TW202108731A - 用於拋光介電襯底的具有穩定的磨料顆粒之化學機械拋光組成物 - Google Patents

用於拋光介電襯底的具有穩定的磨料顆粒之化學機械拋光組成物 Download PDF

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TW202108731A
TW202108731A TW109102841A TW109102841A TW202108731A TW 202108731 A TW202108731 A TW 202108731A TW 109102841 A TW109102841 A TW 109102841A TW 109102841 A TW109102841 A TW 109102841A TW 202108731 A TW202108731 A TW 202108731A
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毅 郭
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Abstract

公開了一種用於拋光介電襯底之化學機械拋光組成物,其包含用聚烷氧基化的有機矽烷穩定的膠體二氧化矽磨料顆粒。

Description

用於拋光介電襯底的具有穩定的磨料顆粒之化學機械拋光組成物
本發明涉及用於拋光介電襯底的在鹼性pH下具有穩定的膠體二氧化矽磨料顆粒之化學機械拋光組成物。更具體地,本發明涉及在鹼性pH下具有穩定的膠體二氧化矽磨料顆粒之化學機械拋光組成物,其中該穩定的膠體二氧化矽磨料顆粒用聚烷氧基化的有機矽烷穩定。
在積體電路以及其他電子裝置的製造中,將多層導電材料、半導電材料以及介電材料沈積在半導體晶圓的表面上或從半導體晶圓的表面上移除。可以藉由多種沈積技術來沈積導電材料、半導電材料以及介電材料的薄層。在現代加工中常見的沈積技術包括物理氣相沈積(PVD)(也稱為濺射)、化學氣相沈積(CVD)、電漿增強的化學氣相沈積(PECVD)、以及電化學電鍍(ECP)。
隨著材料層被依次地沈積和移除,晶圓的最上表面變成非平面的。因為後續的半導體加工(例如金屬化)要求晶圓具有平坦的表面,所以需要對晶圓進行平坦化。平坦化在移除不希望的表面形貌和表面缺陷中是有用的。
化學機械平坦化、或化學機械拋光(CMP)係用於將襯底(諸如半導體晶圓)平坦化之常見技術。在常規的CMP中,晶圓被安裝在托架組件上並且被定位成與CMP設備中的拋光墊接觸。托架組件向晶圓提供可控的壓力,從而將晶圓壓靠在拋光墊上。該墊藉由外部驅動力相對於晶圓移動(例如旋轉)。與此同時,在晶圓與拋光墊之間提供拋光組成物(「漿料」)或其他拋光液。因此,藉由墊表面和漿料的化學和機械作用將晶圓表面拋光並且使其成為平面。
某些先進裝置設計要求在較低的使用點(POU)磨料wt%下提供增強的中間層介電(ILD)移除效率的鹼性拋光組成物。此類ILD包括氧化矽和氮化矽。一種方法係增加電解質濃度,從而增加電導率;然而,增加電解質濃度導致膠體二氧化矽磨料顆粒的不穩定性。增加離子濃度導致膠體二氧化矽磨料顆粒上的較少的表面電荷,並致使較小的顆粒排斥,這係穩定顆粒的主要力。
因此,需要在鹼性pH下展現出改進的膠體二氧化矽磨料顆粒的穩定性的拋光組成物和拋光方法。
本發明涉及一種化學機械拋光組成物,其包含以下項作為初始組分: 水; 膠體二氧化矽磨料顆粒; 具有式 (I) 之聚烷氧基有機矽烷:
Figure 02_image001
(I) 其中R選自(C1 -C4 )烷基;R1 選自由氫、(C1 -C4 )烷基和R2 C(O)-組成之群組,其中R2 選自由氫和(C1 -C4 )烷基組成之群組;並且n係1至12的整數; pH > 7;以及 視需要鹼金屬或銨的無機鹽或其混合物;以及 視需要pH調節劑。
本發明還包括一種用於對襯底進行化學機械拋光之方法,該方法包括: 提供襯底,其中該襯底包括氧化矽、氮化矽和多晶矽中的至少一種; 提供化學機械拋光組成物,其包含以下項作為初始組分: 水; 膠體二氧化矽磨料顆粒; 具有式 (I) 之聚烷氧基有機矽烷:
Figure 02_image001
(I) 其中R選自(C1 -C4 )烷基;R1 選自由氫、(C1 -C4 )烷基和R2 C(O)-組成之群組,其中R2 選自由氫和(C1 -C4 )烷基組成之群組;並且n係1至12的整數; pH > 7;以及 視需要鹼金屬或銨的無機鹽或其混合物;以及 視需要pH調節劑; 提供具有拋光表面的化學機械拋光墊; 用0.69至69 kPa的下壓力在該化學機械拋光墊的拋光表面與該襯底之間的介面處產生動態接觸;以及 在該化學機械拋光墊與該襯底之間的介面處或介面附近將該化學機械拋光組成物分配到該化學機械拋光墊上; 其中該襯底被拋光;並且其中,將該氧化矽、氮化矽、多晶矽或其組合中的至少一些從該襯底上移除。
本發明的化學機械拋光組成物的聚烷氧基有機矽烷化合物在鹼性pH下使膠體二氧化矽磨料顆粒穩定,使得該膠體二氧化矽磨料顆粒基本上不附聚。此種附聚被該聚烷氧基有機矽烷化合物抑制,該化合物共價地改性該膠體二氧化矽磨料顆粒的表面以提供位阻保護。即使在相對高濃度的無機鹽下也實現此種位阻保護。
如本說明書通篇所使用的,除非上下文另外指示,否則以下縮寫具有以下含義:°C = 攝氏度;g = 克;L = 升;mL = 毫升;kPa = 千帕;cm = 釐米;nm = 奈米;min. = 分鐘;mS = 毫西門子;wt% = 重量百分比;PS = 本發明的拋光漿料;PC = 對比拋光漿料。
術語「化學機械拋光」或「CMP」係指單獨地憑藉化學和機械力來拋光襯底的製程,並且其區別於其中向襯底施加電偏壓的電化學-機械拋光(ECMP)。術語「TEOS」意指由原矽酸四乙酯(Si(OC2 H5 )4 )分解而形成的氧化矽。在通篇說明書中,術語「組成物」和「漿料」可互換使用。術語「鹵離子」意指氯離子、溴離子、氟離子和碘離子。術語「一個/種(a/an)」係指單數和複數二者。除非另外指出,否則所有百分比均為按重量計的。所有數值範圍都是包含端值的,並且可按任何順序組合,除了此數值範圍被限制為加起來最高達100%係合乎邏輯的情況之外。
本發明的化學機械拋光組成物含有水;膠體二氧化矽磨料顆粒;以及具有式 (I) 之聚烷氧基有機矽烷化合物:
Figure 02_image001
(I) 其中R選自(C1 -C4 )烷基,諸如甲基、乙基 丙基或丁基,較佳的是,R選自(C1 -C3 )烷基,諸如甲基、乙基或丙基,更較佳的是,R選自(C1 -C2 )烷基,諸如甲基或乙基,最較佳的是,R係甲基;R1 選自由氫和(C1 -C4 )烷基(諸如甲基、乙基、丙基或丁基)和R2 C(O)-組成之群組,其中R2 選自由氫和(C1 -C4 )烷基(諸如甲基、乙基、丙基或丁基)組成之群組,較佳的是,R1 選自由氫、(C1 -C3 )烷基(諸如甲基、乙基或丙基)和R2 -C(O)-組成之群組,其中R2 選自(C1 -C2 )烷基(諸如甲基或乙基),更較佳的是,R1 選自由氫、甲基和R2 -C(O)-組成之群組,其中R2 係甲基,最較佳的是,R1 係甲基;並且n係1至12的整數,較佳的是,n係6-12的整數,更較佳的是,n係6-9、8-12或9-12的整數,甚至更較佳的是,n係6-9或9-12的整數,最較佳的是,n係6-9。
較佳的是,在本發明的化學機械拋光組成物中,如以上描述的具有式 (I) 之聚烷氧基有機矽烷化合物包括乙氧基化的混合物,其中乙氧基化的數目由如以上的變數n指定,並且n係6-9、8-12或9-12,更較佳的是,n係6-9或9-12,最較佳的是,n係6-9個乙氧基化。本發明的示例性聚烷氧基有機矽烷如下:
Figure 02_image003
(II) 2-[甲氧基(聚伸乙基氧基)6-9丙基]三甲氧基矽烷;
Figure 02_image005
(III) 2-[甲氧基(聚伸乙基氧基)9-12丙基]三甲氧基矽烷;
Figure 02_image007
(IV) [羥基(聚伸乙基氧基)8-12丙基]三乙氧基矽烷;以及
Figure 02_image009
(V) 2-[(乙醯氧基(聚伸乙基氧基)丙基]三乙氧基矽烷。
本發明的化學機械拋光組成物含有0.001至5 wt%、較佳的是0.01至1 wt%、更較佳的是0.05至0.5 wt%、最較佳的是0.05至0.25 wt%的具有式 (I)-(V) 之聚烷氧基有機矽烷作為初始組分。
本發明的化學機械拋光組成物具有pH > 7。較佳的是,本發明的化學機械拋光組成物具有8至12的pH,更較佳的是,本發明的化學機械拋光組成物具有8至11的pH,最較佳的是,本發明的化學機械拋光組成物具有9至11的pH。
視需要,可以根據需要將pH調節劑添加到本發明的化學機械拋光組成物中,以將化學機械拋光組成物的pH調節至 > 7。此類pH調節劑包括氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、氨和季銨化合物中的一種或多種。
化學機械拋光組成物中含有的水較佳的是係去離子水和蒸餾水中的至少一種,以限制附帶的雜質。
用於本發明的化學機械拋光組成物中的磨料係膠體二氧化矽。較佳的是,膠體二氧化矽磨料含有至少一種沈澱二氧化矽。較佳的是,所使用的膠體二氧化矽具有 > 200 nm、更較佳的是75至150 nm、最較佳的是100至150 nm的平均粒度;並且占化學機械拋光組成物的0.1至40 wt%、較佳的是5至25 wt%、更較佳的是8至25 wt%、最較佳的是15至25 wt%。可商購的膠體二氧化矽的實例係具有139 nm平均粒度的Klebosol™ II 1630膠體二氧化矽;具有145 nm平均粒度的Klebosol™ II 1630膠體二氧化矽;以及具有130 nm粒度的Klebosol™ II 1730膠體二氧化矽,所有都是由德國達姆施塔特默克集團(Merck KgAA)製造的,所有都是從陶氏化學公司(Dow Chemical Company)可獲得的。較佳的是,膠體二氧化矽磨料顆粒具有負ζ電勢。
視需要,化學機械拋光組成物包含一種或多種鹼金屬和銨的無機鹽。較佳的是,無機鹽的量係以0.01至2 wt%、較佳的是0.1至1 wt%、更較佳的是0.25至1 wt%、最較佳的是0.5至1 wt%的量包含在化學機械拋光組成物中,其中鹼金屬選自鋰、鈉、鉀、銫中的一種或多種,並且抗衡陰離子選自硝酸根、碳酸根、碳酸氫根、鹵離子、磷酸根、磷酸氫根、焦磷酸根、三磷酸根和硫酸根中的一種或多種。最較佳的無機鹽係碳酸鉀。
視需要,酸性化學機械拋光組成物可以含有殺生物劑,諸如KORDEX™ MLX(9.5% - 9.9%的甲基-4-異噻唑啉-3-酮、89.1% - 89.5%的水以及 ≤ 1.0%的相關反應產物)或含有活性成分2-甲基-4-異噻唑啉-3-酮和5-氯-2-甲基-4-異噻唑啉-3-酮的KATHON™ ICP III,每個均由陶氏化學公司(KATHON™和KORDEX™係陶氏化學公司的商標)製造。此類殺生物劑可以以如熟悉該項技術者已知的常規量包含在本發明的酸性化學機械拋光組成物中。
較佳的是,本發明的化學機械拋光組成物不含氧化劑和腐蝕抑制劑。
較佳的是,化學機械拋光組成物由以下項組成:水;膠體二氧化矽磨料顆粒;具有式 (I) 之聚烷氧基有機矽烷化合物:
Figure 02_image001
(I) 其中R選自(C1 -C4 )烷基;R1 選自由氫、(C1 -C4 )烷基和R2 C(O)-組成之群組,其中R2 選自由氫和(C1 -C4 )烷基組成之群組;並且n係1至12的整數;pH > 7;以及視需要鹼金屬或銨的無機鹽或其混合物;視需要pH調節劑;以及視需要殺生物劑。
更較佳的是,化學機械拋光組成物由以下項組成:水;膠體二氧化矽磨料顆粒;具有式 (I) 之聚烷氧基有機矽烷化合物:
Figure 02_image001
(I) 其中R選自(C1 -C4 )烷基;R1 選自由氫、(C1 -C4 )烷基和R2 C(O)-組成之群組,其中R2 選自由氫和(C1 -C4 )烷基組成之群組;並且n係1至12的整數;pH > 7;鹼金屬或銨的無機鹽或其混合物;視需要pH調節劑;以及視需要殺生物劑。
甚至更較佳的是,化學機械拋光組成物由以下項組成:水;膠體二氧化矽磨料顆粒;聚烷氧基有機矽烷化合物,其選自由2-[甲氧基(聚伸乙基氧基)6-9丙基]三甲氧基矽烷、2-[甲氧基(聚伸乙基氧基)9-12丙基]三甲氧基矽烷、[羥基(聚伸乙基氧基)8-12丙基]三乙氧基矽烷、以及2-[(乙醯氧基(聚伸乙基氧基)丙基]三乙氧基矽烷組成之群組;鹼金屬或銨的無機鹽或其混合物;視需要pH調節劑;以及視需要殺生物劑。
在本發明的化學機械拋光方法中被拋光的襯底包括氧化矽、氮化矽和多晶矽中的至少一種。襯底中的氧化矽包括但不限於硼磷矽酸鹽玻璃(BPSG)、電漿蝕刻的原矽酸四乙酯(PETEOS)、熱氧化物、未摻雜的矽酸鹽玻璃、高密度電漿(HDP)氧化物和源自原矽酸四乙酯(TEOS)的二氧化矽。如果存在的話,襯底的氮化矽包括但不限於氮化矽材料,諸如Si3 N4 。多晶矽可以包括無定形多晶矽、單晶多晶矽或結晶多晶矽。
較佳的是,在本發明的拋光襯底之方法中,所提供的化學機械拋光墊可以是本領域已知的任何合適的拋光墊。熟悉該項技術者知道選擇用在本發明方法中適當的化學機械拋光墊。更較佳的是,在本發明的拋光襯底之方法中,所提供的化學機械拋光墊選自織造拋光墊和非織造拋光墊。還更較佳的是,在本發明的拋光襯底之方法中,所提供的化學機械拋光墊包括聚胺酯拋光層。最較佳的是,在本發明的拋光襯底之方法中,所提供的化學機械拋光墊包括含有聚合物中空芯微粒的聚胺酯拋光層以及聚胺酯浸漬的非織造子墊。較佳的是,所提供的化學機械拋光墊在拋光表面上具有至少一個凹槽。
較佳的是,在本發明的拋光襯底之方法中,在化學機械拋光墊與襯底之間的介面處或介面附近將所提供的化學機械拋光組成物分配到所提供的化學機械拋光墊的拋光表面上。
較佳的是,在本發明的拋光襯底之方法中,使用0.69至34.5 kPa的垂直於被拋光襯底的表面的下壓力,在所提供的化學機械拋光墊與襯底之間的介面處產生動態接觸。
以下實例旨在進一步說明本發明,但是並不旨在限制其範圍。實例 1 化學機械拋光組成物
以下化學機械拋光組成物被製備成包含下表1中公開的組分和量。將組分與餘量去離子水組合。用氫氧化鉀調節組成物的pH。 [表1]
拋光漿料 磨料* (wt% 碳酸鉀£ (wt% 縮水甘油氧基丙基- 三乙氧基矽烷(wt% 甲氧基聚伸乙基氧基-6-9 丙基 三甲氧基矽烷 (wt% pH
PC-1 24 1 --------------- --------------- 10.8
PC-2 24 1 0.25 --------------- 10.8
PS-1 24 1 --------------- 0.25 10.8
*磨料:具有139 nm平均粒度的Klebosol™ II 1630膠體二氧化矽,其由德國達姆施塔特默克集團製造的,從陶氏化學公司可獲得的;以及£ 碳酸鉀,99.9 wt.%(從奧德里奇公司(Aldrich)可獲得的)。
Figure 02_image012
(VII) 縮水甘油氧基丙基-三乙氧基矽烷
Figure 02_image003
(II) 甲氧基聚伸乙基氧基-6-9丙基三甲氧基矽烷實例 2 烘箱老化研究和平均粒度
將實例1中的表1的漿料形成放置在55°C下的常規對流烘箱中以加速顆粒老化,並在四周的過程中監測平均粒度並按粒度(CPS)進行收集。粒度(CPS)意指如藉由CPS Instrument盤式離心機系統(從CPS儀器公司(CPS Instruments Inc)可獲得的)確定的組成物的重均粒度。使用溶劑中的離心力按大小將顆粒分離,並使用光學光散射將其量化。 [表2]
拋光漿料 平均粒度(nm) 平均粒度(nm) 平均粒度(nm)
第1 第14 第28
PC-1 108 139 155
PC-2 107 121 145
PS-1 105 107 108
即使用常規的縮水甘油氧基丙基三乙氧基矽烷膠體二氧化矽穩定劑,對於對比漿料平均粒度在28天內仍增加 > 35%。相比之下,用甲氧基聚伸乙基氧基-6-9丙基三甲氧基矽烷穩定的本發明的漿料的平均粒度其具有在28天內僅約3%的平均粒度增加。實例 3 化學機械拋光組成物
以下化學機械拋光組成物被製備成包含下表3中公開的組分和量。將組分與餘量去離子水組合。用氫氧化鉀調節組成物的pH。 [表3]
拋光漿料 磨料* (wt% 碳酸鉀(wt% 甲氧基聚伸乙基氧基-6-9 丙基 三甲氧基矽烷 (wt% pH
PC-3 24 --------------- --------------- 10.8
PC-4 24 0.5 --------------- 10.8
PC-5 24 1 --------------- 10.8
PC-6 24 1.5 --------------- 10.8
PS-2 24 1 0.5 10.8
PS-3 24 1 0.25 10.8
*磨料:具有139 nm平均粒度的Klebosol™ II 1630膠體二氧化矽,其由德國達姆施塔特默克集團製造的,從陶氏化學公司可獲得的。
電導率測量程序和設備: 儀器:從科爾帕默公司(Cole Parmer)可獲得的YSI 3200台式儀錶; 探針- 具有溫度補償的YSI 3253雙鉑環; 校準–使用前進行並且與從梅特勒托利多公司(Mettler Toledo)可獲得的Mettler Toledo電導率標準一起使用; 樣品製備 - 在測量前將所有樣品放置在25°C水浴中20 min.。
下表4中公開了電導率測量的結果。 [表4]
拋光漿料 電導率 (mS
PC-3 6.10
PC-4 13.24
PC-5 20.29
PC-6 27.38
PS-2 20.36
PS-3 20.59
無機鹽碳酸鉀的添加基本上隨著濃度的增加而增加了電導率(離子強度),因此致使較小的顆粒間排斥。

Claims (7)

  1. 一種化學機械拋光組成物,其包含以下項作為初始組分: 水; 膠體二氧化矽磨料; 具有式 (I) 之聚烷氧基有機矽烷:
    Figure 03_image001
    (I) 其中R選自(C1 -C4 )烷基;R1 選自由氫、(C1 -C4 )烷基和R2 C(O)-組成之群組,其中R2 選自由氫和(C1 -C4 )烷基組成之群組;並且n係1至12的整數; pH > 7;以及 視需要鹼金屬或銨的無機鹽或其混合物;以及 視需要pH調節劑。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之化學機械拋光組成物,其中,該化學機械拋光組成物包含以下項作為初始組分: 水; 0.1至40 wt%的該膠體二氧化矽磨料顆粒; 0.001至5 wt%的該具有式 (I) 之聚烷氧基有機矽烷; 0.01至2 wt%的鹼金屬或銨的無機鹽或其混合物; pH調節劑;並且, 該pH係8-12。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之化學機械拋光組成物,其中,該化學機械拋光組成物包含以下項作為初始組分: 水; 該膠體二氧化矽磨料顆粒; 該具有式 (I) 之聚烷氧基有機矽烷,其中R選自由甲基、乙基和丙基組成之群組,R1 選自由氫、甲基、乙基、丙基和R2 -C(O)-組成之群組,其中R2 選自由氫、甲基、乙基和丙基組成之群組;並且進一步包含鹼金屬或銨的無機鹽或其混合物;n係6-12的整數;pH調節劑;以及8-12的pH。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之化學機械拋光組成物,其進一步包含殺生物劑。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之化學機械拋光組成物,其中,該化學機械拋光組成物包含以下項作為初始組分: 水; 該膠體二氧化矽磨料顆粒; 該具有式 (I) 之聚烷氧基有機矽烷,其中R選自由甲基和乙基組成之群組,R1 選自由氫、甲基、乙基和R2 -C(O)-組成之群組,其中R2 選自由甲基和乙基組成之群組;並且進一步包含鹼金屬的無機鹽;其中該鹼金屬的無機鹽係碳酸鉀;n為6-9、8-12或9-12;pH調節劑以及8-11的pH。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之化學機械拋光組成物,其中,該具有式 (I) 之聚烷氧基有機矽烷選自由2-[甲氧基(聚伸乙基氧基)6-9丙基]三甲氧基矽烷、2-[甲氧基(聚伸乙基氧基)9-12丙基]三甲氧基矽烷、[羥基(聚伸乙基氧基)8-12丙基]三乙氧基矽烷、以及2-[(乙醯氧基(聚伸乙基氧基)丙基]三乙氧基矽烷組成之群組。
  7. 一種用於對襯底進行化學機械拋光之方法,該方法包括: 提供襯底,其中該襯底包括氧化矽、氮化矽和多晶矽中的至少一種; 提供如申請專利範圍第1項所述之化學機械拋光組成物; 提供具有拋光表面的化學機械拋光墊; 用0.69至69 kPa的下壓力在該化學機械拋光墊的拋光表面與該襯底之間的介面處產生動態接觸;以及 在該化學機械拋光墊與該襯底之間的介面處或介面附近將該化學機械拋光組成物分配到該化學機械拋光墊上; 其中該襯底被拋光;並且其中,將該氧化矽、氮化矽、多晶矽或其組合中的至少一些從該襯底上移除。
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CN111471400A (zh) 2020-07-31
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JP2020117707A (ja) 2020-08-06
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