TWI247351B - A method of varying etch selectivities of a film - Google Patents

A method of varying etch selectivities of a film Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI247351B
TWI247351B TW093124988A TW93124988A TWI247351B TW I247351 B TWI247351 B TW I247351B TW 093124988 A TW093124988 A TW 093124988A TW 93124988 A TW93124988 A TW 93124988A TW I247351 B TWI247351 B TW I247351B
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Taiwan
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region
lattice
film
gate electrode
degenerate
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TW093124988A
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English (en)
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TW200522181A (en
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Justin K Brask
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Intel Corp
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    • H01L21/302Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to change their surface-physical characteristics or shape, e.g. etching, polishing, cutting
    • H01L21/306Chemical or electrical treatment, e.g. electrolytic etching
    • H01L21/30604Chemical etching
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Description

1247351 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本毛明係關於結晶薄膜之圖案化,且更特定古 於一種改變結晶薄膜之蝕刻選擇性之方法。 【先前技術】 自多層圖案化薄膜製造半導體積體電路。圖案化單結晶 及多晶薄膜用於整個現代積體電路製造。例如,諸如磊曰 石夕、碎化鎵及InSb之圖案化半導體結晶薄膜用於在非= 或三閘極設備中形成半導體本體或翼片(fin)。另外,高介 電常數之金屬氧化物結晶薄膜用於在現代積體電路中= 間極介電層。目前’首先,#由在結晶薄膜上方形成二且 =需圖案之遮罩來圖案化結晶薄膜。接著,使用濕姓刻 』來姓刻去結晶薄膜之曝露部分。不幸的是,濕姓刻劑底 切遮罩,在遮罩令之圖案與結晶薄膜中之所得圖案間導致 差的逼真度(fldellty)。結晶薄膜中之圖案化與遮罩間缺乏 逼真度限制了進—步按比例調整㈣e)結晶薄膜之圖 力。為增加特徵密度以產生諸如微處理器之較強 4步知比例調整結晶薄膜尺寸之能力是必 要的。 【發明内容】 本發明描述了 一用你;a ;交、晶薄膜之蝕刻選擇性之;5
法。在如下描诚Φ,M # ;L 了許多特定細節以全面理解本# 明0在其他情況下,為 x 細地描述孰知之车道触占 禾符別评 、之+導體處理技術及特徵。 95560.doc 1247351 本發明係一藉由調節薄膜之晶格能量(lattice 改變結晶薄膜之㈣選擇性之方法。根據本發明,提供一 待姓刻之結晶薄膜。結晶薄膜具有對稱晶格或”退化"晶 ,。接著,將摻雜原子置放於結晶薄膜之—部分中,並將曰 $膜至加熱至足以導致摻雜物取代結晶薄膜中之原子的能 量。利用與結晶薄膜之原子之尺寸充分不同的推雜原子導 致晶格失真,並使晶格非對稱或"非退化"。使晶格之—部 分非退化導致晶格中熱動力穩定性或晶格”能量堆存" ㈣y -ηΡ),且使非退化部分更堅固且更難以被飯刻。 對於敍刻劑來說,較穩定之非退化晶格部分與薄膜之未改 奴退化部分相比具有較高的激活障壁。可藉由利用钱刻 劑而使用結晶薄膜之退化晶格部分與非退化晶格部分間激 障壁的差異,該钮刻劑具有足夠高之以姓刻去結晶 相之退化晶格部分之激活能量但不具有足夠高之以钮刻 去結晶薄膜之非退化晶格部分之激活能量。以此方式,可 =刻去薄膜之退化晶格部分而不㈣薄膜之非退化部分, —致了非常高之選擇性钮刻處理。本發明可用於提供大於 *之選擇)·生。即本發明能夠藉由特定钮刻劑來使韻刻薄 M之退化部分能夠比㈣薄膜之非退化部分快超出_ 倍。可使用該蝕刻選擇性來使能夠利用濕蝕刻劑進行薄膜 ,無遮蔽姓刻及薄膜之各向異性姓刻。該處理可在圖案化 諸如用於形成翼片FET或非平面設備之翼片或本體之半導 體薄膜的結晶薄膜時是有用的,及/或可用來在置換閘極處 理期間(在平面與非平面設備兩者中)移除結晶犧牲閘電 95560.doc 1247351 極。自本發明之描述,諸如用作閘極介電之高介電常數介 電薄膜之選擇性蝕刻之結晶薄膜之選擇性蝕刻的其他使用 將變得顯而易見。 【實施方式】 圖1A-1D說明一用於圖案化根據本發明之實施例之薄膜 之方法的實例。根據本發明,提供待蝕刻之薄膜1〇2。薄膜 102為具有對稱或退化晶格之結晶薄膜。結晶薄膜可為單結 晶薄膜,諸如磊晶薄膜或單晶薄膜。結晶薄膜工〇2亦可為包 括單結晶材料之多晶粒的多晶薄膜。結晶薄膜應為非鑲嵌 式薄膜,藉以個別晶胞或晶粒足夠大使得摻雜原子可被置 放於並取代晶格原子以使晶袼失真,且藉此使晶格非退化 以提供充分不同的晶格能量,並藉此與退化晶格部分相比 具有對钱刻劑之充分不同的激活障壁。在本發明之實施例 中,結晶薄膜1 〇2具有非鑲嵌式退化晶袼。在本發明之實施 例中,、纟rr sa薄膜1 02為單結晶半導體薄膜,諸如(但不限於) 矽、砷化鎵及InSb。在本發明之實施例中,結晶薄膜1〇2為 高介電常數金屬氧化物薄膜,諸如(但不限於)氧化銓、氧化 錯、氧化鈦及氧化鈕。 結晶薄膜102形成於基板1〇4上。在本發明之實施例中, 基板104為絕緣基板1 〇4,以形成絕緣體上半導體(go〗)基 板。在本發明之實施例中,絕緣基板包含絕緣薄膜1〇6,諸 如形成於矽單晶基板108上之二氧化矽或氮化矽。 接著,如圖1B所示,將摻雜原子置放於結晶薄膜1〇2内以 在結晶薄膜102内形成摻雜區域11〇。可藉由在結晶薄膜1〇2 95560.doc 1247351 上方形成遮罩112而形成摻雜區域110。遮罩112具有一界定 摻雜物待置放於結晶薄膜1G2内處之位置或區域㈣的開口 ⑴。遮罩U2可為光阻遮罩,其係藉由在結晶薄㈣2上方 毯覆式沈積光阻薄膜並使用熟知之諸如遮蔽、曝光及顯影 之光微影處理以在光阻薄膜中形成開口114而形成。儘管理 想地使用光阻遮罩112,但是亦可使用其他類型之遮罩,諸 如(但不限由二氧切、氮切或氮氧切薄膜或其組合 物所形成之硬遮罩。接著,可藉由(例如)通過開口⑴之離 子植入而將摻雜物置放於區域11〇中。遮罩u2防止換雜物 被置放於結晶薄膜1〇2中由遮罩112所覆蓋的位置處。在本 發明之實施例中,利用零度植入角(即,垂直於基板104平 面的植入角)置放摻雜物。以此方式,將接雜物置放於結晶 薄膜102中與開口 114對準之區域u〇中。儘管在本發明之實 施例t需要零度或大體上為零度之離子植入角,但是若需 要具有角度輪廓之摻雜區域,則可使用較大角度之離子 植入。儘管本發明之實施例利用遮罩112及離子植入來形成 摻雜區域110,但是亦可使用其他熟知技術來形成推雜區域 114,諸如(但不限於)固體源擴散。 置放於結晶薄膜102 _之摻雜原子具有與形成結晶薄膜 之B曰秸之原子的尺寸充分不同的尺寸。摻雜物具有與結 晶薄膜之原子的尺寸充分不同的實體尺寸(即,大於或小 於)’使得當其取代結晶薄膜1〇2之晶格内的原子時,其使 f格之對稱性失真且使晶格非對稱或非退化。在本發明之 貝施例中,摻雜原子小於結晶晶格内之原子。在本發明之 95560.doc 1247351 T代實加例中’原子實體上大於結晶晶格 得當其被激活時:相對於結晶薄膜是電中性的,使 八被m其μ變結晶㈣之導電性 之貫施例中,摻雜物舶斟认从θ — 社+知月 物相對於結晶薄膜不是電中性的,且使 该結晶薄膜為一導電型以 使 型或Ρ型)結晶薄膜。摻雜原子具 -改二豹广當其取代晶格内之原子時’其將晶格能 里改史足夠的量以使能夠選擇性蝕刻一個而非另一個。 在本發明之實施例中,當結晶薄膜為石夕時,摻雜原子可 為硼或碳。在本發明之實施例中,#結晶薄膜為钟化嫁時, 摻雜原子可為蝴或碳。在本發明之實施例中,當結晶薄膜 為祕時’摻雜原子可為棚或碳或鱗。將足夠數目之摻雜 物置放於結晶薄膜102之區域110中,以產生足以使退化社 晶薄膜102成為非退化結晶薄膜達到使能夠選擇性㈣^ 化薄膜而不蝕刻非退化薄膜之程度的濃度。已發現在丨XIV5 至1X102 2原子/ c m3之間範圍内的摻雜濃度提供合理的姓刻 差異。 應理解,此時如圖1B所*,已將摻雜物置放於結晶薄膜 102之區域no内但停留在晶格内之間隙位置(丨加⑽w cite)處。即,此時摻雜物並未,,被激活,,,藉以摻雜原子取 代結晶晶格内之原子。 接著,如圖1C所示,激活區域110内之摻雜物,使得摻雜 物自結晶晶格内之間隙位置移動並取代晶格内之原子。由 於摻雜原子具有與組成晶格之原子的尺寸不同的實體尺 寸,因此摻雜原子取代晶格内之原子導致區域丨1()内之晶體 95560.doc 1247351 薄膜失真且使其變得非對稱,且藉此形成,,非退化”晶格區 域116。當摻雜物取代結晶晶格之原子時,其使區域116内 之晶格非對稱且相對於退化晶格丨〇2導致,,能量堆存,,。”能 量堆存產生非退化晶格區域116,其與結晶薄膜1 〇2之退化 晶格部分118相比具有較低晶格能量及更穩定結構。如圖lc 所不,摻雜物之激活基本上產生一具有非退化區域丨16及退 化區域118之結晶薄膜102。因為非退化晶格區域116具有較 低(熱動力上較穩定)晶格能量且與結晶薄膜1〇2之退化晶格 區域118相比更穩定,所以與蝕刻退化晶格區域丨丨8相比必 須克服更咼的激活障壁以蝕刻非退化晶格區域丨丨6。可使用 用於蝕刻之激活障壁之差異來選擇性地蝕刻退化部分118 而不姓刻非退化部分1 1 6。 接著’如圖1D所示,蝕刻去結晶薄膜ι〇2之退化部分118 而不蝕刻非退化晶格部分116。因為退化晶格部分118與非 退化晶格部分116相比較不穩定,且因此與非退化部分ιΐ6 之激活能量障壁相比,其具有利用聯合反應之蝕刻劑待克 服的較低激活能量障壁。藉由利用一利用聯合反應來蝕刻 且可克服退化晶格部分丨18而非非退化晶格部分丨16之激活 能量障壁的蝕刻劑,可蝕刻去退化部分而不蝕刻非退化部 分。利用聯合反應之蝕刻劑為利用親核(nuclec〇phiHc)(或在 某些狀況下,為親電子)附著之蝕刻劑,藉以在自晶格移除 原子之4,將組成晶格之原子(如矽)直接附著至該蝕刻劑。 在本發明之貫施例中,藉由一蝕刻劑來蝕刻結晶薄膜,該 蝕刻劑利用聯合反應且具有足夠的激活能量或化學能量來 95560.doc 1247351 克服結晶薄膜ι〇2之退化部分丨18而非非退化部分丨16之反 應臨限障壁。以此方式,可蝕刻去結晶薄膜1〇2之退化晶格 部分118而不钱刻非退化部分116。藉由在結晶薄膜内形成 退化sa格部分1 1 8及非退化晶格部分1 1 6且利用適當钱刻 劑,可獲得大於100:1之蝕刻選擇性。 §結曰曰薄膜102為石夕時,藉由利用一包括非氧化驗性溶液 (basic solution)之濕蝕刻劑,可蝕刻去結晶薄膜1〇2之退化 晶格部分而不蝕刻去非退化晶格部分116。在本發明之實施 例中,利用氫氧化物蝕刻劑,諸如(但不限於)氫氧化鉀 (KOH)及氳氧化銨來蝕刻矽結晶薄膜118。在本發明之實施 例中,矽蝕刻劑之pH值在9與11之間。在本發明之實施例 中,藉由一包括氫氧化銨及水之濕蝕刻劑(包括體積比為 1-30%之間的氫氧化銨)來移除退化矽結晶薄膜ιΐ8。在本發 明之實施例中,於15-45。0間之溫度下採用氫氧化銨及水蝕 刻劑,且在蝕刻處理期間將百萬音波(megas〇nic)或超音波 能量施加至該溶液。在本發明之實施例中,旋轉基板同時 移除退化晶格部分118。 當結晶薄膜102為砷化鎵或insb時,藉由利用一包括諸如 在酸存在時之硝酸或過氧化氫之氧化劑的濕蝕刻劑,可蝕 刻去間並部分118而不蝕刻非退化晶袼部分116。在本發明 之實施例中,藉由pH值小於4且理想地在2與4之間的蝕刻劑 來蝕刻InSb或GaAs之退化部分118。 在移除退化晶格部分118之後,僅留下非退化部分116。 應理解,已蝕刻了結晶薄膜102以產生與遮罩1〇4中開口 114 95560.doc -11 1247351 直接對準之圖案化結晶薄膜116。另外,已藉由利用濕蝕刻 劑各向異性地蝕刻了結晶薄膜102(僅在一方向蝕刻,垂直 方向)。無需電漿蝕刻劑或其他將基板曝露至有害電漿之乾 式蝕刻技術,已蝕刻了結晶薄膜102以產生一具有垂直侧壁 的圖案化結晶薄膜116。另外,在蝕刻期間不存在遮罩之情 況下,已餘刻了結晶薄膜102以產生圖案化結晶薄膜116。 如此’已在無遮蔽處理中蝕刻了薄膜1〇2。另外,本發明已 產生了在開口 114間具有高逼真度之特徵116,且不會遭受 通常與使用遮罩及濕蝕刻劑來圖案化薄膜相聯之遮罩的橫 向底切。 在本發明之實施例中,圖案化結晶薄膜丨丨6為半導體薄 膜,諸如(但不限於)石夕、砷化鎵、InSb,且用於形成如圖ie 所不之非平面或三閘極電晶體之本體或翼片。為了形成非 平面電ΒΘ體,將堵如二氧化石夕或氮化石夕之閘極介電層1 1 8形 成於圖案化結晶半導體薄膜丨丨6之頂部或侧壁上方。閘電極 120形成於圖案化半導體本體116之頂部表面及側壁上的閘 極介電層118上。如圖1E所示,在半導體本體116内之於閘 電極120之相反侧上形成源極/汲極區域122。藉由於圖id所 示之基板上方毯覆式沈積閘極介電層丨丨8、且接著於閘極介 電薄膜上方毯覆式沈積閘電極材料,可形成閘極介電層丨i 8 及閘電極120。接著,藉由熟知光微影及蝕刻技術來圖案化 閘極介電薄膜及閘電極薄膜以形成閘電極120及閘極介電 層118。接著,可使用熟知離子植入技術來將η型或p型導電 性離子植入至半導體本體丨丨6内以形成源極及汲極區域 95560.doc 12 1247351 122 〇 /官關於圖1A-1D所描述及說明之本發明之實施例首先 疋口曰日薄膜具有退化晶格、接著是使薄膜之一部分成為非 退化晶格且接著是鞋刻去退化晶格部分而不蚀刻去非退化 晶格部分,但是在其他實施例中亦可使用相同概念來選擇 性且無遮蔽地圖荦化纟士 jg蒲 , Q ^化、、,口日日潯膜。例如,在本發明之實施例 、令’ "Τ先可提供具有非退化晶格之結晶薄膜。可如上文所 % 述藉由將尺寸較大或較小之摻雜物取代入一具有對稱結 構之結晶晶格,以使該晶格失真且給予其較低之熱動力上 較穩定之晶格能量,可形成具有非退化晶格之結晶薄膜。 例如,起始結晶薄膜可為石夕結晶薄膜,其在晶格中具有取 切原:之领原子以提供具有非退化晶格之結晶薄膜。接 者’可藉由非退化晶格令之換雜原子取代與晶格之原子之 尺寸相似的原子或摻雜物,以使結晶薄媒之一部分退化或 較少非退化。例如,可將石夕原子植入至摻雜獨之石夕結晶薄
财且取代縣子錢發薄料化或較少非退彳b 〇接著, 可藉由適當姓刻劑來移除退化晶格或較少地非退化晶格部 分。以此方式’可保留未改變之非退化結晶晶格部分,且 移除改變之退化或較少退化結晶晶格部分。 、在本毛月之$貝知例中,其利用改變晶格結構或能量 以改變:刻選擇性,可提供具有退化晶格結構之結晶薄 膜接I T藉由取代退化結晶薄膜之原子的推雜原子來 摻雜結晶薄臈之第-區域,以提供一具有第一非退化度或 第阳格此;ϊ之晶格結構的第一區域,且接著藉由不同掺 95560.doc -13 - 1247351 I)物或者或夕或少之相同摻雜物來摻雜退化晶格之第二部 、提仏具有第一非退化晶袼或第二晶格能量之晶格 、、,口冓的第一區域仏官已使兩個部分成為,,非退化"晶格, 但疋接著可使用晶格能量或"非退化”度之差異來使能夠選 擇性敍刻-個而不钱刻另一個。如此,本發明之實施例相 對於第二部分而將結晶薄膜之第一部分的晶格結構或晶格 能量改變至可蝕刻一個而不蝕刻另一個之程度。 圖2A-2P况明一藉由利用一使用本發明之選擇性蝕刻處 理之置換閘極技術來形成具有金屬閘電極之?型設備及具 有金屬閘電極之η型非平面設備之方法。置換閘極技術使得 Ρ型設備及η型設備之閘電極由不同材料形成。以此方式,ρ 型設備之閘電極可具有為?型_。而特製的功函數,且nS 1¾之閘電極可具有為η型設備函數。通過特製 用於特定設備類型之閘電極之功函數,可顯著地改良CM〇s 積體電路之效能。儘管圖2 A-2P說明一用於形成具有習知平 面設備之CMOS積體電路之置換閘極方法,但是可使用相同 技術來形成如圖1E所示之具有非平面或三閘極設備的 CMOS積體電路。 為了根據本發明之實施例形成(:]^08積體電路,首先提供 諸如矽單晶基板之半導體基板202。基板2〇2包含一為11型設 備而被掺雜成P型導電性之區域2〇4及一為ρ型設備而被摻 雜成η型導電性之區域206。在基板2〇2内形成諸如渠溝絕緣 £域(S ΤΙ)之絶緣區域2〇 8以使區域204與206電絕緣。接著, 如圖2Α所示,在基板202上方形成犧牲閘極介電層212。理 95560.doc -14- 1247351 想地,犧牲閘極介電602由此一材料形成:其在移除或蝕刻 犧牲閘電極材料期間將不能充分地蝕刻,使得其可在隨後 移除犧牲閘電極時保護基礎半導體本體。以此方式在犧牲 閘電極材料及半導體基板202由相同材料(諸如矽)形成時係 尤其重要的。在本發明之實施例中,犧牲閘極介電為諸如 二氧化秒之厚度在1(MgA之間的氧化物。若犧牲閘極介電 為生長介電,則其將僅形成於半導體基板202之曝露表面上
而非形成於絕緣區域2〇8上。如圖2A所示,若犧牲閘極介電 為’尤積薄膜,則其將毯覆式沈積於絕緣區域208以及半導體 基板202上。 接著,犧牲閘電極材料212毯覆式沈積於犧牲閘極介電上 方,犧牲閘電極材料213沈積至為隨後形成之非平面設備之 閉電極高度所需之厚度。接著,如圖2B所示,藉由諸如光 微=及_之熟知技術來圖案化犧牲閘電極材料及犧牲間
.電心成11型δ又備之犧牲閘電極214及p型設備之犧牲 閘電極216。犧牲閘電極214及216被圖案化成相同形狀且位 於相同位置處,其中需要隨後形成之?型設備及_設備之 犧牲閘电極材料為此—材料··其可被改變成經改變之犧 牲材料,使得可選擇性地姓刻或移除犧牲材料或經改變之 犧牲材料中任一材料而不蝕刻或移除另一材料。即,犧牲 閉電極材料由一可被改變之材料形成,使得或:U可蝕刻 或移除經改變之犧牲材料而不姓刻未改變之犧牲材料,或 可移除或㈣去未改變之犧牲材料而不則或移除經改 95560.doc -15- 1247351 變之犧牲材料。如下文將論述,P型犧牲閘電極與η型犧牲 閘電極之區別使能夠在單獨時間移除不同的犧牲間電極, 使能夠隨後用不同材料填充開口。 在本發明之實施例中,犧牲材料為具有結晶結構之材 料,諸如多晶薄膜或單結晶薄膜,其可藉由增加為蝕刻薄 膜所須之激活能量而被改變。在本發明之實施例中,結晶 薄膜具有對稱或退化晶格,其可藉由將摻雜物放於其中以 產生非對稱或,,非退化”晶格而被改變。在本發明之實施例 中,犧牲溥膜為結晶薄膜,其可藉由改變晶格而被改變, 使得經改變之晶格比未改變之晶格具有待蝕刻之足夠更高 的激活能量障壁。在本發明之實施例中,犧牲材料為結晶 薄膜,其可在薄膜中藉由摻雜原子取代晶袼内之原子而被 改變,以藉此形成一比未改變之晶格具有更高之激活能量 的經改變之晶格。換言之,將摻雜物置放於晶格内以改變 犧牲薄膜且給予其比給予未改變之犧牲薄膜更高的激活能 I。以此方式,具有足夠高的激活能量來蝕刻去未改變之 薄膜但不具有足夠高的激活能量來蝕刻經改變之薄膜的蝕 刻劑將僅蝕刻未改變之薄膜而將不蝕刻經改變之薄膜。如 此,本發明之實施例利用此一犧牲材料··其可被改變以產 生充分不同的晶格能量,使得可使用差異來選擇性地移除 個而非另一個。在本發明之實施例中,η型區域上犧牲閘 電極與ρ型區域上經改變之犧牲閘電極之激活能量間的差 異足以使能夠蝕刻一個而不蝕刻另一個。另外,在本發明 之只知例中’ ρ型設備之犧牲閘電極材料與η型設備之犧牲 95560.doc -16- 1247351 閘電極材料皆可被改變,但以此方式被改變使得經改變之 薄膜間的差異足以選擇蝕刻一個而非另一個。在本發明之 見%例中,犧牲薄膜為多晶石夕薄膜。在本發明之其他實施 例中犧牲薄膜為單晶石夕薄膜或蟲晶石夕薄膜。在本發明之 只轭例t,可藉由硼原子取代晶格中之矽原子而改變多晶 矽犧牲閘電極材料。 接著若須要,則藉由用待用於形成源極及沒極區域之 相同^私性類型的雜質來摻雜犧牲閘電極214及216之相反 側上的半‘體基板丨02,以形成尖端或源極/汲極延伸。在 本發明之貫施例中,利用熟知離子植入技術來形成尖端區 域。百先,如圖2C所示,光阻遮罩218可形成於未遮蔽之n 型設備之區域及ρ型設備之區域上方。接著,ρ型雜質可被 離子植入至與ρ型设備之犧牲閘電極2 1 6之外部邊緣對準的 半V體基板202内。在尖端形成步驟期間,犧牲閘電極216 防止ρ型摻雜物摻雜半導體基板2〇2之通道區域。此時ρ 型摻雜物摻雜了犧牲閘電極。植入處理將諸如棚之?型摻雜 =置放於犧牲閘電極216内,然而,因為此時摻雜物仍未經 同μ處理來激活’所以換雜原子停留在晶格之間隙位置處 且仍未取代晶格内之原+。在本發明之實施㈣中,當半導 體基板202及犧牲閘電極216為矽時,可以此項技術中熟知 之劑1及能量而用石朋離子對其進行摻雜,以隨後形成棚濃 度在lxlO19與lxl〇2i原子/cm3之間的尖端區域2ΐι。光阻遮罩 218防止n型設備區域被p型導電性離子摻雜。 接著’如圖2D所不’移除光阻遮罩218,且於未遮蔽之ρ 95560.doc * 17 - 1247351 型设備及η型設備上方形成光阻遮罩22〇。接著,可將n型雜 質離子植入至犧牲閘電極之相反側上的半導體基板2〇2内 以形成尖端區域213。在尖端形成步驟期間,犧牲閘電極214 防止半導體基板202之通道區域215被摻雜。此時犧牲閘電 極214亦被η型摻雜物摻雜。因為摻雜物仍未經高溫處理來 激活,所以摻雜原子停留在犧牲閘電極214及半導體基板 202之晶格中的間隙位置處,且仍未取代晶袼内之原子。在 本發明之貫施例中,當半導體基板2〇2及犧牲閘電極Η#為 矽時,可以此項技術中熟知之劑量及能量來植入砷或磷原 子以產生η型濃度在1χ1〇19與原子/cm3之間的尖端區 域。接著,移除光阻遮罩220。 接者,若須要,則如圖冗所示,可沿犧牲閘電極214及216 之相反側壁形成介電側壁隔片222。可藉由任何熟知技術來 形成侧壁片’諸如將等形側壁隔片介電毯覆式沈積於包 3犧牲閘包極214及21 6之頂部表面及側壁在内之基板上方 以及基板202之曝露表面上。將介電隔片材料沈積至大約等 於隔片222所需之寬度的厚度。在本發明之實施例中,將介 電隔片材料沈積至20-350 A間之厚度。隔片材料可為諸如 厂 夕一氧化石夕、氛乳化石夕或其組合物之介電。在本發 月之κ %例中,隔片材料為藉由熱壁低壓化學汽相沈積 (LPCVD)處理而形成之氮化石夕。接著’各向異性地回钱介 電隔片材料,以自犧牲閘電極214及216之水平表面(例如頂 部表面)與半導體絕緣基板202及絕緣基板2〇2之頂部表面 移除介電隔片材料,同時將隔片材料留在犧牲閘電極214及 95560.doc -18- 1247351 216之垂直表面(例如側壁)上以形成侧壁隔片212,如圖2e 所示。 此時,若須要,可在基板202上形成額外矽以形成凸起源 極/汲極區域。可藉由利用熟知之選擇性沈積處理而於半導 體基板202之曝露表面上形成諸如蟲晶石夕之額外石夕。選擇性 矽沈積處理會將諸如磊晶矽之矽沈積於諸如基板2〇2之含 石夕區域上,且不會將矽沈積於諸如側壁隔片212之不含矽區 域上。 接著,重源極/汲極接觸區域可形成於犧牲閘電極214及 216之相反側上的半導體基板2 〇 2内。在本發明之實施例 中’藉由離子植入形成重源極/汲極區域。在該處理中,光 阻遮罩224可形成於未遮蔽之η型電晶體區域及p型電晶體 區域上方。接著,ρ型摻雜物可被離子植入至與形成於其上 之外部邊緣側壁隔片222對準的半導體基板202内,以形成源 極/汲極接觸區域225。另外,離子植入處理將ρ型摻雜物植 入至犧牲閘電極216内。當半導體基板202為矽且犧牲閘電極 216為多晶矽時,可以此項技術中熟知之劑量及能量來植入 棚離子’以隨後在多晶矽犧牲閘電極216及矽基板202内形成 在lxlO19與lxl02i原子/cm3之間的硼濃度。因為此時摻雜物 仍未經高溫處理來激活,所以摻雜物停留在晶格内之間隙位 置處且仍未取代晶格内之原子。在重源極/汲極接觸植入期 間’犧牲閘電極216使得ρ型設備之通道區域209不被p型雜質 所摻雜。另外’側壁隔片222防止在半導體基板202内先前形 成之基礎尖端區域211被重源極/汲極植入所摻雜。 95560.doc -19- 1247351 接著,移除光阻遮罩224。接著,如圖2g所示,在未遮蔽 之P型電晶體區域及n型電晶體區域上方形成光阻遮罩 226 〇 ^ t ’為了形成大量摻雜之源極及汲極接觸區域,n ^ 包生離子被離子植入至犧牲閘電極214上之側壁隔片 之相反側上的半導體基板2〇2内。在重源極/汲極形成步驟 ’月間,犧牲閘電極214使得n型設備之通道區域215不被摻 ^另外,側壁隔片222防止半導體基板202内先前形成之 基礎太端區域213被重源極/汲極植入所摻雜。重源極/汲極 植入亦藉由η型雜質來摻雜犧牲閘電極214。因為摻雜物仍 未、工回’皿處理來激活,所以摻雜物停留在犧牲閘電極214及 半導體基板202之晶格内的間隙位置處,且仍未取代晶袼内 之原子。在本發明之實施例中,當半導體基板202及犧牲閘 電極為矽時,可以此項技術中熟知之劑量及能量來摻雜磷原 子,以隨後形成在lxl〇19與lxl02i原子/cm3之間的磷濃度。 接著,如圖2H所示,對基板進行退火以激活置放於半導 體基板202中的摻雜物。另外,激活退火亦激活置放於犧牲 閘電極214及216中的摻雜物。即,現在將基板退火至一溫 度且經足夠時間以導致半導體基板2〇2内之n型摻雜物及p 型摻雜物自間隙位置移動並取代晶格内之原子,以形成^^型 源極及汲極區域與p型源極及汲極區域。在本發明之實施例 中’退火導致形成濃度在1x10 19原子/cm3至〇21原子/cm3 範圍之尖端區域及重源極/;:及極接觸區域。退火亦導致置放 於犧牲閘電極214内之n型摻雜物自間隙位置移動並取代犧 牲閘電極214之晶袼内的原子。另外,退火亦導致ρ型摻雜 95560.doc -20- 1247351 物自犧牲閘電極216中之間隙 216之晶格内的原子。 ,動絲代犧牲閉電極 在本發明之實施財,當犧㈣ 子取代犧牲一之晶格内的…,且 牲閑電極214之晶格内之梦原子。因為硼原子小於犧 =彻子晶格内之㈣原子形成比Μ子鍵結更靠近且 之,結。結果切晶格各處不再對稱,導致了晶格 之:置堆存”。當多晶犧牲閉電極216内之石夕晶格變得較不 對私或失真時,可認為晶格"非退化"。使犧牲閑電極叫内 之晶格"非退化"及導致能量堆存使得摻雜领之多晶犧牲石夕 溥膜,且與具有對稱晶格或"退化"晶格之未換雜之 多晶薄膜或多晶薄膜相比需要更高之激活能量以用於蝕 刻。如此,如圖2H所示,犧牲多晶閘電極216内之硼摻雜物 之熱激活將犧牲閘電極216轉變成蝕刻特徵不同於未改變 之犧牲閘電極之蝕刻特徵的經改變的犧牲閘電極228。應注 思,多晶犧牲閘電極214内之磷原子之激活亦導致矽晶格失 真或π非退化”但至一非常小於犧牲多晶閘電極216内之硼 原子失真或”非退化”之程度的程度(此係因為磷原子之實體 尺寸更接近於矽原子之尺寸)。由於磷摻雜物僅導致多晶犧 牲閘電極2 14之矽晶格的輕微失真(即僅輕微地使晶袼,,非 退化”)’因而可認為犧牲閘電極214是未改變的。植入及激 活之結果係形成具有不同晶格能量與能量障壁之經改變的 犧牲閘電極228及未改變的犧牲閘電極214,可使用該等不 同晶格能量與能量障壁以使能夠選擇性蝕刻未改變的犧牲 95560.doc -21 - 1247351 閘電極而不蝕刻經改變的犧牲閘電極。 接著,如圖2J所示,於基板上方毯覆式沈積介電層230。 將該介電層之厚度形成為足以完全覆蓋包含犧牲閘電極 214及經改變之犧牲閘電極228在内之基板。介電層230由可 關於經改變及未改變之犧牲閘極材料228及214而被選擇性 蝕刻的材料形成。即,介電材料由一材料形成,藉以可移 除犧牲閘電極214及經改變之犧牲閘電極228而不顯著姓刻 去介電層230。在毯覆式沈積介電層230之後,例如藉由化 學機械平面化來平面化介電層,直至介電薄膜之頂部表面 與犧牲閘電極214及經改變之犧牲閘電極228同平面,且如 圖2H所示,曝露犧牲閘電極214及經改變之犧牲閘電極228 之頂部表面。 接著,如圖2 J所示,現在移除犧牲閘電極214而不移除經 改變之犧牲閘電極228。在移除犧牲閘電極214之後,亦移 除犧牲閘極介電層210。移除犧牲閘電極214會形成一形成 有η型设備之閘電極的開口 232。如圖2J所示,移除犧牲閘 電極214及犧牲介電層210會曝露η型設備之半導體基板214 之通道區域215。 藉由可蝕刻去犧牲閘電極材料214而不顯著蝕刻去經改 變之犧牲閘電極材料228的蝕刻劑來移除犧牲閘電極2丨4。 在本發明之實施例中,藉由濕蝕刻劑來移除犧牲閘電極 214。在本發明之實施例中,濕蝕刻劑具有大於1〇〇:1之犧 牲閘電極材料對經改變之犧牲閘電極材料之選擇性(即,濕 姓刻劑#刻犧牲閘電極材料比蝕刻經改變之犧牲閘電極材 95560.doc •22- 1247351 料快至少100倍)。在本發明之實施例中,藉由濕蝕刻劑來 移除η型多晶矽犧牲閘電極214。在本發明之實施例中,在 藉由濕姓刻劑來移除犧牲閘電極214之同時施加百萬音波 月b 1。在本發明之實施例中,藉由一包括金屬氫氧化物之 濕蝕刻劑來移除n型多晶犧牲閘電極214,該金屬氫氧化物 諸如(但不限於)氫氧化鉀(ΚΟΗ)或氫氧化銨(NILtOH)。在本 發明之實施例中,藉由一包括氫氧化銨及水(其包括體積比 在1-30%間之氫氧化銨)的濕蝕刻劑來移除犧牲多晶犧牲矽 閘電極214。在本發明之實施例中,將氫氧化銨及水蝕刻劑 加熱至15-45°C間之溫度,且在蝕刻處理期間將百萬音波或 超音波能量施加至該溶液。在本發明之實施例中,旋轉基 板同時移除犧牲閘電極214。在本發明之實施例中,藉由不 具有足以克服經改變之犧牲閘電極2 2 8之晶格之激活能量 障壁之能量的蝕刻劑來移除犧牲閘電極214。以此方式,在 蝕刻犧牲閘電極214期間,保持不蝕刻經改變之犧牲閘電極 228本發明使能夠移除n型設備之犧牲閘電極214而不移除 P型没備之犧牲閘電極,且因此無需遮罩或其他光微影處理 步驟。如此,藉由無遮蔽方法來移除犧牲閘電極214,藉此 即省昂貴的微影處理步驟且使本發明可被製造。一旦移除 了犧牲閘I極材料214,則姓刻劑終止於犧牲介電層2 J 〇 上。在本發明之實施例中,犧牲介電層21〇為氧化物且具有 對犧牲閘電極之至少10:1的選擇性。接著,藉由諸如(但不 限於)合水氫氟酸之蝕刻劑來移除犧牲閘極介電層21 〇。 接著,如圖2K所示,在開口 232内形成設備之閘極介 95560.doc -23- 1247351 if及閘私極材料。首先,於基板上方毯覆式沈積閉極介 電薄膜234。閘極介電材料覆蓋半導體基板繼之通道區域 可藉由任何熟知處理來形成閘極介電材料。在本發明 κ轭例中使用諸如乾式/濕式氧化之熱氧化處理來使諸 如一氧化矽或氮氧化矽介電之閘極介電層234生長。在本發 之另κ施例中,使用諸如C VD或ALD之等形沈積處理 來沈積高κ閘極介電層。接著,於閘極介電234上方毯覆式 沈積η型設備之閘電極材料236。閘電極材料236可為任何孰 知之閘電極材料。在本發明之實施例中,間電極材料可具 有為η型設備而特製的功函數。在本發明之實施例中,閘電 極’、有在39…至42 eV間的功函數。在本發明之實施例 中,當半導體基板202為p型石夕時,閘電極材料係選自由給、 鍅、鈦、鈕及鋁所組成之群且具有在約3 9eV與約4 2^乂間 的力函數接著,如圖2L所示,平面化閘電極材料236直至 顯路介電層230之頂部表面。—旦閘電極材料及閘極介電材 料被研磨回頂部介電薄膜23〇或自該頂部介電薄膜23〇被移 除’則形成η型設備之閘電極238。 接著,如圖2Μ所示,現在移除經改變的犧牲閘電極228 而不移除η型設備之閘電極238。在移除經改變之犧牲閘電 極228後,移除犧牲閘極氧化物6〇2。如圖2μ所示,經改變 之犧牲閘電極228及犧牲閘極介電層21〇之移除會曝露非平 面Ρ型,又備之半導體基板2〇2之通道區域2〇9。另外,移除經 改k之犧牲閘電極228會在介電層22〇内形成開口 24〇,其中 隨後將形成有p型設備之閘電極。在本發明之實施例中,藉 95560.doc -24- 1247351 由利用一包括四甲基銨氫氧化物及水的濕蝕刻劑來移除摻 雜爛之多晶犧牲閘電極228。在本發明之實施例中,四甲基 録氫氧化物體積比在溶液之1〇-35%之間。在本發明之實施 例中’在韻刻期間將四甲基銨氳氧化物溶液加熱至60-95°C 間之溫度。在本發明之實施例中,在蝕刻處理期間施加諸 如超音波或百萬音波能量之音波能量。音波能量對蝕刻劑 提供攪拌,其使能夠自開口 240移除來自經改變之犧牲閘電 極228之蝕刻殘餘物,且允許新的蝕刻劑進入渠溝24〇内以 餘刻經改變之犧牲閘極228。 在本發明之實施例中,犧牲閘電極蝕刻劑對犧牲閘極介 電層具有選擇性(即,不蝕刻或僅輕微蝕刻犧牲閘極介電), 使得犧牲閘極介電21〇充當經改變之犧牲閘電極蝕刻之蝕 刻終止。以此方式,保護基礎半導體基板2〇2不受蝕刻劑蝕 刻。需要至少10:1之犧牲閘電極228對犧牲閘極介電之蝕刻 選擇。 接著,移除犧牲閘極介電21〇。在本發明之實施例中,犧 牲閘極介電2H)為氧化物,且可藉由—包括含水氫氟酸之钱 刻劑來移除該犧牲閘極介電21 〇。 接著如圖2N所示,於基板上方毯覆式沈積p型設備之閘 極介電薄膜242。閘極介電薄膜242覆蓋半導體基板2〇2之通 道區域2G9之頂部表面及側壁。可藉由任何熟知處理來形成 閘極"電層642。在本發明之實施例中,閘極介電為熱生長 氧化物4如一氧化石夕或氮氧化石夕。在本發明之實施例中, 閘極介電為藉由諸如CVD或⑽之等形處理而沈積之沈積 95560.doc -25- 1247351 導體基板202為n型矽時,閘電極材料包括釕、鈀、鉑、鈷 乳化物。間極介電層可包括一選自由氧化組、氧化鈦、氧 化,、氧化錯、PZT、BST、氧化銘及其料鹽所組成之群 “kh薄膜Q毯覆式沈積閘極介電層⑷會於基板撤 上方以及閉電極238之曝露部分之項部上形成閘極介電 層。接著,於閘極介電層238上方毯覆式沈射型設備之間 電極材料244。閘電極材料244可為任何熟知之閘電極材 料。在本發明之實施例中’閘電極材料為金屬薄膜,其具 有為P型設備而特製之功函數。在本發明之實施例中,當半 鎳及導電金屬氧化物且具有在約4 9 6^與5 2 之間之功 函數。在本發明之實施例中,閘電極244具有在4.9至526乂 之間的功函數。 接著,如圖20所示,自頂部表面介電薄膜23〇移除形成於 w龟薄膜230之頂部表面上的閘電極材料244及閘極介電層 242 ’以形成p型設備之閘電極246且曝露^型設備之閘電極 238。例如,可藉由化學機械研磨或其他適合方法來移除形 成於介電層230之頂部上的閘極介電層及閘電極材料244。 此處’已形成了利用置換閘極處理之具有金屬閘電極之η型 設備及具有金屬閘電極之ρ型設備的製造。若須要,現在可 移除介電層230以曝露ρ型設備及η型設備,如圖2Ρ所示。例 如,現在可利用處理來在源極及汲極區域上形成矽化物, 且將η型電晶體及ρ型電晶體一起互連成功能積體電路以形 成互補金屬氧化物半導體(CMOS)積體電路。 【圖式簡單說明】 95560.doc -26- 1247351 圖1A-1D說明一用於蝕刻根據本發明之結晶薄膜的方法。 圖1E說明在如圖ια-ID所述而形成之選擇性蝕刻薄膜上 方形成非平面設備。 圖2 A-2P說明一用於藉由利用置換閘極技術來製造包括n 型電晶體及p型電晶體之CMOS積體電路之方法,該技術利 用根據本發明之結晶薄膜之選擇性蝕刻。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 〇2結晶薄膜 1〇4基板/遮罩 106絕緣薄膜 108矽單晶基板 110摻雜區域 112 遮罩 114 開口 116 非退化晶格區域/非退化晶格部分/圖案化結晶薄膜 /圖案化半導體本體 118 退化晶格部分/退化晶格區域/石夕結晶薄膜/閘極介 電層 120閘電極 12 2源極/〉及極區域 204 區域 2 0 6 區域 208絕緣區域 21 〇犧牲閘極介電層 95560.doc -27- 半導體基板 犧牲閘極介電層/犧牲閘電極材料/側壁隔片 犧牲閘電極 犧牲閘電極 光阻遮罩 通道區域 尖端區域 光阻遮罩/介電層 犧牲閘電極材料/尖端區域 通道區域 介電側壁隔片 光阻遮罩/閘極介電薄膜 源極/汲極接觸區域 光阻遮罩 犧牲閘電極/犧牲閘電極材料 介電層/介電薄膜 開口 閘極介電薄膜/閘極介電層 閘電極材料 閘電極/閘極介電層 開口/渠溝 閘極介電薄膜/閘極介電層 問電極材料/閘電極 閘電極 -28-

Claims (1)

1247351 十、申請專利範圍: 1 · 一種圖案化一結晶薄膜之方法,其包括: 在一第一區域及一第二區域内形成一具有一包括第一 原子之退化晶格之結晶缚膜; 將摻雜物置放於該第一區域内之哕紝B植― a門t系結晶溥膜之間隙位 置中; ^活該等摻雜物,使得該等摻雜物取代該晶格内之該 寺弟-原子以在該第-區域内形成—非退化晶格,該第 一區域保持一退化晶格;及 ::第-區域及該第二區域曝露至一濕韻刻劑,其中 第m 匕飞甲之該退化晶格而不蝕刻該 弟區域中之該非退化晶袼。 2.3.4. 6. 如請求項1之方法 如請求項2之方法 如請求項3之方法 如請求項1之方法 InSb所組成之群。 如請求項1之方法 該退化晶格。 ,其中該結晶薄臈為一半導體薄膜。 ,其中該半導體薄膜為一矽薄臈。 ,其中該矽薄膜為一多晶薄膜。 ,其中該結晶薄膜係選自由砷化鎵及 ,其中祕刻劑利用—聯合反應來韻刻
8. 如請求項3之方法 如請求項7之方法 間的—氫氧化物。 其中該_劑為-非氧化驗性溶液。 其中該餘刻齊,j包括一 PH值在9與11之 9. 如請求項5之方法 其中該钱刻劑包括 一存在一酸之氧化 95560.doc 1247351 $明求項9之方法’其中該蝕刻劑包括一選自由硝酸及過 乳化氧所組成之群的氧化劑,且其中該钱刻劑具有一在二 與4之間的pH值。 ’求貝1之方法’其中該第—區域内之該非退化晶格具 ^第日日秸此里,且該第二區域内之該退化晶格具有 :第二晶格能量’其中該第二晶格能量在熱動力上比該 第一晶格能量更高(相對較不穩定)。 • 士 :求項1之方法,其中該非退化晶格具有對該钱刻劑之 第激活旎置障壁,且該退化晶格具有對該蝕刻劑之 一第二激活能量障壁,其中該第二激活能量障壁小於該 第一激活障壁。 13·如請,項12之方法,其中該飯刻劑具有一大於該第二激 活月b里障壁且小於該第一激活能量障壁之化學能量。 14· 一種圖案化一結晶薄膜之方法,其包括: 在一具有一包括第一原子之晶格的結晶薄膜上形成一 具有一開口之遮罩,該開口形成於一第一區域上方且該 遮罩覆蓋一第二區域; 將摻雜物植入通過該開口並將其植入至在該開口下方 之該結晶薄膜之該第一區域内; 移除該遮罩; 加熱該結晶薄膜,使得該等摻雜物取代該第一區域内 之該結晶薄膜中之該晶格内的該等第一原子;及 將該第一區域及該第二區域曝露至一蝕刻劑,其中該 蝕刻劑蝕刻該第二區域而不蝕刻該第一區域。 95560.doc -2- 1247351 苐一區域内包括 15·如請求項14之方法,其中在 诗日士 此%門巴栝摻雜物之 該日日格為一非退化晶格。 之該晶格為_退 16.如請求項15之方法,其中該第二區域内 化晶格 17. 如請求項14之方法,其十該等摻雜物小於該等第—原子 18. 如請求項14之方法,其中該等接雜物大於該等第—原子。 19. 如請求項U之方法,其中該等第一原子為石夕’且其中該 寺換雜原子為刪。 20· —種圖案化一結晶薄膜之方法,其包括·· 原子之退化晶格之結晶薄膜; 在-第-區域及一第二區域内提供一具有一包括第 /吏摻雜原子取代該第一區域内之該退化晶格中的該等 第原子,以在S亥第一區域内形成_非退化晶格;及 將具有該非退化晶格之該第一區域及具有該退化晶格 之該第二區域曝露至一蝕刻劑,其中該蝕刻劑蝕刻該第 二區域且不蝕刻該第一區域。 21·如請求項20之方法,其中該結晶薄膜為矽。 22. 如請求項21之方法’其中該等摻雜原子為硼。 23. —種圖案化一結晶薄膜之方法,其包括: 在一第-區域及-第^區域内提供一具有一非退化晶 格之結晶薄膜; 取代該第一區域内之該非退化晶格中之原子,以使該 第一區域内之該晶格成為一具有一退化晶格或一與該第 二區域内之該晶格相比較少非退化晶格之晶格;及 95560.doc 1247351 將該第一區域及該第二區域曝露至一蝕刻劑,其中該 餘刻劑姓刻該第一區域内之該退化晶格或該較少非退化 晶格而不餘刻該第二區域内之該非退化晶格。 24. 25. 26. 如清求項23之方法,其中具有該非退化晶格之該結晶薄 膜為一摻雜硼之矽薄膜。 如請求項24之方法,其中該等原子為矽原子。 一種形成積體電路之方法,其包括: 在一半導體基板之一第一通道區域上方形成一犧牲閘 電極,且在該半導體基板之一第二通道區域上方形成一 第二犧牲閘電極; 改變該第一犧牲閘電極及/或該第二犧牲閘電極,使得 可藉由一蝕刻劑來蝕刻該第一犧牲閘電極而不蝕刻該第 二犧牲閘電極; ,在該第一犧牲閘電極上方及在該第二犧牲閘電極上方 形成一介電層; 平面化該介電層,以便曝露該第一犧牲閘電極及該第 二犧牲閘電極之頂部表面; ,在改變該第一犧牲閘電極及/或該第二犧牲閘電極之 藉由該钮刻齊j來钮刻該第一犧牲問電極而不钮刻該 第二犧牲閘電極,以形成一第一開口且曝露該半導體: 板之該第一通道區域; 在該半導體基板之該第-通道區域上方及在該介電層 之頂部表面上沈積一第一金屬薄膜; 曰 自該介電之該頂部移除該第-金屬薄膜以形成一第_ 9556〇.doc 1247351 金屬閘電極; σ ; 同於該第 矛夕除戎第二犧牲閘電極材料以形成一第二開 在該介電層上方及在該第二開σ内形成/不 一金屬薄膜之第二金屬薄膜;及 二金屬薄膜以形成 自該介電層之該頂部表面移除該第 弟—金屬間電極。 27·如請求項26之半導體設備, Θ弟一金屬薄膜具有一 在3.9 eV與4.2 eV·之間的功函數。 28·如請求項26之方法,其中 示备屬潯臊具有一在4.9 eV 至5.2 eV之間的功函數。 29. —種選擇性圖案化一結晶薄膜之方法,其包括: 在-第-區域及-第二區域内提供一具有一帶有一第 一晶格能量之晶格的結晶薄膜; 改變該第-區域及/或該第二區域内之該晶格,以產生 該第一區域與該第二區域之間之晶格能量的一差異; 將該第-區域及該第二區域曝露至一蚀刻劑,該姓刻 劑蝕刻該第一區域或蝕刻該第二區域中任一區域而不蝕 刻另一區域。 30·如請求項29之方法,其中該結晶薄膜為一矽薄膜。 3 1 ·如清求項30之方法,其中藉由用硼原子摻雜來改變該第 *^區域。 95560.doc
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