TW202037481A - 樹脂成形體之製造方法及樹脂成形體 - Google Patents

樹脂成形體之製造方法及樹脂成形體 Download PDF

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Publication number
TW202037481A
TW202037481A TW108147889A TW108147889A TW202037481A TW 202037481 A TW202037481 A TW 202037481A TW 108147889 A TW108147889 A TW 108147889A TW 108147889 A TW108147889 A TW 108147889A TW 202037481 A TW202037481 A TW 202037481A
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
molded body
resin
film
resin composition
less
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TW108147889A
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English (en)
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伊崎健晴
藤井俊介
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日商三井化學股份有限公司
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Publication of TW202037481A publication Critical patent/TW202037481A/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B33Y40/20Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C63/00Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C63/02Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/118Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1632Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface direct heating the surfaces to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16Laser beams
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    • B29C65/1654Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/45Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/5326Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially flat
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/735General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7352Thickness, e.g. very thin
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/83General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
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    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/94Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2101/00Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as moulding material
    • B29K2101/12Thermoplastic materials

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Abstract

本發明提供一種樹脂成形體之製造方法,其具有:準備樹脂組成物之中間成形體之步驟,該樹脂組成物之中間成形體具有依據JIS B 0601所測定之最大凸出高度(Rp)為10μm以上且5000μm以下、或依據JIS B 0601所測定之最大凹陷深度(Rv)為10μm以上且5000μm以下之粗糙表面;及,於上述中間成形體之上述粗糙表面,藉由利用雷射之照射使包含單向排列之強化纖維之樹脂組成物之薄膜狀成形體融黏之步驟。

Description

樹脂成形體之製造方法及樹脂成形體
本發明係關於一種樹脂成形體之製造方法及樹脂成形體。
已知使用光造形(SLA)法、材料擠出(MEX)法、粉末床熔融結合(PBF)法、片材積層法、黏合劑噴射法及材料噴射法等附加造形方法之樹脂成形體之成形方法。該等附加造形方法係藉由依序形成將欲製造之樹脂成形體於高度方向上進行分割而成之各層並積層所形成之各層,而製造所需形狀之樹脂成形體之成形方法。
例如,於材料擠出(MEX)法中,藉由將於高溫下熔解或軟化之絲狀樹脂組成物自噴嘴擠出並配置為平面狀,而形成將欲製造之樹脂成形體於高度方向上分割開之各層。其後,藉由進一步將熔解或軟化之樹脂組成物自噴嘴擠出並與上述所形成之層接觸配置,而形成上述分割開之下一層。如此,藉由將上述各層依序形成並進行積層,而製造所需形狀之樹脂成形體。於專利文獻1及專利文獻2中揭示有一種可用於藉由MEX法來製造樹脂成形體之成形體,該成形體含有包含烯烴系樹脂之樹脂組成物。MEX法亦稱為熱熔積層(FDM)法或熔絲製造(FFF)法。
又,藉由擠出機使樹脂組成物熔融並將之自噴嘴直接 擠出而配置於平面上之方法,亦用於對大型樹脂成形品進行造形。
又,於粉末床熔融結合(PBF)法中,向鋪設在載台上之樹脂組成物之粒子照射雷射或電子束,使上述粒子燒結或融黏(以下,亦僅將「燒結及融黏之任一者或一者」稱為「融黏等」),藉此形成將欲製造之樹脂成形體於高度方向上分割開之各層。其後,使樹脂組成物之粒子與上述所形成之層相接鋪設,照射雷射或電子束,藉此形成上述分割開之下一層。如此,藉由將上述各層依序形成並積層,而製造所需形狀之樹脂成形體。關於SLS法,根據使對象熔融還是使對象燒結、或者所使用之手段為雷射還是為電子束,而分粉末床燒結結合(SLS)法、雷射熔融(SLM)法、電子束熔融(EBM)法。
已知於藉由該等附加造形方法所製造之樹脂成形體中,上述所製造之各層之端部形狀所導致之階差、及經融黏等之粒子之形狀所導致之凹凸等殘存於其表面。因此,上述各附加造形方法難以充分提高所造形之樹脂成形體之尺寸精度或美感等。
又,於MEX法中,樹脂成形體之表面之凹凸之程度係取決於所使用之長絲直徑。例如,存在長絲之直徑越粗,凹凸變得越大之傾向。
於專利文獻3中揭示有一種三維造形物之製造方法,其具有如下步驟:對造形用粉末之層吐出藉由紫外光之照射而硬化之實體部形成用油墨、與即便照射紫外光亦不硬化之犧牲層形成用油墨,並使上述2種油墨分別滲透至上述層內。根據專利文獻3,藉由將滲透有上述2種油墨之區域之邊界形成於上述層內,可防止三維造形物之外表面產生不規則之階差(凹凸),而製造具有光滑之外 表面之三維造形物。
[先前技術文獻]
[專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]日本專利特開2018-035461號公報
[專利文獻2]國際公開第2017/057424號
[專利文獻3]日本專利特開2015-139977號公報
於專利文獻3中揭示有藉由該文獻所記載之方法,可製造具有光滑之外表面之三維造形物。但,專利文獻3所記載之方法中,可應用之附加造形方法受限於黏合劑噴射法,若為MEX法及PBF法等其他附加造形方法,則無法製造同樣地具有光滑之表面之三維造形物。
鑒於上述問題,本發明之目的在於提供一種以各種附加造形方法製造樹脂成形體之方法、即具有光滑之表面之樹脂成形體之製造方法、及以該製造方法所製造之樹脂成形體。
用於解決上述課題之本發明之一態樣之樹脂成形體之製造方法具有:準備樹脂組成物之中間成形體之步驟,該樹脂組成物之中間成形體具有依據JIS B 0601所測定之最大凸出高度(Rp)為10μm以上且5000μm以下、或依據JIS B 0601所測定之最大凹陷深度(Rv)為10μm以上且5000μm以下之粗糙表面;及於上述中間成形體之上述粗糙表面,藉由利用雷射之照射使包含單向排列之強化 纖維之樹脂組成物之薄膜狀成形體融黏之步驟。
又,用於解決上述課題之本發明之一態樣之樹脂成形體具有:內部層,其係樹脂組成物之薄層於層間燒結或融黏並積層而成、或樹脂組成物之粒子於粒子間燒結或融黏而成;及表面層,其與上述所積層之複數層相接配置、或與上述燒結或融黏之數個粒子相接配置,且包含燒結或融黏於上述內部層之包含經排列之強化纖維之樹脂組成物。
根據本發明,提供一種以各種附加造形方法製造樹脂成形體之方法、即具有光滑之表面之樹脂成形體之製造方法、及以該製造方法所製造之樹脂成形體。
110:噴嘴
120:載台
130:中間成形體
135:粗糙表面
212:雷射振盪源
214:雷射照射部
220:載台
230:中間成形體
235a、235b:粗糙表面
300:融黏裝置
310:收容部
320a、320b:導輥
332:雷射振盪源
334:雷射照射部
340:按壓輥
350:融黏單元
360:保持載台
380:薄膜狀成形體
390:中間成形體
395:粗糙表面
400:樹脂成形體
410:內部層
420:表面層
圖1A係模式性地表示利用MEX法之中間成形體之製造方法之剖面圖,圖1B係模式性地表示藉由MEX法所製造之中間成形體之剖面圖。
圖2A係模式性地表示利用SLS法之中間成形體之製造方法之剖面圖,圖2B係模式性地表示藉由SLS法所製造之中間成形體之剖面圖。
圖3係表示使用融黏裝置之薄膜狀成形體之融黏方法之一例的模式圖,該融黏裝置用於藉由照射雷射使帶狀之薄膜狀成形體融黏於中間成形體。
圖4A係表示本發明之一實施形態之用於製造樹脂成形體之中間成形體之截面形狀的模式圖,圖4B及圖4C係表示使用圖4A所示 之中間成形體所製造之樹脂成形體之截面形狀的模式圖。
1.樹脂成形體之製造方法
本發明之一實施形態之樹脂成形體之製造方法具有:準備樹脂組成物之中間成形體之步驟,該樹脂組成物之中間成形體具有依據JIS B 0601所測定之最大凸出高度(Rp)為10μm以上且5000μm以下、或依據JIS B 0601所測定之最大凹陷深度(Rv)為10μm以上且5000μm以下之粗糙表面;及於上述中間成形體之上述粗糙表面,藉由利用雷射之照射使包含單向排列之強化纖維之樹脂組成物之薄膜狀成形體融黏等之步驟。
1-1.準備中間成形體之步驟
上述中間成形體係由樹脂組成物所成形之成形體,其具有依據JIS B 0601所測定之最大凸出高度(Rp)為10μm以上且5000μm以下、或依據JIS B 0601所測定之最大凹陷深度(Rv)為10μm以上且5000μm以下之粗糙表面。上述中間成形體可購買市售品等以進行準備,亦可於本步驟之前成形上述具有粗糙表面之成形體以進行準備。
1-1-1.中間成形體之形狀及其製造
上述中間成形體為與欲製造之樹脂成形體大致相同之形狀,且較佳為具有其外徑小於欲僅以經融黏等之薄膜狀成形體之厚度製造之樹脂成形體之形狀。
上述中間成形體可購買市售之樹脂成形體以進行準備,亦可藉由公知之方法製造而進行準備。
上述中間成形體例如為藉由附加造形方法由樹脂組成物所造形而成之立體造形物。上述附加造形方法並無特別限定,可為光造形(SLA)法、材料擠出(MEX)法、粉末床熔融結合(PBF)法、片材積層法、黏合劑噴射法及材料噴射法等公知之方法。該等中,MEX法及PBF法由於特別容易形成滿足上述最大凸出高度(Rp)或最大凹陷深度(Rv)之要件之粗糙表面,故而藉由本實施形態之方法形成光滑之表面之效果較為顯著。
圖1A係模式性地表示利用MEX法之中間成形體之製造方法之剖面圖,圖1B係模式性地表示藉由MEX法所製造之中間成形體之剖面圖。根據MEX法,如圖1A所示,將於高溫下熔解或軟化之樹脂組成物自噴嘴110擠出,並平面狀地配置於載台120上。自噴嘴110所擠出之樹脂組成物被冷卻並固化,而形成將中間成形體於高度方向(圖1A中之Z方向)上分割開之1層。進而,若將於高溫下熔解或軟化之樹脂組成物自噴嘴110擠出,與所形成之層相接並平面狀地配置,則新自噴嘴110擠出之樹脂組成物被冷卻並固化,形成將中間成形體於高度方向上分割開之下一層。此時,構成先形成之層之樹脂組成物與構成其次形成之層之樹脂組成物因經加熱並擠出之樹脂組成物之熱量而融黏,因此先形成之層與其次形成之層融黏而積層。進而,重複進行藉由樹脂組成物之擠出及固化來形成新的層,藉此將中間成形體130造形(圖1B)。如此造形而成之中間成形體具有跨越所積層之複數層於積層方向上延伸之表面即滿足上述最大凸出高度(Rp)或最大凹陷深度(Rv)之要件之粗糙表面135。
MEX法中之噴嘴之口徑並無特別限制,可使用習知公知之口徑之噴嘴。若噴嘴之口徑較小,則存在上述最大凸出高度(Rp)或最大凹陷深度(Rv)變小之傾向,若噴嘴之口徑較大,則存在上述最大凸出高度(Rp)或最大凹陷深度(Rv)變大之傾向。
又,於MEX法中上述最大凸出高度(Rp)或最大凹陷深度(Rv),例如除噴嘴直徑以外,亦可藉由擠出速度、樹脂組成物之溫度進行調整。若提高擠出速度,則存在因樹脂組成物之黏彈性效果而最大凸出高度(Rp)或最大凹陷深度(Rv)變大之傾向,若提高樹脂組成物之溫度,則存在最大凸出高度(Rp)或最大凹陷深度(Rv)變小之傾向。
圖2A係模式性地表示利用作為PBF法之一形態之SLS法之中間成形體之製造方法的剖面圖,圖2B係模式性地表示藉由SLS法所製造之中間成形體之剖面圖。根據SLS法,如圖2A所示,將自雷射振盪源212振盪之雷射,從作為物鏡單元之雷射照射部214照射至鋪設在能夠於鉛直方向下降之載台220上之樹脂組成物之粒子。照射到雷射之粒子與鄰接配置且照射到雷射之粒子燒結,形成將中間成形體於高度方向(圖2A中之Z方向)上分割開之1層。進而,若與所形成之層接觸鋪設樹脂組成物之粒子,並向所鋪設之粒子之層照射雷射,則照射到雷射之粒子彼此燒結,形成將中間成形體於高度方向上分割開之下一層。此時,構成先形成之層之樹脂組成物與構成其次形成之層之樹脂組成物因藉由雷射之照射所賦予之熱量而燒結,因此先形成之層與其次形成之層燒結而積層。進而,重複進行藉由樹脂組成物之粒子之鋪設及雷射之照射來形成新的層,藉此將中間成形體230造形(圖2B)。如此造形而成之中間成形 體具有:跨越經燒結之數個粒子而於積層方向上延伸之表面,即滿足上述最大凸出高度(Rp)或最大凹陷深度(Rv)之要件之粗糙表面235a;及跨越經燒結之數個粒子而於除積層方向以外之方向上延伸之表面,即滿足上述最大凸出高度(Rp)或最大凹陷深度(Rv)之要件之粗糙表面235b。
於PBF法中,上述最大凸出高度(Rp)或最大凹陷深度(Rv)例如可藉由樹脂組成物之粒子之大小進行調整。
上述粗糙表面係依據JIS B 0601所測定之最大凸出高度(Rp)為10μm以上且5000μm以下、或依據JIS B 0601所測定之最大凹陷深度(Rv)為10μm以上且5000μm以下之表面。再者,滿足上述最大凸出高度(Rp)或最大凹陷深度(Rv)之要件之粗糙表面,係藉由附加造形方法所造形之立體造形物所特有之粗糙表面,即便對藉由其他造形方法所造形之立體造形物之表面進行噴砂處理等粗糙表面化處理,通常最大凸出高度(Rp)或最大凹陷深度(Rv)亦進一步變小,因此無法成為滿足上述最大凸出高度(Rp)或最大凹陷深度(Rv)之要件之粗糙表面。
更具體而言,關於藉由MEX法所形成之中間成形體所具有之粗糙表面135,通常上述最大凸出高度(Rp)或最大凹陷深度(Rv)為20μm以上且450μm以下,更典型地為20μm以上且400μm以下,進而典型地為30μm以上且350μm以下。又,關於藉由PBF法所形成之中間成形體所具有之粗糙表面235a及粗糙表面235b,通常上述最大凸出高度(Rp)或最大凹陷深度(Rv)為10μm以上且450μm以下,更典型地為10μm以上且100μm以下,進而典型地為15μm以上且100μm以下。
又,上述粗糙表面較佳為依據JIS B 0601所測定之算術平均粗度(Ra)為5μm以上且1250μm以下。更具體而言,關於藉由MEX法所形成之中間成形體所具有之粗糙表面135,通常上述算術平均粗度(Ra)為5μm以上且1250μm以下,更典型地為10μm以上且250μm以下,進而典型地為15μm以上且80μm以下。又,關於藉由PBF法所形成之中間成形體所具有之粗糙表面235a及粗糙表面235b,通常上述算術平均粗度(Ra)為5μm以上且1000μm以下,更典型地為6μm以上且100μm以下,進而典型地為7μm以上且50μm以下。
1-1-2.樹脂組成物
上述樹脂組成物係包含1種或數種樹脂、及任意調配之添加劑之組成物。
上述樹脂可為熱塑性樹脂、熱固性樹脂及光硬化性樹脂之任一者,但就進一步提高樹脂成形體之形狀之自由度之觀點及使樹脂成形體之表面更加光滑之觀點而言,較佳為熱塑性樹脂。上述熱塑性樹脂之例包含:聚烯烴樹脂、聚醯胺樹脂、聚酯樹脂、聚苯乙烯樹脂、熱塑性聚醯亞胺樹脂、聚醯胺醯亞胺樹脂、聚碳酸酯樹脂、聚苯醚樹脂、聚苯硫醚樹脂、聚縮醛樹脂、丙烯酸系樹脂、聚醚醯亞胺樹脂、聚碸樹脂、聚醚酮樹脂、聚醚醚酮樹脂、聚芳酯樹脂、聚醚腈樹脂、氯乙烯樹脂、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS,acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene)樹脂及氟樹脂等。再者,上述樹脂可為彈性體。
上述熱固性樹脂之例包含:環氧樹脂、酚樹脂、三聚 氰胺樹脂、尿素樹脂、鄰苯二甲酸二烯丙酯樹脂、聚矽氧樹脂、聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂、呋喃樹脂、酮樹脂、二甲苯樹脂、熱固性聚醯亞胺樹脂、不飽和聚酯樹脂及對苯二甲酸二烯丙酯樹脂等。
上述樹脂較佳為包含該等中包含乙烯系聚合物、丙烯系聚合物及其他α-烯烴系聚合物之烯烴系樹脂,更佳為包含丙烯系聚合物,進而較佳為將丙烯系聚合物及上述其他α-烯烴系聚合物均包含。
上述乙烯系聚合物包含:乙烯之均聚合物、及乙烯與碳數為3以上且20以下之α-烯烴之共聚合物。再者,該等乙烯系聚合物可僅使用1種,亦可並用數種。
上述丙烯系聚合物包含:丙烯之均聚合物、及丙烯與乙烯或碳數為4以上且20以下之α-烯烴之共聚合物。再者,該等丙烯系聚合物可僅使用1種,亦可並用數種。
上述α-烯烴系聚合物包含:碳數為4以上且20以下之α-烯烴之均聚合物、及碳數為2以上且20以下之α-烯烴之共聚合物(其中,上述乙烯系聚合物及丙烯系聚合物除外)。
再者,上述α-烯烴之例包含:乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、3-甲基-1-丁烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、3-甲基-1-戊烯、4-甲基-1-己烯、4,4-二甲基-1-己烯、1-壬烯、1-辛烯、1-庚烯、1-己烯、1-癸烯、1-十一烯、1-十二烯、1-十四烯、1-十六烯、1-十八烯、及1-二十烯等。上述α-烯烴系聚合物較佳為包含該等中1-丁烯、乙烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、及1-己烯之共聚合物,更佳為包含1-丁烯及4-甲基-1-戊烯之共聚合物。上述α-烯烴系聚合物可為無規共聚合物,亦可為嵌段共聚合物,但較佳為無規共聚合物。
上述樹脂較佳為與薄膜狀成形體相同種類之樹脂,更佳為與薄膜狀成形體之基質樹脂(下述)相同種類之樹脂。再者,所謂相同種類之樹脂係指構成樹脂之主鏈中之將源自單體之各構成單位彼此鍵結之鍵結構(例如,酯結構及醯胺鍵等)相同、或藉由相同聚合性基(例如,乙烯基等)進行鍵結。上述相同種類之樹脂較佳為具有源自相同單體(例如,乙烯、丙烯)之構成單位。
上述添加劑之例包含:公知之填充劑(無機填充劑、有機填充劑)、顏料、染料、耐候性穩定劑、耐熱穩定劑、抗靜電劑、防滑劑、抗氧化劑、防黴劑、抗菌劑、難燃劑、及軟化劑等。
作為上述添加劑之填充劑之例包含:包含雲母、碳黑、氧化矽、碳酸鈣、滑石、石墨、不鏽鋼、及鋁等之粉末填充劑;及包含碳纖維、玻璃纖維、金屬纖維、金屬氧化物纖維、MOS-HIGE(鹼性硫酸鎂無機纖維)、及碳酸鈣晶鬚等之纖維狀填充劑等。該等填充劑可提高樹脂成形體之強度。
再者,若上述樹脂組成物含有適當量之上述纖維狀填充劑,則可於藉由附加造形方法由上述樹脂組成物成形造形物時,抑制造形物產生翹曲。認為其原因在於:上述纖維狀填充劑適度地阻礙樹脂之結晶化而抑制樹脂之收縮。因此,於上述樹脂組成物含有結晶性樹脂及上述纖維狀填充劑時,顯著地發揮上述翹曲之產生之抑制效果,於上述樹脂組成物含有特別容易產生翹曲之丙烯系聚合物(特別是丙烯均聚合物)及上述纖維狀填充劑時,更加顯著地發揮上述翹曲之產生之抑制效果。
特別是相對於樹脂組成物之總質量,以30質量%以上且70質量%以下之比例含有丙烯系聚合物(特別是丙烯均聚合物), 以1質量%以上且20質量%以下之比例含有α-烯烴系聚合物(除上述丙烯系聚合物以外;特別是α-烯烴系無規共聚合物),以20質量%以上且60質量%以下之比例含有上述纖維狀填充劑(特別是碳纖維及玻璃纖維)之樹脂組成物可有效地抑制藉由附加造形方法由丙烯系聚合物成形造形物時成為問題之翹曲之產生,故而較佳。
作為上述添加劑之顏料及染料之例包含公知之色素。特別是就使之後步驟中之利用雷射照射時之薄膜狀成形體之融黏變得容易的觀點而言,上述顏料及染料較佳為與上述所照射之雷射之波長相同波長之吸光度更大之顏料及染料,具體而言,較佳為吸收極大波長為300nm以上且3000nm以下之顏料及染料,更佳為吸收極大波長為500nm以上且2000nm以下之顏料及染料,進而較佳為吸收極大波長為700nm以上且1500nm以下之顏料及染料。反之,就使雷射之波長之選擇更加自由之觀點而言,上述顏料及染料較佳為可吸收更廣範圍之波長之顏料及染料(或其組合),具體而言,較佳為黑色系之顏料及染料(或其組合),更佳為包含碳系顏料,進而較佳為包含碳黑。
作為上述添加劑之顏料及染料之含量只要為充分提高中間成形體之雷射之吸收,且不會對中間成形體及樹脂成形體之強度等其他特性造成顯著影響之程度即可。例如,作為上述添加劑之碳黑之含量較佳為相對於樹脂組成物之總質量為0.1質量%以上且10質量%以下,更佳為0.5質量%以上且5質量%以下。
1-2.使薄膜狀成形體融黏之步驟
其次,藉由利用雷射之照射使包含單向排列之強化纖維之樹脂 組成物之薄膜狀成形體融黏於上述中間成形體之上述粗糙表面。
此時,若不照射雷射而僅使薄膜狀成形體黏著等,則薄膜狀成形體無法充分吸收盡構成上述粗糙表面之凹凸,因此沿粗糙表面之形狀之形狀之表面殘存在黏著有薄膜狀成形體之中間成形體之外部側。相對於此,若向中間成形體及薄膜狀成形體之至少一者照射雷射而使該等融黏,則構成中間成形體及薄膜狀成形體之樹脂組成物部分熔融並填埋中間成形體與薄膜狀成形體之間之間隙,而減少構成上述粗糙表面之凹凸。因此,若藉由雷射之照射使薄膜狀成形體融黏於上述粗糙表面,則於中間成形體之外部側形成更加平滑之表面。
特別是若上述中間成形體具有依據JIS B 0601所測定之最大凸出高度(Rp)為10μm以上且5000μm以下、或依據JIS B 0601所測定之最大凹陷深度(Rv)為10μm以上且5000μm以下之粗糙表面,則可進一步提高薄膜狀成形體融黏於中間成形體而成之樹脂成形體之彎曲強度及彎曲彈性模數。認為其原因在於:中間成形體與薄膜狀成形體相互更好地熔融,且薄膜狀成形體充分侵入至粗糙表面所具有之凹陷底部而使彼此無間隙地接合,藉此中間成形體與薄膜狀成形體更加牢固地黏著,而可增大薄膜狀成形體之強度賦予之程度。
又,若藉由雷射之照射而使中間成形體與薄膜狀成形體融黏,則該等於其界面熔融而一體化從而更加強力地接合。因此,使薄膜狀成形體融黏而成之表面層自樹脂成形體之剝離難以產生。
於本步驟中,不僅使薄膜狀成形體融黏於中間成形體 之粗糙表面,亦可使薄膜狀成形體融黏於不滿足上述最大凸出高度(Rp)或最大凹陷深度(Rv)之要件之中間成形體之表面。藉此,可獲得表面之粗度更加均勻之樹脂成形體。
又,於本步驟中,可使薄膜狀成形體進一步融黏於已融黏於中間成形體之粗糙表面、或不滿足上述最大凸出高度(Rp)或最大凹陷深度(Rv)之要件之表面的薄膜狀成形體之表面,而形成薄膜狀成形體之複數層。藉此,可獲得進一步提高了表面之強度之樹脂成形體。此時,上述複數層可包含如配向有強化纖維之朝向相同之層之組合,亦可包含配向有強化纖維之朝向不同之層之組合,但就將樹脂成形體之彎曲容易性及耐壓縮性一起提高之觀點而言,較佳為包含相鄰2層中之配向有強化纖維之朝向不同之層的組合。
1-2-1.薄膜狀成形體之形狀
上述薄膜狀成形體係使樹脂組成物(以下,亦稱為「基質樹脂」)含浸於上述強化纖維中而成之成形體。
上述薄膜狀成形體為片狀或帶狀(長條狀)之成形體。就使薄膜狀成形體容易融黏之觀點而言,上述薄膜狀成形體較佳為帶狀之成形體。上述薄膜狀成形體之厚度較佳為0.05mm以上且1.0mm以下,更佳為0.1mm以上且0.5mm以下。
薄膜狀成形體之寬度並無特別限制,只要視中間成形體之表面形狀適宜地選擇即可。例如,於中間成形體之表面之凹凸為條紋狀且與條紋並排地配置薄膜狀成形體之情形時,若使薄膜狀成形體之寬度大於凹凸之寬度,則存在外觀更加優異之傾向,故而較佳。例如,薄膜狀成形體之寬度較佳為5mm以上且150mm以下, 更佳為7mm以上且100mm以下,進而更佳為10mm以上且50mm以下。若薄膜狀成形體之寬度為5mm以上,則不易產生由雷射照射導致之融黏中之薄膜狀成形體之斷裂等問題,故而較佳。若薄膜狀成形體之寬度為150mm以下,利用雷射之加熱變得容易,故而較佳。
上述薄膜狀成形體具有依據JIS B 0601所測定之算術平均粗度(Ra)小於上述中間成形體所具有之上述粗糙表面之上述算術平均粗度(Ra)的表面。具體而言,上述薄膜狀成形體之表面係依據JIS B 0601所測定之算術平均粗度(Ra)為0.1μm以上且10μm以下、較佳為0.5μm以上且5μm以下之表面。
上述薄膜狀成形體可購買市售之纖維強化樹脂來進行準備,亦可藉由使基質樹脂用之樹脂組成物含浸於強化纖維之公知之方法來進行製造。
1-2-2.基質樹脂
基質樹脂之樹脂種類並無特別限定,可為熱塑性樹脂、熱固性樹脂及光硬化性樹脂之任一者,但就進一步提高樹脂成形體之形狀之自由度之觀點及使樹脂成形體之表面更加光滑之觀點而言,較佳為熱塑性樹脂。上述樹脂組成物可僅包含1種樹脂,亦可為2種以上之樹脂之摻合物或聚合物合金。
上述熱塑性樹脂之例包含:聚烯烴樹脂、聚醯胺樹脂、聚酯樹脂、聚苯乙烯樹脂、聚醯亞胺樹脂、聚醯胺醯亞胺樹脂、聚碳酸酯樹脂、聚苯醚樹脂、聚苯硫醚樹脂、聚縮醛樹脂、丙烯酸系樹脂(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯等)、聚醚醯亞胺樹脂、聚碸樹脂、聚醚碸樹脂、聚酮樹脂、聚醚酮樹脂、聚醚醚酮樹脂、聚芳酯樹脂、聚 醚腈樹脂、氯乙烯樹脂、ABS樹脂及氟樹脂等。
上述聚烯烴樹脂之例包含:乙烯系聚合物、丙烯系聚合物、丁烯系聚合物及4-甲基-1-戊烯系聚合物等。
上述聚醯胺樹脂之例包含:脂肪族聚醯胺樹脂(尼龍6、尼龍11、尼龍12、尼龍66、尼龍610及尼龍612等)、半芳香族聚醯胺樹脂(尼龍6T、尼龍6I及尼龍9T等)及全芳香族聚醯胺樹脂。
上述聚酯樹脂之例包含:聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚對苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚對苯二甲酸丙二酯及聚萘二甲酸乙二酯等。
上述熱固性樹脂之例包含:環氧樹脂、酚樹脂、三聚氰胺樹脂、尿素樹脂、鄰苯二甲酸二烯丙酯樹脂、聚矽氧樹脂、聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂、呋喃樹脂、酮樹脂、二甲苯樹脂、熱固性聚醯亞胺樹脂、不飽和聚酯樹脂及對苯二甲酸二烯丙酯樹脂等。
再者,就使融黏薄膜狀成形體而成之表面層更加難以自樹脂成形體剝離之觀點而言,構成中間成形體之樹脂組成物與構成薄膜狀成形體之樹脂組成物較佳為包含同種樹脂。例如,中間成形體為包含聚醯胺樹脂之成形體時,薄膜狀成形體亦較佳為包含聚醯胺樹脂之成形體。
又,中間成形體為包含聚烯烴樹脂之成形體時,薄膜狀成形體亦較佳為包含聚烯烴樹脂之成形體。進而,中間成形體為包含乙烯系聚合物之成形體時,薄膜狀成形體亦較佳為包含乙烯系聚合物之成形體,中間成形體為包含丙烯系聚合物之成形體時,薄膜狀成形體亦較佳為包含丙烯系聚合物之成形體。
1-2-2-1.聚烯烴樹脂
就剛性優異,容易再利用,且能夠高速成型之觀點而言,熱塑性樹脂組成物較佳為包含聚烯烴樹脂,更佳為包含丙烯系聚合物。
作為上述基質樹脂之丙烯系聚合物可為未改質之丙烯系共聚合物,亦可為藉由改質等方法包含羧酸結構或羧酸鹽結構之丙烯系樹脂。就抑制利用雷射進行熔接時強化纖維與丙烯系聚合物之間之結構變化,而進一步提高熔接後之薄膜狀成形體之強度之觀點而言,作為上述基質樹脂之丙烯系聚合物較佳為包含未改質之丙烯系共聚合物及上述經改質之丙烯系共聚合物兩者。此時,其質量比(未改質體/改質體比)較佳為80/20~99/1,更佳為89/11~99/1,進而較佳為89/11~93/7,特佳為90/10~95/5。
再者,作為上述基質樹脂之丙烯系聚合物可為包含均聚聚丙烯、無規聚丙烯、嵌段聚丙烯、及改質聚丙烯等之公知之丙烯系聚合物。又,作為上述基質樹脂之丙烯系聚合物之立體規則性可為同排,亦可為對排,亦可為雜排,但較佳為同排或對排。
作為上述基質樹脂之丙烯系聚合物之重量平均分子量較佳為50000以上且350000以下,更佳為100000以上且330000以下,進而較佳為150000以上且320000以下。
1-2-2-2.聚醯胺樹脂
就韌性、耐磨耗性、耐熱性、耐油性及耐衝擊性優異之觀點而言,熱塑性樹脂組成物較佳為包含聚醯胺樹脂。
上述聚醯胺樹脂之例包含:聚醯胺4(聚α-吡咯啶酮)、聚醯胺6(聚己醯胺)、聚醯胺11(聚十一烷醯胺)、聚醯胺12(聚十二烷醯胺)、聚醯胺46(聚己二醯丁二胺)、聚醯胺56(聚己二醯戊二胺)、 聚醯胺66(聚己二醯己二胺)、聚醯胺610(聚癸二醯己二胺)、聚醯胺612(聚十二烷二醯己二胺)、聚醯胺116(聚己二醯十一亞甲基二胺)、聚醯胺TMHT(三甲基六亞甲基對苯二甲醯胺)、聚醯胺6T(聚六亞甲基對苯二甲醯胺)、聚醯胺2Me-5T(聚2-甲基五亞甲基對苯二甲醯胺)、聚醯胺9T(聚九亞甲基對苯二甲醯胺)、2Me-8T(聚2-甲基八亞甲基對苯二甲醯胺)、聚醯胺6I(聚六亞甲基異鄰苯二甲醯胺)、聚醯胺6C(聚六亞甲基環己烷二甲醯胺)、聚醯胺2Me-5C(聚2-甲基五亞甲基環己烷二甲醯胺)、聚醯胺9C(聚九亞甲基環己烷二甲醯胺)、2Me-8C(聚2-甲基八亞甲基環己烷二甲醯胺)、聚醯胺PACM12(聚雙(4-胺基環己基)甲烷十二烷二醯胺)、聚醯胺二甲基PACM12(聚雙(3-甲基-胺基環己基)甲烷十二烷二醯胺、聚醯胺MXD6(聚己二醯間苯二甲胺)、聚醯胺10T(聚十亞甲基對苯二甲醯胺)、聚醯胺11T(聚十一亞甲基對苯二甲醯胺)、聚醯胺12T(聚十二亞甲基對苯二甲醯胺)、聚醯胺10C(聚十亞甲基環己烷二甲醯胺)、聚醯胺11C(聚十一亞甲基環己烷二甲醯胺)、及聚醯胺12C(聚十二亞甲基環己烷二甲醯胺)等(其中,「Me」表示甲基)。
該等聚醯胺系樹脂中,較佳為聚醯胺6、聚醯胺12、聚醯胺66、聚醯胺11、及芳香族系聚醯胺,更佳為聚醯胺6及聚醯胺12。
再者,就使利用雷射之融黏變得容易,且容易成形薄膜狀成形體之觀點而言,上述聚醯胺樹脂較佳為利用示差掃描熱量計(DSC)所測得之熔點(Tm)或玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)為30℃以上且350℃以下,更佳為30℃以上且230℃以下,進而較佳為30℃以上且180℃以下。
就進一步提高薄膜狀成形體之機械強度之觀點而言,上述聚醯胺樹脂之重量平均分子量(Mw)較佳為10000以上且20000以下,更佳為10000以上且18000以下,進而較佳為10500以上且17000以下。
就使基質樹脂更加容易含浸於強化纖維之觀點而言,上述聚醯胺樹脂之數量平均分子量(Mn)較佳為2000以上且10000以下,更佳為2500以上且8000以下,進而較佳為2800以上且7600以下。
就兼顧薄膜狀成形體之機械強度與基質樹脂含浸於強化纖維之容易性之觀點而言,上述聚醯胺樹脂之重量平均分子量與數量平均分子量之比(Mw/Mn)較佳為2.00以上且5.00以下,更佳為2.10以上且4.00以下,進而較佳為2.15以上且3.80以下。
再者,上述重量平均分子量(Mw)及數量平均分子量(Mn)係藉由凝膠滲透層析法(GPC)所測定且以苯乙烯換算所算出之值。
又,上述聚醯胺樹脂之依據ASTM D1238且於溫度230℃、負重2.16kg下所測得之熔融流動速率(MFR)較佳為100g/10min以上且350g/10min以下,更佳為100g/10min以上且320g/10min以下,進而較佳為100g/10min以上且230g/10min以下。若上述聚醯胺樹脂之MFR為上述範圍,則可使基質樹脂更加容易地含浸於強化纖維,且使基質樹脂容易填埋藉由雷射融黏時構成粗糙表面之凹凸之間隙,而使樹脂成形體之表面更加平滑,且使由薄膜狀成形體形成之樹脂成形體之表面層之剝離更加不易產生。
就進一步提高對碳纖維之黏著性之觀點而言,上述聚 醯胺樹脂較佳為末端羧酸基量為65mmol/kg以上且100mmol/kg以下,更佳為68mmol/kg以上且95mmol/kg以下,進而較佳為68mmol/kg以上且85mmol/kg以下,特佳為68mmol/kg以上且75mmol/kg以下。
又,就進一步提高對碳纖維之黏著性之觀點而言,上述聚醯胺樹脂較佳為末端胺基量為5mmol/kg以上且50mmol/kg以下。
1-2-3.強化纖維
上述強化纖維,係為了提高由樹脂組成物所成形之成形體之強度而調配於該樹脂組成物中之纖維狀物質。上述強化纖維之例包含:碳纖維、玻璃纖維、芳香族聚醯胺纖維、碳化矽纖維、硼纖維、金屬纖維、金屬氧化物纖維(氧化鋁纖維等)、MOS-HIGE(鹼性硫酸鎂無機纖維)、及碳酸鈣晶鬚等。該等中,較佳為碳纖維及玻璃纖維,更佳為碳纖維。
強化纖維之平均纖維直徑較佳為1μm以上且20μm以下,更佳為3μm以上且15μm以下。若上述平均纖維直徑為3μm以上,則對強化纖維進行集束時等僅收束更少量之強化纖維即可,因此可提高樹脂組成物之生產性。又,若上述平均纖維直徑為1μm以上,則強化纖維不易破損,因此可進一步提高射出成形體之強度。若上述平均纖維直徑為20μm以下,則可更加容易地提高強化纖維之縱橫比,而抑制射出成形體之強度降低。
關於強化纖維,典型而言,成為集束而成之纖維束,單向排列並包含於薄膜狀成形體中。各束中所包含之纖維之數量並 無特別限定,但較佳為100條以上且350,000條以下,更佳為1,000條以上且250,000條以下,進而較佳為5,000條以上且220,000條以下。
上述碳纖維之種類並無特別限定,可使用聚丙烯腈(PAN)系、嫘縈系、聚乙烯醇系、再生纖維素、由介相瀝青所製造之瀝青系等之各種碳纖維。該等中,就強度更高且更加輕量之方面而言,較佳為PAN系、嫘縈系及瀝青系之碳纖維。
再者,視樹脂成形體之用途,可利用鎳、銅及鐿等導電性材料被覆碳纖維。
碳纖維之環氧基含量較佳為0.1質量%以上且10質量%以下,更佳為0.5質量%以上且9質量%以下。
碳纖維例如可藉由使用環氧系樹脂作為集束劑,將環氧基含量提高至上述範圍。
碳纖維之拉伸強度較佳為2500MPa以上且6000MPa以下,更佳為3500MPa以上且6000MPa以下,進而較佳為4500MPa以上且6000MPa以下。若上述拉伸強度為2500MPa以上,則可進一步提高射出成形體之機械強度。若上述拉伸強度為6000MPa以下,則射出成形體之成形、特別是擠出及射出成形變得更加容易。
碳纖維較佳為數千條至數萬條左右之單絲纖維(長絲)成束而得之碳纖維束(絲束)。構成1條絲束之長絲之條數可為500條以上且80000條以下,較佳為12000條以上且60000條以下。
碳纖維較佳為其表面實施過氧化蝕刻或被覆等表面處理。氧化蝕刻處理之例包含:空氣氧化處理、氧處理、利用氧化性氣體之處理、利用臭氧之處理、電暈處理、火焰處理、(大氣壓)電漿處理、以及利用氧化性液體(硝酸、次氯酸鹼金屬鹽之水溶液、 重鉻酸鉀-硫酸、及過錳酸鉀-硫酸)之處理等。被覆碳纖維之物質之例包含:碳、碳化矽、二氧化矽、矽、電漿單體、二茂鐵、及三氯化鐵等。又,視需要,亦可使用胺基甲酸酯系、烯烴系、丙烯酸系、尼龍系、丁二烯系及環氧系等之上漿劑。
關於上述上漿劑,例如於基質樹脂為上述聚烯烴樹脂(特別是上述丙烯系聚合物)時,較佳為丙烯系聚合物,於基質樹脂為上述聚醯胺樹脂時,較佳為環氧系樹脂。
1-2-3-1.丙烯系聚合物
作為上述上漿劑之丙烯系聚合物進而較佳為包含丙烯系聚合物(A1)與酸改質聚烯烴系樹脂(A2)。
丙烯系聚合物(A1)可為丙烯均聚合物,亦可為丙烯與其他α-烯烴之共聚合物。丙烯系聚合物(A1)可包含具有大致單一之組成比及結構之1種聚合物,亦可為組成比及結構等不同之2種以上之聚合物之組合。該等聚合物中,丙烯系聚合物(A1)更佳為選自丙烯均聚合物、丙烯-乙烯嵌段共聚合物、及乙烯含量為5質量%以下之丙烯-乙烯無規共聚合物中之一種以上之丙烯系聚合物。
丙烯系聚合物(A1)可包含重量平均分子量(Mw)不同之2種丙烯系聚合物。再者,此時,上述2種丙烯系聚合物中,Mw更大之丙烯系聚合物(以下,亦僅稱為「PP(A1)-1」)之Mw為50,000以上,Mw更小之丙烯系聚合物(以下,亦僅稱為「PP(A1)-2」)之Mw為100,000以下。
PP(A1)-1之Mw較佳為70,000以上,更佳為100,000以上。又,就使自噴嘴之擠出容易,或容易藉由雷射照射進行熔融之 觀點而言,PP(A1)-1之Mw較佳為700,000以下,更佳為500,000以下,進而較佳為450,000以下,特佳為400,000以下。
PP(A1)-2之Mw較佳為50,000以下,更佳為40,000以下。又,就提高樹脂成形體之強度且抑制表面之黏膩之觀點而言,PP(A1)-2之Mw較佳為10,000以上,更佳為15,000以上,進而較佳為20,000以上,特佳為25,000以上。
丙烯系聚合物(A1)相對於PP(A1)-1之總質量與PP(A1)-2之總質量之合計量,PP(A1)-1之總質量之比例為60質量%以上且未滿100質量%,PP(A1)-2之總質量之比例多於0質量%且為40質量%以下。上述PP(A1)-1之總質量之比例較佳為多於70質量%且未滿100質量%,更佳為多於73質量%且未滿100質量%。上述PP(A1)-2之總質量之比例較佳為多於0質量%且未滿30質量%,更佳為多於0質量%且未滿27質量%。
酸改質聚烯烴系樹脂(A2)係聚烯烴系聚合物經酸等改質而成之改質體。上述酸並無特別限定,但較佳為不飽和羧酸及其衍生物等。
酸改質聚烯烴系樹脂(A2)可進一步提高熱塑性樹脂組成物對碳纖維之界面黏著性,而更加充分地發揮利用碳纖維所得之熱塑性樹脂組成物之補強效果。
上述改質所使用之不飽和羧酸之例包含:丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、馬來酸、富馬酸、四氫富馬酸、伊康酸、丁烯酸、檸康酸、丁烯酸、異丁烯酸、己二烯酸、中康酸、及白芷酸等。上述衍生物之例包含:該等不飽和羧酸之酸酐、酯、醯胺、醯亞胺、及金屬鹽等。上述衍生物之具體例包含:馬來酸酐、伊康酸酐、檸康酸 酐、丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、馬來酸乙酯、丙烯醯胺、馬來酸醯胺、丙烯酸鈉、及甲基丙烯酸鈉等。該等中,較佳為不飽和二羧酸及其衍生物,更佳為馬來酸及馬來酸酐。酸改質聚烯烴系樹脂(A2)可為利用1種酸所得之改質體或其衍生物,亦可為利用2種以上之酸所得之改質體或其衍生物。
酸改質聚烯烴系樹脂(A2)較佳為酸改質丙烯系聚合物及酸改質乙烯系聚合物,更佳為馬來酸改質丙烯系聚合物及馬來酸改質乙烯系聚合物,進而較佳為馬來酸改質丙烯系聚合物。
1-2-3-2.環氧系樹脂
作為上述上漿劑之環氧系樹脂只要為通常用作上漿劑之環氧系樹脂即可。該等環氧系樹脂較佳為雙酚A型環氧樹脂、雙酚F型環氧樹脂、脂肪族環氧樹脂、及酚系酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂等多官能環氧系樹脂,就進一步提高對聚醯胺樹脂之黏著性之觀點而言,更佳為脂肪族環氧樹脂。脂肪族環氧樹脂由於具有柔軟之骨架,故而即便交聯密度較高韌性亦容易變高。因此,脂肪族環氧樹脂良好地抑制強化纖維與基質樹脂之間之剝離,而容易提高薄膜狀成形體之強度。
脂肪族環氧樹脂之例包含:包含乙二醇二環氧丙基醚、聚乙二醇二環氧丙基醚、丙二醇二環氧丙基醚、聚丙二醇二環氧丙基醚、1,4-丁二醇二環氧丙基醚、新戊二醇二環氧丙基醚、聚四亞甲基二醇二環氧丙基醚、及聚伸烷基二醇二環氧丙基醚等之二環氧丙基醚化合物;及包含丙三醇聚環氧丙基醚、二丙三醇聚環氧 丙基醚、聚丙三醇聚環氧丙基醚、山梨糖醇聚環氧丙基醚、阿拉伯糖醇聚環氧丙基醚、三羥甲基丙烷聚環氧丙基醚、季戊四醇聚環氧丙基醚、及脂肪族多元醇之聚環氧丙基醚等之聚環氧丙基醚化合物等。
該等中,較佳為具有大量反應性較高之環氧丙基之聚環氧丙基醚化合物,進而較佳為丙三醇聚環氧丙基醚、二丙三醇聚環氧丙基醚、聚乙二醇環氧丙基醚、及聚丙二醇環氧丙基醚。
1-2-4.顏料及染料
薄膜狀成形體可包含顏料及/或染料。顏料及染料之例包含公知之色素。於強化纖維為玻璃纖維等無色之纖維之情形時,就使之後步驟中之利用雷射之照射時與中間成形體之融黏容易之觀點而言,上述顏料及染料較佳為與上述所照射之雷射之波長相同波長之吸光度更大之顏料及染料。具體而言,作為顏料及染料,較佳為吸收極大波長為300nm以上且3000nm以下之顏料及染料,更佳為吸收極大波長為500nm以上且2000nm以下之顏料及染料,進而較佳為吸收極大波長為700nm以上且1500nm以下之顏料及染料。反之,就使雷射之波長之選擇更加自由之觀點而言,上述顏料及染料較佳為可吸收更廣範圍之波長之顏料及染料(或其組合),具體而言,較佳為黑色系之顏料及染料(或其組合),更佳為包含碳系顏料,進而較佳為包含碳黑。
顏料及染料之含量只要為充分提高薄膜狀成形體之雷射之吸收,且不會對薄膜狀成形體及樹脂成形體之強度等其他特性造成顯著影響之程度即可。例如,作為上述添加劑之碳黑之含量 較佳為相對於薄膜狀成形體之總質量為0.01質量%以上且5質量%以下,更佳為0.1質量%以上且3質量%以下,進而較佳為0.1質量%以上且2質量%以下。
1-2-5.薄膜狀成形體之融黏
上述薄膜狀成形體可藉由使用雷射之公知之融黏方法融黏於中間成形體之粗糙表面。
圖3係表示使用融黏裝置之薄膜狀成形體之融黏方法之一例之模式圖,該融黏裝置用於藉由雷射之照射使帶狀之薄膜狀成形體融黏於中間成形體之粗糙表面。再者,圖3示出了藉由雷射之照射使帶狀之薄膜狀成形體融黏於藉由MEX法所造形之中間成形體之粗糙表面之狀況,但亦可藉由雷射之照射同樣地使帶狀之薄膜狀成形體融黏於藉由PBF法等其他附加造形方法所造形之中間成形體之粗糙表面。
融黏裝置300具有:收容部310,其可抽出地收容捲繞成卷狀之薄膜狀成形體380;導輥320a及320b,其等支持自收容部310抽出之薄膜狀成形體380並將之引導至中間成形體390;雷射振盪源332;雷射照射部334,其係向供接合之薄膜狀成形體380及中間成形體390之至少一者照射自雷射振盪源332振盪之雷射之物鏡單元;及按壓輥340,其將配置於中間成形體390之粗糙表面395之薄膜狀成形體380向中間成形體390按壓。於本實施形態中,融黏裝置300具有安裝導輥320a及320b、雷射照射部334及按壓輥340而一體化而成之融黏單元350。又,融黏裝置300具有保持中間成形體390之保持載台360。融黏裝置300藉由使融黏單元350及保持載台360之 至少一者移動,而能夠使供接合薄膜狀成形體380之位置相對於中間成形體390之粗糙表面395移動。
收容部310收容捲繞成卷狀之薄膜狀成形體380,且於使薄膜狀成形體380融黏於中間成形體390時將其抽出。薄膜狀成形體380之抽出速度(薄膜狀成形體380之移動速度)只要為可藉由雷射之照射充分地融黏於中間成形體390之速度即可,例如,可自10m/分鐘以上且100m/分鐘以下之範圍中進行選擇,較佳為自30m/分鐘以上且90m/分鐘以下之範圍中進行選擇。
導輥320a及320b係與將收容部310與供融黏薄膜狀成形體380之中間成形體390之粗糙表面395連接之薄膜狀成形體380之移動路徑接觸配置,於施加有張力之狀態下支持於上述移動路徑移動之薄膜狀成形體380並將其引導至中間成形體390。
雷射振盪源332係使照射至薄膜狀成形體380及中間成形體390之至少一者之雷射振盪。
雷射振盪源332之種類並無特別限定,可適宜地自下述雷射中進行選擇:包含紅寶石雷射、釔鋁石榴石(YAG,Yttrium Aluminium Garnet)雷射、摻釹釔鋁石榴石(Nd:YAG,Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet)雷射、及二極體-激發固體雷射之固體雷射;包含染料雷射之液體雷射;包含CO2雷射之氣體雷射;及半導體雷射等。
上述雷射具有使構成薄膜狀成形體380及中間成形體390之至少一者之樹脂組成物熔融,另一方面,不會產生上述樹脂組成物之劣化及變形等之程度之能量即可。例如,上述雷射之功率可自50W以上且5kW以下之範圍中進行選擇。
又,上述雷射較佳為具有構成薄膜狀成形體380及中間成形體390之至少一者之樹脂組成物會吸收之波長。例如,上述雷射之波長可自300nm以上且3000nm以下之範圍中進行選擇。
雷射照射部334藉由光纖等與雷射振盪源332可導光地連接,將雷射振盪源332所振盪之雷射一面藉由物鏡聚集一面射出。具體而言,雷射照射部334係以如下方式射出上述雷射:於移動之薄膜狀成形體380與中間成形體390即將接觸之前、或接觸時向薄膜狀成形體380及中間成形體390之至少一者照射雷射。更具體而言,雷射照射部334係以如下方式射出雷射:於藉由按壓輥340按壓至少與中間成形體390接觸之薄膜狀成形體380時,照射到雷射之薄膜狀成形體380及中間成形體390之至少一者熔融。
按壓輥340將與中間成形體390接觸並配置於中間成形體390之粗糙表面395之薄膜狀成形體380向中間成形體390按壓。於薄膜狀成形體380及中間成形體390之至少一者熔融之狀態下,將薄膜狀成形體380向中間成形體390按壓,藉此薄膜狀成形體380與中間成形體390融黏。
融黏單元350保持導輥320a及320b、雷射照射部334及按壓輥340。融黏單元350例如亦以如下方式構成:將上述各構成部收容於機械臂之內部,藉由機械臂之垂直移動、平行移動或旋轉移動,可相對於中間成形體390之表面來調整使薄膜狀成形體380融黏之位置。
保持載台360保持中間成形體390。保持載台360例如可為旋轉並保持中間成形體390之心軸。
於本實施形態中,融黏裝置300具有使保持載台360 及融黏單元350之至少一者移動之移動部(未圖示)。移動部可藉由使保持載台360及融黏單元350之至少一者進行垂直移動、平行移動或旋轉移動,而以與薄膜狀成形體380之移動速度大致相同之速度改變薄膜狀成形體380與中間成形體390之相對位置,使供接合薄膜狀成形體380之位置相對於中間成形體390之粗糙表面395移動。移動部使上述供接合之位置移動,並且融黏單元350使薄膜狀成形體380沿粗糙表面395融黏,藉此製作薄膜狀成形體380融黏於中間成形體390之粗糙表面395而成之樹脂成形體。
再者,融黏裝置300不僅可使薄膜狀成形體380融黏於中間成形體390之粗糙表面395,亦可使薄膜狀成形體380融黏於不滿足上述最大凸出高度(Rp)或最大凹陷深度(Rv)之要件之中間成形體390之表面。藉此,可獲得表面之粗度更加均勻之樹脂成形體。
又,融黏裝置300可使薄膜狀成形體380進一步融黏於已融黏於中間成形體390之粗糙表面395或不滿足上述最大凸出高度(Rp)或最大凹陷深度(Rv)之要件之表面之薄膜狀成形體380之表面,而形成薄膜狀成形體380之複數層。藉此,可獲得進一步提高了表面之強度之樹脂成形體。
此時,對中間成形體390之表面融黏薄膜狀成形體380之朝向並無特別限定。使薄膜狀成形體380融黏於複數層時,融黏裝置300可以形成如配向有強化纖維之朝向相同之層之組合之方式於層間對齊,使薄膜狀成形體380融黏之朝向,亦可以形成如配向有強化纖維之朝向不同之層之組合的方式,於層間改變使薄膜狀成形體380融黏之朝向。就將樹脂成形體之彎曲容易性及耐壓縮性一起提高之觀點而言,融黏裝置300較佳為以形成如相鄰2層中之配向 有強化纖維之朝向不同之層之組合的方式,改變形成各層時之使薄膜狀成形體380融黏之朝向。
2.樹脂成形體
圖4A係表示本發明之一實施形態之用於製造樹脂成形體之中間成形體之截面形狀的模式圖,圖4B及圖4C係表示使用圖4A所示之中間成形體並藉由上述方法所製造之樹脂成形體之截面形狀的模式圖。再者,圖4A~圖4C表示藉由MEX法所造形之中間成形體、及使帶狀之薄膜狀成形體融黏於該中間成形體之粗糙表面而成之樹脂成形體之剖面圖,但即便於藉由雷射之照射使帶狀之薄膜狀成形體,融黏於藉由PBF法等其他附加造形方法所造形之中間成形體之粗糙表面而製造樹脂成形體時,所製造之樹脂成形體之剖面圖亦除中間層之內部構成以外與圖4B及圖4C大致相同。
如圖4A所示,中間成形體390具有粗糙表面395。並且,如圖4B及圖4C所示,使薄膜狀成形體融黏於中間成形體390之粗糙表面395並藉由上述方法所製造之樹脂成形體400具有源自中間成形體390之內部層410、及源自上述薄膜狀成形體之表面層420。中間成形體之粗糙表面395藉由如下方式平坦化:藉由雷射照射部334之雷射照射而熔融,於融黏薄膜狀成形體380之同時發揮利用按壓輥340之壓縮力。再者,圖4B表示經融黏之薄膜狀成形體之層數為1層之狀態,圖4C表示經融黏之薄膜狀成形體之層數為複數層之狀態。如圖4B所示,以如下方式進一步平坦化:不僅藉由對已融黏之薄膜狀成形體之表面層420進行雷射照射而使420再次熔融,而且由於為薄膜狀故而粗糙表面395亦再次熔融而於融黏第2層 之薄膜狀成形體380之同時發揮利用按壓輥340之壓縮力。如圖4C所示般積層2層且越積層更多之層,表面層420之外表面越平坦。
內部層410係構成樹脂成形體之內部之層。例如藉由MEX法造形出中間成形體時,內部層410係樹脂組成物之薄層於層間融黏並積層而成之層。又,藉由PBF法造形出中間成形體時,內部層410係樹脂組成物之粒子於粒子間燒結或融黏而成之層。
表面層420係融黏於內部層410且相較於樹脂成形體之內部層410配置於外表面側之包含經排列之強化纖維之層。表面層420係配置於被覆中間成形體所具有之粗糙表面之位置。例如,於內部層410係源自藉由MEX法所造形之中間成形體時,表面層420係與構成內部層410之所積層之複數層接觸配置。又,於內部層410係源自藉由PBF法所造形之中間成形體時,表面層420係與構成內部層410之所燒結或融黏之數個粒子接觸配置。
於表面層420中,上述強化纖維成為單向排列並集束而成之纖維束,且沿融黏薄膜狀成形體之方向延伸。典型而言,表面層420包含源自融黏之薄膜狀成形體之數個纖維束。使薄膜狀成形體進一步融黏於已融黏之薄膜狀成形體之表面時等等,表面層420可包含於表面層420之內部自與內部層410之邊界向樹脂成形體400之外部(表面)積層之複數層。此時,上述複數層各者可包含於平面方向上擴散之數個纖維束。又,上述複數層之排列構成纖維束之強化纖維之朝向可每層不同。
由圖4A~圖4C可知,中間成形體390之粗糙表面395因與薄膜狀成形體熔接時之熔融,而以其最大凸出高度(Rp)及最大凹陷深度(Rv)變小之方式變形。即,圖4A所示之中間成形體390之 粗糙表面395所具有之凹凸之大小(圖4A之A-A)藉由薄膜狀成形體之融黏而減小,如圖4B所示,樹脂成形體400所具有之內部層410與表面層420之界面中之凹凸之大小進一步變小(圖4B之B-B)。並且,若進一步增加融黏之薄膜狀成形體380之層,則樹脂成形體400所具有之內部層410與表面層420之界面中之凹凸之大小進一步變小(圖4C之C-C)。
如此,認為藉由使薄膜狀成形體熔接於中間成形體390,使粗糙表面395熔融及變形,而薄膜狀成形體可浸入至粗糙表面395所具有之凹陷之底部。由此,認為中間成形體390與薄膜狀成形體相互更好地熔融且無間隙地接合,而更牢固地黏著。
又,樹脂成形體400由於內部層410與表面層420之界面經熔融狀態而固化,故而完全融黏。因此,樹脂成形體400之內部層410與表面層420難以剝離,且源自上述薄膜狀成形體之表面層420之45°剝離試驗中之剝離強度為4000N/m以上。
關於剝離強度,只要於對各中間成形體進行帶鋪放時,不熔接端部而使其殘留,固持於測定裝置而進行試驗即可。於熔接至端部之情形時,只要小心地剝離端部,將所剝離之部分固持於測定裝置而進行試驗即可。
[實施例]
以下,參照實施例,對本發明進一步具體地進行說明,但本發明之範圍並不限定於實施例之記載。
1.中間成形體之製作
1-1.藉由MEX法製作中間成形體
將60質量份之丙烯聚合物(Prime Polymer公司製造、R350G)、35質量份之玻璃纖維之切股(日本電氣硝子公司製造、HP3273)、5質量份之熱塑性彈性體(三井化學公司製造、A1040S、α-烯烴系之無規共聚合物)、及含有碳黑之母料(DIC股份有限公司製造之PEONY BLACK BMB-16117:碳黑含量為40%),以碳黑之含量成為樹脂組成物整體之1質量%之方式加以調整而成者,利用雙軸擠出機進行混合,而獲得樹脂組成物。
AFPT公司製造之MEX造形裝置(Robot:IRB 6640-185/2.8(ABB Ltd))之臂係使用擠出機(於Dohle Extrusionstechnik GmbH公司製造之ExOn 8安裝有3mm之噴嘴者),於將上述樹脂組成物加熱至220℃而使其熔融之狀態下自Φ3mm之噴嘴擠出至載台上,製作積層為寬度5mm、長度500mm、高度37.5mm之尺寸之中間成形體F1。噴嘴之移動速度為0.038m/s,擠出機之吐出量為1kg/h,1層之高度為1.5mm,寬度為5mm,且積層數設為25層。
1-2.藉由SLS法製作中間成形體
使用粉碎1-1所記載之樹脂組成物並使其成為平均粒徑為100μm之粉末狀者,使用RICOH AM S5500p作為SLS法之造形裝置,對與中間成形體F1相同形狀之中間成形體S1進行造形。處理溫度設為230°。
2.薄膜狀成形體之製作
(去除上漿劑)
將碳纖維束(三菱麗陽股份有限公司製造、商品名為 PYROFILTR50S12L、長絲數為12000條、線料強度為5000MPa、線料彈性模數為242GPa)浸漬於丙酮中,進行10分鐘超音波處理後,將碳纖維束自丙酮拉出,進而利用丙酮洗淨3次,於室溫下乾燥8小時。
(乳液之製備)
作為丙烯系聚合物(A),使用以GPC所測得之重量平均分子量(Mw)為120,000之不具熔點之丙烯-丁烯-乙烯共聚合物。作為丙烯系聚合物(B),使用將96質量份之丙烯-丁烯共聚合物、4質量份之馬來酸酐、及作為聚合起始劑之0.4質量份之日油股份有限公司製造之Perhexa 25B(「Perhexa」為同一公司之註冊商標)加以混合,並以加熱溫度160℃、2小時進行改質所獲得之馬來酸酐改質丙烯系聚合物(重量平均分子量(Mw)=27,000、酸值:45mg-KOH/g、馬來酸酐含有率:4質量%、熔點:140℃)。將100質量份之丙烯系聚合物(A)、10質量份之丙烯系聚合物(B)及作為界面活性劑之3質量份之油酸鉀加以混合而獲得混合物。由雙軸螺桿擠出機(池貝鐵工股份有限公司製造、PCM-30、L/D=40)之料斗以3000g/小時之速度供給上述混合物,由同一擠出機之排氣孔部所設置之供給口,一面以90g/小時之比例連續供給20%之氫氧化鉀水溶液,一面於加熱溫度210℃下連續擠出。利用同一擠出機口所設置之附套管之靜態混合器將所擠出之樹脂混合物冷卻至110℃,進而投入至80℃之溫水中,獲得固形份濃度為45%之乳液。
(強化纖維束之製作)
使用輥含浸法,使上述乳液附著於去除了上漿劑之上述碳纖維束。繼而,於線上於130℃下乾燥2分鐘而去除低沸點成分,獲得強化纖維束。乳液之附著量為0.87%。強化纖維束之起毛性合格。
(纖維強化樹脂片之製作)
製備包含57質量份之上述強化纖維束與43質量份之基質樹脂之樹脂組成物。上述基質樹脂包含未改質之丙烯樹脂(Prime Polymer Co.,Ltd.製造、Prime Polypro J106MG、熔點為160℃)與接枝0.5質量%之馬來酸酐而得之改質聚丙烯(依據ASTM D1238且於190℃、負重2.16kg下所測得之熔融流動速率為9.1g/10分鐘、熔點為155℃)。製備上述基質樹脂所使用之上述未改質之丙烯樹脂與上述改質聚丙烯之質量比(未改質之丙烯樹脂/改質聚丙烯)為90/10。又,上述基質樹脂之熔點為160℃。由上述基質樹脂,藉由常規方法製成纖維單向配向之纖維強化樹脂片(以下,亦稱為單向性片材)。
具體而言,對上述強化纖維束進行開纖並加熱,藉由T字模將上述經加熱之強化纖維束與藉由擠出機熔融之上述基質樹脂成形為膜狀,夾於脫模紙中並利用加壓輥進行加熱及加壓而使上述基質樹脂含浸於強化纖維束中,其後,進行冷卻及固化,獲得單向性片材。擠出機及T字模之溫度設為250℃,加壓輥之溫度設為275℃。所獲得之單向性片材係厚度為130μm,纖維體積分率Vf為0.4。
(帶狀之薄膜狀成形體之製作)
以成為寬度12mm之方式將上述單向性片材於上述碳纖維之排列方向上進行切割,獲得帶狀之薄膜狀成形體。
3.樹脂成形體之製作(帶鋪放成形)
使用雷射融黏裝置(AFPT公司製造、STWH INB),使上述帶狀之薄膜狀成形體以單層或複數層融黏於上述中間成形體之表面,獲得樹脂成形體。此時之雷射之波長為960~1070nm,頭部之移動速度設為0.5m/秒,設定溫度設為230℃。此時,關於帶之貼合方向,對於中間成形體之側周面,以與側周面之圓周方向平行之方式進行貼合,對於上表面及下表面,以與長度方向平行之方式進行貼合。
使薄膜狀成形體以單層熔接於中間成形體F1之整個表面,獲得樹脂成形體F1。
使薄膜狀成形體以2層熔接於中間成形體F1之整個表面,獲得樹脂成形體F2。
使薄膜狀成形體以單層熔接於中間成形體S1之整個表面,獲得樹脂成形體S1。
4.測定及評價
利用以下之方法對上述樹脂成形體之表面粗度、剝離強度及界面形狀進行測定。
4-1.表面粗度
使用東京精密股份有限公司製造之表面粗度試驗機Surfcom 1400,依據JIS B 0601(2013年),於以下之條件下對中間成形體F1、樹脂成形體F1、樹脂成形體F2、中間成形體S1、及樹脂成形體F2之算術平均粗度(Ra)、最大凸出高度(Rp)、及最大凹陷高度(Rv)進 行測定。
接觸針式:使用前端半徑為5μm之探針
長度:12.5mm
截止:2.5mm
速度:0.15mm/s
4-2.剝離強度
對各中間成形體進行帶鋪放時,不將上述帶狀之薄膜狀成形體之端部熔接於200mm中間成形體而使其殘留,製造樹脂成形體。將樹脂成形體之經帶鋪放之面設為上表面,固定下表面,將帶前端安裝於彈簧秤並以45°之角度進行拉伸,記錄強制剝離薄膜狀成形體時之負重,以剝離面之寬度對平均剝離力進行標準化,藉此測定剝離強度(N/m)。
4-3.彎曲強度
將中間成形體F1、樹脂成形體F1、樹脂成形體F2、中間成形體S1、及樹脂成形體F2切割為長度51mm、高度13mm,製成試驗片。
依據ASTM D790並視試驗片厚度,於試驗速度1.2~1.3mm/分鐘、跨距44~46mm之條件下測定彎曲強度(MPa)。
4-4.彎曲彈性模數
依據ASTM D790並視試驗片厚度,於試驗速度1.2~1.3mm/分鐘、跨距44~46mm之條件下測定彎曲彈性模數(MPa)。
將結果示於表1。
[表1]
Figure 108147889-A0101-12-0038-1
藉由利用雷射之照射使包含單向排列之強化纖維之樹脂組成物之薄膜狀成形體融黏於具有依據JIS B 0601所測定之最大凸出高度(Rp)為10μm以上且5000μm以下、或依據JIS B 0601所測定之最大凹陷深度(Rv)為10μm以上且5000μm以下之粗糙表面之樹脂組成物之中間成形體之上述粗糙表面,藉此可製作具有更加平滑之表面之樹脂成形體。
本申請係主張基於2018年12月28日申請之日本申請編號2018-248105號之優先權之申請,該申請之申請專利範圍、說明書及圖式所記載之內容被援引於本申請中。
(產業上之可利用性)
根據本發明之樹脂成形體之製造方法,可不論用於製造樹脂成形體之附加造形方法之種類,而消除藉由附加造形方法所造形之造形體所特有之表面之凹凸,獲得具有更加光滑之表面之樹脂成形體。因此,本發明之樹脂成形體之製造方法有望擴大可使用藉由附加造形方法所造形之造形物之範圍,有助於該領域之進一步普及。
300:融黏裝置
310:收容部
320a、320b:導輥
332:雷射振盪源
334:雷射照射部
340:按壓輥
350:融黏單元
360:保持載台
380:薄膜狀成形體
390:中間成形體
395:粗糙表面

Claims (14)

  1. 一種樹脂成形體之製造方法,其係使薄膜狀成形體融黏於樹脂組成物之中間成形體者,其中,
    上述中間成形體係具有依據JIS B 0601所測定之最大凸出高度(Rp)為10μm以上且5000μm以下、或依據JIS B 0601所測定之最大凹陷深度(Rv)為10μm以上且5000μm以下之粗糙表面的樹脂組成物之中間成形體,且
    上述薄膜狀成形體係包含單向排列之強化纖維的樹脂組成物之薄膜狀成形體,
    上述薄膜狀成形體藉由利用雷射之照射融黏於上述中間成形體之上述粗糙表面。
  2. 如請求項1之樹脂成形體之製造方法,其中,上述中間成形體係包含熱塑性樹脂之樹脂組成物之成形體。
  3. 如請求項2之樹脂成形體之製造方法,其中,上述熱塑性樹脂包含丙烯系聚合物。
  4. 如請求項2之樹脂成形體之製造方法,其中,上述熱塑性樹脂包含丙烯系聚合物及α-烯烴系聚合物(其中,丙烯系聚合物除外)。
  5. 如請求項1或2之樹脂成形體之製造方法,其中,上述中間成形體係包含與上述薄膜狀成形體相同種類之樹脂的樹脂組成物之成形體。
  6. 如請求項1或2之樹脂成形體之製造方法,其中,於進行上述融黏時,依將上述中間成形體或上述薄膜狀成形體,加熱至構成上述中間成形體之樹脂組成物及包含上述薄膜狀成形體之 樹脂組成物之至少一者熔融之溫度的條件下,將上述雷射照射至上述中間成形體或上述薄膜狀成形體。
  7. 如請求項1或2之樹脂成形體之製造方法,其中,上述中間成形體係包含色素之樹脂組成物之成形體,該色素係吸收與上述融黏時所照射之雷射之波長相同波長之光。
  8. 如請求項1或2之樹脂成形體之製造方法,其中,上述中間成形體之上述粗糙表面係依據JIS B 0601所測定之最大凸出高度(Rp)為20μm以上且450μm以下、或依據JIS B 0601所測定之最大凹陷深度(Rv)為20μm以上且450μm以下。
  9. 如請求項1或2之樹脂成形體之製造方法,其中,上述中間成形體之上述粗糙表面係依據JIS B 0601所測定之最大凸出高度(Rp)為10μm以上且100μm以下、或依據JIS B 0601所測定之最大凹陷深度(Rv)為10μm以上且100μm以下。
  10. 如請求項1或2之樹脂成形體之製造方法,其中,上述中間成形體之上述粗糙表面係依據JIS B 0601所測定之算術平均粗度Ra為5μm以上且1250μm以下。
  11. 如請求項1或2之樹脂成形體之製造方法,其中,上述中間成形體係藉由附加造形方法所製造之樹脂組成物之成形體。
  12. 如請求項11之樹脂成形體之製造方法,其中,上述中間成形體係藉由材料擠出(MEX)法或粉末床熔融結合(PBF)法所製造之樹脂組成物之成形體。
  13. 一種樹脂成形體,其具有:內部層,其係樹脂組成物之薄層於層間融黏並積層而成、或樹脂組成物之粒子於粒子間燒結或融黏而成;及
    表面層,其與上述所積層之複數層接觸配置、或與上述所燒結或融黏之數個粒子接觸配置,且包含融黏於上述內部層之包含經排列之強化纖維之樹脂組成物。
  14. 如請求項13之樹脂成形體,其中,上述內部層與上述表面層之界面融黏,且45°剝離試驗中之上述表面層之剝離強度為4000N/m以上。
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