TW202315176A - 無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物、及壓電元件 - Google Patents
無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物、及壓電元件 Download PDFInfo
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- TW202315176A TW202315176A TW111131450A TW111131450A TW202315176A TW 202315176 A TW202315176 A TW 202315176A TW 111131450 A TW111131450 A TW 111131450A TW 111131450 A TW111131450 A TW 111131450A TW 202315176 A TW202315176 A TW 202315176A
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- lead
- piezoelectric
- piezoelectric ceramic
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- alkali
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 36
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 14
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009694 cold isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000037584 hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052451 lead zirconate titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一種無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物,包含含有鈮酸鹼金屬系鈣鈦礦型氧化物的主相,該鈮酸鹼金屬系鈣鈦礦型氧化物以組成式(A1
aM1
b)
c(Nb
d1,Mn
d2,M2
d3)O
3+e(其中,元素A1為鹼金屬中的至少一種,元素M1為Ba、Ca、Sr中的至少一種,元素M2為Ti、Zr中的至少一種,0<a<1、0<b<1、a+b=1,c滿足0.80<c<1.10,0<d1<1、0<d2<1、0<d3<1、d1+d2+d3=1,e係表示氧的欠缺或過剩的值)表示,且滿足b/(d2+d3)>1.0。
Description
由本說明書所揭露的技術係關於無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物、及壓電元件。
目前,作為顯示壓電性的陶瓷,一直廣泛利用PZT(鋯鈦酸鉛)。但是,由於PZT係成分包含鉛,因此有造成環境負擔的問題受到關注,近年來,正在推進無鉛壓電陶瓷素材的開發。作為無鉛壓電陶瓷素材的有力候選者之一,有以鈮酸鹼金屬系鈣鈦礦型氧化物為主相的無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物。
為了將這樣的無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物應用於壓電濾波器、壓電振動件、壓電變壓器、壓電超音波馬達、壓電陀螺儀感測器、爆震感測器(knock sensor)等,而要求機械品質因子(mechanical quality factor)Qm高。已知可藉由將錳(Mn)添加於鈮酸鹼金屬系鈣鈦礦型氧化物,來得到機械品質因子Qm高的無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物(參照專利文獻1)。
[先前技術文獻]
[專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]日本專利第4929522號公報
[發明欲解決之課題]
有如下的期盼:想將上述的無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物應用於例如螺栓鎖固的朗之萬型超音波振動件(bolt fastening Langevin type ultrasonic vibrator)之類的要求高機械品質因子Qm的壓電元件,而要求進一步改善無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物的特性。
[用以解決課題之手段]
由本說明書所揭露的無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物,包含含有鈮酸鹼金屬系鈣鈦礦型氧化物的主相,該鈮酸鹼金屬系鈣鈦礦型氧化物以組成式(A1
aM1
b)
c(Nb
d1,Mn
d2,M2
d3)O
3+e(其中,元素A1為鹼金屬中的至少一種,元素M1為Ba、Ca、Sr中的至少一種,元素M2為Ti、Zr中的至少一種,0<a<1、0<b<1、a+b=1,c滿足0.80<c<1.10,0<d1<1、0<d2<1、0<d3<1、d1+d2+d3=1,e係表示氧的欠缺或過剩的值)表示,並滿足b/(d2+d3)>1.0。
此外,由本說明書所揭露的壓電元件,具備:包含上述的無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物的壓電體、和與前述壓電體相接的電極。
[發明之效果]
若根據由本說明書所揭露的無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物、及壓電元件的話,便能夠實現高機械品質因子Qm。
[用以實施發明的形態]
[實施形態的概要]
(1)由本說明書所揭露的無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物,包含含有鈮酸鹼金屬系鈣鈦礦型氧化物的主相,該鈮酸鹼金屬系鈣鈦礦型氧化物以組成式(A1
aM1
b)
c(Nb
d1,Mn
d2,M2
d3)O
3+e(其中,元素A1為鹼金屬中的至少一種,元素M1為Ba、Ca、Sr中的至少一種,元素M2為Ti、Zr中的至少一種,0<a<1、0<b<1、a+b=1,c滿足0.80<c<1.10,0<d1<1、0<d2<1、0<d3<1、d1+d2+d3=1,e係表示氧的欠缺或過剩的值)表示,且滿足b/(d2+d3)>1.0。
此外,由本說明書所揭露的壓電元件,具備:由上述的無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物製成的壓電體、和與前述壓電體相接的電極。
一般認為在鈮酸鹼金屬系鈣鈦礦型氧化物中,Mn作為受體固溶在Nb的位置上,從而機械品質因子Qm提高。但是,Mn很難對鈮酸鹼金屬系鈣鈦礦型氧化物進行固溶,而容易在無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物中偏析為異相。另一方面,推測如下:若價數比鹼金屬接近Mn的二價元素的Ba、Ca、Sr固溶在鹼金屬位置上,便有助於Mn固溶在Nb的位置上。考量以成為b/(d2+d3)>1.0方式調整Mn和Ba、Ca、Sr的組成比,從而適量的Mn固溶在Nb的位置上,機械品質因子Qm提高。
(2)上述(1)的無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物,可以包含含有以組成式A2
1-xTi
1-xNb
1+xO
5(其中,元素A2為鹼金屬中的至少一種,滿足0≦x≦0.15)所表示的氧化物、及以組成式A3Ti
3NbO
9(其中,元素A3為鹼金屬中的至少一種)所表示的氧化物中的一氧化物的副相。
若根據這樣的構成的話,則與無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物不具有副相的情況相比,能夠使壓電特性提高。
(3)在上述(1)的無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物中,前述主相中所含的前述鈮酸鹼金屬系鈣鈦礦型氧化物的結晶粒子的平均粒徑可以是0.3μm以上3.5μm以下。
或者是,在上述(1)的無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物中,前述主相中所含的前述鈮酸鹼金屬系鈣鈦礦型氧化物的結晶粒子的平均粒徑可以是0.3μm以上1.1μm以下。
若根據這樣的構成的話,則機械品質因子Qm進一步提高。
[實施形態的細節]
以下,一邊參照圖式,一邊說明由本說明書所揭露的技術的具體例。又,本發明不限於這些例示而是依申請專利範圍所示,意在包含與申請專利範圍均等的意思及範圍內的全部變更。
<實施形態>
[無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物的構成]
本實施形態的無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物包含含有具有壓電特性的鈮酸鹼金屬系鈣鈦礦型氧化物的主相。本實施形態的鈮酸鹼金屬系鈣鈦礦型氧化物係以下列的組成式(1)表示。
(A1
aM1
b)
c(Nb
d1,Mn
d2,M2
d3)O
3+e…(1)
元素A1為鹼金屬中的至少一種。元素M1為鹼土金屬的Ca(鈣)、Sr(鍶)、Ba(鋇)中的至少一種。元素M2為Ti(鈦)、Zr(鋯)中的至少一種。
在上述組成式(1)中,元素A1和元素M1係配置在鈣鈦礦構造的A位置(鹼金屬位置(alkali site))上,Nb(鈮)、Mn(錳)和元素M2係配置在B位置上。
作為上述組成式(1)中的係數a~e的值,在鈣鈦礦構造成立的值的組合中,可在無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物的電特性或壓電特性(特別是壓電常數d
33)的觀點上選擇較佳的值。
具體而言,係數a、b滿足0<a<1、0<b<1、a+b=1,不包括a=0(即,不含鹼金屬中的任一者的組成物)、b=0(即,不含Ca、Sr、Ba中的任一者的組成物)。
對整體A位置的係數c滿足0.80<c<1.10,較佳為0.84≦c≦1.08,更佳為0.88≦c≦1.07。
係數d1、d2、d3滿足0<d1<1、0<d2<1、0<d3<1、d1+d2+d3=1。不包括d1=0(不含Nb的組成物)、d2=0(不含Mn的組成物)、d3=0(不含Ti、Zr中的任一者的組成物)。
氧的係數3+e中,係數e係相對於通常為3的氧的係數,表示氧的欠缺或過剩的正或負的值。氧的係數(3+e)可採取構成主相為鈣鈦礦氧化物的值。係數e的典型值為e=0,較佳為0≦e≦0.1。又,係數e的值能夠由主相的組成的電中性條件算出。但是,作為主相的組成,也能夠容許稍微超出電中性條件的組成。
係數b、d2、d3滿足b/(d2+d3)>1.0。若係數b、d2、d3採取此範圍的值的話,便可得到機械品質因子Qm高的無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物。其理由係推測如下。
一般認為Mn作為受體固溶在Nb的位置上,從而機械品質因子Qm提高。但是,Mn很難對鈮酸鹼金屬系鈣鈦礦型氧化物進行固溶,而容易在無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物中偏析為異相。考量進行固溶的難易度係取決於固溶的金屬原子的離子半徑、價數,而認為三價的Mn很難固溶在主要配置有五價的Nb的B位置上。另一方面,二價元素的Ba、Ca、Sr容易固溶在配置有一價的鹼金屬的A位置上。於是,推測如下:價數接近Mn的Ba、Ca、Sr適量固溶在A位置上,係有助於Mn固溶在B位置上。考量以成為b/(d2+d3)>1.0方式調整Mn和Ba、Ca、Sr的組成比,從而適量的Mn固溶在B位置上,機械品質因子Qm提高。
關於b/(d2+d3)的上限值,沒有特別的限定,較佳為b/(d2+d3)≦2.0。
以上述組成式(1)所表示的鈮酸鹼金屬系鈣鈦礦型氧化物,較佳為包含K(鉀)、Na(鈉)、Li(鋰)中的至少一種作為元素A1。上述氧化物,包含K、Na、Li中的至少一種作為元素A1,包含Ca、Sr、Ba中的至少一種作為元素M1,包含Ti、Zr中的至少一種作為元素M2時,組成式(1)能夠改寫成下述組成式(1a)。
(K
a1Na
a2Lia3Cab1、Sr
b2、Ba
b3)
c(Nb
d1,Mn
d2, Ti
d31、Zr
d32)O
3+e...(1a)
上述組成式(1)和(1a)是等價的,a1+a2+a3=a,b1+b2+b3=b,d31+d32=d。K和Na的係數a1、a2,典型而言,為0<a1≦0.6、0<a2≦0.6。Li的係數a3可以是零,較佳為0<c≦0.2,更佳為0<c≦0.1。
以上述組成式(1a)所表示的鈮酸鹼金屬系鈣鈦礦型氧化物中,以K、Na、及Nb為主要金屬成分的氧化物被稱為「KNN」或「KNN材」。藉由使用此氧化物,能夠得到壓電特性、電特性、絕緣性、和高溫耐久性優異,此外,在-50℃~+150℃之間沒有急遽的特性變動的無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物。主相的典型組成係(K,Na,Li,Ca,Ba)
c(Nb,Mn,Ti,Zr)O
3+e。
本實施形態的無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物可以包含含有以下的組成式(2)所表示的氧化物、或以下的組成式(3)所表示的氧化物中的一氧化物的副相。
A2
1-xTi
1-xNb
1+xO
5…(2)
A3Ti
3NbO
9…(3)
在組成式(2)中,元素A2為鹼金屬中的至少一種,較佳為K、Rb(銣)、Cs(銫)中的至少一種。係數x滿足0≦x≦0.15。若係數x採取此範圍的值的話,則副相的構造穩定,能夠得到均勻的結晶相。從副相的構造穩定性的觀點來看,係數x,在元素A2為K或Rb的情況下較佳為滿足0≦x≦0.15,在元素A2為Cs的情況下較佳為滿足0≦x≦0.10。
在組成式(3)中,元素A3為鹼金屬中的至少一種,較佳為K、Rb、Cs中的至少一種。
雖然副相並未具有壓電特性,但藉由與主相混合在一起,能使燒結性提高,除此之外,也使絕緣性提高。此外,被認為也有助於起到使相轉移點不會發生在-50℃至+150℃之間的作用。副相為層狀構造化合物(或層狀化合物),為層狀構造化合物這一點,被推定為有助於提高壓電陶瓷組成物的絕緣性、及起到使相轉移點不會發生的作用。
副相的含有比例可以超過0莫耳%且小於20莫耳%,較佳為2莫耳%以上15莫耳%以下,更佳為2莫耳%以上10莫耳%以下。
以組成式(2)或(3)所表示的氧化物中,以Nb、Ti及K為主要金屬成分的氧化物被稱為「NTN材」。藉由使用此氧化物,能夠得到便宜且壓電特性優異的無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物。
[壓電元件10]
本實施形態的壓電元件10具備壓電體11、和與壓電體11相接的電極12、13。壓電體11係由上述的無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物構成,作成圓板狀。電極12、13中的一者係配置在壓電體11的一面,另一者係配置在壓電體11的另一面,成為壓電體11被包夾在電極12、13之間的狀態。
以下,顯示上述的壓電元件10的製造方法的一例。
首先,從主相的原料粉末中選擇所需者,以成為作為目標的組成的方式秤量。原料粉末可以是主相所含的各元素的氧化物、碳酸鹽、氫氧化物。向這些原料粉末加入乙醇,較佳為以球磨機進行濕式混合15小時以上而得到漿料。將所得到的漿料乾燥所得到的混合粉末,例如在大氣環境下於600~1000℃進行煆燒1~10小時而得到主相煆燒物。
此外,從副相的原料粉末中選擇所需者,以成為作為目標的組成的方式秤量。原料粉末可以是副相所含的各元素的氧化物、碳酸鹽、氫氧化物。然後,向這些原料粉末加入乙醇,較佳為以球磨機進行濕式混合15小時以上而得到漿料。將所得到的漿料乾燥所得到的混合粉末,例如在大氣環境下於600~1000℃進行煆燒1~10小時而得到副相煆燒物。
接著,分別秤量主相煆燒物和副相煆燒物,以球磨機,加入分散劑、黏合劑及乙醇並進行粉碎‧混合而作成漿料。此外,可以根據需要,秤量主相或副相的原料粉末中、未在得到上述的主相煆燒物及副相煆燒物的步驟中被選上的原料粉末,添加於漿料。又,可以將此漿料再次進行煆燒並進行粉碎、混合。將所得到的漿料乾燥並進行造粒,例如在壓力20MPa下進行單軸壓製(uniaxial press),從而成形為所要的形狀。對所得到的成形體,例如在壓力150MPa下進行CIP處理(冷均壓成形處理)。將所得到的CIP壓製體,例如在大氣環境下於900~1300℃保持1~10小時進行燒成,從而得到壓電體。此燒成也可以在氧氣環境下進行。
在所得到的壓電體的表面,藉由例如濺鍍法形成電極,進行極化處理而得到壓電元件。
又,上述的製造方法係一個例子,可以利用供製造壓電元件用的其他各種步驟、處理條件。例如,可以以根據最終的無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物的組成的量比混合原料並進行燒成,來取代在預先個別生成主相和副相的煆燒物後將兩者的粉末混合並進行燒成。但是,若利用在預先個別生成主相和副相的煆燒物後加以混合的方法的話,便容易更加嚴密地管理主相和副相的組成,因此可以提高無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物的良率。
本實施形態的無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物及壓電元件,可以廣泛用於振動偵測用途、壓力偵測用途、振盪用途、及壓電裝置用途等。例如,能夠利用於偵測各種振動的感測器類(爆震感測器及燃燒壓感測器等)、振動件、致動器、濾波器等的壓電裝置、高電壓產生裝置、微電源、各種驅動裝置、位置控制裝置、振動抑制裝置、流體吐出裝置(塗料吐出及燃料吐出等)等。此外,本實施形態的無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物及壓電元件特別適合要求優異的熱耐久性的用途(例如,爆震感測器及燃燒壓感測器等)。
<試驗例>
1.試料的作成
(1)第1煆燒步驟
以下述組成式(4)的係數f、g、h成為表1所示的比率的方式,分別秤量K
2CO
3粉末、Na
2CO
3粉末、Li
2CO
3粉末、Nb
2O
5粉末。
(K
fNa
gLi
h)NbO
3…(4)
[表1]
試料No. | f | g | h |
1 | 0.47 | 0.51 | 0.02 |
2 | 0.47 | 0.51 | 0.02 |
3 | 0.47 | 0.51 | 0.02 |
4 | 0.47 | 0.51 | 0.02 |
5 | 0.48 | 0.52 | 0.00 |
6 | 0.47 | 0.51 | 0.02 |
7 | 0.47 | 0.51 | 0.02 |
8 | 0.47 | 0.51 | 0.02 |
9 | 0.47 | 0.51 | 0.02 |
10 | 0.47 | 0.51 | 0.02 |
11 | 0.47 | 0.51 | 0.02 |
12 | 0.47 | 0.51 | 0.02 |
13 | 0.47 | 0.51 | 0.02 |
14 | 0.10 | 0.88 | 0.02 |
向這些原料粉末加入乙醇,以球磨機進行濕式混合15小時以上而得到漿料。將所得到的漿料乾燥所得到的混合粉末,在大氣環境下於600~1000℃進行煆燒1~10小時而得到第1煆燒粉。
(2)第2煆燒步驟
從CaCO
3粉末、SrCO
3粉末、BaCO
3粉末、MnO
2粉末、TiO
2粉末、ZrO
2粉末中選擇所需者,以各粉末中的金屬原子對第1煆燒粉(以上述組成式(4)所表示的氧化物)的莫耳百分率成為表2所示的值的方式秤量,添加於第1煆燒粉。
[表2]
試料No. | M1成分 | M2成分 | Mn | |||
Ba | Ca | Sr | Zr | Ti | ||
添加量 mol% | 添加量 mol% | 添加量 mol% | 添加量 mol% | 添加量 mol% | 添加量 mol% | |
1 | 2.5 | 3 | - | 2.5 | 2 | 1 |
2 | 2.5 | 3 | - | 2.5 | 2 | 3 |
3 | 2.5 | 3 | - | 2.5 | 2 | 5 |
4 | 3.5 | 3 | - | 2.5 | 2 | 1 |
5 | 3.5 | 3 | - | 2.5 | 2 | 1 |
6 | 8.5 | 3 | - | 2.5 | 2 | 5 |
7 | - | 6.5 | - | 2.5 | 2 | 1 |
8 | 3.5 | - | 3 | 2.5 | 2 | 1 |
9 | 1 | 3 | - | 0 | 2 | 1 |
10 | 2.5 | 3 | - | 1.5 | 2 | 1 |
11 | 5 | 3 | - | 4 | 2 | 1 |
12 | 3.5 | 3 | - | 2.5 | 0.5 | 1 |
13 | 4.5 | 3 | - | 2.5 | 3 | 1 |
14 | 3.5 | 3 | - | 2.5 | 2 | 1 |
向這些原料粉末和第1煆燒粉的混合物加入乙醇,以球磨機進行濕式混合15小時以上而得到漿料。將所得到的漿料乾燥所得到的混合粉末,在大氣環境下於600~1000℃進行煆燒1~10小時而得到第2煆燒粉。
(3)成形步驟
向所得到的第2煆燒粉加入分散劑、黏合劑及乙醇並進行粉碎‧混合而作成漿料。將所得到的漿料乾燥並進行造粒,在壓力20MPa下進行單軸壓製,成形為圓板狀後,在壓力150MPa下進行CIP處理(冷均壓成形處理)而得到成形體。
(4)正式燒成步驟
將所得到的成形體,在大氣環境下於1000~1300℃保持1~10小時進行燒成,從而得到壓電體。此壓電體,係由包含以上述組成式(1a)所表示的鈮酸鹼金屬系鈣鈦礦型氧化物的無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物構成。
(5)電極形成步驟
在所得到的壓電體的表背兩面,藉由濺鍍法形成包含Au的電極。將形成電極後的壓電體,於50℃的矽酮油中施加5kv/mm的電解以進行極化處理,得到試料No.1~14。
2.試驗方法
針對所得到的試料,使用阻抗分析儀(Keysight Technologies公司製,E4990A)進行測定,由室溫、1kHz下的靜電容量的值算出比介電率ε
33 T/ε
0。此外,藉由共振-反共振法求出機械品質因子Qm。將機械品質因子Qm的值為500以上者判斷為良品。
3.結果
針對各試料,將在上述1.(2)對第1煆燒粉所添加的原料粉末中的Ba原子、Ca原子、Sr原子的莫耳百分率的合計設為P
M1,將Ti原子、Zr原子的莫耳百分率的合計設為P
M2,將Mn原子的莫耳百分率設為P
Mn,求出P
M1/(P
M2+P
Mn)的值。將求出的值,與比介電率ε
33 T/ε
0及機械品質因子Qm的值一起顯示於表3。
[表3]
試料No. | P M1/(P M2+P Mn) | 比介電率 | 機械品質因子 Qm |
1 | 1.0 | 1050 | 250 |
2 | 0.7 | 965 | 467 |
3 | 0.6 | 908 | 450 |
4 | 1.2 | 1094 | 530 |
5 | 1.2 | 1080 | 545 |
6 | 1.2 | 1263 | 613 |
7 | 1.2 | 1183 | 523 |
8 | 1.2 | 1300 | 518 |
9 | 1.3 | 963 | 521 |
10 | 1.2 | 1228 | 530 |
11 | 1.1 | 1350 | 505 |
12 | 1.6 | 1060 | 511 |
13 | 1.2 | 1123 | 514 |
14 | 1.2 | 728 | 553 |
此處,理論上,原料粉末中的Ba原子、Ca原子及Sr原子係全部進入所得到的鈮酸鹼金屬系鈣鈦礦型氧化物的A位置。此外,Mn原子、Ti原子及Zr原子係全部進入所得到的鈮酸鹼金屬系鈣鈦礦型氧化物的B位置。由此,可以認為:Ba原子、Ca原子、Sr原子、Mn原子、Ti原子及Zr原子的莫耳百分率,係分別對應於上述組成式(1a)中的Ba、Ca、Sr、Ti、Zr的係數b1、b2、b3、d2、d31、d32。於是,可以認為:Ba原子、Ca原子、 Sr原子的莫耳百分率的合計P
M1,係對應於上述組成式(1a)中的 Ba、Ca、Sr的係數b1、b2、b3的合計值(組成式(1)中的係數b的值),可以認為:Ti原子、Zr原子的莫耳百分率的合計P
M2,係對應於上述組成式(1a)中的Ti、Zr的係數d31、d32的合計值(組成式(1)中的係數d3的值)。由以上內容,可以認為:莫耳百分率的關係式P
M1/(P
M2+P
Mn)係與組成式(1)中的係數b、d2、及d3的關係式b/(d2+d3)等價。
P
M1(P
M2+P
Mn)的值(即,b/(d2+d3)的值)為1.0以下的試料No.1~3係機械品質因子Qm小於500。相對於此,P
M1(P
M2+P
Mn)的值(即,b/(d2+d3)的值)超過1.0的試料No.4~14係機械品質因子Qm為500以上,壓電特性優異。
<調查結晶粒子的平均粒徑和機械品質因子Qm的關係的追加試驗例>
1.試料的製作及試驗方法
除了在第1煆燒步驟中,以下述組成式(4)的係數f、g、h成為表4所示的比率的方式,秤量各原料粉末,在第2煆燒步驟中,以添加於第1煆燒粉的原料粉末中的金屬原子的莫耳百分率成為表4所示的比率的方式秤量外,與上述試驗例同樣地操作而作成試料,得到試料No.15~22。
[表4]
試料No. | f | g | h | M1成分 | M2成分 | Mn | P M1/(P M2+P Mn) | ||
Ba | Ca | Zr | Ti | ||||||
添加量 mol% | 添加量 mol% | 添加量 mol% | 添加量 mol% | 添加量 mol% | |||||
1 | 0.47 | 0.51 | 0.02 | 2.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 2 | 1 | 1.0 |
4 | 0.47 | 0.51 | 0.02 | 3.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 2 | 1 | 1.2 |
15 | 0.47 | 0.51 | 0.02 | 3.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 2 | 1 | 1.2 |
16 | 0.47 | 0.51 | 0.02 | 3.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 2 | 1 | 1.2 |
17 | 0.48 | 0.52 | 0.00 | 3.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 2 | 1 | 1.2 |
18 | 0.47 | 0.51 | 0.02 | 3.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 2 | 1 | 1.2 |
19 | 0.47 | 0.51 | 0.02 | 3.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 2 | 1 | 1.2 |
20 | 0.47 | 0.51 | 0.02 | 3.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 2 | 1 | 1.2 |
21 | 0.47 | 0.51 | 0.02 | 2.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 2 | 1 | 1.0 |
22 | 0.47 | 0.51 | 0.02 | 2.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 2 | 1 | 1.0 |
針對所得到的試料No.15~22、及上述試驗例的試料No.1、4,使用SEM以10000倍進行拍攝。針對所得到的影像,使用影像處理軟體imageJ進行影像處理,將影像(10μm×10μm)中所含的結晶粒子的粒徑的平均值設為平均粒徑。此外,以與上述試驗例同樣的方法,求出比介電率ε
33 T/ε
0和機械品質因子Qm。將機械品質因子Qm的值為500以上者判斷為良品。
2.結果
針對各試料,將平均粒徑、比介電率、及機械品質因子Qm的值顯示於表5。
[表5]
試料No. | 平均粒徑 μm | 比介電率 | 機械品質因子 Qm |
1 | 2.1 | 1050 | 250 |
4 | 1.7 | 1094 | 530 |
15 | 1.1 | 1042 | 560 |
16 | 0.5 | 980 | 612 |
17 | 0.3 | 983 | 648 |
18 | 2.8 | 1124 | 524 |
19 | 3.5 | 1141 | 510 |
20 | 3.8 | 1110 | 472 |
21 | 1.0 | 994 | 266 |
22 | 4.0 | 1107 | 245 |
P
M1(P
M2+P
Mn)的值(即,b/(d2+d3)的值)為1.0以下的試料No.1、21、22係機械品質因子Qm遠低於500。此外,P
M1(P
M2+P
Mn)的值(即,b/(d2+d3)的值)超過1.0,但鈮酸鹼金屬系鈣鈦礦型氧化物的結晶粒子的平均粒徑為3.8μm的試料No.20係機械品質因子Qm稍低於500。相對於此,P
M1(P
M2+P
Mn)的值(即,b/(d2+d3)的值)超過1.0、鈮酸鹼金屬系鈣鈦礦型氧化物的結晶粒子的平均粒徑為0.3~3.5μm的試料No.4、15~19係機械品質因子Qm為500以上,壓電特性優異。特別是,鈮酸鹼金屬系鈣鈦礦型氧化物的結晶粒子的平均粒徑為0.3~1.1μm的試料No.15~17係機械品質因子Qm為560以上,壓電特性特優。
10:壓電元件
11:壓電體
12,13:電極
圖1係實施形態的壓電元件的斜視圖。
10:壓電元件
11:壓電體
12,13:電極
Claims (5)
- 一種無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物,包含含有鈮酸鹼金屬系鈣鈦礦型氧化物的主相,該鈮酸鹼金屬系鈣鈦礦型氧化物以組成式(A1 aM1 b) c(Nb d1,Mn d2,M2 d3)O 3+e(其中,元素A1為鹼金屬中的至少一種,元素M1為Ba、Ca、Sr中的至少一種,元素M2為Ti、Zr中的至少一種,0<a<1、0<b<1、a+b=1,c滿足0.80<c<1.10,0<d1<1、0<d2<1、0<d3<1、d1+d2+d3=1,e係表示氧的欠缺或過剩的值)表示,且 滿足b/(d2+d3)>1.0。
- 如請求項1的無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物,其包含含有以組成式A2 1-xTi 1-xNb 1+xO 5(其中,元素A2為鹼金屬中的至少一種,滿足0≦x≦0.15)所表示的氧化物、及以組成式A3Ti 3NbO 9(其中,元素A3為鹼金屬中的至少一種)所表示的氧化物中的一氧化物的副相。
- 如請求項1或請求項2的無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物,其中該主相中所含的該鈮酸鹼金屬系鈣鈦礦型氧化物的結晶粒子的平均粒徑,係0.3μm以上3.5μm以下。
- 如請求項1或請求項2的無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物,其中該主相中所含的該鈮酸鹼金屬系鈣鈦礦型氧化物的結晶粒子的平均粒徑,係0.3μm以上1.1μm以下。
- 一種壓電元件,具備:包含如請求項1至請求項4中任一項的無鉛壓電陶瓷組成物的壓電體、和與該壓電體相接的電極。
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