TW436374B - Method and apparatus for conditioning a polishing pad used in chemical mechanical planarization - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for conditioning a polishing pad used in chemical mechanical planarization Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW436374B TW436374B TW088119569A TW88119569A TW436374B TW 436374 B TW436374 B TW 436374B TW 088119569 A TW088119569 A TW 088119569A TW 88119569 A TW88119569 A TW 88119569A TW 436374 B TW436374 B TW 436374B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- roller
- pressure
- patent application
- polishing pad
- pad
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 title abstract 2
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 40
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005441 aurora Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000239226 Scorpiones Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/302—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to change their surface-physical characteristics or shape, e.g. etching, polishing, cutting
- H01L21/304—Mechanical treatment, e.g. grinding, polishing, cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B53/00—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces
- B24B53/017—Devices or means for dressing, cleaning or otherwise conditioning lapping tools
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/16—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation taking regard of the load
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D5/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor
- B24D5/02—Wheels in one piece
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Grinding-Machine Dressing And Accessory Apparatuses (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
- Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/188,779 US6086460A (en) | 1998-11-09 | 1998-11-09 | Method and apparatus for conditioning a polishing pad used in chemical mechanical planarization |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TW436374B true TW436374B (en) | 2001-05-28 |
Family
ID=22694491
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW088119569A TW436374B (en) | 1998-11-09 | 2000-01-24 | Method and apparatus for conditioning a polishing pad used in chemical mechanical planarization |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US6086460A (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP1128932A4 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP2002529924A (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR100642405B1 (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU1224400A (enExample) |
| TW (1) | TW436374B (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2000027585A1 (enExample) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7425172B2 (en) | 2003-03-25 | 2008-09-16 | Nexplanar Corporation | Customized polish pads for chemical mechanical planarization |
| TWI394637B (zh) * | 2005-08-30 | 2013-05-01 | Tokyo Seimitsu Co Ltd | 墊調節器、墊調節方法及拋光裝置 |
| TWI451938B (zh) * | 2010-05-10 | 2014-09-11 | Samsung Electronics Co Ltd | 化學機械研磨設備之調節器 |
Families Citing this family (37)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6086460A (en) * | 1998-11-09 | 2000-07-11 | Lam Research Corporation | Method and apparatus for conditioning a polishing pad used in chemical mechanical planarization |
| US6248009B1 (en) * | 1999-02-18 | 2001-06-19 | Ebara Corporation | Apparatus for cleaning substrate |
| JP4030247B2 (ja) * | 1999-05-17 | 2008-01-09 | 株式会社荏原製作所 | ドレッシング装置及びポリッシング装置 |
| US6196899B1 (en) * | 1999-06-21 | 2001-03-06 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Polishing apparatus |
| US6244944B1 (en) | 1999-08-31 | 2001-06-12 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Method and apparatus for supporting and cleaning a polishing pad for chemical-mechanical planarization of microelectronic substrates |
| US6306019B1 (en) | 1999-12-30 | 2001-10-23 | Lam Research Corporation | Method and apparatus for conditioning a polishing pad |
| US6579797B1 (en) * | 2000-01-25 | 2003-06-17 | Agere Systems Inc. | Cleaning brush conditioning apparatus |
| US6343977B1 (en) * | 2000-03-14 | 2002-02-05 | Worldwide Semiconductor Manufacturing Corp. | Multi-zone conditioner for chemical mechanical polishing system |
| US6626743B1 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2003-09-30 | Lam Research Corporation | Method and apparatus for conditioning a polishing pad |
| US6361414B1 (en) | 2000-06-30 | 2002-03-26 | Lam Research Corporation | Apparatus and method for conditioning a fixed abrasive polishing pad in a chemical mechanical planarization process |
| US6645046B1 (en) | 2000-06-30 | 2003-11-11 | Lam Research Corporation | Conditioning mechanism in a chemical mechanical polishing apparatus for semiconductor wafers |
| US6435952B1 (en) | 2000-06-30 | 2002-08-20 | Lam Research Corporation | Apparatus and method for qualifying a chemical mechanical planarization process |
| US6468134B1 (en) * | 2000-06-30 | 2002-10-22 | Lam Research Corporation | Method and apparatus for slurry distribution |
| JP3768399B2 (ja) * | 2000-11-17 | 2006-04-19 | 株式会社荏原製作所 | ドレッシング装置及びポリッシング装置 |
| US6875091B2 (en) | 2001-01-04 | 2005-04-05 | Lam Research Corporation | Method and apparatus for conditioning a polishing pad with sonic energy |
| US6554688B2 (en) | 2001-01-04 | 2003-04-29 | Lam Research Corporation | Method and apparatus for conditioning a polishing pad with sonic energy |
| US6752698B1 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2004-06-22 | Lam Research Corporation | Method and apparatus for conditioning fixed-abrasive polishing pads |
| US6910949B1 (en) | 2001-04-25 | 2005-06-28 | Lam Research Corporation | Spherical cap-shaped polishing head in a chemical mechanical polishing apparatus for semiconductor wafers |
| US6767427B2 (en) * | 2001-06-07 | 2004-07-27 | Lam Research Corporation | Apparatus and method for conditioning polishing pad in a chemical mechanical planarization process |
| US20040194239A1 (en) * | 2001-06-27 | 2004-10-07 | Macdonald Ronald Anthony | Container washing apparatus |
| KR100462868B1 (ko) * | 2001-06-29 | 2004-12-17 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 반도체 폴리싱 장치의 패드 컨디셔너 |
| US6645052B2 (en) | 2001-10-26 | 2003-11-11 | Lam Research Corporation | Method and apparatus for controlling CMP pad surface finish |
| US6561880B1 (en) * | 2002-01-29 | 2003-05-13 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Apparatus and method for cleaning the polishing pad of a linear polisher |
| US20030190874A1 (en) * | 2002-04-02 | 2003-10-09 | So Joseph K. | Composite conditioning tool |
| US6958005B1 (en) * | 2004-03-30 | 2005-10-25 | Lam Research Corporation | Polishing pad conditioning system |
| US6969307B2 (en) * | 2004-03-30 | 2005-11-29 | Lam Research Corporation | Polishing pad conditioning and polishing liquid dispersal system |
| US6935938B1 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-08-30 | Lam Research Corporation | Multiple-conditioning member device for chemical mechanical planarization conditioning |
| US8251776B2 (en) * | 2006-01-23 | 2012-08-28 | Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. | Method and apparatus for conditioning a CMP pad |
| KR100943740B1 (ko) * | 2008-06-02 | 2010-02-23 | 세메스 주식회사 | Lcd 패널 및 반도체 기판의 연마 장치 |
| US20100062693A1 (en) * | 2008-09-05 | 2010-03-11 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Two step method and apparatus for polishing metal and other films in semiconductor manufacturing |
| US20100291841A1 (en) * | 2009-05-14 | 2010-11-18 | Chien-Min Sung | Methods and Systems for Water Jet Assisted CMP Processing |
| CN102049730B (zh) * | 2010-12-29 | 2012-02-15 | 清华大学 | 一种用于化学机械抛光设备的晶圆交换装置 |
| JP5878441B2 (ja) * | 2012-08-20 | 2016-03-08 | 株式会社荏原製作所 | 基板洗浄装置及び基板処理装置 |
| US20140310895A1 (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2014-10-23 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Scrubber brush force control assemblies, apparatus and methods for chemical mechanical polishing |
| JP5554440B2 (ja) * | 2013-07-30 | 2014-07-23 | ニッタ・ハース株式会社 | 研磨パッドのコンディショナー |
| US11059145B2 (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2021-07-13 | Tokyo Electron Limited | Dressing apparatus and dressing method for substrate rear surface polishing member |
| JP7079164B2 (ja) | 2018-07-06 | 2022-06-01 | 株式会社荏原製作所 | 基板洗浄装置および基板洗浄方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US3753269A (en) * | 1971-05-21 | 1973-08-21 | R Budman | Abrasive cloth cleaner |
| US4318250A (en) * | 1980-03-31 | 1982-03-09 | St. Florian Company, Ltd. | Wafer grinder |
| US4672985A (en) * | 1985-03-18 | 1987-06-16 | Mohr Larry D | Belt cleaning apparatus |
| US4720939A (en) * | 1986-05-23 | 1988-01-26 | Simpson Products, Inc. | Wide belt sander cleaning device |
| DE3625286A1 (de) * | 1986-07-25 | 1988-02-04 | Flier Gustav | Schleifscheibenreinigung durch beaufschlagung des kuehlwassers mit ultraschall, insbesondere in anwendung fuer schleifmaschinen |
| US4934102A (en) * | 1988-10-04 | 1990-06-19 | International Business Machines Corporation | System for mechanical planarization |
| US5081051A (en) * | 1990-09-12 | 1992-01-14 | Intel Corporation | Method for conditioning the surface of a polishing pad |
| EP0517594B1 (fr) * | 1991-06-06 | 1995-12-13 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Machine de polissage à bande microabrasive tendue et à tête support de plaquette perfectionnée |
| WO1993001896A1 (en) * | 1991-07-22 | 1993-02-04 | Robert Keith Smith | Belt cleaner |
| JP3036348B2 (ja) * | 1994-03-23 | 2000-04-24 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | ウェーハ研磨パッドのツルーイング装置 |
| US5547417A (en) * | 1994-03-21 | 1996-08-20 | Intel Corporation | Method and apparatus for conditioning a semiconductor polishing pad |
| US5622526A (en) * | 1994-03-28 | 1997-04-22 | J. D. Phillips Corporation | Apparatus for trueing CBN abrasive belts and grinding wheels |
| US5536202A (en) * | 1994-07-27 | 1996-07-16 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Semiconductor substrate conditioning head having a plurality of geometries formed in a surface thereof for pad conditioning during chemical-mechanical polish |
| EP0696495B1 (en) * | 1994-08-09 | 1999-10-27 | Ontrak Systems, Inc. | Linear polisher and method for semiconductor wafer planarization |
| US5575707A (en) * | 1994-10-11 | 1996-11-19 | Ontrak Systems, Inc. | Polishing pad cluster for polishing a semiconductor wafer |
| US5593344A (en) * | 1994-10-11 | 1997-01-14 | Ontrak Systems, Inc. | Wafer polishing machine with fluid bearings and drive systems |
| US5643044A (en) * | 1994-11-01 | 1997-07-01 | Lund; Douglas E. | Automatic chemical and mechanical polishing system for semiconductor wafers |
| US5775983A (en) * | 1995-05-01 | 1998-07-07 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Apparatus and method for conditioning a chemical mechanical polishing pad |
| US5908530A (en) | 1995-05-18 | 1999-06-01 | Obsidian, Inc. | Apparatus for chemical mechanical polishing |
| US5611943A (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1997-03-18 | Intel Corporation | Method and apparatus for conditioning of chemical-mechanical polishing pads |
| US5655951A (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1997-08-12 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Method for selectively reconditioning a polishing pad used in chemical-mechanical planarization of semiconductor wafers |
| US5779526A (en) * | 1996-02-27 | 1998-07-14 | Gill; Gerald L. | Pad conditioner |
| JPH10118916A (ja) * | 1996-10-24 | 1998-05-12 | Sony Corp | 化学的機械研磨法及びその装置 |
| US5725417A (en) * | 1996-11-05 | 1998-03-10 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Method and apparatus for conditioning polishing pads used in mechanical and chemical-mechanical planarization of substrates |
| US5871390A (en) | 1997-02-06 | 1999-02-16 | Lam Research Corporation | Method and apparatus for aligning and tensioning a pad/belt used in linear planarization for chemical mechanical polishing |
| WO1998045090A1 (en) * | 1997-04-04 | 1998-10-15 | Obsidian, Inc. | Polishing media magazine for improved polishing |
| US6239719B1 (en) * | 1997-06-03 | 2001-05-29 | At&T Wireless Services, Inc. | Method for time-stamping a message based on a recipient location |
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| JPH11300599A (ja) * | 1998-04-23 | 1999-11-02 | Speedfam-Ipec Co Ltd | ワークの片面研磨方法及び装置 |
| US5897426A (en) | 1998-04-24 | 1999-04-27 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Chemical mechanical polishing with multiple polishing pads |
| JPH11333697A (ja) * | 1998-05-28 | 1999-12-07 | Nkk Corp | Cmp装置のドレッサーシステム |
| US6086460A (en) * | 1998-11-09 | 2000-07-11 | Lam Research Corporation | Method and apparatus for conditioning a polishing pad used in chemical mechanical planarization |
-
1998
- 1998-11-09 US US09/188,779 patent/US6086460A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-10-25 WO PCT/US1999/024841 patent/WO2000027585A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-10-25 EP EP99971753A patent/EP1128932A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-10-25 JP JP2000580799A patent/JP2002529924A/ja active Pending
- 1999-10-25 KR KR1020017005824A patent/KR100642405B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-10-25 AU AU12244/00A patent/AU1224400A/en not_active Abandoned
-
2000
- 2000-01-24 TW TW088119569A patent/TW436374B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-07-10 US US09/612,992 patent/US6328637B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7425172B2 (en) | 2003-03-25 | 2008-09-16 | Nexplanar Corporation | Customized polish pads for chemical mechanical planarization |
| US7704122B2 (en) | 2003-03-25 | 2010-04-27 | Nexplanar Corporation | Customized polish pads for chemical mechanical planarization |
| TWI394637B (zh) * | 2005-08-30 | 2013-05-01 | Tokyo Seimitsu Co Ltd | 墊調節器、墊調節方法及拋光裝置 |
| TWI451938B (zh) * | 2010-05-10 | 2014-09-11 | Samsung Electronics Co Ltd | 化學機械研磨設備之調節器 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1128932A1 (en) | 2001-09-05 |
| US6328637B1 (en) | 2001-12-11 |
| US6086460A (en) | 2000-07-11 |
| EP1128932A4 (en) | 2007-01-10 |
| WO2000027585A1 (en) | 2000-05-18 |
| KR20010092725A (ko) | 2001-10-26 |
| AU1224400A (en) | 2000-05-29 |
| KR100642405B1 (ko) | 2006-11-03 |
| JP2002529924A (ja) | 2002-09-10 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GD4A | Issue of patent certificate for granted invention patent | ||
| MM4A | Annulment or lapse of patent due to non-payment of fees |