shows the results of measuring the body length of Daphnia magna bred in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3.
- Example 3 compared with the control (Comparative Example 1), in Example 1 with the addition of H-IPQ, the body length did not grow that much, but Arg-IPQ and Leu-IPQ were added. In Examples 2 and 3, the body length grew larger, and a growth-promoting effect was observed.
- Example 4 Exercise performance evaluation Daphnia magna (control) bred under IPQ-free conditions described in Comparative Example 1 and H-IPQ, Arg-IPQ or Leu-IPQ described in Examples 1 to 3 were bred.
- I used Daphnia magna. 20 mL of mineral water was placed in each of four 100 mm glass Petri dishes, and Daphnia magna reared in Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1 to 3 were transferred one by one. The petri dishes were placed next to each other and the movements of the daphnids were recorded for 1 minute. This was repeated three times using different individuals.
- Kinovea video analysis software was then used to analyze the distance traveled by the daphnids for 30 seconds. Table 4 shows the results.
- Daphnia magna are in a state of constant exercise, which is considered to be a state of exercise of 3 METs or more when compared to the exercise intensity of humans.
- This approximate straight line formula can be regarded as a relational expression showing the amount of feed, that is, the logarithm of calorie intake and the amount of fat (fluorescence intensity) after feeding.
- the amount of fat (fluorescence intensity) after breeding in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 measured above was substituted for y in the above formula to calculate x.
- the value of x in Comparative Example 1 was calculated as x0, and the value of each experiment as xs.
- Calorie restriction equivalent 100 x (1-x0/x1)
- the IPQs used in Examples 1 to 3 did not reduce the amount of food actually given, and although no calorie restriction was performed, the actual calorie restriction was 45 to 73%. It was found to have a considerable body fat reduction effect.
- the agent of the present invention has industrial applicability as an agent for promoting lipid reduction or improving agent for growth promotion.
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Abstract
Description
〔1〕
式1に示されるイミダゾピロロキノリン及び/又はその塩を有効成分として含む、脂質減少促進剤。
(式1中、Rはアミノ酸残基を示す。)
〔2〕
前記Rが、グリシン残基、アラニン残基、アルギニン残基、ヒスチジン残基、イソロイシン残基、ロイシン残基、リシン残基、セリン残基、トレオニン残基、トリプトファン残基、チロシン残基、又は、バリン残基である、〔1〕に記載の剤。
〔3〕
前記Rが、グリシン残基、ロイシン残基、又はアルギニン残基である、〔2〕に記載の剤。
〔4〕
運動強度3メッツ以上の運動をしているとき、または、前記運動の開始前1時間以内もしくは終了後1時間以内に摂取する、〔1〕~〔3〕のいずれか一項に記載の剤。
〔5〕
前記脂質減少促進が、体脂肪代謝促進である、〔1〕~〔4〕のいずれか一項に記載の剤。
〔6〕
〔1〕~〔5〕のいずれか一項に記載の剤を含む、組成物。
〔7〕
〔1〕~〔5〕のいずれか一項に記載の剤を使用する、脂質の減少促進方法。
〔8〕
式1で示されるイミダゾピロロキノリン及び/又はその塩を有効成分として含む、成長促進剤。
(式1中、Rはアミノ酸残基を示す。)
本発明者らは、IPQの生理機能を研究する過程において、IPQを添加した条件下で微小甲殻類を生育して、IPQが脂質の減少を促進する作用を有することを見出した。すなわち、脂質減少促進剤はこの知見に基づくものであり、IPQ及び/又はその塩を有効成分として含むものである。
本発明者らは、IPQの生理機能を研究する過程において、IPQを添加した条件下で微小甲殻類を生育して、IPQが成長促進機能を改善する作用を有することを見出した。すなわち、成長促進剤はこの知見に基づくものであり、IPQ及び/又はその塩を有効成分として含むものである。
本実施形態の剤は、脂質の減少促進あるいは成長促進の改善に用いる方法であれば特に制限されず、例えば、ヒト用又は動物用の、食品、機能性食品、医薬品又は医薬部外品として使用することができる。ここでいう機能性食品とは、健康食品、栄養補助食品、栄養機能食品、栄養保険食品等、健康の維持あるいは食事にかわり栄養補給の目的で摂取する食品を意味する。具体的な形態としてはカプセル剤、タブレット、チュアブル、錠剤、ドリンク剤等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。
本実施形態の剤は、製剤上の必要に応じて、薬学的に許容される担体を適宜用いて常法により製剤化し、組成物とすることができる(以下、「本実施形態の組成物」と称する)。これにより、本実施形態の組成物は、本実施形態の剤を含有しているということができる。本実施形態の組成物は、本実施形態の剤を含むことから、本実施形態の剤により発揮される効果をすべて有することができる。すなわち、本実施形態の組成物は、脂質減少促進作用や成長促進作用を有する。ここで、「脂質減少促進」及び「成長促進」とは、上記したとおりである。
(式1中、Rはアミノ酸残基を示す。)
PQQジナトリウム100gとグリシン200gを水0.5Lと混合した(pH4.8)。混合から30分後、発泡しながら混合物は固化した。この混合物を70℃に加熱溶融して、さらに3日反応させた。このようにして得られた反応液に対して、10重量%NaCl水を1000g加え、固体成分を濾別した。
PQQジナトリウム2gとアルギニン2gを水18gと混合し、空気下2日間室温で反応した。反応液中の析出物を回収し、エタノールで洗い固体であるアルギニン残基IPQジナトリウム1.92g得た。以下、「Arg-IPQ」ともいう。Arg-IPQの分子量は440であり、LC-MS分析を用いて物質を同定した。図4に示すように[M-H]イオン及び[M-COOH]イオンがそれぞれm/z 439とm/z 395に検出された。
PQQジナトリウム0.5gとロイシン2gを水200gと混合し、空気下3日間室温で反応した。反応液に濃塩酸3mL加えて、析出物を回収した。得られた析出物をpH9のバッファー50mLに溶解させ、塩酸を加えてバッファーのpHを1にして、固体成分を再結晶した。得られた固体成分をエタノールで洗浄して、固体であるロイシン残基IPQ0.164gを得た。以下、「Leu-IPQ」ともいう。Leu-IPQの分子量は397であり、LC-MS分析を用いて物質を同定した。図5に示すように[M-H]イオン及び[M-COOH]イオンがそれぞれm/z 396とm/z 352に検出された。
子のオオミジンコ10匹を、ライト条件8時間、暗条件16時間を一日のサイクルとして、500mLのミネラル水(水温22度)で飼育した。餌となるクロレラは、オオミジンコ一匹当たり、8×105~9×105個/日となるように、毎日与えた。飼育開始から24時間後に、濃度50μMまたは200μMとなるように、飼育水にH-IPQを添加し、引き続き餌となるクロレラもオオミジンコ一匹当たり8×105~9×105個/日与え続けた。飼育水にH-IPQを添加し始めてから4日後、ナイルレッドを使用してオオミジンコの脂肪を染色した。
子のオオミジンコ10匹を、ライト条件8時間、暗条件16時間を一日のサイクルとして、500mLのミネラル水(水温22度)で飼育した。餌となるクロレラは、オオミジンコ一匹当たり、8×105~9×105個/日となるように、毎日与えた。飼育開始から5日後、ナイルレッドを使用して脂肪を染色した。
子のオオミジンコ10匹を、ライト条件8時間、暗条件16時間を一日のサイクルとして、500mLのミネラル水(水温22度)で飼育した。餌となるクロレラは、オオミジンコ一匹当たり、8×105~9×105個/日となるように、毎日与えた。飼育開始から24時間後に、濃度80mg/Lとなるように、飼育水にArg-IPQを添加し、引き続き餌となるクロレラもオオミジンコ一匹当たり8×105~9×105個/日与え続けた。飼育水にArg-IPQを添加し始めてから4日後、ナイルレッドを使用してオオミジンコの脂肪を染色した。
子のオオミジンコ10匹を、ライト条件8時間、暗条件16時間を一日のサイクルとして、500mLのミネラル水(水温22度)で飼育した。餌となるクロレラは、オオミジンコ一匹当たり、8×105~9×105個/日となるように、毎日与えた。飼育開始から24時間後に、濃度80mg/Lとなるように、飼育水にLeu-IPQを添加し、引き続き餌となるクロレラもオオミジンコ一匹当たり8×105~9×105個/日与え続けた。飼育水にLeu-IPQを添加し始めてから4日後、ナイルレッドを使用してオオミジンコの脂肪を染色した。
子のオオミジンコ10匹を、ライト条件8時間、暗条件16時間を一日のサイクルとして、500mLのミネラル水(水温22度)で飼育した。餌となるクロレラは、オオミジンコ一匹当たり、8×105~9×105個/日となるように、毎日与えた。飼育開始から24時間後に、濃度1mg/Lとなるように、飼育水にECGCを添加し、引き続き餌となるクロレラもオオミジンコ一匹当たり8×105~9×105個/日与え続けた。飼育水にECGCを添加し始めてから4日後、ナイルレッドを使用してオオミジンコの脂肪を染色した。
子のオオミジンコ10匹を、ライト条件8時間、暗条件16時間を一日のサイクルとして、500mLのミネラル水(水温22度)で飼育した。餌となるクロレラは、オオミジンコ一匹当たり、8×105~9×105個/日となるように、毎日与えた。飼育開始から24時間後に、濃度2mg/Lとなるように、飼育水にカルニチンを添加し、引き続き餌となるクロレラもオオミジンコ一匹当たり8×105~9×105個/日与え続けた。飼育水にカルニチンを添加し始めてから4日後、ナイルレッドを使用してオオミジンコの脂肪を染色した。
非特許文献4に準じて脂肪量の測定をした。実施例1~3及び比較例1~3で飼育したオオミジンコを顕微鏡下で体調を計測してからナイルレッド0.5mg/Lを含む水溶液2mLに加え、1時間処理した。その後、水洗いをして各オオミジンコを取り出した。そして、オオミジンコ一匹当たり300μLの水を加え、15分超音波を当てることにより粉砕した。粉砕液を遠心分離して上澄みを取り出した。これをプレートリーダーにより485nm励起/535nm検出により蛍光強度を測定した。この測定作業をオオミジンコ5匹ずつに対して行った。体脂肪量を蛍光強度に基づいて比較した結果を表2に示す。なお、表2では、比較例1の蛍光強度を基準(100)として、実施例1~3及び比較例2~3の蛍光強度を表す。
実施例1~3及び比較例1~3で飼育したオオミジンコの体長測定を行った結果を表3に示す。
オオミジンコの体脂肪率を、下記式により算出した。なお、下記式では、実際の体脂肪量に代えて、上記で測定したナイルレッドの蛍光強度(F.U)を用いている。下記式で算出される比較例1の体脂肪率を基準(100)として、実施例1~3及び比較例2~3の体脂肪率を評価した。その結果を図1に示す。
体脂肪率(%)=(蛍光強度(F.U)÷体長)
比較例1で記載したIPQなし条件下で飼育したオオミジンコ(コントロール)と実施例1~3で記載したH-IPQ、Arg-IPQまたはLeu-IPQ存在下で飼育したオオミジンコを利用した。四つの100mmガラスシャーレに20mLのミネラルウォーターをそれぞれ入れ、そこにそれぞれの比較例1と実施例1~3で飼育したオオミジンコを1匹ずつ移した。シャーレは隣同士に置き、1分間のミジンコの動きを録画した。これを違う個体を用いて3回繰り返した。そしてKinovea動画分析ソフトを用いてミジンコの30秒間移動距離を分析した。その結果を表4に示す。
餌となるクロレラを、オオミジンコ一匹当たり、4×104個/日、2×105個/日と8×105個/日となるよう餌の量を変えたこと以外は、比較例1と同様にしてオオミジンコを飼育し、ナイルレッドを使用してオオミジンコの脂肪を染色した。そして、餌の量の対数と、飼育後の脂肪量(蛍光強度)を、図2のようにプロットした(n=5)。プロットに対して近似直線を引いたところ、近似直線の式は下記式で示され、その相関係数はR=0.996であった。
y=227.49×ln(x)-2360.2
y=飼育後の脂肪量(蛍光強度)
x=餌の量
カロリー制限相当量=100×(1-x0/x1)
Claims (8)
- 前記Rが、グリシン残基、アラニン残基、アルギニン残基、ヒスチジン残基、イソロイシン残基、ロイシン残基、リシン残基、セリン残基、トレオニン残基、トリプトファン残基、チロシン残基、又は、バリン残基である、請求項1に記載の剤。
- 前記Rが、グリシン残基、ロイシン残基、又はアルギニン残基である、請求項2に記載の剤。
- 運動強度3メッツ以上の運動をしているとき、または、前記運動の開始前1時間以内もしくは終了後1時間以内に摂取する、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の剤。
- 前記脂質減少促進が、体脂肪代謝促進である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の剤。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の剤を含む、組成物。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の剤を使用する、脂質の減少促進方法。
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