TW409203B - High performance, high bandwidth memory bus architecture utilizing sdrams - Google Patents

High performance, high bandwidth memory bus architecture utilizing sdrams Download PDF

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TW409203B
TW409203B TW087103420A TW87103420A TW409203B TW 409203 B TW409203 B TW 409203B TW 087103420 A TW087103420 A TW 087103420A TW 87103420 A TW87103420 A TW 87103420A TW 409203 B TW409203 B TW 409203B
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bus
data
address
performance
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Claude L Bertin
Erik L Hedberg
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G11INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11CSTATIC STORES
    • G11C11/00Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
    • G11C11/21Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements
    • G11C11/34Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices
    • G11C11/40Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices using transistors
    • G11C11/41Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices using transistors forming static cells with positive feedback, i.e. cells not needing refreshing or charge regeneration, e.g. bistable multivibrator or Schmitt trigger
    • G11C11/413Auxiliary circuits, e.g. for addressing, decoding, driving, writing, sensing, timing or power reduction
    • GPHYSICS
    • G11INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11CSTATIC STORES
    • G11C7/00Arrangements for writing information into, or reading information out from, a digital store
    • G11C7/10Input/output [I/O] data interface arrangements, e.g. I/O data control circuits, I/O data buffers
    • G11C7/1072Input/output [I/O] data interface arrangements, e.g. I/O data control circuits, I/O data buffers for memories with random access ports synchronised on clock signal pulse trains, e.g. synchronous memories, self timed memories
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F13/00Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
    • G06F13/14Handling requests for interconnection or transfer
    • G06F13/16Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to memory bus
    • G06F13/1605Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to memory bus based on arbitration
    • G06F13/161Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to memory bus based on arbitration with latency improvement

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A7 B7 赳濟部中央標率局員工消费合作社"¥ 409203 五、發明説明(1 ) 發明領域 本發明係關於隨機存取記憶體(RAM)匯流排架構更特別 地是關於一使用標準的同步動態RAM(SDRAM),並且在減 少輸入/輸出(I/O)接腳計數時仍具有高頻寬,高速資料傳 輸的RAM匯流排架構。 背景説明 動態式隨機存取記憶體(D R A Μ)現已使用高頻寬架構此 架構利用多工化輸入指令、位址和資料的方式使晶片接腳 計數降至九個接腳。例如Ware等人的美國專利第5,430,676 號"動態隨機存取記憶體系統”、Ware等人之美國專利第 5,434,81 7號”隨機存取記憶體系統”以及ware等人之美國專 利第5,511,024號之”動態隨機存取記憶體系統,,。 在些高頻寬的D R A Μ架構中,指令係串聯式地以5 5 3 MHz的時序速率輸入該九個接腳中。稱爲"請求封包"的控 制資訊封包在一稱爲交易操作的期間内被傳送至和儲存於 DRAM中。經過一預先特定的潛在性期間之後,資料則以 500 MHz的傳輸速率輸入或輸出。 請求封包包括一欲被致動的元件庫以及一頁的列和位址 ;要被讀取的八個位元组之第—位元组卜八進位之位元組) 的行位址;以及-資料封包。一資料封包包括輸入資料和 資料罩蓋指令。 在X4些指令或資料交易期間的匯流排轉換速率嚴厲要求 系統匯流排網,既然與⑽魏的所有的系統通訊和交談 (—g)皆是經由這九個位元匯流排達成的緣故’使 -4- 本紙浪尺度適用中酬家297公iy (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
409203 A7 B7 五、發明説明(2 經濟部中央標準局貝工消f合作祍印$ί 得平行系統操作變得困難起來,雖然高頻寬架構可提供比 其他的高頻寬RAM變化方式還快的資料傳輸速率,但是匯 流排的競爭以及匯流排的阻礙將會降低整個系統功能,並 會阻礙無縫的資料傳輸。 發明概要__ 因此’本發明的一目的在於提供一高性能、高頻寬的 RAM匯流排架構,此架構使用同步DRAM(SDRAM)晶片, 且可降低潛伏危機。 本發明的另一目的在於提供一可減少I / 〇接腳性能,但仍 能使用標準的SDRAM晶片提供高頻寬,高性能和無縫式資 料之介面協定。 根據本發明輸入指令是與資料分開的,因此,本發明的 架構可用於平行系統和無縫式資料操作且可維持”封包,,型 式的傳輸·^獨立的記憶體操作可較正常的SDRAM操作增強。 根據本發明的RAM架構包括類似於習知的隨機存取記憶 體(dram)匯流排架構之分開的指令/位址輸入、資料輸入 以及資料輸出。但是,爲減少信號和J / Q計數,本發明的架 構維持-,’封包”指令組,以避免可能損壞系統性能的匯流排 競爭。 、此介面邏輯可用於一特定應用的積體電路(ASIC)中,其 放置於接近SDRAM晶片的區域内,或者可變化包括於 —處理器之控制器中。 圖式之簡述 則述和其他的目的、方面和優點將可以由本發明的一 (請先閲讀背Φ..之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝.
'IT
木紙依 I? β iA 丨f! t!,Dll UL1 A?.* L.OL )Λ4規格(210X 297公後) 經濟部中央操準局員工消費合作社印製 409203 A7 ____ B7 五、發明説明(3 ) 佳實施例配合圖式之説明而有最佳的了解,其中: 圖Ϊ所示爲由一較高實施例的高頻寬介面/控制器所控制 的4 SDRAM的方塊圖; 圖2所示爲説明接收用於圖1之較佳實施例的一指令/位址 封包之時序圖; 圖3所示爲説明接收用於圖1之較佳實施例的一資料封包 之時序圖; 圖4A-4B爲用於圖1之較佳實施例的封包傳輸時序圖; ,圖5所示爲根據本發明的第一較佳實施例r a Μ匯流排架 構之系統方塊圖;和 圖ό所示爲根據本發明的第一較佳實施例r a μ匯流排架 構之系統方塊圖。 明之較佳實施例之詳細説明 現參考附圖,特別是圖丨,該圖顯示可以以卡片方式實施. 本發明的匯流排架構之記憶體模組,此模組之架構可以(例 如)包括四個標準的s DRAM晶片和一特定應用的積體電路 (ASIC) ’此電路包括除了該SDRAM晶片以外,圖夏中的 所有邏輯和暫存器。此模組也可以是一具有該模組和其内 實施的ASIC和SDRAM的所有功能之單一晶片。 圖2係説明至和系統時序有關的四個控制接腳的位址/指 令傳輸。請求包封係經由高速的匯流排網路(基本上是5 〇 〇 MHz)而送至位址/指令輸入和資料1/〇上。該晶片傳輸係在 輸入時序(RXCLK ' TXCLK)和CS的升緣和降緣時觸發。 如圖1所示的例子中,一64百萬位元(Mb)的RAM模組ι〇 -6- 氏狀度⑯财剩料牌(CNS「Χι規格(2IGX297公楚) "-- f诗先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本瓦} -裝 T -6 409203 A7 五、發明説明(4 ) —--- 包括四個16 Mb SDRAM 11,至,-阳加 芏η4,k四個16 Mb (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) SDRAM 11、至…具有四個庫(bank),根據本發明,藉著在 一四次叢集(burst-0f-f0ur)的操作中平行地致動^四個 SDRAM的每-個SDRAM内的庫之方式,得維持頁的深度和 資料頻寬(與其他的高頻寬架構比較起來)。圖4八中, 讀取操作期間,指令控制19和位址控制18在該所有的四個 SDRAM 11]至1“中選出庫〇(例如)之資料,此資料並分 別地送至4xl6的暫存器121至124中。 一旦該資料被載入,一次會有2個位元組由每個暫存器 lh-124送至-64位元的匯流排13中,一多工器丨斗同步地自 該64位元的匯流排丨3中選擇爲八個區塊之一的每個位元组 。這八個區塊依序地被時序化至資料"0匯流排中,資料爲 管線式的,使得下個資料區塊可以自SDRAM 111至1丨4讀 出,並被送至暫存器12l-124的輸入端,如作用並與使暫存 器1 2〗-1 2 4之資料經該6 4位元的匯流排1 3傳送至該多工器 1 4的作用平行地進行。此次一區塊接著被儲存起來,然後 以先入先出(FIFO)的方式選出。 經濟部中央標準局負工消费合作社印裝 指令和位址係依序地在一請求包封指令期間載入。該指 令被解多工成-3 2位元的匯流排,以產生一平行的指令格式 ’以用於位址控制1 8和控制邏輯1 9。該控制邏輯1 9控制一 習知的(J edec標準的)SDRAM,以做平行操作。 圖3所示爲用於如圖2所示的指令控制1 9的一基本的資料 輸入/輸出(I/O)封包數列之時序圖。在圖4B中,在一無入 操作期間,高速時序係依序地使資料位元组經由解多工器 本纸張尺度適用中闽囤家標準(CNS ) M規格(2丨0X297公釐) 409203 A7 B7 經滴部中决標率局貝工消費合作社印^ 五、發明説明( 15,送至該64位元的醒流排13上,且平行地依序經由解多 工器將位址和指令㈣資訊載人m的匯流排16中 ,來自此32位元的匯流排16之開始位址和指令被儲存於位 址控制器18和指令控制器19中’而維持了與服諸握手 (handshaking)協定的相容性。 指令控制器19解碼和發出指令到暫存器丨^至^〗、多工 器14、解多工器15、17和SDRAM 11】至114中。該指令控制 器1 9亦經由解多工器丄5駕馭在資料1/〇匯流排和64位元的 匯流排1 3之間的資料。 一印片選擇(SC)信號致能指令解多工器17和啓始將指令 載入該3 2位7L匯流排1 6中,一旦自該3 2位元匯流排丨6載入 後,控制器18和19將獨立地選擇和存取在SDRAM "厂 1 1 4的選疋位置’以傳送3 2位元组的資料(來自每個 S D R Α Μ 1 1丨-1 1 *的八個位元组)。此3 2位元的位址/指令 匯流排16包括16個位址位元和16個指令位元。 指令可包括’但不限制於如下所示者: 1) 模式暫存器設定 2) 庫有效 3) 庫預充電 4) 讀取 5 )以自動預充電讀取 6) 無入 7) 以自動預充電寫入 8) 庫致動/讀取 本纸浪尺度適用中國囚家標毕(CNS ) Λ4规格 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁} '11 409203 A7 ____ B7 五、發明説明(6 ) 9)庫致動/窝入 1 0)預充電/庫致動/讀取 11)預充電/庫致動/寫入 1 2)自動刷新 1 3 )自行刷新 14)電力向下 1 5)電力向上 1 6)資料罩住 本較佳實施例的匯流排架構可以是一單一晶片,或可以 是在一卡上,並包括具有用以多工的ASIC之標準的sdram 晶片,以提供具有現今部分的進—步81)11八1^產生性能。另 一種麦化疋,在本較佳實施例中的所有邏輯功能(如多工器 ,控制器和暫存器)可以整合於一標準的處理器上,以做高 速的記憶體處理。也可以電子式地將標準的sdram設置在 接近,此積體處理器上,以得到非常高的速率和低潛在的 存取速率。 圖5所示爲根據本發明的第一較佳實施例(s 之系 结濟>邺中央標隼局員工消费合作社印製 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 統方塊圖。在如圖5所示的第一較佳實施例中,一asic 2〇 使四個個別的SDRAM晶片21ι至2l4耦合至處理器22中, 因此’八81〇2〇包括圖1的所有邏輯,其31^八1^211至214 對應於上述的SDRAM 1 1,至114。此ASIC 20和SDRAM 11|至 114可以設在-系統板上’可爲—個別的卡或是模組的形式。 圖6所π爲根據本發明的一第二較佳實施例匯流排 架構。在圖6之第二較佳實施例中,處理器3〇係經由一高頻 本紙張尺舰财 210X297^1 j 409203 A7 _- 一 B7 五、發明説明(7 ) 寬介面32(與微處理器3〇 一體)而直接耦合於sdram 31丨 至3 I4中,孩高頻寬介面32本質上係包括有如圖5iASic 2 0所提供的相同功能。 總括§之,本發明的匯流排架構是一個可使用標準的 SDRAM晶片實施的改良式高頻tRAM架構。在本發明中 ,指令匯流排係與資料匯流排分開,而〇接腳計數被減少 ,以致能平行的系統操作。正圖爲本發明的位址/指令匯流 排與資料I/O匯流排分開,因而,在整個封包完全載入以前 ,指π之執行可以啓始一記憶體存取,以減小存取的潛在 性。相反地’習知的高頻寬架構要求在開始記憶體存取之 前,指令封包要完全地載入,因此,本發明能提供高頻, 無接縫的多頁資料傳送,且其潛在性降低。 、 本發明雖然已由一單一較佳實施例描述,但習於本藝之 士將了解本發明可以在本發明的精神和範疇内修改實施, 所附之申請專利範圍包括落入.本發明的精神和範轉内的所 有的這類修改和變化。 , 11 — 冰衣I 1 訂 . - (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經漓部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印製 -10- 本紙张尺度適用中國囤家榡牟(CNS ) Λ4規格(2ΙΟΧ 297公漦)

Claims (1)

  1. 409203 Λ8 B8 C8 DS 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 六、申請專利範圍 1. 一種向性能、鬲密度的記憶體包括: 多個庫同步的動態隨機存取記憶體(SDRAM); 多個暫存器’該多個暫存器各被耦合於該多個庫Sdram 之一對應之一和一第一記憶體匯流排之間,資料係在該 多個暫存器中的每一個暫存器和該對應的SdraM之間 傳送; 一使該第一 i己憶體匯流排與一資料輸入/輸出(1/〇)匯 ·/充排輕合的多工器7以使得資料可以在一讀取操作期間, 經該多工器由暫存器傳送到該I / 0匯流排上; 一第一解多工器’用以使該I/C)匯流排耦合至該第一 記憶體匯流排使得資料可以在一寫入操作期間,該流第 一解多工器由I / 〇匯流棑傳送到暫存器中; 一第二解多工器,用以使一位址/指令匯流排與一第 二記憶體匯流排耦合,且該第二記憶體匯流排之寬度小 於第一記憶體匯流排之寬度,位址和指係經由此第二解 多工器而在一讀取或一寫入操作期間,由位址/指令匯 流排傳送到該第二記憶體匯流排上; 一位址控制器’與該第二記憶體匯流排連接,此位址 控制器接收和儲存來自該第二記憶體匯流排之位址;和 一指令控制器,與該第二記憶體匯流排連接,此指令 控制器接收和儲存來自該第二記憶體匯流排之指令,該 位址匯流排和指令匯流排係獨立地致動S DRAM以輸入 或輸出資料。 2_根據申請專利範園第1項之一種高性能、高密度的記憶 -11- —---------1------ir (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 半 曰 T ^ - 〆 釐 公 7 9 2
    409203 申請專利範圍 此’其中該位址控制器和指令控制器在接收和完全儲存 該位址和指令之前’先開始致動S D R A Μ。 3·根據申請專利範圍第1項之一種高性能、高密度的記憶 fa,其中該記憶體是一單一的積體電路晶片。 4.根據中請專利範圍第i項之一種高性能、高密度的記憶 貼,其中該多工器、第一解多工器、第二解多工器、位 址控制器和指令控制器係包括於一處理器中,和該 SDRAM爲與該處理器相當接近的SDRAM晶片。 5_根據申請專利範圍;4項之一種高性能、高密度的記憶 體’其中該多個暫存器係包括於該處理器中。 6·根據申請專利範圍第i項之一種高性能、高密度的記憶 體,尚其中該第二解多工器包括一致能,此致能啓始使 所收到的位址和指令控制資訊送至第二記憶體匯流排中。 7. —種高性能、高頻寬和記憶體系統,其中如申請專利範 圍第6項之一種高性能、高密度的記憶體,^ —記憶體 模組,該高性能高頻寬的記憶體系統包含多個獨立地以 該致能選擇的記憶體模组。 8. 根據申請專利範圍第7項之一種高性能、高密度的記憶 體系統’其中每-記憶體模組皆是高性能、高頻寬的記 憶體晶片。 9. 根據申請專利範圍第7項之一種高性能' 高密度的記憶 體系統,其中每一記憶體模组皆是高性能、高頻寬的記 憶體卡。 10. —種高性能、高頻寬的記憶體匯流徘架構,包括 -12· 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(21 Ox29?公慶) —^1 —---------β —— , - (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印裝 ABC0 409203 六、申請專利範圍 多個庫同步的動態隨機存取記憶體(SDRAM); 多個暫存器,各用於該多個庫SDRAM的其中之一, 用以接收自SDRAM讀出的資料,或是要被寫入 SDRAM内的資料, 一第一記憶體匯流排,與該多個暫存器連接,接收自 暫存器讀出的資料或是輸入暫存器的資料, 一第一多工器’與該輸入/輸出(1/0)匯流排連接,此 第一多工器使在第一記憶體匯流排上的資料多工向下至 預设數目的位元’並使這些位元時序化至該〗/ 〇匯流排 上’使得當資料正在第一記憶體匯流排上,於暫存器和 第一多工器之間傳送時,會有更多的資料以一先入先出 (FIFO)的方式自SDRAM讀至該暫存器中; 一解多工器,接收在一寫入操作期間來自丨/ 〇匯流排 和資料’並響應高速時序’將所收到的資料放置在具有 資料的第一記憶體匯流排上; 一第二記憶體匯流排,其寬度小於第一記憶體匯流排; 一第二解多工器,與該第二記憶體匯流排連接接收來 自一位址/指令匯流排的位址和指令控制資訊並使所收 到的位址和控制資訊送至第二記憶體匯流排上;和 一位址控制器和一指令控制器,與該第二記憶體匯流 排連接’開始位址和指令係儲存於該位址控制器和指令 控制器中’以維持適當的SDRAM握手交談,且一旦載 入’該位址控制器和指令控制器會獨立地致動S 〇 R A Μ 以輸入或輸出資料。 -13- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS )八4規格(2 ] 〇 x 297公缝) ---------士衣------il------' (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局負工消費合作社印策 六 409203 ABCD 申請專利範圍 α根據中請專利範圍第1G項之—種高性能、高密度的記憶 體匯流排架構,尚包括一致能,以致能該第二解多工器 ,此致能啓始使所收到的位址和指令控制資訊送至第二 記憶體區流排中。 12.根據申請專利範園第10項一種高性能、高密度的記憶體 匯流排架構,其中位址控.制器和指令控制器係在儲存該 位址和指令芫成之前先開始致動該S D R A Μ。 I If- - · i^i 1^1 I - I 4i^n. HI ' ______I I J*a (請先閱讀背面t注意事項再填寫本頁} 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印裝 -14 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4規格(210X297公嫠)
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