TW202323348A - 導電性硬化物 - Google Patents
導電性硬化物 Download PDFInfo
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- TW202323348A TW202323348A TW111133793A TW111133793A TW202323348A TW 202323348 A TW202323348 A TW 202323348A TW 111133793 A TW111133793 A TW 111133793A TW 111133793 A TW111133793 A TW 111133793A TW 202323348 A TW202323348 A TW 202323348A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J9/00—Adhesives characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced, e.g. glue sticks
- C09J9/02—Electrically-conducting adhesives
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Abstract
本發明課題為提供一種可在低溫下形成、導電性與黏接性優異、柔軟的硬化物;及使用其之電子器件。
解決手段為一種電子零件接合用的導電性硬化物,其特徵為:係導電性組成物的硬化物,前述硬化物包含具有胺基甲酸酯鍵的樹脂與導電性粒子,前述硬化物在25℃下的儲存彈性模數為50MPa以上1000MPa以下,且比電阻未達2.0×10
-4Ω・cm。
Description
本發明關於一種具有柔軟性的電子零件接合用的導電性硬化物及電子器件。
隨著電子器件的用途擴大,軟性混合電子(以下稱為FHE)的開發一直在進行。FHE中,是在形成於可撓性基材的配線上安裝將晶片或電容等的半導體零件。由於半導體零件堅硬而不會變形,因此對於半導體零件與配線的連接部而言,需要基材變形時仍可維持零件的連接、可順應變形、柔軟且低彈性的導電性黏接劑。
FHE中,就可撓性基材而言,會有使用聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)、聚萘二甲酸乙二酯(PEN)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚胺基甲酸酯(PU)等與現存的電子器件所使用的基材相比耐熱性較差的基材的情形。所以,將零件接合的導電性黏接劑也會需要因應基材的耐熱性而在低溫下黏接。
對此,專利文獻1揭示了以提供在室溫下的增黏受到抑制的導電性或黏接強度優異的導電性黏接劑為目的,將液狀環氧樹脂與液狀苯氧基樹脂和銀粉及/或鍍銀的金屬粉組合,並且定量添加潛在性產生戊二酸的化合物的技術。
另外,專利文獻2揭示了藉由將具有式:-R
1-O-(式中,R
1為碳數1~10之烴基)所表示的重複單元之主鏈並具有係水解性甲矽烷基之末端基的聚醚聚合物與銀粒子予以組合之具有良好的柔軟性與高導電性的導電性黏接劑的技術。
專利文獻3揭示了關於藉由將多元醇、封端異氰酸酯及長寬比為2以上的導電性填料組合,來讓硬化前的沾黏性優異,並將硬化後伸縮時的電阻變化維持得小的導電性組成物的技術。
專利文獻4揭示了藉由表面存在金屬氧化物及潤滑劑的導電性金屬與異氰酸酯成分在加熱硬化時發生反應,將至少一部分該金屬氧化物及潤滑劑由導電性金屬表面除去,以提高導電性組成物的導電率的技術。 [先行技術文獻] [專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]日本專利第5200662號公報 [專利文獻2]日本特開2018-48286號公報 [專利文獻3]日本特開2020-150236號公報 [專利文獻4]日本專利第4467439號公報
[發明所欲解決之問題]
像這樣,現在正需要可順應基材變形的柔軟導電性黏接劑。然而,如專利文獻1般,通常的電子器件所使用的導電性黏接劑,雖然黏接力或導電性優異,然而會有缺乏柔軟性的問題。另一方面,專利文獻2所記載的導電性黏接劑的雖然柔軟性或比電阻優異,然而會有硬化溫度高的問題。此外,以專利文獻3或專利文獻4所記載的封端異氰酸酯作為硬化劑的導電性黏接劑,雖然可低溫硬化且導電性優異,然而在其柔軟性或黏接性方面並沒有充分檢討。 [解決問題之方式]
本案發明人為了開發出柔軟且即使硬化溫度低仍導電性優異、變形時龜裂的發生或電阻變化小的電子零件接合用的導電性硬化物而潛心鑽研,結果發現,以包含具有胺基甲酸酯鍵的樹脂與導電性粒子作為特徵,並且藉由使硬化物在25℃下的儲存彈性模數為50MPa以上1000MPa以下,且比電阻未達2.0×10
-4Ω・cm,可得到可順應變形的柔軟性及導電性優異的硬化物,而完成了以下的發明。
亦即,本發明具有以下的構成。 [1]一種電子零件接合用的導電性硬化物,其特徵為:導電性組成物的硬化物,前述硬化物包含具有胺基甲酸酯鍵的樹脂與導電性粒子,前述硬化物在25℃下的儲存彈性模數為50MPa以上1000MPa以下,且比電阻未達2.0×10
-4Ω・cm。 [2]如[1]之電子零件接合用的導電性硬化物,其中,前述導電性硬化物的熱傳導率為5.0W/m・K以上。 [3]如[1]或[2]之電子零件接合用的導電性硬化物,其中,前述導電性粒子為銀。 [4]如[1]或[3]任一項之電子零件接合用的導電性硬化物,其中,前述導電性粒子的含量為前述導電性硬化物的總量的20體積%以上50體積%以下。 [5]如[1]至[4]任一項之電子零件接合用的導電性硬化物,其中,前述導電性硬化物更包含具有脲鍵的樹脂。 [6]如[5]之電子零件接合用的導電性硬化物,其中,導電性硬化物中之胺基甲酸酯鍵與脲鍵的IR峰面積比(胺基甲酸酯鍵/脲鍵)為7/3~1/9。 [7]一種電子器件,其係具有:具有配線的基板及電子零件,在電子零件與配線之間隔著如[1]至[6]中任一項之導電性硬化物。 [8]如[7]之電子器件,其中,前述基板為可伸縮及/或彎曲的基板。 [發明之效果]
依據本發明,導電性硬化物,其特徵為包含具有胺基甲酸酯鍵的樹脂與導電性粒子,前述導電性硬化物在25℃下的儲存彈性模數為50MPa以上1000MPa以下,且比電阻未達2.0×10
-4Ω・cm。藉由將在25℃下的儲存彈性模數定在上述範圍,使用於電子零件接合用時,前述導電性硬化物可順應變形,可抑制導電性硬化物的變形時的龜裂發生。另外,藉由將比電阻定在上述範圍,即使導電性硬化物重複變形時,仍可維持充分的導電性。
[導電性硬化物] 本實施形態所關連的導電性硬化物為導電性組成物的硬化物。另外,導電性硬化物(以下亦簡稱為硬化物)為包含至少具有胺基甲酸酯鍵的樹脂及導電性粒子之硬化物,以包含具有胺基甲酸酯鍵的黏結劑樹脂及導電性粒子的硬化物為佳。另外,前述硬化物以進一步含有具有脲鍵的樹脂為佳,以含有具有脲鍵的黏結劑樹脂為較佳。硬化物可含有具有胺基甲酸酯鍵的樹脂與具有脲鍵的樹脂,同一樹脂中亦可具有胺基甲酸酯鍵與脲鍵兩者。
本發明中的導電性組成物並未受到特別限定,例如以含有多元醇與異氰酸酯或封端異氰酸酯為佳。亦即,導電性硬化物可列舉多元醇與異氰酸酯的反應產物、多元醇與封端異氰酸酯的反應產物等。從硬化前導電性組成物的操作的觀點看來,以多元醇與封端異氰酸酯的反應產物為佳。導電性組成物進一步含有多胺亦為合適。藉由含有多胺,導電性硬化物可含有脲鍵(具有脲鍵的樹脂)。
就本發明中的多元醇而言,可列舉例如聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇、聚胺基甲酸酯多元醇、聚丁二烯多元醇、聚異戊二烯多元醇、聚己內酯多元醇、蓖麻油系多元醇等。這些可單獨使用一種或將兩種以上組合使用。
就前述聚醚多元醇而言,可列舉芳香族聚醚多元醇、芳香族/脂肪族共聚合聚醚多元醇、脂肪族聚醚多元醇、脂環族聚醚多元醇等。
就前述聚酯多元醇而言,可列舉芳香族聚酯多元醇、芳香族/脂肪族共聚合聚酯多元醇、脂肪族聚酯多元醇、脂環族聚酯多元醇等。其中,從柔軟性的觀點看來,以脂肪族聚酯多元醇為佳。脂肪族聚酯多元醇市售品的具體例子,可列舉例如ODX-2420、ODX-2692(DIC股份有限公司製)、可樂麗 Polyol P-510、P-1010、P-2050(可樂麗股份有限公司製)、NIPPOLAN 4009、164、141(東曹股份有限公司製)等。
就前述聚碳酸酯多元醇而言,可列舉芳香族聚碳酸酯多元醇、芳香族/脂肪族共聚合聚碳酸酯多元醇、脂肪族聚碳酸酯多元醇、脂環族聚碳酸酯多元醇等。
就前述聚胺基甲酸酯多元醇而言,可列舉芳香族聚胺基甲酸酯多元醇、芳香族/脂肪族共聚合聚胺基甲酸酯多元醇、脂肪族聚胺基甲酸酯多元醇、脂環族聚胺基甲酸酯多元醇等。
尤其從硬化性及導電性容易提升的觀點看來,以聚酯多元醇為佳。另外,將聚酯多元醇及聚酯多元醇以外的多元醇組合亦為適合。多元醇中,聚酯多元醇的比例,以60質量%以上為佳,較佳為80質量%以上,更佳為90質量%以上,特佳為95質量%以上,最佳為98質量%以上,另外,100質量%亦可。
多元醇的活性氫當量,從硬化物的柔軟性的觀點看來,以180g/eq以上為佳,220g/eq以上為較佳。另外,從硬化物的黏接性或導電性的觀點看來,以1200g/eq以下為佳,600g/eq以下為較佳。藉由定在上述範圍,硬化物的柔軟性、黏接性及導電性的平衡會更好。多元醇的活性氫當量的測定方法是依照實施例所記載的方法。
多元醇的羥基價並未受到特別限定,從讓導電性或黏接性更好的觀點看來,以50~300KOHmg/g為佳,100~250KOHmg/g為更佳。
多元醇的重量平均分子量並未受到特別限定,從讓導電性或黏接性更好的觀點看來,以400~2000g/mol為佳,450~1500g/mol為更佳。
除了多元醇成分之外,在不損害性能的範圍,更可包含具有一個羥基的化合物。就具有一個羥基的化合物而言,可列舉例如1-戊醇、辛醇、環己烷乙醇等的脂肪族飽和醇;10-十一烯-1-醇等的脂肪族不飽和醇;2-苯乙醇、苄醇等的芳香族醇;甚至其衍生物、改性體等。具有一個羥基的化合物的含量,相對於多元醇100質量份,10質量份以下為佳,較佳為5質量份以下,更佳為3質量份以下,亦可為0質量份。
在本發明中,藉由讓前述導電性硬化物進一步含有具有脲鍵的樹脂,硬化物的彈性模數會上昇,黏接性更加提升。本發明所使用的具有脲鍵的硬化物,可列舉多胺與異氰酸酯的反應產物、多胺與封端異氰酸酯的反應產物等。從硬化前的組成物的操作的觀點看來,含脲鍵的硬化物以多胺與封端異氰酸酯的反應產物為佳。
就多胺而言,可列舉例如鏈狀脂肪族多胺、環狀脂肪族多胺、及芳香環脂肪族多胺等的脂肪族多胺、脂環族多胺、芳香族多胺,甚至其衍生物、改性體。這些可單獨使用一種或將兩種以上組合使用。就前述衍生物而言,可列舉多胺的烷基衍生物等,就前述改性體而言,可列舉多胺的環氧加成物、曼尼赫反應產物、麥可反應產物、硫脲反應產物、聚合脂肪酸及/或羧酸反應產物的聚醯胺胺等。
前述脂肪族多胺是有至少一個胺基鍵結於碳數1以上的鏈狀脂肪族烴的化合物(但是,具有在芳香族環直接鍵結了胺基的構造的化合物除外),在前述鏈狀脂肪族烴亦可有脂肪族環或芳香族環鍵結。鏈狀脂肪族烴有胺基與脂肪族環鍵結的化合物特別稱為環狀脂肪族多胺,鏈狀脂肪族烴有胺基與芳香族環鍵結的化合物特別稱為芳香環脂肪族多胺。就脂肪族多胺具體而言,可列舉二乙三胺、三乙四胺、四乙五胺、降冰片烷二胺、間二甲苯二胺、異佛酮二胺等。
前述脂環族多胺為全部的胺基直接鍵結於脂肪族環的化合物,具體而言,可列舉環己二胺等。
前述芳香族多胺為有至少一個胺基直接鍵結於芳香環的化合物,具體而言,可列舉二乙基甲苯二胺、二甲硫基甲苯二胺、4,4’-亞甲基雙[N-(1-甲基丙基)苯胺]、胺基苄基胺等。
尤其從柔軟性容易提升的觀點看來,以脂肪族多胺或其改性體為佳。脂肪族多胺或其改性體市售品的具體例子,可列舉例如FUJICURE FXJ-8027-H、FXJ-859-C、FXD-821-F、TOHMIDE 280-C、TXE-524(T&K TOKA股份有限公司製)、JEFFAMINE D-400(巴工業股份有限公司製)、jERCURE FL11、SA1(三菱化學股份有限公司製)等。 另外,將脂肪族多胺或其改性體與脂肪族多胺或其改性體以外的多胺組合亦為適合。多胺之中,脂肪族多胺或其改性體的比例,以60質量%以上為佳,較佳為80質量%以上,更佳為90質量%以上,特佳為95質量%以上,最佳為98質量%以上,另外還可為100質量%。
多胺的活性氫當量,從兼顧柔軟性、黏接性及導電性的觀點看來,為80g/eq以上為佳,85g/eq以上為較佳。另外,從取得容易性及提升黏接性的觀點看來,以200g/eq以下為佳,190g/eq以下為較佳。多胺的活性氫當量以80~200g/eq為佳,85~190g/eq為較佳。多胺的活性氫當量的測定方法,是依照實施例所記載的方法。
多胺的胺價並未受到特別限定,以150~350KOHmg/g為佳,160~330KOHmg/g為更佳。若胺價在此範圍,則導電性組成物的黏度上昇會受到抑制,變得容易操作。
多胺的黏度並未受到特別限定,從較容易操作的觀點看來,以2000mPa・s以下為佳,800mPa・s以下為更佳。
導電性硬化物中的胺基甲酸酯鍵及脲鍵的IR峰面積比(胺基甲酸酯鍵/脲鍵),以7/3~1/9為佳,6/4~2/8為較佳。藉由使脲鍵的比率增加,可讓所得到的硬化物的黏接性或導電性良好,藉由使胺基甲酸酯鍵的比率增加,可讓所得到的硬化物的柔軟性良好,因此藉由將IR峰面積比(胺基甲酸酯鍵/脲鍵)定在上述範圍,硬化物的柔軟性、黏接性及導電性的平衡會變得更好。尤其在與異氰酸酯反應形成脲鍵的多胺的活性氫當量為180g/eq以下的情況,以提高形成胺基甲酸酯鍵的多元醇的比率為佳,導電性組成物中的混合比(多元醇/多胺),以活性氫當量比計,以4/6~7/3為佳,5/5~7/3為較佳。IR峰面積比(胺基甲酸酯鍵/脲鍵)之計算方法係依實施例所記載的方法。
用來形成本發明中的胺基甲酸酯鍵及脲鍵的多元醇及多胺的總含量並未受到特別限定,相對於導電性組成物總量,以1質量%以上50質量%以下為佳,2質量%以上30質量%以下為更佳,3質量%以上15質量%以下為最佳。藉由將多元醇及多胺的量定在此範圍,柔軟性與導電性的平衡會更好。
本發明之導電性組成物以含有異氰酸酯化合物或封端異氰酸酯化合物為佳。構成封端異氰酸酯化合物的異氰酸酯,以分子內具有多個異氰酸酯基的化合物(聚異氰酸酯)為佳。就前述聚異氰酸酯而言,可列舉六亞甲基二異氰酸酯(以下稱為HDI)、異佛酮二異氰酸酯(IPDI)等的脂肪族系聚異氰酸酯;二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(MDI)、甲苯二異氰酸酯(TDI)等的芳香族系聚異氰酸酯;這些聚異氰酸酯的異氰尿酸酯體、加成體、縮脲體等的改性體等,從讓柔軟性更好的觀點看來,以脂肪族系聚異氰酸酯或脂肪族系聚異氰酸酯的改性體為佳。 前述各異氰酸酯可為單體,以各異氰酸酯的多聚體或該多聚體的異氰尿酸酯體、加成體、縮脲體等的改性體為佳。 最佳的異氰酸酯為HDI的多聚體等的脂肪族系聚異氰酸酯的多聚體、或其改性體。
就構成上述封端異氰酸酯化合物的封端劑而言,可列舉酚系、肟系、醇系、內醯胺系、活性亞甲基系、及吡唑系封端劑等。尤其從可降低反應溫度的觀點看來,活性亞甲基系封端劑、吡唑系封端劑為佳。封端劑可包含單獨一種或可包含兩種以上。從硬化性及保存安定性的觀點看來,以包含活性亞甲基系及吡唑系封端劑兩者為佳。
就上述活性亞甲基系封端劑而言,可列舉例如丙二酸二甲酯、丙二酸二乙酯、丙二酸二丁酯、丙二酸2-乙基己基酯、丙二酸甲基丁基酯、丙二酸二乙基己酯、丙二酸二苯酯等的丙二酸二烷酯等。
就上述吡唑系封端劑而言,可列舉例如吡唑、3,5-二甲基吡唑、3-甲基吡唑、4-硝基-3,5-二甲基吡唑等。
上述封端異氰酸酯化合物的市售品,可列舉Duranate SBN-70D、SBB-70P、TPA-B80E(旭化成股份有限公司製)、Desmodur BL3272MPA、BL3475BA/SN、BL3575MPA/SN(Covestro製)、Trixene BI7960、BI7982、BI7991、BI7992(Baxenden製)等。
本發明中的多元醇及多胺所具有的全部活性氫基與封端異氰酸酯的異氰酸酯基之摻合比(NCO基/活性氫基)並未受到特別限定,以0.7以上未達2.0為佳,0.8以上1.5以下為更佳。若在此範圍,則可維持著硬化物的柔軟性並且表現出更好的黏接性。
本發明中的導電性組成物,在不損害性能的範圍,還可包含觸媒。觸媒並未受到特別限定,可列舉例如有機錫化合物、有機鉍金屬化合物、三級胺化合物等。觸媒的含量,相對於導電性組成物總量,以1.0質量%以下為佳,較佳為0.1質量%以下。
本發明所使用的導電性粒子並未受到特別限定,可列舉銀、銅、金、鉑、鈀、鋁、鎳、銦、鉍、鋅、鉛、錫、碳黑等。這些可單獨使用一種或將兩種以上組合使用。其中,從導電性的觀點看來,以使用銀粒子為佳。
導電性粒子的平均粒徑D50並未受到特別限定,平均粒徑D50以0.4μm以上15μm以下為佳。若D50在0.4μm以上,則硬化物的柔軟性提升,硬化物的彈性模數不會變得過高,變形時不易發生龜裂。因此,較佳為0.5μm以上,更佳為0.6μm以上。另外,若D50在15μm以下,則黏接力及導電性提升。因此,較佳為12μm以下,更佳為10μm以下。
本發明之導電性組成物可單獨包含一種具有單一平均粒徑D50的導電性粒子,或可包含兩種以上平均粒徑D50不同的導電性粒子。在單獨使用一種具有單一平均粒徑D50的導電性粒子的情況,其平均粒徑D50以未達4.9μm為佳,較佳為4.5μm以下。另外,從維持著柔軟性並且提升黏接力的觀點看來,以包含小粒徑與大粒徑兩種以上的粒子為佳。小粒徑導電性粒子的平均粒徑D50並未受到特別限定,以0.4μm以上為佳,較佳為0.5μm以上,更佳為0.6μm以上。另外,以2μm以下為佳,較佳為1.5μm以下,更佳為1.2μm以下。另一方面,大粒徑導電性粒子的平均粒徑D50並未受到特別限定,以5μm以上為佳,較佳為6μm以上,更佳為7μm以上。另外,15μm以下為佳,較佳為12μm以下,更佳為10μm以下。小粒徑與大粒徑的導電性粒子的摻合比(小粒徑/大粒徑的質量比)並未受到特別限定,以95/5~50/50為佳,90/10~70/30為更佳。藉由將小粒徑與大粒徑的導電性粒子的摻合比定在此範圍,可維持著導電性與黏接性,並且進一步得到柔軟的硬化物。
導電性粒子的形狀並未受到特別限定,可列舉鱗片狀(亦稱為碎片狀)、不定形凝集狀、球狀、塊狀等。導電性粒子的形狀可單獨包含一種或可包含兩種以上。尤其從防止加熱時黏度減少的觀點看來,以至少包含鱗片狀為佳。
另外,本發明中的平均粒徑D50,表示藉由雷射繞射法測得的粒徑的累積體積基準為50%時的粒徑。
本發明之導電性硬化物中的導電性粒子的總含量並未受到特別限定,而相對於導電性組成物或導電性硬化物總量,為20體積%以上,50體積%以下為佳,為25體積%以上,45體積%以下更佳。藉由將導電性粒子的量定在此範圍,柔軟性與導電性的平衡更好。
本發明之導電性組成物的F值為68質量%以上,以90質量%以下為佳,74質量%以上,88質量%以下為較佳,81質量%以上,86質量%以下為更佳。F值是代表填料質量%相對於導電性組成物中所含的總固體成分100質量%的數值,以F值=(填料質量%/固體成分質量%)×100來表示。此處所謂的固體質量%,包括溶劑以外的導電性粒子、其他填料,含多元醇或多胺的樹脂、其他硬化劑或添加劑的全部。若F值未達68質量%,則會有比電阻變高的傾向。另一方面,若大於90質量%,則會有柔軟性與黏接性降低的傾向。
本發明之導電性硬化物以使導電性組成物熱硬化得到為佳。熱硬化時的加熱溫度,例如可為80~150℃或可為100℃~130℃。加熱時間並未受到特別限定,以30分鐘~60分鐘左右為佳。加熱時的壓力以常壓為佳。
本發明中的導電性硬化物,進一步可摻合熱塑性樹脂、無機填料、導電助劑、顏料、染料、分散劑、消泡劑、整平劑、搖變性賦予劑、反應性稀釋劑、阻燃劑、抗氧化劑、紫外線吸收劑、抗水解劑、黏著性賦予劑、塑化劑等的賦予劑。賦予劑的摻合量,相對於導電性組成物總量,以10質量%以下為佳,較佳為3質量%以下,更佳為1質量%以下。
本發明中的導電性硬化物可兼顧柔軟性、黏接性、及導電性,因此適合作為電子零件接合用的導電性黏接劑(宜為軟性混合電子所使用的導電性黏接劑)來使用。亦即,適合作為含有導電性硬化物的電子零件接合用的黏接劑來使用。藉由將本發明中的導電性組成物塗佈或印刷在基材,並使其硬化,可代替焊料使用於電子零件的安裝。塗佈於基材上的步驟並未受到特別限定,可列舉例如網版印刷法、轉印法、點膠法、刮刀印刷等。另外,導電性硬化物,可使用於半導體元件晶片零件的接合或安裝、電路連接、石英諧振器或壓電元件的黏接或封裝的密封等。
本發明中的導電性硬化物,使用黏彈性測定裝置測得的25℃的儲存彈性模數為50MPa以上。宜為100MPa以上,較佳為150MPa以上。另外,為1000MPa以下,宜為900MPa以下,較佳為800MPa以下。藉由將儲存彈性模數定在上述範圍內,導電性硬化物的柔軟性良好,可順應基板的伸縮或彎折,電子零件與配線的連接部的剝離或龜裂的發生會受到抑制。導電性硬化物的儲存彈性模數的測定方法是依照實施例所記載的方法。
就導電性硬化物的樹脂成分而言,樹脂構造中的活性氫反應基之間的長度愈短,則硬化物的交聯點間距離愈短、彈性模數愈上昇。此外,在包含多胺的情況,藉由脲鍵,凝集力會上昇,且彈性模數會上昇。 就銀粒子而言,在同樣的含量下,包含許多小粒徑的銀粒子的情況,彈性模數較容易上昇,包含許多大粒徑的情況容易維持柔軟性。藉由其任意的組合,可將硬化物的彈性模數調整在上述範圍內。
本發明之導電性硬化物的比電阻未達2.0×10
-4Ω・cm。宜為1.5×10
-4Ω・cm以下,較佳為1.0×10
-4Ω・cm以下。藉由將比電阻定在上述範圍,則導電性硬化物的導電性良好。下限並未受到特別限定,工業上只要在1.6×10
-6Ω・cm以上即可,在5.0×10
-6Ω・cm以上也無妨。導電性硬化物的比電阻的測定方法是依照實施例所記載的方法。在導電性硬化物中只有大粒徑銀粒子的情況,尤其在低含量下,使硬化物變形時,銀粒子彼此的接點變得不易保持,比電阻會有容易惡化的傾向。
本發明之導電性硬化物的熱傳導率以5.0W/m・K以上為佳。較佳為6.5W/m・K以上,更佳為8.0W/m・K。上限並未受到特別限定,工業上只要在80W/m・K以下即可,在50W/m・K以下也無妨。藉由將熱傳導率定在上述範圍,導電性硬化物的熱傳導性會變好。熱傳導率的測定方法是依照實施例所記載的方法。
上述導電性硬化物,從黏接性的觀點看來,披著體使用無氧銅板時的剪切黏接力以2.0MPa以上為佳,2.5MPa以上為更佳。
本實施形態所關連的電子器件具有:具有配線的基板及電子零件,並且在電子零件與配線之間隔著上述導電性組成物的硬化物。藉此,形成於基板的配線與電子零件可物理連接及電連接。圖1為表示前述電子器件的一例的示意剖面圖,該電子器件,具備:基板10、形成於基板10表面的配線20及電子零件30,並且在前述配線20與電子零件30(較正確來說是形成於電子零件30的電極31)之間隔著導電性組成物的硬化物40。藉由該硬化物40,可將電子零件30與配線20電連接。
本實施形態所關連的電子器件中的基板,可為可伸縮及/或彎曲的基板。上述導電性組成物的硬化物具有柔軟性,因此可順應基板的伸縮或彎折,電子零件與配線的連接部的剝離或龜裂的發生會受到抑制。所以,本實施形態所關連的電子器件,即使可撓,也具有高連接可靠性。
本發明所使用的可伸縮及/或彎曲的基板並未受到特別限定,可列舉纖維構造體、樹脂薄膜、橡膠等。就纖維構造體而言,可列舉例如針織物、織物、不織布、紙等。就樹脂薄膜而言,可列舉例如聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二酯、聚胺基甲酸酯、聚醯亞胺、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚矽氧等。就橡膠而言,可列舉胺基甲酸酯橡膠、丙烯酸橡膠、聚矽氧橡膠、丁二烯橡膠、腈橡膠、氫化腈橡膠等的含腈基的橡膠、異戊二烯橡膠、硫化橡膠、苯乙烯丁二烯橡膠、丁基橡膠、乙烯丙烯橡膠等。 [實施例]
以下揭示實施例,更詳細且具體地說明本發明。另外,實施例中的操作、評估結果等是依照以下的方法來測定。
<IR峰面積比(胺基甲酸酯鍵/脲鍵)> 將導電性硬化物切成1mm見方,滴入濃硝酸,讓導電粒子溶解。然後,水洗、風乾後,將硬化物在KBr板上薄薄地展開,而得到評估用試樣。將試樣設置於紅外顯微鏡(Thermo Fisher Scientific股份有限公司製 Nicolet Continuμm),藉由顯微透過法,解析度4cm
-1、累計次數128次、偵測器使用MCT,測定IR光譜。IR峰面積比(胺基甲酸酯鍵/脲鍵)是藉由下述式來計算。 胺基甲酸酯鍵的IR峰面積比=10×(1565~1535cm
-1的峰面積)/{(1660~1630cm
-1的峰面積)+(1565~1535cm
-1的峰面積)} 脲鍵的IR峰面積比=10×(1660~1630cm
-1的峰面積)/{(1660~1630cm
-1的峰面積)+(1565~1535cm
-1的峰面積)} 1660~1630cm
-1的峰面積,是以1800cm
-1與1610~1590cm
-1的最小值連線作為基線來計算,1565~1535cm
-1的峰面積是以1610~1590cm
-1的最小值與1500~1480cm
-1的最小值的連線為基線來計算。
<活性氫當量比> 首先,如以下的方式測定多元醇的羥基價。使醋酸酐12.5g溶解於吡啶且體積定量為50mL,調製出乙醯化試藥。在100mL茄型燒瓶中,精秤樣品(多元醇)2.5~5.0g(將此質量定為e(g)),以移液吸管添加乙醯化試藥5mL與甲苯10mL後,安裝冷凝管,在100℃下攪拌加熱1小時。然後,以移液吸管添加蒸餾水2.5mL,進一步加熱攪拌10分鐘。冷卻2~3分鐘後,添加乙醇12.5mL,滴入2~3滴酚酞作為指示劑,然後以0.5mol/L乙醇性氫氧化鉀來滴定(將此滴定量定為a(mL))。另一方面,作為空測試,將乙醯化試藥5mL、甲苯10mL及蒸餾水2.5mL裝入100mL茄型燒瓶,加熱攪拌10分鐘之後,同樣地進行滴定(將該滴定量定為b(mL))。根據其結果,藉由下述式(i)計算出羥基價。此外,式(i)中,f為滴定液(0.5mol/L乙醇性氫氧化鉀)的係數。多元醇活性氫當量是根據所得到的多元醇的羥基價,藉由下述式(ii)求得。 多元醇的羥基價(mg-KOH/g) ={(b-a)×28.05×f}/e (i) 多元醇的活性氫當量(g/eq) =56.11/(羥基價×10
-3) (ii) 多胺的活性氫當量是由骨架構造藉由下述式(iii)來計算。 多胺的活性氫當量(g/eq) =多胺的分子量/具有活性氫的氮原子數 (iii)
<儲存彈性模數> 使用200μm間隙的塗佈機將導電性組成物塗佈在Teflon(註冊商標)薄膜上。以熱風乾燥機在130℃下加熱硬化60分鐘之後,冷卻至室溫。然後,將塗膜切成4mm×300mm,由Teflon膜剝離,而得到彈性模數的評估用測試片。將測試片設置於黏彈性測定裝置(IT計測制御公司製 DVA-200),以變形:0.1%、頻率:10Hz、昇溫速度:4℃/min、測定溫度範圍:-10℃至100℃的條件來讓裝置運作,求得25℃的儲存彈性模數。
<比電阻> 使用50μm間隙的塗佈機將導電性組成物塗佈於PET膜上。以熱風乾燥機在130℃下加熱硬化60分鐘之後,冷卻至室溫。然後,將塗膜切成10mm×35mm,得到比電阻的評估用測試片。以厚度規(TECLOCK公司製 SMD-565L)來測定測試片的膜厚,並使用Loresta-GP(三菱化學Analytech公司製 MCP-T610)來測定測試片的薄片電阻。分別對4片測試片作測定,使用其平均值來計算比電阻,求得導電率。
<電阻變化> 如圖3所示般,將安裝體連接至電源60,以20%的伸長率重複伸縮100次之後,LED晶片點亮的情況為○,沒有點亮的情況為×。
<龜裂發生的確認> 如圖3所示般,將安裝體與電源連接,以20%的伸長率重複伸縮100次之後,使用顯微鏡(Olympus股份有限公司、OLS4100)來觀察導電性硬化物40的部分。沒有觀察到龜裂發生的情況,視為沒有龜裂,觀察到龜裂的情況,視為有龜裂。
<熱傳導率> 使用200μm間隙的塗佈機將導電性組成物塗佈於Teflon(註冊商標)薄膜上。以熱風乾燥機在130℃下加熱硬化60分鐘之後,冷卻至室溫。然後,將塗膜切成10mm×10mm,由Teflon膜剝離,而得到熱傳導率的評估用測試片。測定25℃下的熱擴散率、比熱、密度,由下式計算出熱傳導率。 熱傳導率λ(W/mK)=α・Cp・d α:熱擴散率(m
2/s)、Cp:比熱(J/(kg・K))、d:密度(kg/m
3) 熱擴散率α是使用NETZSCH公司製的氙閃燈分析儀LFA467 Hyperflash並藉由氙閃燈法作測定。密度d是藉由阿基米德法來測定。另外,關於比熱Cp,是使用日立先端科技公司製DSC7020並藉由DSC法作測定。
實施例1~4、比較例1~3 <導電性硬化物的製造例> 依照表1的摻合比添加各種成分,預混合之後,以三輥磨機分散、糊化,而得到導電性組成物。接下來,使前述導電性組成物硬化,得到導電性硬化物。將所得到的導電性硬化物的評估結果揭示於表1。
<安裝體的製造例> 如圖2(a)~(c)所示般,準備在基材10(聚胺基甲酸酯膜(Sheedom股份有限公司 DUS-605CD、厚度:50μm))上形成了配線20(寬度2mm、長度10cm的銀配線)的可撓性基板。此外,在配線20的中央部設置2mm的間隙。在配線20間隙側兩端的晶片安裝部分塗佈導電性組成物,裝上尺寸3216的LED晶片32。接下來,在130℃下使導電性組成物硬化60分鐘,製成導電性硬化物40。藉此,得到評估用的安裝體。
<安裝體的評估方法> 如圖3所示般,將依照安裝體的製造例所製造出的安裝體的兩端以配線部電極33所附的測定夾具50夾住,連接至電源60。使測定夾具50以速度10mm/sec往兩端外側移動,使基板10伸長20%然後恢復初期長度,重複此動作100次。
[表1]
實施例1 | 實施例2 | 實施例3 | 實施例4 | 比較例1 | 比較例2 | 比較例3 | ||
組成(質量%) | 多元醇 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 5.7 | 2.3 | 4.5 | 2.6 | 6.6 |
多胺1 | 1.5 | 0.8 | ||||||
多胺2 | 2.3 | 4.1 | ||||||
多胺3 | 5.3 | |||||||
異氰酸酯 | 12.7 | 13.6 | 12 | 14.0 | 12.4 | 12.5 | 18.1 | |
導電性粒子1 | 73.3 | 39.8 | 61.1 | 39.8 | 79.6 | |||
導電性粒子2 | 39.8 | 20.4 | 39.8 | 75.3 | ||||
導電性粒子3 | 8.1 | |||||||
導電性粒子4 | 83.1 | |||||||
F值 | 84.6 | 83.0 | 84.5 | 83.1 | 86.3 | 82.7 | 79.6 | |
IR峰面積比 (胺基甲酸酯鍵/脲鍵) | 3/7 | 4/6 | 5/5 | 1/9 | 10/0 | 1/9 | 10/0 | |
NCO基/活性氫基 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 1.5 | |
評估 | 比電阻(Ω・cm) | 6.8×10 -5 | 9.9×10 -5 | 1.1×10 -4 | 9.1×10 -5 | 6.0×10 -5 | 1.7×10 -4 | 1.2×10 -3 |
儲存彈性模數(MPa) | 380 | 210 | 290 | 280 | 30 | 2800 | 20 | |
熱傳導率(W/m・K) | 10.6 | 8.3 | 9.1 | 8.7 | 6.5 | 12.1 | 4.3 | |
電阻變化 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | × | × | × | |
龜裂的發生 | 無 | 無 | 無 | 無 | 無 | 有 | 無 |
另外,表1中的各成分如以下所述。 多元醇:可樂麗股份有限公司 聚酯多元醇 P-510(活性氫當量:250g/eq,羥基價:224KOHmg/g,重量平均分子量:500g/mol) 多胺1:T&K TOKA股份有限公司 改性脂肪族胺 FXD-821-F(活性氫當量:85g/eq,胺價:300KOHmg/g,黏度:65mPa・s) 多胺2:T&K TOKA股份有限公司 改性脂肪族胺 FXJ-859-C(活性氫當量:190g/eq,胺價:170KOHmg/g,黏度:450mPa・s) 多胺3:HUNTSMAN公司 聚氧丙烯二胺 D400(活性氫當量:224g/eq,胺價:415KOHmg/g,黏度:27mPa・s) 異氰酸酯:Baxenden社 封端異氰酸酯 BI7992(NCO:當量456g/eq) 導電性粒子1:Metalor Technologies Japan股份有限公司 銀碎片 P791-24(D50:0.7μm) 導電性粒子2:Metalor Technologies Japan股份有限公司 塊狀銀 P318-41(D50:9.0μm) 導電性粒子3:Metalor Technologies Japan股份有限公司 塊狀銀 P853-11(D50:8.0μm) 導電性粒子4:Metalor Technologies Japan股份有限公司 塊狀銀 P853-12(D50:4.9μm)
實施例1~4包含具有胺基甲酸酯鍵的樹脂與導電性粒子,在25℃下的儲存彈性模數為50MPa以上1000MPa以下,且比電阻未達2.0×10
-4Ω・cm,因此即使讓安裝體重複伸縮,也沒有發生龜裂或電阻值大幅上昇,可保持將LED點亮的狀態。
比較例1的儲存彈性模數未達50MPa,因此並未發生龜裂,然而伸縮時電阻值上昇,LED熄滅。比較例2的儲存彈性模數大於1000MPa,因此發生龜裂,安裝的LED晶片剝離。比較例3初期的導電率大於2.0×10
-4Ω・cm,因此並未發生龜裂,然而電阻值上昇,LED熄滅。 [產業上的可利用性]
如以上所示般,本發明之導電性硬化物能夠以低溫形成導電性與黏接性優異的柔軟硬化物,尤其非常適合作為形成於可撓性基材上的配線與電子零件的接合材料。
10:基材
20:配線
30:電子零件
31:電極
32:LED晶片
33:配線部電極
40:導電性硬化物
50:測定夾具
60:電源
圖1為表示使用了本發明之導電性硬化物的電子器件的剖面的示意圖。 圖2為表示使用了本發明之導電性硬化物的安裝體的製作程序之圖。圖2(a)為在基材10形成配線20之圖,圖2(b)為在配線20的間隙側的兩端塗佈導電性組成物之圖,圖2(c)為在導電性組成物裝上LED晶片,並使導電性組成物硬化之圖。 圖3為使用了本發明之導電性硬化物的安裝體的拉伸測試裝置的剖面圖。
Claims (8)
- 一種電子零件接合用的導電性硬化物,其特徵為: 係導電性組成物的硬化物,該硬化物包含具有胺基甲酸酯鍵的樹脂與導電性粒子,該硬化物在25℃下的儲存彈性模數為50MPa以上1000MPa以下,且比電阻未達2.0×10 -4Ω・cm。
- 如請求項1之電子零件接合用的導電性硬化物,其中,該導電性硬化物的熱傳導率為5.0W/m・K以上。
- 如請求項1或2之電子零件接合用的導電性硬化物,其中,該導電性粒子為銀。
- 如請求項1或2之電子零件接合用的導電性硬化物,其中,該導電性粒子的含量為該導電性硬化物的總量的20體積%以上50體積%以下。
- 如請求項1或2之電子零件接合用的導電性硬化物,其中,該導電性硬化物更包含具有脲鍵的樹脂。
- 如請求項5之電子零件接合用的導電性硬化物,其中,該導電性硬化物中之胺基甲酸酯鍵與脲鍵的IR峰面積比(胺基甲酸酯鍵/脲鍵)為7/3~1/9。
- 一種電子器件,具有具有配線的基板及電子零件,在電子零件與配線之間隔著如請求項1或2之導電性硬化物。
- 如請求項7之電子器件,其中,該基板為可伸縮及/或彎曲的基板。
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JPS5756428Y2 (zh) | 1975-06-20 | 1982-12-04 | ||
JPH07286148A (ja) * | 1994-04-18 | 1995-10-31 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | 電子材料用導電性接着剤 |
AU2003276905A1 (en) | 2003-03-18 | 2004-10-11 | Dow Corning Corporation | A conductive composition and method of using the same |
JP4806944B2 (ja) * | 2004-03-19 | 2011-11-02 | 東洋インキScホールディングス株式会社 | 接着剤組成物、それを用いた接着剤シート、および補強材付きフレキシブルプリント配線板 |
JP5200662B2 (ja) | 2008-05-27 | 2013-06-05 | 藤倉化成株式会社 | 導電性接着剤および電子部品 |
JP6870258B2 (ja) | 2016-09-23 | 2021-05-12 | 日亜化学工業株式会社 | 導電性接着剤および導電性材料 |
KR20210084497A (ko) * | 2018-10-29 | 2021-07-07 | 나믹스 가부시끼가이샤 | 도전성 수지 조성물, 도전성 접착제, 및 반도체 장치 |
JP7378029B2 (ja) | 2019-03-15 | 2023-11-13 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 電子機器 |
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