TW463409B - Rechargeable hybrid battery/supercapacitor system - Google Patents
Rechargeable hybrid battery/supercapacitor system Download PDFInfo
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- TW463409B TW463409B TW089106420A TW89106420A TW463409B TW 463409 B TW463409 B TW 463409B TW 089106420 A TW089106420 A TW 089106420A TW 89106420 A TW89106420 A TW 89106420A TW 463409 B TW463409 B TW 463409B
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/04—Hybrid capacitors
- H01G11/06—Hybrid capacitors with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium ion capacitors [LIC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/46—Metal oxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
- H01G11/62—Liquid electrolytes characterised by the solute, e.g. salts, anions or cations therein
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M10/4264—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing with capacitors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M14/00—Electrochemical current or voltage generators not provided for in groups H01M6/00 - H01M12/00; Manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Description
463409 A7 B7 五、發明說明( 發明 本發明有關可充電無數回合之電心 電應用裝置用之可靠電源。本發明特= 二=廣泛 和長期操作期限。 代表性之高功率密度 :::月巾’此—系統包括—種多層能量貯存裝置結構, K合個別之正極與負極元件,料元件包括一個單一撓 性結構中之假電容器或雙層超電容器材料與可再充電插入 電池材料,可以根據需要決定該結構大小與㈣,使之與 應2裝置最相容,並提供有利對高能量密度與功率密度。’、 —需要可移動電能來源之最新應用-自個人通訊裝置至電動 汽車-以指數速率增加。此等應用在例如電壓或功率水準上 <需求範園廣泛,但是其均偏好輕量貯存裝置,此等輕量 貝丁存裝置可以迅速提供長時間且—貫之高能量密度,而且 可以很快再充電至操作能量水準。迄今,大致以貯存裝置_ 換言之可再充電電池,諸如鋰電子插入系統,或是感應假 電谷超電容器或是非感應雙層反應型超電容器等兩種現有 種類符合此等廣泛之可移動能量需求。 選擇此等電池或超電答器系統通常由應用對於高能量密 度或是迅速輸送高功率之需求較迫切來決定,電池具有高 能量密度’而超電容器可以迅速輸送高功率。在單一應用 中符合高能量與高功率密度兩種需求之嚐試已發展出某些 貫例’其中將兩種裝置種類排列在一起,於高能量需求 時,使該電池對該超電容器充電。很明顯地,此種實例之 -4- ^紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) *----^----訂---- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 4 6340 9 Λ7 B7 五、發明說明(2 缺點係重量過重。此#例之其他限制反映 … 求,以及許多電池和電池壽命周期1 k時间需 之物理性嚴苛條件通常會縮短該電池“ ^池充電操作 本:明系统表示一種符合可移動電能應用· 展,其於一個輕量且擴大電容之單—整μ j <明顯進 與超電容器二者之必要特性。包括例如-種^結合電池 器元件與-種可插入電池組合物之相對電極’二碳超電容 別是一種過渡金屬氧化物尖晶石材料,其1二砠合物特 子迅速擴散而且插入後之物理失眞少之:構,::顯示離 同時顯示電池之高度能量野存能力以及超二系统可叹 率輸送與出人意料之壽侧。該感應電池插:::” 面充電作用獨特結合之另—優點係可實現插入系表 因馬可以例如調整陽離子(例如鹼土 /、保 對電極材料稀少之故才能達成。 子)大小〈個別相 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本發明之混合系統可使用大部分先前可再充電插入心 與超電容器裝置之個別組合物。此等早期裝置通常^也 例如美國專利5,418,〇91與5,⑴,37S。如同在此等早期系, -般’插入電極可能包括金屬硫化物、氧化物、磷酸略:无 與氟化物、開放結構含碳石墨、硬化碳與焦炭,以及 元素’諸如紹、錫與梦。同樣地,通f大表面積封閉 活性碳粉末、發泡體、纖維與紡織品可用於該對電極^。 該混合系統之另外活性電解質元件同樣可由先前可得材料 調配,使用可插入鹼金屬與鹼土金屬陽離子之非水性溶凌 特佳,通常以重要流體形式結合,形成含纖維或聚合物基 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐 46340 9 A7 B7 五、發明說明(3 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 :材料’,此保有對於兩種電解質離子物質移動性有利之 環境。該第二種電池所代表之層疊聚合層格式描述於美國 專利5,46〇,904’而且相關公告很適用於本發明結構。 t明總結 發明混合式!池/超電容器結構本質±包括負與正電極元 件’其具有-個包含流體電解質之插入絕緣離子穿透隔板 凡件。此等功能凡件呈層疊在一起之個別層或隔膜形式爲 佳,以形成一種撓性單一結構。該負“電池,,電極元件層包 括一種可插入材料之組合物,以一種分散於例如聚(偏二氟 乙晞-共聚-六氟丙烯)共聚物之聚合基質中的尖晶石化合物 爲佳。爲了提供電極間之低電阻電流傳導,該電池層可熱 層疊於個導電電泥收集元件,諸如一個網狀金屬箔。該 正“超電容器”對電極元件層同樣係由一種在共聚物基質中 之活性碳组合物與—種電流收集箔製得。 在電極元件之間插入隔板元件,其可包括先前所使用高 度孔隙率、微孔狀或是吸收性聚合物薄膜層或隔膜任何一 者’此等層或隔膜中分散有一種包括一種可插入陽離予之 電解質鹽溶液,例如LiPF6在2份數碳酸伸乙酯與1份數碳酸 二甲酯混合物中之丨M溶液。此種電解質確保該系統結構内 之基本離子傳導性與移動性。本發明中,該移動性係符合 於該裝置充電與放電期間使該電解質鹽之兩種離子物質迅 速流入與流出個別電極之令人注意g的。高度流動性可使 該較大 '先前已鈍化且未使用之陰離子物質產生較不受限 制之移動’以吸附在正電極’其於此處參與系统元件之電 6- 私紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 「j - 1 ---„----訂·---- ο 4 6340 9 Λ7 137 經濟部智蘇財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明(4 容充電作用。 因此’藉由自電解質至該正電極表面之陰離子移動 如μ非感應雙層型之進行電容充電作用,提高充電期間使 負電極内進行插入(其通常爲先前電池結構中能量貯存的唯 一模式)之常見陽離子移動。此種感應插入電池充電與弈感 應電容器充電之結合效果迅速產生高能量密度,其可以相 同迅速方式恢復’視應用需求產生高功率密度。藉由判斷 性選擇電極材料-即此等存在所需充電電位差之個別插入與 谷器廷極元件化合物,該混合式貯存裝置中可以達成不 同電壓水準。 圖式簡 參考附圖描述本發明,其中: 圖1係本發明一種層疊混合式電池/超電容器電池結構之 橫斷面圖示; .圖2係先前技藝代表性鋰離子插入電池中,個別電極充電 /放電電壓特性之圖表; 圖3係先前技藝代表性雙層超電容器中,個別電極充電/ 放電電壓特性之圖表; 圖4係本發明混合式電池,超電容器系統中,個別電極充 電/放電電壓特性之圖表; 圖5係本發明一具體實例中之個別電極與複合混合系統電 壓水準; 係延長充電/放電循九時’本發明混合式電池/超電容 姦系..无具體實例之一的充電電容器圖表:以及 本紙張尺度適 t請先閱讀背面之注意事頊苒填寫本頁) .--I r---I 訂----- 4 6340 9 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明(5 ) 圖7係若干適於製造本發明混合系統負電極之化合物的插 入電壓範圍。 發明詳述 本發明代表性層疊混合式電池/超電容器結構1 〇通常示於 (非等比例)圖1,而且包括一個包含電流收集箔[〗之正電極 兀件,該箔呈具有—個伸出末端標記丨2之開放式篩鋁柵形 式’其於熱和壓力下層疊於電極元件1 3 ’該電極元件(3包 括活性碳層,諸如一種碳纖維.紡織品或是—種於聚合黏人 劑基質中之粉末狀碳的组合物。 負電極元件包括電流收集箔丨9,其呈具有末端標記丨6之 開放式篩鋼柵形式,同樣層疊於一個插入電極元件1 7,其 包括例如一種聚合基質,該聚合基質中分散有一種細碎〇列 如次微米範圍)插入化合物,諸如.較佳 〜大9日石, LUTbOu。此較佳化合物結構有利地顯現充分 入屮 < 插入位 置,一種系統陽離子(例如Li+)可以迅速調整並分散在兮尹 晶結構中,而且不會導入可能致使損耗能量 μ 里4存能力以及 長時間充電/放電之後使用期限的膨脹應力。 .、 …、该尖晶石 在此万面很顯著,但是甚多其他插入材料(諸 L J../ -η . 晋名公告與 本况明書下文中所提及者)完全符合用於本系 死負電極之活 性组合物用途。 在複合電極元件之電極元件13,17之間插a y ,,人—個隔板元 件,其包括例如超高分子量微纖絲聚烯烴·〜種超多孔共^ 隔膜’或是其他種類可吸附電解質溶液之惰性+ ' 电予絕緣且 穿达離子介質。該系統之隔板元件至少部分 巧次疋熱黏合 本紙張尺度適用令國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210x 297公釐) 裝-----^----訂--------- {%先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} 463409 A7 B7 五、發明說明(6 ) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 性組合物以便層曼爲佳,施加熱與壓力軟化該隔板隔膜, 並將其牢固地黏合於該系統電極,進行該層疊作用。在— 種如下述之試驗模式中,該混合式裝置可包括一個參考電 極1 4。 當該層疊電池結構完成時,塗覆前述種類電解質溶液— 段時間,這段時間足以使電解質溶液吸收至隔板丨5的孔狀 結構内,以提供該系統内之基本離子移動性。較佳電解質 包括可解離鹽類之非水性溶液,此等鹽類提供插入陽離 子,諸如鹼,例如Li+、鹼土類,例如Mg++ '鑭系元素、 A1+++或是Zn++部分。此等電解質同樣用以操作該系統,諸如 互補陰離子物質,如PF6-、BF4-或C104-。 如下列實施例所示,可以更特定地製造並使用本發明之 代表性具體實例=實施例1 以可以成功製造可再充電Li離子電池之方式,諸如前述 專利説明書所述方式製備隔板隔膜丨5。特別是,由—種組 合物鎮造該隔膜,該組合物包括—種6克約38〇 x i〇3 mw (由 Atochem North America所售,是爲 Kynar FLEX 280 1)之 88:12聚(偏二氟乙烯-共聚-六氟丙烯)(VdF:HFp)共聚物與 I 0克可相容有機增塑劑-苯二甲酸二丁酯(Dbp)-於約4 0克 丙鋼中之溶液。將另外4克粉末狀煙霧氧化矽分散於一個機 械式摻合機内之落液中,鑄造該组合物,並乾燥成一種約 0.075毫米厚之撓性隔膜。該組合物可能包括替代性增塑 劑’諸如苯二甲酸二甲酯、苯二甲酸二乙酯或苯二甲酸三 9- 本紙張尺度適用令國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(21〇 x 297公釐
(請先Μ讀背面之注意事項再填寫本MC 装-----\----訂-----
I .^1 ϋ I 4 6340 9 Δ7 ----------B7_____ 五、發明說明(7 ) 氧土乙@曰,以及其他無機填料添加劑,諸如煙霧狀氧化 或夕k化煙務狀氧化矽,可用以加強隔板隔膜之物理強 度而在某些组合物中,可以提高電解質溶液吸收之隨後 水準。 實施例2 將1 〇克大表面積(丨5 0 〇平方米/克)活性碳粉末懸浮在2 〇克 88.12 VdF.HFP共聚物 Atochem Kynar FLEX 2801)與 3 0 克增 塑劑(DBP)於約丨6〇克丙酮中之溶液,製備一種正電極塗覆 組合物。於一個機械性摻合機中攪拌該混合物約1 〇分鐘, 確使其均句,然後鑄造並於室溫下在空氣中使之乾燥1小 時。將形成之堅韌撓性超電容器電極隔膜1 3敏捷地切成約 50毫米X 80毫米之所需試驗大小。將約5 〇微米厚之鋁開放 式筛柵(例如由Delker Corporation所售之Microgrid精確_脹 结)裁切成約50毫米X 1〇〇毫米之電流收集器元件^ (圖1), 並使之與構件1 3面接觸,以提供約2 0毫米之伸出收集器末 端標記1 2。以每直線厘米滚筒接觸約4S N之壓力下,將該 集合物通過加熱至約!25°C之滚筒間,隔膜1 3之聚合電極組 合物充分軟化,穿透該柵收集器1 I之開放式篩,並形成牢 固埋藏該收集器之結合,形成一個單一正電極元件。 實施例3 同樣自一種錡造組合物製備一種負極插入電極隔膜,該 鑄造组合物包括一種10.5克粉碎LiJisO u與I ‘ 2克Super-ρ導電 性碳粉末於實施例1之2‘8克VdF:HFP共聚物與4.3克DBP於約 2 0克丙酮中之溶液内的懸浮液。將一個50毫米X 80毫米電 -10- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 x 29/么潑) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 裝*----„----訂---- ο 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 4 6 34 0 9 A7 Β7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明(8 ) 極隔膜1 7同樣層疊於具有一個伸出末端標記1 6之Microgrid 膨脹鋼箔之電流收集1 9。製備此電極元件與實施例2之對 電極時,小心地提供有效電容器與包括最終電極之插入材 料個別數量之合理平衡。此種平衡係以個別電極之預定能 量貯存電容爲基準,而且主要藉由調整該隔膜之鑄造厚度 進行。因此’此等實例中,相較於電容充電電極之3 〇毫安 培/克’該插入電極提供更高之比電容,換言之約丨5〇毫安 培/克,該負電極隔膜可鑄造成一種厚度,使該尖晶石佔該 正电極活性奴化合物質量約2 〇 %。 實施例4 爲完成製造使本發明具體化之單一混合式電池/超電容器 電池裝置,排列實施例2與3中製備之個別正電極與負電 極’其中插入貫施例1之隔板隔膜,以先前方式,使用—種 加熱滾筒裝置-諸如一種市售卡片式層疊器_於溫度約135。〇 下層疊該集合物。爲了避免該裝置中短路,由柵n,19之 橫向間隔部分形成收集器元件之末端標記12,16。. 該製造方法中之最終操作係添加電解質溶液活化該混合 式電池裝置,以達到離子導電係數,並提供—個離子物質 之充分貯存器,以保持該充電/放電循環活性。在這方面, 必須注意本系統不只使用陽離子物質例如Li+作爲先前蓄電 池之負電極處可逆插入期間之活性充電轉換介質,其亦在 於陰離子物質,例如PIV ,其於正電極處進行雙層超電容器 反應性之電荷貯存。因此,雖然先前電池系統之一或多個 插入電極可代表一種陽離子源,但是本混合系統中以電解 11 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) --III·--I ^ I I__ ο I* -1 / - ,1 463409 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 _______07 五、發明說明(9 ) ~ 質作爲兩種離子物質之主要來源。因此提供充分電解奸 持長時間完全且重複充電作用極爲重要。此種電解質2‘ 用標準係超過化學計量數量的2至5倍。 ‘ 以電解質溶液簡單飽和該隔板容易達成此等電池之八 活化作用,此等電池具有包括事先形成超多孔薄膜、:二 維狀隔膜或纖维墊,諸如0·5毫米Whatmai^^矽酸鹽纖維過 濾板之隔板隔膜等結構。本範例種類之電池結構包括兩極 與塑性化聚合物组合物,自該結構之共聚物组合物中萃取 出增塑劑之後,經由施加一種電解質溶液完成電解質之添 加作用爲佳’其中將圖1之層疊電池結構I 〇浸入—種增塑 劑用之溶劑(其對於共聚物基質材料之影響相當小)中^行 該萃取作用。至於上述VdF:HFP共聚物,此種溶劑可爲二乙 醚或二甲醚、甲醇、己烷等。藉由隔膜適度緩慢蒸發該萃 取溶液’在整體隔板隔膜丨5中形成之微孔狀結構對層整電 池1 0提供了豐富的位置’以保留先前蓄聚合電池與超電容 器中常用之任何非水性電解質溶液。 値得注目的是,可於該電解質溶液中使用有機溶劑,諸 如碳酸丙烯酯、二乙氧基乙烷、碳酸二乙酯、二甲氧基乙 燒 '四氫嘧吩與碳酸二丙酯及其混合物^此外,調配活化 電解質溶液時,適用之鋰鹽包括LiC1〇4、LiN(CF3S02)2、
LiBF4、LiCF3S03及LiSbF6,其可用於介於約0.5與2 Μ之間的 溶液濃度。特別有用的係出人意料之UPF6的碳酸乙烯酯/碳 酸二甲酿组合物以及與U.s 5,192,629所描述之LiBF4混合 物。 -12- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A·!規格(210 X 297公楚) ------------o t----l·——訂------ f5f‘先閱續背面之>±意事項再填寫本頁) 〇 4 6340 9 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明(1〇 ) 實施例5 使用此種電解質製備時,將層疊聚合電池結構1 〇浸於一 種二乙醚體中’於其中溫和攪拌約1 0分鐘 ',萃取該電極之 D B P組份與隔板隔膜組合物。自該萃取槽移開並於室溫乾 燥之後’於無濕氣氣氡下,浸入Upf6於碳酸乙烯酯(EC): 碳酸二甲醋(DMC)爲2 : 1混合物中之1 Μ電解質溶液约1 〇分 鐘以活化該電池’期間該電解質溶液吸入該微孔狀層疊結 構中’大致取代原有之DBP增塑劑。然後,以吸收材料輕 拭以去除表面電解質,除了該伸出之末端標記12,16之 外,活化電池/超電容器電池密封在一種聚烯烴包裝(未 顯示出來)内,以保持無濕氣環境。 實施例6 木製is·期間,就誠驗目的.修正一種前述混合式電/超電容 器電池裝置之樣本,其係將—個銀線電極1 4插入隔板隔膜 1 5中,以提供常見參考資料,參考該資料測量該裝置充電/ 放電循環期間之電壓特性。爲了作對照,於進行充電/放電 循環試.驗時,同樣修正個別先前技藝之Li/C u離子插入電 池與C/C雙層超電容器電池。該Ag假電極以相對電壓(相對 於標準氫電極(SHE)約-〇_05伏)提供實際上接近零之資料, 以該資料繪製電池操作圖表 :’ 体』F 口衣,忭馬无呢與放電循環作用期 間,個別電極之電壓改變之演變。 .此万式中,操作結合層疊pVdp:HFp隔膜以及 LlPF6:EC:DMC電解質之先前電池期間,可以如圖2所示追蹤 例如Li離子在各個正與負LixMn2G4與石墨電極上之去插入 、-------訂----- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) --------------------------
46340 9 A7 B7 五、發明說明() 與插入電壓水準,其中此等電極之電壓水準24,26到達約 + 1.0伏與-3_1伏,產生約4 〇1伏之完全充電電池電壓。相反 地’如圖2所示,該電池放電期間,L i +離子自負石墨電極 去插入,並插入於正尖晶石電極,個別電極電壓回到基本 資料。 實施例7 經 濟 部 智 慧 財 產 局 消 費 合 作 社 印 以相同方式,針對包括活性碳電極隔膜之先前技藝層疊 聚合物基質雙層超電容器繪製充電/放電循環期間之電壓改 變特性。該結構大體上與圖1類似,其係使用pVdF:HFp共 聚物與實施例6之電解質。如圖3所示,每個循環期間,自 基本資料22至+ 1.25伏與].25伏之個別充電電極電壓34,36 對稱且規律變化係電容充電之代表,而且反映此等電極之 類似組合物。 實施例8 以先前方式進行實施例6之混合式電池/超電容器具體實 例試驗電池’如圖4所示,以a g假標準基本資料4 2繪製電. 極電壓特性。由此種評估發現,可看出個別正超電容器组 合物電極與負電池插入組合物電極保有其明顯之充電/放電 電壓特性44,46,其介於+1.25伏與_125伏之間的基本資料 與%全充電水準。此等代表性充電循環輪廓確定混合式電 池之功能,其中於充電時,該電解質之L丨+離子插入負電極 之LUTip,2尖晶石中,提供電池高能量密度電荷46,而pk 私解處離子吸附於正活性碳電極,產生高功率密度超電容 器電荷44。如圖5所示,此等電極之混合功能提供沿著軌 -14- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(2】〇 X 297 ^ (請先間讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) '『裝--------訂----- 」*· ο 463409 A7 __ B7 五、發明說明(12 ) 跡54,56累積個別充電電壓,其產生一個線性充電電壓範 圍5 8,提供與資料52有關,介於约丨5伏與2 75伏之高能量 與功率密度。 在圖6所有之軌跡6 2上,以固定L12毫安培長時間操作 後,可以看出該混合式電池/超電容器之異常安定電容。此 有利特性反映出以LqTijO,2尖晶石負電極之顯著性質加強本 具體實例之超電容器裝置之高度安定性,其中該負電極性 質可以進行插入作用,而且不會使該尖晶石結構產生降解 物理膨脹應力。 可使用在本發明混合式電池中且具有不同成功程度之其 他插入材料包括硫化物’諸如Tib、與ZrS2 ;氧化物, 諸如 Mn02、LiMn204、Mo03、W03、Ti02、C〇3〇4、Fe2〇3 與
Cr308;磷酸鹽類’諸如LiFeP04與LiMnP04;氟化物,諸如 FeF2與FeFy含碳材料’諸如石墨、焦炭與硬化碳;及合金 金屬與化合物,諸如Al、Sn、Sn〇2與Si。爲了以本混合系统 獲得重要操作電壓範圍’選擇性插入化合物與具有插入電 壓範圍之材料爲佳,此等範圍明顯低於經選擇性超電容器 電極材料(例如活性碳)之電容充電範圍。許多適用負電極 物質與SHE資料相較之插入電墨範圍示於圖7。亦已令人..高 意地發現使用機械性Swagelock試驗部分電池單元之較簡單 方法評估電極與電解質材料以及系統操作。試驗資枓可视 爲與前述實例所述發展較完全之層疊電池的資料相當。 預期熟悉此技藝者經由利用原有性質可以獲得前述敘述 所揭示混合式電池/超電容器系統之其他變化,而且此等變 化係包括附綠申請專利範圍所聲明之本發明範圍内。 -15- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CJs:s)A4規格(210 X 297公爱) (锖先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
^1 «^1 n I i n 1^1 n I 經濟部智慧財產局員工湞費合作社印製
Claims (1)
- 刖680808 46340 9 六、申請專利範圍 I, 種可再充電電能貯存系統,其包栝一個正電極元件、 一個負電極元件及一個插入其間且包含一種流體電解質 之隔板元件,該電解質包括一组可解離鹽之離子物質, 其特徵係 a) 遠電極元件之一包括一種可以插入第一種離子物 質’以適應第一極性電改變應用之材料,及 b) 該電極元件另一者包括一種可以吸附第二種離子物 質’以適應相對極性同時發生之電改變應用之材料。 2. 如申請專利範園第1項之貯存系統,其中該第一離子物 質係選自包括鹼類、鹼土類、鑭類、A 1與Ζ η之群組。 3. 如申请專利範園第1項之貯存系統,其中該第二離予物 質係選自包括PF6,C104,BF4,CF3S03,及SbF6之群組。 4. 如申晴專利範圍第1項之貯存系統,其中該一種電極元 件材料係選自包括過渡金屬氧化物 '硫.化物、磷酸鹽類 與氟化物’以及驗金屬與驗土金屬-合金金屬與化合 物。 5. 如申請專利範圍第1項之貯存系統,其中該一種電極元 件材料係選自包括開放結構含碳石墨、硬化碳與焦炭之 群組。 6. 如申請專利範圍第1項之貯存系統’其中該其他電極元 件材料係選自包括假電容器與雙層電容器電極材料之群 組。 7. 如申請專利範圍第4項之貯存系統’其中該一種電極元 件材料係選自包括過渡金屬氧化物尖晶石化合物之群 _ -16- _ 度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(21〇 x 297公釐) ----------1丨- ---- 』 ( {請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂---------Λ ,0r 级濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 463409 六、申請專利範圍 組 8.如申請專利範圍第7項之貯存系統,其中该/種電極元 件材料係Li4Ti5〇12。 9·如申_請專利範圍第6項之貯存系統,其中该其他电核元 件材料係選自包括大表面積活性碳粉末' 發泡體、纖維 經 濟 部 智 慧 財 彦 局 消 費 合 作 社 印 與紡織材料之群組 10·如申請專利範圍第I項之貯存系統,其中该電解質包括 至少一種可解離鹽於有機溶劑中之0.5 Μ炱2.0 Μ浴液’ 該溶劑選自包括碳酸乙晞酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸丙晞 酯' 二乙氧基乙烷、碳酸二乙酯、二曱氧基乙烷、四氫 ρ塞吩與碳酸二丙酯及其混合物之群組。 11. 如申請專利範圍第! 0項之貯存系統,其中該至少一種可 解離鹽係選自包括 LiPF6、LiC104、LiN(CF3S〇2)2、、 LiCF3S03與LiSbF6之群組。 12. —種可再充電混合式電池/超電容器系統,其包栝一個 正電極元件、一個負電極元件與一個插入其間且包含一 種流體電解質之隔板元件,該電解質包括一對可解離鹽 之離子物質,其特徵係 a )該電極元件之一包括一層材料,該層材料可以插入 第一種離子物質,以適應第一極性電改變應用,及 b)該電極元件另一者包括一層材料,該材科可以吸附 第二種離子物質,以適應相對極性同時發生之電改變應 用, 17- 本纸張尺度迪用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 x 297公釐) f請先閱請背面之>it亊項再填寫本頁) 一 -------- 叮·------ 463409 A8 B8 C8 D8 六、申請專利範圍 C )該隔板元件包括一微孔狀層,其中分散有該可解離 鹽之非水性溶液,以及 d)在各元件之個別界面將彼黏合成一或多個鄰近元 件,形成一個單一層疊結構。 如中請專利範園第1 2項之混合系統,其中將各個電極 几件黏合成個別導電性電流收集器元件。 14·如中請專利範園第1 2項之混合系統,其中 a)該等電極元件層各者均包括一種聚合基質,其中分 散有個別離子插入與離子吸附材料, b )孩隔板元件層包括一種聚合隔膜,其中分散有很多 孔與空隙,以及 c )孩等元件係藉由熱黏合作用於該等元件之聚合表面 處黏合。 15.如申請專利範圍第1 2項之混合系統,其中該一種電極 元件材料係選自包括過渡金屬氧化物、硫化物、磷酸鹽 類與氟化物,以及鹼金屬與鹼土金屬_合金金屬與化合 物之群组= ^ 16.如申請專利範圍第1 2項之混合系統 其中該 極 經 濟 部 智 慧 財 產 局 消 費 合 作 杜 印 製 :::料係選自包括開放結構含碳石墨’:硬化碳與二 17.如申請專利範圍第1 2項之混合系統 元件材料係選自包括假電容器與雙層 及大表面積活性碳粉末與纖維之群组 18·如申凊專利範圍第1 2項之混合系統, ’其中該另一電極 電容器電極材料以 α 其中該電解質包括 -18- 297公釐) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(21〇 46340 9 獲08 六、申請專利範圍 至少一種可解離鹽於有機溶劑中之〇 · 5 Μ至2.0 Μ溶液, 該溶劑選自包括碳酸乙晞酷、碳酸二甲醋、碳酸丙缔 酉旨、二乙氧基乙坑、碳酸二乙酷 '二甲氧基乙垸、四氫 嘧吩與碳酸二丙酯及其混合物之群組。 19. 如申請專利範圍第1 8項之貯存系統,其中至少一種可解 離鹽係選自包括 LiPF6、LiC104、LiN(CF3S02)2、UBF4、 LiCF3S03 與 LiSbF6之群組。 20. 如申請專利範圍第1 2項之混合系統,其中 a)該一種電極元件層包括Li4Ti5012, b )該另一電極元件層包括一種高表面積活性碳,以及 c)該電解質包括於碳酸乙烯酯:碳酸二甲酯爲2 : 1混合 物中1 Μ之LiPF6溶液。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) .裝--------訂---------坡" 經濟部智韃財產局員工消費合作钍印製 -19 張尺度適用中囤國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐)
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| JP2002542582A (ja) | 2002-12-10 |
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