TW201934324A - 容許無損傷移除的黏著劑物品 - Google Patents
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- C09J2301/30—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the chemical, physicochemical or physical properties of the adhesive or the carrier
- C09J2301/312—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the chemical, physicochemical or physical properties of the adhesive or the carrier parameters being the characterizing feature
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2400/00—Presence of inorganic and organic materials
- C09J2400/10—Presence of inorganic materials
- C09J2400/14—Glass
- C09J2400/143—Glass in the substrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2400/00—Presence of inorganic and organic materials
- C09J2400/20—Presence of organic materials
- C09J2400/26—Presence of textile or fabric
- C09J2400/263—Presence of textile or fabric in the substrate
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2423/00—Presence of polyolefin
- C09J2423/04—Presence of homo or copolymers of ethene
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- C09J2425/00—Presence of styrenic polymer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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Abstract
本揭露提供黏著劑物品,其可藉由減少或消除一核背襯對在移除期間由該黏著劑所產生的剝離力的貢獻,而從表面移除且不會造成損傷。在一些情況下,此可藉由使一核在法向於由一主表面所界定的一平面的方向上喪失結構完整性來達成。在其他情況下,該貢獻可藉由減少該核與一可剝離黏著劑層之間的界面來減少。
Description
此專利申請案係關於分別於2017年8月25日、2018年1月26日、及2018年8月25日提交,標題各自為「Adhesive Articles Permitting Damage Free Removal」之3M代理案第79768US002號、第79768US003號、及第79768WO004號,並且各自以引用方式全文併入本文中。
本揭露大致上係關於可剝離黏著劑物品,其等能夠附接或黏附至一基材,且其等可自該基材移除而不對該基材造成損傷。本揭露大致上亦關於製作及使用此類黏著劑物品的方法。
革命性的Command® Adhesive Strip產品係一系列的可拉伸移除黏著條(adhesive strip),其強力地固持在各種表面(包括漆料、木材、及瓷磚)上並乾淨地移除-無孔、無痕、或無黏性殘餘物。此等產品大致上所具有之功用在於接合至各種表面或基材以用於眾多應用。
大致上,這些產品包括設置在膠帶或其他背襯上的拉伸離型黏著劑組成物。可拉伸離型的黏著劑係高性能壓敏黏著劑,其兼
備強大的固持力與乾淨的移除並且沒有表面損傷。可拉伸離型黏著劑產品係經設計以牢固地黏附一物品(諸如一鉤(以固持圖畫或衣服物品)或其他裝飾性或實用性元件)至一表面(一黏附體),但以一低角度拉離建築表面時便乾淨地移除。乾淨移除態樣意指在拉伸離型黏著劑移除之後,膠黏性的及/或不雅觀的殘餘物不會留於表面上,並且在移除過程期間該表面沒有發生損傷。在拉伸離型移除之過程期間,隨著背襯經拉伸,黏著劑層一般維持黏附至膠帶背襯但自表面(黏附體)釋離。
近來可剝離黏著劑之技術引入用於安裝之產品中。一些例示性的市售可剝離安裝產品(例如Jimmy HookTM產品、GeckoTechTM產品、Elmer’s FreestyleTM產品、及Hook UmTM產品)依靠吸力技術及摩擦力或乾式黏著劑以產生安裝裝置之固持力。安裝裝置包括一半剛性塑膠背襯及一剛性鉤,其兩者係經整合成一件式物品支撐件。該剛性鉤係永久地附接至該半剛性塑料背襯的一第一主要平坦表面。該背襯之第二主要平坦表面可黏附至一壁表面。該第二主要平坦表面包括一或多種吸力技術(例如眾多微吸力或奈米吸力元件)及/或一摩擦力黏著劑(其中該背襯係以一橡膠基黏著劑浸漬以增加該基材與背襯之間的摩擦力)或乾式黏著劑(其依靠凡得瓦力(van der Waals force))。其後,整個構造可藉由剝離來移除。
現有可剝離黏著劑產品時常無法良好地作用於各種表面上,包括例如塗漆表面及粗糙表面(例如,乾牆(drywall))。此外,現
有可剝離產品可能具有低剪切強度而因此僅能固持很小的重量,或替代地需要大的黏著劑表面積/厚度,此可能造成當此類產品從一黏附體移除時損傷的可能性增加。已嘗試用具有較低勁度(模數)者替換現有背襯以減小移除時之剝離力。例如,柔軟、彈性的背襯已經顯示出導致較低的剝離力,而剝離力與釋離處之黏著劑的可察覺拉伸(應變)相關聯。即使對背襯材料進行了有利的修改,發明人認知到某些脆弱的表面(例如,紙及乾牆)仍會經歷可見的損傷,特別是在已經減弱背襯之拉伸能力的情況下。就此,本揭露之發明者尋求調配可剝離之安裝產品及/或黏著劑物品,其等具有下列中之至少一者:較高的剪切強度、在塗漆或粗糙表面上良好地作用、及/或能夠一致地固持較高重量,全部均不損傷其等所施加至之基材。
本揭露之發明人認知到可藉由減少或消除背襯對黏著劑在移除期間所產生剝離力的貢獻,來改善或增進現有剝離離型黏著劑產品。在一些情況下,此可藉由確保核在法向於由其一主表面所界定之一平面的方向上失去結構完整性來達成。在其他情況下,該貢獻係藉由降低背襯與一可剝離黏著劑層之間的界面來減少。藉由將剝離力與背襯的特性分開,本揭露之黏著劑物品可利用無數的背襯材料及構造而不會有害地影響無損傷可移除性(damage free removability)。在一些情況下,增強的構造允許該黏著劑物品固持更多重量。在一些實施例中,增強的可移除性容許該黏著劑物品在新表面(例如,脆弱的紙)上使用。在一些實施例中,增強的適形性提高或增強在某些表面
(例如粗糙或有紋理的表面,諸如例如壁紙、乾牆等)上的產品性能。
本揭露之發明者還認知到,提供最小地促進在移除期間之剝離離型力的背襯,對於提高該黏著劑物品性能同時增進該產品的無損傷特徵而言係新穎且有效的方法。
在一個態樣中,本揭露提供一種黏著劑物品,其包含一第一可剝離黏著劑層、一第二可剝離黏著劑層、及一離散核,其設置在該第一可剝離黏著劑與第二可剝離黏著劑之間並界定一核平面。當以大於35度的角度移除黏著劑物品時,任一可剝離黏著劑層會從核脫黏(debond)。
在一個態樣中,本揭露提供一種黏著劑物品,其包含:一第一可剝離黏著劑層;一第二可剝離黏著劑層;一離散核,其設置在該第一可剝離黏著劑及該第二可剝離黏著劑之間,並且具有第一主表面及第二主表面,其中該核界定與該第一主表面重合的一核平面;及複數個黏著劑接觸區域,各黏著劑接觸區域在該第一黏著劑層與該第二黏著劑層之間包含一界面。
在另一個態樣中,本揭露提供一種用於將一物體安裝到一表面之黏著劑物品,該物品包含:一第一黏著劑層;一第二黏著劑層;一核,其界定一周緣,該核設置在該第一黏著劑層與該第二黏著劑層之間;及複數個黏著劑接觸區域,其中該等黏著劑接觸區域在該第一黏著劑層與該第二黏著劑層之間包含一界面,並且其中該等黏著劑接觸區域係位於該核之該周緣內。
在另一個態樣中,本揭露提供一種用於安裝到一表面之物體,該物體包含:一耐用品,其具有一第一主表面;一離散核,其界定與該耐用品接觸的一第一表面及與該第一表面相對的一第二表面;及一黏著劑層,其黏合到該耐用品的該第一主表面及該核的該第二表面兩者,其中將該黏著劑從該耐用品移除所需的剝離離型力大於使該黏著劑從該核脫黏所需的剝離離型力或使該核分層脫離(delaminate)所需的剝離力中之至少一者。
在另一個態樣中,本揭露提供一種使用一黏著劑物品之方法,其包含:使本文中所述之任何黏著劑物品與一黏附體表面接觸。
如本文所使用的,「層」是指一單一的層,其可以是在表面上連續或不連續。
如本文中所使用,用語「高度(height)」、「深度(depth)」、「頂部(top)」與「底部(bottom)」係僅用於說明的目的,並且不必然界定表面與侵入式特徵(intrusive feature)之間的關係或定向。因此,用語「高度(height)」與「深度(depth)」,以及「頂部(top)」與「底部(bottom)」應視為可互換的。
在本說明書及申請專利範圍中之用語「包含(comprise)」及其變化形並不具限制意思。
在本發明之實施例中之用語「較佳(preferred)」和「較佳地(preferably)」表示在某些情況下可能可以提供某些效益。然而,其他實施例在相同或其他情況下亦可為較佳的。此外,對於一或多個
較佳實施例之引述並不意味其他實施例非係有用的,也並非意圖將其他實施例從本發明範疇中排除。
如本文中所述,所有數目皆應視為由用語「約(about)」所修飾。
如本文中所使用,「一(a/an)」、「該(the)」、「至少一(at least one)」及「一或多(one or more)」可互換使用。因此,例如,可將包含「一(a)」凹部圖案的核解讀為包含「一或多(one or more)」個圖案的核。
此外在本文中,以端點敘述之數字範圍包括所有歸於該範圍內的數字(例如:1至5包括1、1.5、2、2.75、3、3.80、4、5等等)。
如本文中所使用,用語「大致上(generally)」當作為性質或屬性的修飾詞時,除非另有具體定義,否則意指所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者可輕易辨識該特性或屬性,但是不需要絕對精準或完美匹配(例如,可量化特性之+/-20%之內)。除非另有具體定義,否則用語「實質上(substantially)」意指高度近似(例如,可量化特性之+/-10%之內),但是同樣不需要絕對精準或完美匹配。應了解到,例如相同、等於、一致的、恆定的、絕對的、及類似者之用語在常見公差或測量誤差之內適用於特定情況,而非要求絕對精準或完美匹配的。
以上之本揭露概述並非意欲描述本發明的各揭露實施例或每一個實施方案。以下的描述更具體地例示說明性實施例。在本申請案全文的數個地方透過實例列表來提供指引,該等實例可以各種組
合之方式使用。在各情況中,所引述的列表僅作為代表性群組,且不應將其解讀為詳盡無漏的列表。
100‧‧‧黏著劑物品
105‧‧‧邊界
110‧‧‧核
111‧‧‧第一主表面
112‧‧‧第二主表面
113‧‧‧上邊緣
114‧‧‧下邊緣
115‧‧‧側邊緣
116‧‧‧側邊緣
117‧‧‧周緣
118‧‧‧第一核平面
119‧‧‧第二核平面
120‧‧‧第一核界面
122‧‧‧第二核界面
140‧‧‧黏著劑層/核界面
141‧‧‧主表面
142‧‧‧黏著劑層/核界面
145‧‧‧主表面
150‧‧‧黏著劑界面
180‧‧‧黏附體
190‧‧‧硬膜
200‧‧‧黏著劑物品
210‧‧‧核
211‧‧‧第一主表面
212‧‧‧第二主表面
220‧‧‧第一核界面
222‧‧‧第二核界面
240‧‧‧第一可剝離黏著劑層
242‧‧‧第二可剝離黏著劑層
260‧‧‧背襯
270‧‧‧表層
272‧‧‧表層
300‧‧‧黏著劑物品
310‧‧‧核
310a‧‧‧第一核背襯
310b‧‧‧第二核背襯
311‧‧‧第一主表面
312‧‧‧第二主表面
320‧‧‧第一核界面
322‧‧‧第二核界面
340‧‧‧第一可剝離黏著劑層
342‧‧‧第二黏著劑層
350‧‧‧黏著劑界面
360‧‧‧可分離連接器
362‧‧‧第一可分離連接構件
364‧‧‧第二可分離連接構件
400‧‧‧黏著劑物品
410‧‧‧核
411‧‧‧第一主表面
412‧‧‧第二主表面
413‧‧‧上邊緣
414‧‧‧下邊緣
415‧‧‧側邊緣
416‧‧‧側邊緣
418‧‧‧第一核平面
419‧‧‧第二核平面
440‧‧‧第一可剝離黏著劑層
442‧‧‧第二可剝離黏著劑層
450‧‧‧黏著劑界面
470‧‧‧孔洞
471‧‧‧節距
472‧‧‧開口
500‧‧‧黏著劑物品
510‧‧‧核
512‧‧‧第二主表面
524‧‧‧核界面
540‧‧‧黏著劑層
542‧‧‧黏著劑層
545‧‧‧主表面
550‧‧‧黏著劑界面
590‧‧‧耐用品
592‧‧‧第一主表面
594‧‧‧第二主表面
596‧‧‧鉤
598‧‧‧耐用品界面
600‧‧‧黏著劑物品
610‧‧‧核
611‧‧‧第一主表面
619‧‧‧核平面
620‧‧‧核界面
640‧‧‧可剝離黏著劑層
641‧‧‧第一主表面
643‧‧‧第二主表面
690‧‧‧耐用品
694‧‧‧第二主表面
698‧‧‧耐用品界面
700‧‧‧物品
710‧‧‧有孔洞核
711‧‧‧第一主表面
719‧‧‧核平面
720‧‧‧核界面
740‧‧‧可剝離黏著劑層
741‧‧‧第一主表面
770‧‧‧孔洞
790‧‧‧耐用品
794‧‧‧第二主表面
798‧‧‧第二主表面
T‧‧‧厚度
圖1係本文中大致上所述類型的一例示性黏著劑物品的一個實施例的一俯視平面圖;圖2係圖2的黏著劑物品的一剖面圖;圖3A至圖3C係大致上具有圖1及圖2中所標示之類型的一黏著劑物品正在從一黏附體之表面移除的圖片;圖4係本文中大致上所述類型的一例示性黏著劑物品的一個實施例的一剖面圖;圖5係本文中大致上所述類型的一例示性黏著劑物品的一個實施例的一剖面圖;圖6係本文中大致上所述類型的一例示性黏著劑物品的一個實施例的一俯視平面圖;圖7係圖6的黏著劑物品的一剖面圖;圖8係本文中大致上所述類型的一例示性黏著劑物品的另一個實施例的一剖面圖;圖9係本文中大致上所述類型的一例示性黏著劑物品的一個實施例的一剖面圖;圖10係本文中大致上所述類型的一例示性黏著劑物品的另一個實施例的一剖面圖;及
圖11係用於在本揭露之例示性黏著劑物品上進行重量懸掛測試的一鉤的透視圖。
在某些所繪示實施例中的層僅作為說明之用,且不意欲以絕對方式界定任何組件之厚度(相對或以其他方式)或絕對位置。雖然上述所提出之圖式闡述本揭露之數個實施例,但亦設想到其他在本說明書中所提到的實施例。在所有情況下,本揭露係以代表性而非限制性的方式呈現。應理解的是,所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者可擬出許多其他修改及實施例,其等仍屬於本揭露原理之範疇及精神。
將詳細描述多種實施例及實施方案。這些實施例不應解讀為以任何方式限制本申請案之範疇,且可做出變化及修改,而不偏離本發明之精神及範疇。此外,本文中僅描述一些最終用途,但本文中未具體述及之最終用途係包括於本申請案之範疇中。由此,本申請案之範疇應從申請專利範圍判定。
本揭露大致上關於可自一基材、牆、或表面(通常,一黏附體)移除而無損傷的黏著劑物品。如本文中所使用,用語「不會造成損傷(without causing damage)」或「無損傷(damage-free)」或類似者意指可以將黏著劑物品從基材分離而不會對油漆、塗層、樹脂、覆蓋物、或下面的基材造成可見損傷、及/或留下殘餘物。基材之可見損傷可係下列形式:對基材之任何層造成(例如)刮痕、撕裂、脫層、斷裂、碎裂、應變、及其類似者。可見損傷亦可為變色、弱化、光澤度變化、霧度變化、或基材外觀的其他變化。
黏著劑物品包括相鄰於(2)一離散核之(1)一或多個可剝離黏著劑層。如本文所用,用語「可剝離的」是指黏著劑物品可從一基材或表面藉由介於約1°與約180°之間的角度的剝離而移除。在一些實施例中,黏著劑物品可從基材或表面藉由介於約30°至約120°之間的角度的剝離而移除。在一些實施例中,黏著劑物品可從基材或表面藉由至少約35°的角度的剝離而移除。在剝離離型移除期間,至少一第一黏著劑層會從該核脫離或使該核變形。因此,該黏著劑物品係特定地經設計以模擬一「無背襯(backingless)」構造,其中該核對該黏附體所經歷的黏著劑移除力僅有些微貢獻或幾乎沒有貢獻。「無背襯」構造提供具有不超過基材(包括例如,乾牆、油漆、玻璃等)上之損傷臨限之剝離力的一黏著劑物品。
圖1及圖2繪示如本文中大致描述之一黏著劑物品100的例示性實施例。黏著劑物品100包括具有相對之第一及第二主表面111及112的一核110。圖1以俯視圖繪示黏著劑物品100,其中可穿過一黏著劑層140看見核110。在一些實施例中,黏著劑140大致上可係光學清透的,使得核係至少部分可看見的。在其他實施例中,黏著劑層140可係大致上不透明的或核可以其他方式而在俯視圖中不是視覺上可識別的。如在圖2中所見,核110具有由上邊緣113、下邊緣114、及側邊緣115、116所界定的一正方形形狀。核110的形狀不受特別限制,並且可包括任何合適的形狀或形狀的組合。邊緣113至116共同形成一核周緣117,其界定在核與黏著劑物品110的其餘部分(例如,黏著劑層140)之間的一可識別邊界。
核110作為黏著劑物品100的不同結構組件存在,而不作為分散或以其他方式分佈於一或兩個黏著劑層140、142中的材料。形成核110的材料可包括紙、天然或合成聚合物膜、由天然及/或合成纖維及其組合製成的非織造物、織物強化聚合物膜、纖維或紗線強化聚合物膜或非織造物、織物(諸如由合成或天然材料(例如棉,尼龍,人造絲,玻璃,陶瓷材料、及類似者)的紗線形成的織造織物)、或這些材料中之任何者的組合。核110亦可由金屬、金屬化聚合物膜、或陶瓷片材所形成。在一些實施例中,核係一具有二或更多層的多層膜;在一些此類實施例中,該等層係經層壓的。例如,核可由一發泡體、一膜或其組合形成,其具有任何合適的厚度、組成、及不透明度或透明度。在其他實施例中,核可包括離散粒子的一配置或具有相對高凝膠含量的黏著劑或其他組成物。下面進一步詳細探討核110的例示性材料及構造。二或更多種此類組成物及構造的組合係亦可用於本揭露之各種實施例中。
在圖1及圖2之具體實施例中,核110包括具有厚度「T」之一單核層材料,但是在本文中也設想到及描述了多層或多材料構造。在一些實施例中,該核具有介於約2密耳與約100密耳之間的厚度「T」。在一些實施例中,該核具有大於2密耳、大於5密耳、大於8密耳、大於10密耳、大於12密耳、大於15密耳、大於20密耳、大於22密耳、或大於24密耳的厚度。在一些實施例中,該核具有小於100密耳、小於90密耳、小於80密耳、小於75密耳、小於70密耳、小於65密耳、小於60密耳、小於55密耳、小於50密耳、
小於45密耳、小於40密耳、小於38密耳、小於35密耳、小於32密耳、小於30密耳、小於28密耳、或小於25密耳的厚度。
黏著劑層140沿著周緣117的各側延伸,從而有效圍繞核110並且界定黏著劑物品100的邊界105。如圖1中所示的黏著劑層140基本上具備與核110相同的正方形形狀。在其他實施例中,黏著劑層140可改為界定例如一矩形、橢圓形、或卵形形狀。在其他實施例中,黏著劑層140僅沿著核110的側邊115、116延伸,或僅沿著上邊緣及下邊緣延伸。在其他實施例中,黏著劑層140部分地沿著單個邊緣延伸,或部分地沿著多個邊緣延伸。
如圖2中所繪示,核110在橫截面大致上係矩形,然而核可具有多種橫截面形狀。例如,核110的橫截面形狀可係一多邊形(例如正方形、四面體、菱形、梯形),其可是一正多邊形或不是,或者核110的橫截面形狀可係彎曲形(例如,圓形或橢圓形)。第一核平面118係與第一主表面111重合,而第二核平面119係與第二主表面112重合。核平面118、119以平行方式繪示,但在其他實施例中可相交及形成一斜角。
主表面111、112之各者係相鄰於可剝離黏著劑層140及142。可剝離黏著劑層140及142可彼此相同或彼此不同。黏著劑層140及142可各自係一單層或可係多層的。黏著劑層140及142在橫越核110的主表面上可各自連續或不連續(例如,經圖案化)。黏著劑層140及142之各者分別包括相對之主表面141、145。物品的一可用黏著面積係由各黏著劑層的相對主表面141、145(在此處大於核
110的第一主表面111)之長度及寬度所界定。主表面141、145的可用黏著面積係用於將黏著劑物品100耦接到例如牆表面或耐用品上。
黏著劑層140及142與核的主表面111、112共延伸之部分係以厚度「T」分隔。因此,核110與黏著劑層140、142離散,並且如上所述包括一經界定及可識別的幾何形狀。(多個)黏著劑層的厚度係不受特別限制的,但至少在橫越該核的主表面上一般係實質上連續的。在目前較佳的實施方案中,黏著劑層的厚度係不大於核厚度「T」的95%、不大於90%、不大於80%、不大於75%、不大於60%、不大於50%、不大於40%、不大於30%、不大於20%,並且在一些實施例中係不大於核厚度「T」的10%。在典型的實施例中,一或兩個黏著劑層140、142具有介於約1密耳與約3密耳之間的厚度。
在某些具體實施中,核110主表面上的一給定黏著劑層140、142之厚度可大於一黏著劑界面150處的黏著劑層之合併厚度,如下所述。
第一黏著劑層與核的第一主表面111之間的接觸界定一第一核界面120。類似地,第二黏著劑層142與第二主表面112之間的接觸界定與第一核界面120相對的一第二核界面122。在一些實施例中,第一及第二界面120、122所包括與核的黏著劑接觸面積係至少約5%;至少約10%、至少約25%;至少約30%;至少約35%;至少約40%;至少約45%;至少約50%;至少約55%;至少約60%;至少約65%;至少約70%;至少約75%;或至少約80%。在一些實施例中,第一及第二核界面所包括在黏著劑層140、142與核之間的黏著劑
接觸面積係在約10%與約100%之間。在一些實施例中,第一及第二核界面120、122所包括在黏著劑層140、142與核之間的黏著劑接觸面積係在約40%與約90%之間。各核界面140、142的黏著劑接觸面積可以相同或不同。在一些實施例中,包括具有安裝到第一可剝離黏著劑層140之一耐用品者,在第一核界面140處的黏著劑接觸面積係大於在第二核界面142處的黏著劑接觸面積。在其他實施例中,在第二核界面142處的黏著劑接觸面積係大於在第二核界面140處的黏著劑接觸面積。
未被核110移位的黏著劑層140、142之主表面係黏合在一起以形成黏著劑界面150。在圖1和圖2中所示的實施例中,黏著劑界面150界定圍繞核110的周緣之一接縫。黏著劑界面150位於大致上平行於核平面118、119的一平面中,但可與其他具體實施方式中的核平面118、119共平面。
構成核110及黏著劑層140、142的材料係經選擇,使得在黏著劑界面150處的黏合係強於:1)在第一及/或第二核界面120、122處或附近的黏合強度;2)核110在實質上垂直於核平面118的方向上之結構完整性(例如,內聚強度);或3)其組合。黏著劑界面150處的黏合可為內聚性的(在黏著劑層140、142中具有相同可剝離黏著劑的實施例中)、黏著性的、或其組合。
核界面與黏著劑界面之間的關係可表示為剝離比率,其定義為在黏著劑界面處的剝離強度(oz/in2)相比於在(多個)核界面處的剝離強度。在一些實施例中,剝離比率可係至少1.15:1;在一些實
施例中,係至少1.25:1;在一些實施例中,係至少1.5:1;在一些實施例中,係至少2:1;在一些實施例中,係至少3:1;在一些實施例中,係至少5:1;在一些實施例中,係至少10:1;在一些實施例中,係至少15:1;在一些實施例中,係至少20:1。
在某些實施例中,用於核110的材料係經選擇,使得其與黏著劑層140、142中之任一者或兩者形成相對弱的黏合。
替代地,核110的一個或兩個主表面111、112可包括離型材料以降低或最小化核界面處的黏合強度。合適的離型材料包括但不限於,低表面能材料諸如聚矽氧、藉由光酸產生之交聯所固化之環氧聚矽氧、氟聚矽氧、聚矽氧丙烯酸酯、全氟聚醚、及其他氟化物材料、烯烴材料、長鏈烴官能性材料、及其之共聚物及混合物。在其他實施例中,減弱層係施加在核界面的部分之上。減弱材料降低或消除了在核界面處的黏著劑之黏著性。例示性的減弱材料包括,例如,玻璃泡、膜、透明油墨、酒、及/或具有較低黏著特性的黏著劑。在一些實施例中,在核界面中的一黏著劑係以降低或消除其黏著性的方式處理。一些例示性的處理包括,例如,輻射、UV照射、電子束、或用以交聯黏著劑或去除黏著劑黏性的其他手段。
在其他實施例中,核的材料或構造係經選擇,使得在移除期間當在黏著劑物品上產生力的施加時,其會脫層、內聚失效(fails cohesively)、或以其他方式分離。
即使在具備一可破壞式核的實施例中,核110仍可沿著其分離的一般平面提供足夠的強度,使得視特定應用而定,基於使用
黏著劑物品100將一物體安裝在一安裝表面上,核的結構完整性將不會失效。核110可有利地在平行於核平面118、119的方向上提供內部靜態剪切強度,其足以用於支撐一物體並且對物品100提供某一程度的回彈性。
圖3A至圖3C繪示位於一硬膜190與一黏附體180之間的一物品100之移除。在圖3A至圖3C所繪示,當物品100以超過35度的一剝離角度從黏附體移除時,黏著劑層140會從核110主體的至少一部分脫離。這可由於第一核界面120處的黏著劑黏合失效而發生,或者可由於核材料在第一主表面111處或在核110本體內的其他地方之裂解(例如,內聚失效或分層脫離)而發生。例如並如圖3B及3C所示,如果核110包括一非織造材料,則剝離移除力可導致核界面處的非織造材料中之纖維或細絲變得從核110的其餘部分移開,或者使得核110在核厚度的大致方向(即,在實質垂直於核平面118、119之一者或二者的方向(未示於圖3A至3C中))上破壞。不希望受理論的束縛,核界面之一者或二者處的脫黏或裂解會發揮至少降低或可能消除核110對剝離力的貢獻之作用,從而允許(多個)黏著劑層獨立地拉伸並降低對黏附體的可能損害。在一些實施例中,可剝離黏著劑層140、142的強力程度(aggressiveness)可經選擇,使得在黏著劑界面150(在圖3A至圖3C中未示)分層脫離之前或在所需可剝離黏著劑層與一黏附體或耐用品之間的黏合分離之前,發生核分離或裂解。
圖4繪示根據本揭露之一黏著劑物品200的另一個實施例。如同圖1及圖2的黏著劑物品100,黏著劑物品200包括一核210、一第一可剝離黏著劑層240、及一第二可剝離黏著劑層242。核210包括鄰近第一黏著劑層240及第二黏著劑層242的第一主表面211及第二主表面212。第一黏著劑層240與核的第一主表面211之間的接觸界定一第一核界面220。類似地,第二黏著劑層242與第二主表面212之間的接觸界定與第一核界面220相對的一第二核界面222。物品200與黏著劑物品100不同之處在於,物品200包括多層核210。
多層核210可包括一背襯260及耦接到或以其他方式設置在背襯260的相對主表面上之一或多個表層270。如圖所示,多層核包括兩個表層270及272。在某些實施例中,背襯260係一可拉伸膜層。例如,背襯260可呈一發泡體、一膜或其組合的形式,其具有任何合適的厚度、組成、及不透明度或透明度。背襯260可係單層的膜、單層的發泡體、多層的膜、多層的發泡體、多層的發泡體及膜、及/或單層或多層的黏著劑。在具體實施例中,核210包含如PCT申請案第US2017/016039號(Runge等人)中所述的多層膜,該申請案以引用方式全文併入本文中。表層270及272可彼此相同或彼此不同。表層270及272內的每個層都可以是單層或可以是多層的。
在某些實施例中,背襯260包括具有比表層270、272之任一者或二者實質上要高的勁度或模數的一材料。使用較堅硬背襯260可對核210提供結構支撐,以例如改善剪切保持行為,並且亦可
經選擇以影響移除特性(諸如剝離移除角度及剝離移除速率)。在一些實施例中,該高勁度區域具有一勁度,其比在該黏著劑安裝總成的一低勁度區域中的勁度大上至少約5%。背襯260(或本文中所述的任何層)的勁度係由厚度與楊氏模數的組合來定義。本文中所述的背襯之例示性楊氏模數係在約100PSI與約15,000PSI之間。如本文中所使用,用語「高勁度」係指一層或材料配置具有比一表層大上至少約5%的勁度。在一些實施例中,高勁度背襯260具有比一表層中之勁度大上約5%與約10,000%之間的勁度。在一些實施例中,高勁度區域具有比表層270、272之任一者或二者中的勁度大上至少50%、大上至少100%、且在一些實施例中大上至少1000%的勁度。在一些實施例中,背襯260具有介於約660PSI與約2000PSI之間的楊氏模數。在一些實施例中,表層270、272具有介於約600PSI至約1500PSI之間的楊氏模數。在一些實施例中,高勁度表層270、272具有比背襯260中的勁度大上約5%與約10,000%之間的勁度。
圖5繪示根據本揭露之一黏著劑物品300的另一個實施例,其具備設計用於在將物品300從一黏附體移除時進行內部分離的一核310。
如同黏著劑物品100及200,黏著劑物品300包括一核310、一第一可剝離黏著劑層340、及一第二可剝離黏著劑層342。核310包括鄰近第一黏著劑層340及第二黏著劑層342的第一主表面311及第二主表面312。第一黏著劑層340與核的第一主表面311之間的接觸界定一第一核界面320。類似地,第二黏著劑層342與第二主表
面312之間的接觸界定與第一核界面320相對的一第二核界面322。核310包括在第一背襯層310a與第二背襯層310b之間的一可分離連接器360。可分離連接器360包括設置在第一背襯層310a的第二主表面上之一第一可分離連接構件362,以及設置在第二背襯層310b的第二主表面上之一第二可分離連接構件364。第一可分離連接構件362及第二可分離連接構件364可彼此接合以形成一可分離的連接,從而可分離地連接核背襯層:在可分離連接器360分離之後,可撓的第一可分離連接構件362與第一核背襯310a保持在一起,並且第二可分離連接構件364與第二核背襯310b保持在一起。
可分離連接器360可包括用於連接核背襯層的任何已知或已開發的可重複使用連接器。可分離連接器360允許第一背襯層310a及第二核背襯層310b沿著一大致平面的分離和連接。在一些實施例中,可分離連接器360可包括例如包括互鎖系統的機械型緊固件、具有無肉眼可見機械變形或干擾之連接的相互囓合系統、可釋離的接觸回應式緊固件、可分割構造、及類似者。在其他實施例中,可分離連接器360包括一或更多層的黏著劑、凝膠、或凝膠黏著劑,其等藉由共價鍵結、離子鍵結、氫鍵結、及/或凡得瓦力而結合。
在一些實施例中,第一可分離連接構件362可包括與第一核背襯層310a在其第二主表面處黏合的一層鈎材料,並且第二可分離連接構件364可包括與第二核背襯310b在其第二主表面處黏合的一層環材料。已設想到可使用任何可商購獲得的魔鬼氈(hook and loop)連接器系統,包括可購自3M Company者。魔鬼氈連接器系統僅係一
種本實施例所建議的機械互鎖連接器系統類型。藉由機械互鎖意指其等緊固件之連接器元件之至少一者經受某種肉眼可見的變形(較佳為塑膠變形),使得機械干擾形成於複數個組件之間。此等互相嚙合之元件的許多不同修改之設計,係以此可分離連接器系統之協作層之間的分離所必要的力與方式為基礎。一些例示性可分離連接器係在例如下列中說明:美國專利第6,572,945號;第7,781,056號;第6,403,206號;及第6,972,141號,其等全部之全文係以引用方式併入本文中。
可分離連接器360的連接區域及類型可經選擇,使得分離核背襯層310a、310b所需的力實質上低於將剝離黏著劑層從一黏附體移除或使一黏著劑界面350處的黏合斷裂所需的力。此力可在實質上垂直於連接器360的大致平面之方向施加。在一些實施例中,可分離連接構件362、364可經選擇,使得在黏著劑界面350分層脫離之前或在可剝離黏著劑層與黏附體之間的黏合分離之前,可分離連接器360即會分離,從而減弱核310的結構完整性。
在某些情況下,即使在剝離期間的分離之後,可將可分離連接器重新組構以再使用。例如,可將可分離連接構件362、364重新對齊並且將壓力施加在主表面上以造成另一次機械互鎖。作為另一個實例,具備一或更多層的黏著劑及/或凝膠之可分離連接器可允許該等結合的一或多者(例如,離子鍵結、凡得瓦力)重新形成。
可分離連接器360可沿著其分離的大致平面提供足夠強度,使得視具體應用而定,基於用於將一物體安裝在一安裝表面上的黏著劑物品之使用,可分離連接器360將不會分離。可分離連接器
360可在平行於用於支撐該安裝物體(例如,耐用品)之大致平面的方向上提供內部靜態剪切強度。
根據本揭露的另一個實施例的黏著劑物品係繪示於圖6及圖7。黏著劑物品400包括與一核410共延伸的黏著劑層440。該核包括一第一主表面411,其具有共同形成一周緣的上邊緣413、下邊緣414、及側邊緣415、416。核410包括孔洞470的一陣列,該等孔洞延伸穿過核材料的厚度「T」。在一些實施例中,核410包括孔洞470的一配置圖案。「配置圖案(arranged pattern)」係配置在預定位置的複數個特徵(features)(例如,孔洞、凹部、通道等),其配置具有一定程度的規則性,或以任何所欲的方式配置。核410中的孔洞470係以一網格陣列配置,但其他圖案及配置係可能的。在一些實施例中,孔洞470係橫越一核表面分佈為一週期性陣列(例如,一維陣列或二維陣列,例如正方形陣列、六邊形、或其他規則陣列)。例如,孔洞的配置圖案可包括一成列配置圖案、一網格配置圖案(諸如正方形格子配置圖案)、一鋸齒狀配置圖案、或一放射狀配置圖案。配置圖案不需要均勻地形成在整個表面上,但可僅形成在核表面的一部分上。孔洞的圖案可在物品的任何部分上變化或保持不變。例如,可在相同平面內使用類似或不同的圖案。圖案內的孔洞可具有相似的尺寸和形狀,或者可具有不同的尺寸和形狀。
作為參考之用,將卡氏x-y-z座標系包括在圖6和7中。第一主表面及第二主表面411、412大致上平行於x-y平面延伸,並且核410的厚度對應於z軸。孔洞470的陣列包括大致上沿著x軸
的橫向及大致上沿著y軸的縱向。陣列或圖案中的相鄰孔洞470之間的節距可在橫向及縱向上相同。配置圖案包括在相鄰孔洞470之間的已界定間距或節距。可選擇在任何給定區域中孔洞的組態,使得節距471(即,相鄰元件之間的平均質心到質心距離)係至少0.5毫米、在其他實施例中至少1毫米、在其他實施例中至少5毫米、在其他實施例中至少15毫米、在其他實施例中至少20毫米、在其他實施例中至少25毫米、且在又其他實施例中至少30毫米。在某些實施例中,節距不大於70毫米、在一些實施例中不大於60毫米、在一些實施例中不大於50毫米、且在某些實施例中不大於45毫米。
孔洞470可採用任何形狀的形式。核410的說明實施例包含複數個圓形開口472。適合於孔洞開口472的形狀之非限制性實例包括圓形、三角形、正方形、矩形、及其他多邊形。類似地,孔洞470的三維幾何形狀不受特別限制,只要孔洞延伸穿過核410,並且孔洞可包括圓柱狀;橢圓柱狀;立方形(例如,正方形立方體或矩形長方體);圓錐形;截頭圓錐形及其類似者。無論橫截面形狀為何,各孔洞470在開口472處包含一最大橫截面尺寸。最大橫截面尺寸的大小不受特別限制。在例示性實施例中,最大橫截面可不大於80毫米、在一些實施例中不大於70毫米、且在一些實施例中不大於60毫米。最大橫截面尺寸可係至少0.5毫米、在其他實施例中至少1毫米、在其他實施例中至少5毫米、在一些實施例中至少10毫米、在一些實施例中至少15毫米、且在一些實施例中至少20毫米。
如圖所繪示,孔洞470沿橫向和縱向兩者是離散的。在其他實施例中,孔洞470可沿著一個方向是離散的,使得孔洞類似於核中的通道,或者可在橫越核之主表面411、412上對角地(相對於圖6中所示的位向)延伸。此類通道可遵循任何所欲的路徑,並且可橫越核的一表面在一給定方向上係連續的或可係不連續的。
黏著劑層440、442接觸以在孔洞470的體積內形成複數個黏著劑界面450。如圖7中所示,陣列中的一行中之各孔洞470包括一黏著劑界面450。雖然在某些情況下,一比一的孔洞與界面比率可能係較佳的,但本揭露的其他實施例可在少於全部可用孔洞470中包括一黏著劑界面450。在其他實施例中,黏著劑層可不在任何孔洞470中形成一黏著劑界面。
第一可剝離黏著劑層440及第二可剝離黏著劑層442在圖6及圖7中係繪示為覆蓋孔洞470之間的核主表面411、412上的間隙空間。在其他實施例中,黏著劑層可覆蓋小於間隙空間的連續部分,或者可僅圍繞孔洞470的開口或基部覆蓋間隙空間。在其他實施例中,一或兩個黏合劑層僅存在於孔洞470內,使得一核界面及黏著劑界面兩者皆位於一孔洞的體積內。在典型實施例中,黏著劑層440、442不佔據一給定孔洞內的全部可用體積。
複數個黏著劑界面450存在於核410的周緣內,並且存在於大致平行於第一核平面418及第二核平面419且與該等核平面形成偏移的一平面中。在其他實施方案中,物品400的核410可與黏著
劑物品100至300的特徵組合,使得物品包括同時在周緣內並且在核周緣外延伸的黏著劑界面。
一般而言,在孔洞470形成於核材料中之後,將一或兩個黏著劑層440、442層壓或以其他方式耦接到核410。孔洞可藉由任何用於從一結構移除材料的已知方法來形成,例如模切、雷射切割、沖壓、及類似者。在其他實施例中,可將核410擠出為包括孔洞,如美國專利公開案第2017/0022339號(Hanschen等人)及第2016/0002838號(Ausen等人)中所述,所有這些公開案皆以引用方式全文併入本文。
圖8顯示本文中大致上所述類型的一黏著劑物品500的一例示性實施例的一剖面圖,該物品包括一耐用品。黏著劑物品500包括一耐用品590、一核510、及黏著劑層540、542。核510可以是本文中所述的任何材料及構造。圖8中所示的具體耐用品590包括從一第一主表面592延伸的一鉤596,兩者皆與一第二主表面594相對且隔開。關於合適耐用品的額外細節可見於下文中。耐用品590的第二主表面594係相鄰於第二黏著劑層542的一主表面545,從而產生一耐用品界面598。第二黏著劑層542與第二主表面512之間的接觸界定與耐用品界面598相對的一核界面524。同樣地,第二黏著劑層542與第一黏著劑層之間的接觸界定與耐用品界面598相對的複數個黏著劑界面550。
圖9繪示了本文中大致描述類型的一黏著劑物品600的另一個例示性實施例,其包括一耐用品690且具備單一個可剝離黏著
劑層640。黏著劑物品包括一核610,其經由黏著劑層640來安裝到一耐用品690。核610可以是本文中所述的任何材料及構造。耐用品690的第二主表面694係相鄰於第一黏著劑層640的一第二主表面643,從而產生與核平面619大致上共平面的一耐用品界面698。第一黏著劑層640與第一主表面611之間的接觸界定設置在耐用品界面698上方的一核界面620。黏著劑層640的第一主表面641可耦接到所欲的黏附體(例如,壁面、櫃體表面等)。耐用品界面698處的黏合強度較佳地係強於:1)核的內聚強度;2)核界面620處的黏合;或3)其組合。缺乏黏著劑-黏著劑界面可導致黏著劑物品600在從耐用品(或安裝表面)移除時接近完全裂解及/或解體。然而在使用者可接受分開設置黏著劑物品600的各組成元件的情況下,此可能仍然是可接受的。
圖10繪示了本文中大致描述類型的一黏著劑物品的另一個例示性實施例,其包括一耐用品790、一有孔洞核710、及單一個可剝離黏著劑層740。核710可係本文中所述的任何材料及構造,並且包括延伸穿過核材料的厚度「T」之孔洞770的一配置陣列。耐用品790的一第二主表面794係附著到第一黏著劑層740,從而在大致平行於核平面719(如果不是與核平面共平面)的一平面中在至少一些孔洞770內產生複數個耐用品界面798。黏著劑層740與第一主表面711之間的接觸界定設置在耐用品界面798上方之一平面中的一核界面720。黏著劑層740的第一主表面741可用於將物品700固著到所欲的黏附體(例如,壁面、櫃體表面等)。複數個耐用品界面798
處的黏合強度較佳地係強於:1)核710的內聚強度;2)核界面720處的黏合;或3)其組合。核周緣內的黏著劑-耐用品界面之數量增加可能會改善核710在剝離移除期間與黏著劑層740的分離,從而確保黏著劑可充分拉伸以避免明顯損害。
核係黏著劑構造的一部分,並且干涉其他相鄰黏著劑層的部分之界面黏合。核材料可經選擇為提供一低能量表面,以讓核與可剝離黏著劑層能夠容易分離。該核可以是一單層或一多層構造。該核中可以存在多於一個核層。多個核層可以藉由數層(layers)的膜而隔開,該膜可以進一步包含一或多個層。在一些實施例中,該核包括塑料、金屬、紙、非織造材料、紡織品、織造材料、發泡體、黏著劑、凝膠、及/或細絲強化材料中之至少一者。在一些實施例中,該核係一單層材料或一多層膜中之至少一者。在其他實施例中,該核可係設置在相鄰黏著劑層之間的多個粒子的一配置。
在一些實施例中,可共擠壓兩或多個子層以形成該核。在一些實施例中,該核係可撓的。一些實施例包括染料或顏料在該核中。一些實施例包括至少一種增黏劑在該核的至少一層中。一些實施例包括塑化油在該核的一或多個層中。
該核可以係由任何所欲的一或多種材料或製成。適用於該核之材料的代表性實例可包括例如聚烯烴,諸如聚乙烯(包括高密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯、線性低密度聚乙烯、以及線性超低密度聚
乙烯)、聚丙烯、以及聚丁烯;乙烯共聚物,譬如聚氯乙烯(經塑化與未經非塑化兩者)、以及聚乙酸乙烯;烯烴共聚物,譬如乙烯/丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、丙烯腈-丁二烯苯乙烯共聚物、以及乙烯/丙烯共聚物;丙烯酸聚合物及共聚物;聚胺甲酸酯;以及上述之組合。任何塑膠或塑膠與彈性體材料的混合物或摻合物亦可被使用,譬如聚丙烯/聚乙烯、聚胺基甲酸酯/聚烯烴、聚胺基甲酸酯/聚碳酸酯、聚胺基甲酸酯/聚酯。
在一些實施例中,該核係或包括複合發泡體,複合發泡體包括一可撓性聚合發泡體層、經層壓到該發泡層之一第一主表面的一第一膜、以及經層壓到該發泡體層之一第二、對置之主表面的一第二膜。黏著劑(各黏著劑)可附接到薄膜以形成黏著劑-薄膜-發泡體-薄膜-黏著劑之結構。可選擇可撓性聚合發泡體層以最佳化可適形性及回彈性性質,該等性質在將一黏著劑物品黏附到具有表面不規則性的表面時係為有用的。此係典型的牆表面例子。例示性可撓性聚合發泡體層係可以商標名稱「Command」購自Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company(「3M」)of St.Paul,Minn。在一些實施例中,核的可撓性聚合發泡體層可包括聚烯烴發泡體,其可以商標名稱「Volextra」及「Volara」購自Voltek,Division of Sekisui America Corporation,Lawrence,Mass。在一些實施例中,核係或包括金屬或係類金屬。在一些實施例中,該核係或包括木材或係類木材。
該核可係或包括任何下列專利申請案中所述的任何材料或背襯,該等專利申請案皆全文併入本文中:PCT申請案第
US2018/024347號及WO公開案第2015/195344號、第2017/136432號、及第2018/039584號。
在各種實施例中,該核可由微結構化膠帶材料製造或生產,該等材料描述於例如美國專利第8,530,021號(Bartusiak等人)中。
在一些實施例中,該核可包括3M代理案第79768WO004號中所述的圖案化核,該代理案標題為「Adhesive Articles Permitting Damage Free Removal」(允許無損傷移除的黏著劑物品),在此同時提交。
該核可以係任何所欲的形狀,包括例如正方形、矩形、三角形、多邊形、圓形、四邊形、梯形、圓柱形、半圓形、星形、半月形、四面體等。
該核可係實質上不可拉伸的或可係彈性的。在一些實施例中,該核材料在攝氏25度下具有介於約15×103Pa與約2.5×106Pa之間的儲存模數。在一些實施例中,該核材料在攝氏25度下具有介於約0.4與約1.2之間的tan δ(其中tan δ係損耗模數除以儲存模數)。在一些實施例中,該核具有介於約攝氏-125度與約攝氏40度之間的玻璃轉移溫度。在一些實施例中,該核材料在10秒後具有介於10%與100%之間的應力鬆弛。
在一些實施例中,該核在10%應變下展現1%至99%的彈性復原。在一些實施例中,該核在20%應變下展現1%至99%的彈性復原。在本揭露之一些實施例中,該核材料在至少一個方向上具有
大於50%的斷裂伸長率。在本揭露之一些實施例中,該核材料在至少一個方向上具有介於約50%與約1200%之間的斷裂伸長率。
在一些實施例中,該核具有介於約100psi與約100,000psi之間的楊氏模數。在一些實施例中,該核在10%應變下展現1%至100%之彈性復原,如以ASTM D5459-95所測得者。在一些實施例中,該核在20%應變下展現1%至100%之彈性復原。
在一些實施例中,該核具有介於約100psi與約15,000psi之間的彈性模數及/或正割模數,如以ASTM D638-14及ASTM D412-06a中之至少一者所判定者。在一些實施例中,該核具有範圍介於100psi與15000psi之間的模數。在一些實施例中,該模數係大於100psi、大於500psi、大於1000psi。在一些實施例中,該核模數係小於15000psi、小於10000psi、小於8,000psi、小於5,000psi、小於3,500psi、小於2000psi、及小於1500psi。
在一些實施例中,該核具有介於約0.1密耳與約100密耳之間的厚度。在一些實施例中,該核具有大於1密耳、大於5密耳、大於8密耳、大於10密耳、大於12密耳、大於15密耳、大於20密耳、大於22密耳、或大於24密耳的厚度。在一些實施例中,該核具有小於100密耳、小於90密耳、小於80密耳、小於75密耳、小於70密耳、小於65密耳、小於60密耳、小於55密耳、小於50密耳、小於45密耳、小於40密耳、小於38密耳、小於35密耳、小於32密耳、小於30密耳、小於28密耳、或小於25密耳的厚度。
在一些目前較佳的實施例中,該核包括非織造基材。非織造基材可係藉由生產非織造網之任何通常已知程序來製造的一非織造織物或網。如本文中所使用,用語「非織造(nonwoven)」係指具有以蓆狀方式隨機及/或單向交織的個別纖維或長絲結構的織物,但非以如在針織物中之可識別的方式。非織造織物或網可由各種製程形成,諸如熔噴程序、紡黏程序、噴網程序、及黏合梳理網程序、氣流成網程序、及濕式成網程序。在一些實施例中,該核包含多層之非織造材料,例如具有至少一層之熔噴非織造物及至少一層之紡黏非織造物,或非織造材料之任何其他合適組合。例如,該核可係一紡黏-熔黏-紡黏、紡黏-紡黏、或紡黏-紡黏-紡黏之多層材料。或者,該核可為一複合網,其包含一非織造層及一膜層。
如本文中所使用,「熔噴(Meltblowing)」意指一種藉由將熔融的纖維成形材料擠出通過在模頭中的複數個孔口以形成纖維,同時使該等纖維與空氣或其他細長化流體(attenuating fluid)接觸以使該等纖維變細成纖維,其後收集經變細的纖維來形成一非織造織物的方法。在例如Berrigan等人的美國專利第6,607,624號中教示了一例示性熔噴程序。「熔噴纖維(Meltblown fiber)」意指藉由熔噴或熔噴程序製備的纖維。「紡黏(Spun-bonding)」及「紡黏程序(spun bond process)」係指一種藉由自紡嘴之複數個細毛細管將熔融的纖維成形材料擠出為連續或半連續纖維,其後收集經變細纖維來形成一非織造纖維網的方法。在例如Matsuki等人的美國專利第3,802,817號中揭示了
一例示性紡黏製程。「紡黏纖維(spun bond fiber)」及「經紡黏纖維(spun-bonded fiber)」係指使用紡黏或紡黏程序製備的纖維。此類纖維一般為連續纖維並且經充分纏結或經點式黏合以形成一內聚性非織造纖維網,故其通常不可能從此類纖維堆中移出一條完整的紡黏纖維。纖維也可具有例如在Hogle等人的美國專利第5,277,976中描述的那些形狀,其描述了具有非習知形狀的纖維。「梳理(carding)」及「梳理程序(carding process)」係指一種藉由透過精梳或梳理單元加工短纖維來形成一非織造纖維網帶材(nonwoven fibrous web webs)的方法,該精梳或梳理單元將短纖維分離或斷裂開並使其排列於加工方向(machine direction)上,以形成大致上定向於加工方向的纖維狀非織造網。在例如Chaplin等人的美國專利第5,114,787號及第5,643,397人號中教示了例示性的梳理程序及梳理機。「黏合梳理網(Bonded carded web)」係指藉由一梳理程序形成的非織造纖維網,其中該等纖維之至少一部分係藉由包括例如熱點黏合、自生黏合、熱風黏合、超音波黏合、針扎、壓延、施加噴塗黏著劑、及類似者之方法黏合在一起。關於非織造網及包括非織造網之層壓體的生產及特性的進一步細節可見於例如美國專利第9,469,091(Henke等人)中,其全文係以引用方式併入本文中。「氣流成網(Air-laying)」係指一製程,在此製程中分離出具有一般長度範圍介於3至52毫米(mm)的小纖維束並使其運載於所供應的空氣中,然後通常在真空供應的輔助下將其沉積於成形篩網上。然後可使用例如熱點黏合、自生黏合、熱風黏合、針扎、壓延、噴塗黏著劑、及類似者將隨機定向的纖維彼此黏合。在例如Laursen
等人的美國專利第4,640,810號中教示了一例示性氣流成網程序。「濕式成網(Wet-laying)」係指一製程,在此製程中分離出具有一般長度範圍介於3至52毫米(mm)的小纖維束並使其運載於所供應的液體中,然後通常在真空供應的輔助下將其沉積於成形篩網上。水一般係較佳的液體。隨機沉積的纖維可藉由進一步纏結(例如,水力纏結),或可使用例如熱點黏合、自生黏合、熱風黏合,超音波黏合、針扎、壓延、施加噴霧黏著劑、及類似者彼此黏合。在例如Nielsen等人的美國專利第5,167,765號中教示了一例示性濕式成網及黏合程序。在例如Berrigan等人的美國專利第9,139,940號中亦揭示了例示性黏合程序。
提供有用的非織造核之纖維狀材料可以由天然纖維(例如,木質纖維或棉纖維)、合成纖維(例如,熱塑性纖維)、或天然纖維與合成纖維之一組合製成。用於形成熱塑性纖維之例示性材料包括:聚烯烴(例如,聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚丁烯、乙烯共聚物、丙烯共聚物、丁烯共聚物、以及這些聚合物的共聚物及摻合物)、聚酯、及聚醯胺。非織造基材可由任何合適的熱塑性聚合材料製成的纖維或長絲形成。合適的聚合材料包括,但不限於聚烯烴、聚(異戊二烯)、聚(丁二烯)、氟化聚合物、氯化聚合物、聚醯胺、聚醯亞胺、聚醚、聚(醚碸)、聚(碸)、聚(乙酸乙烯酯)、乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物(諸如聚(乙烯)-共聚-(乙烯醇))、聚(膦氮烯)、聚(乙烯酯)、聚(乙烯醚)、聚(乙烯醇)、及聚(碳酸酯)。合適的聚烯烴包括但不限於聚(乙烯)、聚(丙烯)、聚(1-丁烯)、乙烯和丙烯的共聚物、α烯烴共聚物(諸如乙烯或丙烯和1-丁
烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯、及1-癸烯的共聚物)、聚(乙烯-共聚-1-丁烯)、及聚(乙烯-共聚-1-丁烯-共聚-1-己烯)。合適的氟化聚合物包括但不限於聚(氟乙烯)、聚(二氟亞乙烯)、二氟亞乙烯的共聚物(諸如聚(二氟亞乙烯-共聚-六氟丙烯)、及三氟氯乙烯的共聚物(諸如聚(乙烯-共聚-三氟氯乙烯)。合適的聚醯胺包括但不限於聚(亞胺己二醯亞胺六亞甲基)(poly(iminoadipoyliminohexamethylene))、聚(亞胺己二醯亞胺十亞甲基)(poly(iminoadipoyliminodecamethylene))、及聚己內醯胺。合適的聚醯亞胺包括聚(苯四甲醯亞胺)(poly(pyromellitimide))。合適的聚(醚碸)包括但不限於聚(二苯醚碸)及聚(二苯基碸-共聚-氧化二伸苯碸)(poly(diphenylsulfone-co-diphenylene oxide sulfone))。合適的乙酸乙烯酯共聚物包括但不限於聚(乙烯-共聚-乙酸乙烯酯),以及至少一些乙酸酯基團已經水解之此類共聚,以提供各種聚(乙烯醇),包括聚(乙烯-共聚-乙烯醇)。
纖維亦可係多組分纖維,例如具有一種熱塑性材料的核體以及另一種熱塑性材料的鞘體。鞘體可在低於核的溫度下熔融,當纖維蓆暴露於鞘體熔體時在纖維之間的提供部分、隨機的黏合。具有不同熔點之單組分纖維的組合也可用於此目的。在一些實施例中,可用於根據本揭露之核中的非織造織物或網至少係部分彈性的。用於製成彈性纖維之聚合物的實例包括熱塑性彈性體,諸如ABA嵌段共聚物、聚胺甲酸酯彈性體、聚烯烴彈性體(例如,茂金屬聚烯烴彈性體)、烯烴嵌段共聚物、聚醯胺彈性體、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯彈性體、及聚酯彈性體。ABA嵌段共聚物彈性體通常係A嵌段係聚苯乙烯系,而B
嵌段係由共軛二烯(例如,低碳伸烷基二烯)製備者。A嵌段通常主要由經取代(例如,烷基化)或未經取代的苯乙烯部分(例如,聚苯乙烯、聚(α-甲基苯乙烯)、或聚(三級丁基苯乙烯))所形成,具有每莫耳約4,000至50,000克的平均分子量。(多個)B嵌段通常主要由共軛二烯(例如,異戊二烯、1,3-丁二烯、或乙烯-丁烯的單體)所形成,其可為經取代或未經取代的,並且具有每莫耳約5,000至500,000克的平均分子量。A及B嵌段可例如以線性、徑向或星形組態加以組態。ABA嵌段共聚物可包含多個A及/或B嵌段,其嵌段可由相同或不同的單體製成。典型的嵌段共聚物是線性的ABA嵌段共聚物,其中A嵌段可為相同或不同,或者是具有多於三個嵌段的嵌段共聚物,其主要以A嵌段終止。多嵌段共聚物可含有例如特定比例的AB二嵌段共聚物,其傾向形成更具黏性的彈性膜片段。其他的彈性聚合物可與嵌段共聚物彈性體混合,且各種彈性聚合物可進行混合以具有不同程度的彈性特性。許多類型的熱塑性彈性體皆為商購可得,包括以商品名稱「STYROFLEX」購自BASF,Florham Park,N.J.者、以商品名稱「KRATON」購自Kraton Polymers,Houston,Tex.者、以商品名稱「PELLETHANE」、「INFUSE」、VERSIFY」、或「NORDEL」購自Dow Chemical,Midland,Mich.者、以商品名稱「ARNITEL」購自DSM,Heerlen,Netherlands者、以商品名稱「HYTREL」購自E.I.duPont de Nemours and Company,Wilmington,Del.者、以商品名稱「VISTAMAXX」購自ExxonMobil,Irving,Tex.者等等。
例如,纖維非織造纖維網可藉由梳理、氣流成網、濕式成網、噴網、紡黏、靜電紡絲、或熔噴技術(諸如熔紡或熔噴)、或其組合製成。任何非織造網可由單一種類型的纖維或二或更多種的纖維製成,該等纖維在熱塑性聚合物的類型、形狀、及/或厚度上不同;單一種纖維類型或多種纖維類型中之至少一者可各自係如上所述之多組分纖維。
短纖維亦可存在於網中。短纖維的存在一般提供比僅有熔噴微纖維網的網蓬鬆、緻密性小的網。較蓬鬆之網在核界面處或在核本體中可具有減小的內聚強度,導致更容易與一或多個黏著劑層分離。
一非織造核可選地可進一步包含一或多個紗幕層。例如,任一或兩個主表面可選地可各自進一步包括一紗幕層。包括該紗幕(其係一般由纖維製成的織造或非織造強化物)以對該非織造物品提供強度。合適的紗幕材料包括但不限於尼龍、聚酯、玻璃纖維、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、及類似者。紗幕的平均厚度可有所變化。紗幕層可選地可與非織造基材黏合。可使用多種黏著劑材料將紗幕與基材黏合。替代地,紗幕可與非織造物熱黏合。
有用的非織造核可具有針對一特定應用所欲的任何合適EFD、基礎重量、或厚度。「有效纖維直徑(Effective Fiber Diameter)」或「EFD」係基於空氣滲透測試之纖維網中纖維的表觀直徑,在該測試中使空氣在1大氣壓及室溫下以指定面速(一般為5.3cm/sec)通過指定厚度的網樣本,並測量對應的壓降。基於所測得的
壓降,有效纖維直徑如Davies,C.N.,The Separation of Airborne Dust and Particulates,Institution of Mechanical Engineers,London Proceedings,IB(1952)中所述計算得到。非織造基材的纖維一般具有自至少0.1、1、2、或甚至4微米及至多125、75、50、35、25、20、15、10、8或甚至6微米的有效纖維直徑。紡黏核一般具有不大於35的EFD,而氣流成網核可具有100微米級別之較大EFD。非織造核較佳地具有在下列者之範圍內的基礎重量:至少5、10、20、或甚至50g/m2;及至多800、600、400、200、或甚至100g/m2。基礎重量從一10cm×10cm樣本的重量來計算得到。非織造網在加工方向上的最小拉伸強度為約4.0牛頓。
核非織造物的蓬鬆度也可根據實度(如本文中所定義,並且如本文中所報導的方法測量)來表徵。
實度係藉由將測得的非織造纖維網總體密度除以構成網的實心部分的材料密度來判定。網的總體密度可藉由以下方式來決定:先測量網的重量(例如,10-cm乘以10-cm的一段)。將測得的網重量除以網面積以提供網的基礎重量,其係g/m2來記述。網的厚度可藉由以下方式來小測量:獲得(例如,藉由模切)網的一直徑135mm圓盤並且在一直徑100mm的230g砝碼居中放在該網上面的情況下來測量網厚度。網的總體密度係藉由將網的基礎重量除以網的厚度來決定,並且記述為g/m3。然後實度係藉由將非織造網的總體密度除以包含該網的實心細絲的材料(例如,聚合物)密度來決定。若供應
商未說明材料密度,則可藉由標準方法測量總體聚合物的密度。蓬鬆度通常記述為100%減去實度(例如,實度7%等於蓬鬆度93%)。
如本文中所揭示,可生產實度為約2.0%至小於12.0%(即,蓬鬆度為約98.0%至大於88.0%)的網。在各種實施例中,如本文所揭示的網包含至多約7.5%、至多約7.0%、或至多約6.5%的實度。在進一步的實施例中,如本文所揭示的網包含至少約5.0%、至少約5.5%、或至少約6.0%的實度。
在本揭露之許多實施例中,核可包括或由聚合物膜組成。聚合物膜核層可係各種形式,包括例如一單層或多層膜、一多孔膜、及其組合。聚合物膜可含有一或多種填料(例如,碳酸鈣)。聚合物膜可係一連續層或一不連續層。多層聚合物膜較佳地以一複合膜、一層壓膜、及其組合的形式彼此整體式黏合。多層聚合物膜可使用任何合適的方法製備,該方法包括例如共成型、共擠壓、擠壓塗佈、透過黏著劑接合、在壓力下接合、在加熱下接合、及其組合。
膜可包含單一聚合材料或可由聚合材料的混合物製備。合適材料的實例包括聚酯,諸如聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二酯、共聚酯、或基於萘二羧酸的聚酯摻合物;聚碳酸酯;聚苯乙烯;苯乙烯-丙烯腈;乙酸纖維素;聚醚碸;聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯,諸如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯;聚胺甲酸酯;聚氯乙烯;聚環烯烴;聚醯亞胺;或其組合或摻合物。
可包括在核中之材料的實例包括聚烯烴,諸如聚乙烯、聚丙烯(包括同排聚丙烯)、聚苯乙烯、聚酯、聚乙烯醇、聚(對苯二甲酸乙二酯)、聚(對苯二甲酸丁二酯)、聚醯亞胺、聚(己內醯胺)、聚(二氟亞乙烯)、聚乳酸交酯(polylactide)、乙酸纖維素、及乙基纖維素、以及類似者。
聚合物膜層可以是單層或多層構造。可以存在多於一個聚合物膜層。聚合物膜層可以由任何成膜聚合物組成。
在一些實施例中,該(等)聚合物膜層包括下列之至少一者:乙烯基芳族共聚物、線性低密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯、乙烯與(甲基)丙烯酸酯單體之共聚物、乙烯與含有酸改質的(甲基)丙烯酸酯單體之共聚物、乙烯與乙酸乙烯酯之共聚物、乙烯與含有丙烯酸酯及/或酸改質的乙酸乙烯酯之共聚物。在一些實施例中,膜含有來自具有介於2至16個碳之間的烯烴單體之聚合物。在一些實施例中,膜是二或更多種烯烴單體之共聚物。在一些實施例中,膜含有來自具有雜排、對排、或同排立體化學性的烯烴單體的聚合物。在一些實施例中,膜是一或多種烯烴單體之共聚物,其係使用茂金屬催化劑聚合。在一些實施例中,膜由乙烯基共聚物組成,乙烯基共聚物諸如聚(氯乙烯)、聚(乙酸乙烯酯)、及類似者。在一些實施例中,膜是由上列任何聚合物所組成的摻合物。
例示性合適的膜材料可包括SEBS、SEPS、SIS、SBS、聚胺甲酸酯、乙基醋酸乙烯(EVA)、超低線性密度聚乙烯(ULLDPE)、氫化聚丙烯、乙基甲基丙烯酸酯(EMA)、超低線性密度
聚乙烯(ULLDPE)、氫化聚丙烯、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、線性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE),聚酯(包括聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET))、及其組合或摻合物。在一些實施例中,聚合物膜是由上列任何聚合物的多個層所組成。在具體實施例中,多個層包括核層及一或多個表層,如PCT申請案第US2017/016039號(Runge等人)所述,該申請案以引用方式全文併入本文中。
可以使用所屬技術領域中習知的任何方法生產本文所述的聚合物膜。
在一些實施例中,核層由粒子的一集合(assortment of particle)組成。粒子可以分佈在一或多個核層中。一般來說,粒子可係實心的,中空的、或多孔的、及剛性的或非剛性的。粒子可由任何合適的材料製成,包括木材、玻璃、陶瓷、聚合物、金屬、金屬氧化物、及碳材料。核層的粒子通常係在約1微米至約100密耳之尺寸範圍內。不同的粒子可以分佈在不同的核層中。一個核層亦可以含有多種組成、類型、或尺寸的粒子。一個核層中的粒子可為相同或不同的組成與表面處理。粒子可配置成特定形狀或可不均勻地分佈。粒子的表面可經處理或官能化而為疏水或為親水的。可以將粒子黏聚或非黏聚及凝集或非凝集。「黏聚物(agglomerate)」係指一次粒子之間的較弱締合,其可藉由電荷或極性來保持在一起且可分解成更小的實體(entity)。「凝集體」(aggregate)係指強力黏合或熔合之粒子,其中所得
外表面積可能明顯小於個別組分之計算表面積的總和。將凝集體保持在一起的力量可包括強力(例如,共價鍵),或者因燒結或複雜物理纏結所致者。凝集體亦可藉由可逆鍵或溫度相依性鍵(例如,離子鍵)保持在一起。
在一些實施例中,核包括無機粒子。無機粒子可係天然的或合成的。如本文中所使用,用語「合成無機粒子(synthetic inorganic particle)」包括已經從原始狀態(可能係其天然發生的、開採的狀態)藉由化學合成程序(例如,自溶液沉澱、藉由火焰水解產生)或藉由物理合成程序(例如,自氣體相沉澱,藉由溶膠-凝膠製程的方式凝固)轉化、再生、再結晶、重構等而進入其目前的狀態的任何粒子。本文中所使用之用語「合成無機填料(synthetic inorganic filler)」包括實質上已經從原始狀態(可能係其天然發生的、開採的狀態)藉由帶入至少部分軟化或熔融狀態然後藉由冷卻固化的物理合成程序轉化成其目前的狀態的任何填料,使得可能存在於天然狀態中之任何實質上結晶結構實質上遭到抹除,使得該材料現在係呈實質上非晶形式(例如,包含少於約0.5重量百分比結晶度)。此類程序可包括例如熔融加工、火焰熔接、及類似者。相反地,「天然無機粒子(natural inorganic particle)」係定義為已經以其天然存在的形式從土地中提取的礦物,且儘管可能進行純化及/或改質的程序但仍實質上以其天然存在的形式使用。
使用上面提供的定義,合成無機粒子包括例如所謂的玻璃氣泡或微球(諸如可以商標名稱3M Glass Bubble自3M Company
of St.Paul,MN購得者)、陶瓷微球(諸如可以商標名稱3M Ceramic Microspheres自3M購得者)、合成黏土(例如,合成矽酸鹽黏土,諸如可以商標名稱Laponite自Southern Clay Products of Gonzales,TX購得者)、沉澱二氧化矽、發煙二氧化矽、玻璃狀二氧化矽、合成二氧化鈦(例如藉由硫酸鹽程序或氯化物程序來製造)、合成(沉澱)碳酸鈣(例如藉由使二氧化碳通過氫氧化鈣溶液來製造)、及類似者。
合適的天然無機粒子包括方解石、毒重石、金紅石、銳錐石、鈦鐵礦、雲母、絹雲母、真珠石、滑石、石灰石、矽石、重晶石、石膏、燒石膏、高嶺石、蒙脫石、厄帖浦石、伊來石、皂石、鋰膨潤石、鋁膨潤石、矽鎂石、海泡石、膨潤土、葉蠟石、矽藻土、及類似者、以及其混合物。
若用於核中,則聚合物粒子可由任何合適的聚合材料製成。聚合物粒子可由剛性材料或彈性體材料製成。合適的剛性聚合材料包括熱固性聚合物(例如,酚聚合物)、或熱塑性聚合物(例如,聚二氯亞乙烯丙烯腈共聚物(PVDC共聚物))。例示性彈性體微球係描述於Silver的美國專利第3,691,140號、Baker等人的美國專利第3,857,731號及第4,166,152號。在另一個態樣中,經流體填充的微球包含由丙烯腈共聚物或聚二氯亞乙烯共聚物之任一者與碳酸鈣塗層組成的一聚合物外殼,諸如以商品名DUALITE聚合微球由Henkel販售者。
其他例示性粒子包括熔融氧化鋁、經熱處理氧化鋁、白色熔融氧化鋁、黑色碳化矽、綠色碳化矽、二硼化鈦、碳化硼、碳化
鎢、碳化鈦、鑽石(天然及合成)、二氧化矽、氧化鐵、氧化鉻、氧化鈰、氧化鋯、氧化鈦、矽酸鹽、氧化錫、立方氮化硼、石榴石、熔融氧化鋁氧化鋯、溶膠凝膠粒子、及類似者,以及其混合物。
一般而言,核中所用的粒子具有不大於1微米的平均一次(在一些實施例中,為平均一級及黏聚)粒子尺寸(例如,直徑)。
「一次粒子尺寸(Primary particle size)」係指單一(非凝集、非黏聚)粒子的最大尺寸(例如,球形粒子的直徑)。在一些實施例中,粒子具有不大於0.1微米的平均一次(在一些實施例中,為平均一次及黏聚)粒子尺寸(例如,直徑)。
粒子的形狀可以實質上係球形的。然而,也可以採用諸如細長形的其它形狀。此類形狀的實例包括桿形、三角形、板片形、棱錐體、圓錐體、實心球體、中空球體、及類似者。另外,粒子可以係無規形狀的。
若在核中使用,當23℃下使用Brookfield LVT黏度計測量時,則凝膠一般具有至少100,000厘泊(cps)、至少500,000cps、至少600,000cps、並且在又其他實施例中至少700,000cps的黏度(在一個可測量的程度上)。在一些實施例中,當藉由在合適的溶劑(例如,經加熱四氫呋喃或甲苯)中提取可溶性聚合物來測量凝膠含量時,核可具有大於25%、或大於50%、或大於80%的凝膠含量(即,凝膠分率)。在一些實施例中,凝膠係如下所述的黏著劑。在某
些凝膠中的黏合或其他吸引力在分離後可經重構,即使在已經從一黏附體移除黏著劑物品後,仍允許一凝膠核重複使用。
觸變性凝膠特別可用於包括在核中,因為彼等於使用本揭露之黏著劑物品期間在一般經歷的力下比較不會流動。合適的凝膠包括含有甘油的凝膠(參見例如美國專利第3,780,537號(Spencer)及美國公開專利申請公開案第2010/0274333號(Dunshee等人));含有聚矽氧及含有矽氧基化合物的凝膠(參見例如美國專利第7,795,326號(Salamone等人));含有丙二醇的凝膠(參見例如美國專利第5,843,145號(Brink));含有交聯的吸水聚合物的凝膠,諸如交聯的聚丙烯醯胺及聚丙烯酸鈉(參見例如美國專利第5,697,961號(Kiamil));及由起始材料製備的親水性凝膠諸如,聚(環氧乙烷)、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、聚丙烯醯胺、陰離子聚丙烯醯胺、聚乙烯醇、馬來酸酐-乙烯醚共聚物、聚丙烯酸、乙烯-馬來酸酐共聚物、聚乙烯醚、葡聚糖、明膠、羥基丙基纖維素、甲基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素、羥乙基-羧甲基纖維素、羥乙基纖維素、海藻酸丙二醇酯、海藻酸鈉、聚乙烯亞胺、聚乙烯基烷基吡啶鎓鹵化物、聚脯胺酸、天然澱粉、酪蛋白、蛋白質、聚甲基丙烯酸、聚乙烯磺酸、聚苯乙烯磺酸、聚乙烯胺、聚-4-乙烯基吡啶、聚合的烯酸單酯、聚合的烯酸二酯(polymerized diesters of olefinic acid)、丙烯醯胺、及雙官能可聚合材料(例如,二酸、二酯、或二醯胺)、及類似者。
例示性的合適凝膠可以NICKOLODEON GAK(自NSI International)商購獲得。
在一些實施例中,核包括一黏著劑。在一些實施例中,核係一壓敏性黏著劑。實用的壓敏性黏著劑的一般敘述可見於《Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering,Vol.13,Wiley-Interscience Publishers(New York,1988)》。實用的壓敏性黏著劑之額外描述可見於Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology,Vol.1,Interscience Publishers(New York,1964)。壓敏性黏著劑組成物已為此所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者所熟知,其具備包括下列之性質:(1)膠黏性;(2)以不超過手指壓力來黏著;(3)足以固持在黏附體上之能力;以及(4)足以自黏附體乾淨地移除的充分內聚強度。已發現具良好壓敏性黏著劑作用的材料為經設計及配製以呈現必要黏彈性,產生膠黏性、剝離黏著性以及剪切保持力間之所欲平衡之聚合物。合適的PSA可基於交聯或非交聯之(甲基)丙烯酸聚合物、橡膠、熱塑性彈性體、聚矽氧、聚胺甲酸酯、及類似者,且可包括增黏劑以提供所欲之膠黏性以及其他添加劑。在一些實施例中,該PSA係基於(甲基)丙烯酸PSA或至少一(甲基)丙烯酸酯,其中(甲基)丙烯酸酯係指丙烯酸酯及甲基丙烯酸酯基團兩者。在一些實施例中,PSA係基於烯烴嵌段共聚物之黏著劑。例如,美國專利第4,726,982號(Traynor等人)及美國專利第5,965,256號(Barrera)中描述基於丙烯酸之壓敏性黏著劑。例如,美國專利第6,730,397號(Melancon等人)及美國專利第5,082,706號(Tangney)中描述基於聚矽氧之壓敏性黏著劑。例如,美
國專利申請公開案第2005/0137375號(Hansen等人)中描述基於聚胺甲酸酯之壓敏性黏著劑。例如,美國專利申請公開案第2014/0335299號(Wang等人)中描述基於烯烴嵌段共聚物之壓敏性黏著劑。
核可包括複數個黏著劑層。例如,核可包括相對硬的基於橡膠之黏著劑作為內層,其具有設置在內核層與(多個)可剝離黏著劑層之間的一較軟的基於丙烯酸PSA。作為另一實例,核可包括相對軟的基於丙烯酸之黏著劑作為內層,其具有設置在內核層與(多個)可剝離黏著劑層之間的相對較硬的基於橡膠之黏著劑。可選擇或修改核中黏著劑的特性以達到所欲的性質。
若在核中使用,則黏著劑可具有與(多個)可剝離黏著劑層不同的組成,以避免在任何核-黏著劑界面處增加內聚強度。替代地,黏著劑的表面可藉由離型材料或(多個)減弱層來改質,如上面所述。
本文所述的黏著劑物品中使用的黏著劑可以包括具有所欲性質的任何黏著劑。在一些實施例中,該黏著劑係可剝離的。在一些實施例中,當自黏附體的表面以約35°或更小的角度剝離該黏著劑物品時,該黏著劑自該黏附體之該表面乾淨地釋離。在一些實施例中,當自黏附體表面以約35°或更大的角度剝離該多層載體時,該可
剝離黏著劑自該黏附體表面釋離,使得實質上沒有黏著劑痕跡遺留在該黏附體表面上。
該黏著劑可係例如任何以下專利申請案中所述的任何黏著劑,其等全部係以引用方式併入本文中:國際公開案第WO/2015/035556號、第WO/2015/035960號、第WO/2017/136219號、第WO/2017/136188號、及美國專利申請案第2015/034104號、其等全部之全文係併入本文中。
在一些實施例中,該可剝離黏著劑係一壓敏性黏著劑。可以在壓敏性黏著劑中使用任何適當的組成物、材料或成分。例示性壓敏性黏著劑採用一或多個熱塑性彈性體,例如與一或多種增黏樹脂結合。在一些實施例中,黏著劑並非壓敏性黏著劑。
在一些實施例中,可剝離黏著層可包括橡膠、聚矽氧、或丙烯酸系黏著劑中之至少一者。在一些實施例中,可剝離黏著劑層可包括壓敏性黏著劑(PSA)。在一些實施例中,該可剝離黏著劑可包括膠黏橡膠黏著劑,例如,天然橡膠;烯烴;聚矽氧,例如聚矽氧聚脲或聚矽氧嵌段共聚物;合成橡膠黏著劑,例如聚異戊二烯、聚丁二烯、及苯乙烯-異戊二烯-苯乙烯、苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯以及苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、以及其它合成彈性體;以及膠黏或未膠黏丙烯酸黏著劑,例如丙烯酸異辛酯與丙烯酸之共聚物,其係可藉由輻射、溶解、懸浮、或乳化技術而被聚合;聚胺甲酸酯;聚矽氧嵌段共聚物;以及上述之組合。
一般而言,亦可包括在黏著劑配方中實用的任何已知的添加物。添加劑包括塑化劑、抗老化劑、紫外線穩定劑、著色劑、熱穩定劑、抗感染劑、填料、交聯劑,以及其混合物及組合。在某些實施例中,黏著劑可用纖維或纖維紗幕來強化,該纖維或纖維紗幕可包括無機纖維及/或有機纖維。合適的纖維紗幕可包括織造、非織造、或針織網或紗幕。例如,紗幕中的纖維可包括金屬線、陶瓷纖維、玻璃纖維(glass fiber)(例如,玻璃纖維(fiberglass))、及有機纖維(例如,天然及/或合成有機纖維)。
在一些實施例中,該黏著劑包括一增黏劑。一些例示性增黏劑包括下列中之至少一者:多萜、萜酚、松香酯、及/或松香酸。
在一些實施例中,該可剝離黏著劑係一可流動黏著劑,其可經塗佈至該背襯上。在一些實施例中,該可剝離黏著劑係一更加固態的黏著劑,如在例如德國專利第3331016號中大致說明者。
在一些實施例中,該可剝離黏著劑具有介於約攝氏-125度與約攝氏20度之間的Tg,如藉由tan δ峰值的動態力學分析所判定。在一些實施例中,該可剝離黏著劑具有介於約攝氏-70度與約攝氏0度之間的Tg。在一些實施例中,該可剝離黏著劑具有介於約攝氏-60度與約攝氏-20度之間的Tg。在一些實施例中,該可剝離黏著劑具有大於攝氏-80度、大於攝氏-70度、大於攝氏-60度、大於攝氏-50度、大於攝氏-40度、或大於攝氏-30度的Tg。在一些實施例中,該可剝離黏著劑具有小於攝氏20度、攝氏10度、攝氏0度、攝氏-10度、攝氏-20度、或攝氏-30度的Tg。
可用於本揭露之黏著劑物品中的一些可剝離黏著劑在25℃下具有約300,000Pa或更大、約400,000Pa或更大、約500,000Pa或更大、約1,000,000Pa或更大的儲存模數,如藉由動態機械分析所判定。在其他實施例中,該黏著劑在25℃下具有1,50,000Pa或更小、7550,000Pa或更小、500,00Pa或更小、400,000Pa或更小、300,000Pa或更小、或250,000Pa或更小的儲存模數,如藉由動態機械分析所判定。
在一些實施例中,該可剝離黏著劑在該核之該第一或第二主表面之至少一者上之厚度係約1μm至約1mm。
在一些實施例中,黏著劑之黏附性質可在自0.1N/dm至25N/dm之範圍內。在一些實施例中,該黏著劑之黏附性質可在自0.5N/dm至10N/dm之範圍內。在一些實施例中,該黏著劑之黏附性質可在自1N/dm至5N/dm之範圍內。
在一些實施例中,該可剝離黏著劑可提供例如每平方吋1至20磅的剪切強度,由ASTM Test Method D3654M-06所測量。
在一些實施例中,定製該可剝離黏著劑以在無損傷或最小損傷的情況下達成剝離。如此做的例示性方法及物品係描述於例如美國專利第6,835,452號及國際公開案第WO/2018/039584及第WO/2017/136188號中,各自全文併入本文中。
在一些實施例中,黏著劑物品進一步包括突片(tab)。該突片係使用者可輕易觸及的區域,以協助或開始自該黏附體釋離該黏著劑物品。移除的突片由於最外面的黏著劑層可以為膠黏性的,或者藉由經拉伸膜、非拉伸膜、離型襯墊等層覆蓋、或由於脫黏黏著劑而可為非膠黏性的。
在一些實施例中,黏著劑物品進一步包括一或多個離型襯墊。該離型襯墊可例如在該等黏著劑層之該等主表面的任一者或兩者上。離型襯墊在製造、運送期間、及使用之前保護黏著劑。當使用者欲使用黏著劑物品時,使用者可以剝離或移除離型襯墊以暴露黏著劑。合適的襯墊之實例包括紙(例如牛皮紙)或聚合物膜(例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、或聚酯)。該襯墊的至少一個表面可以一離型劑(例如聚矽氧、含氟化合物、或其他基於低表面能之離型材料)處理以提供一離型襯墊。合適的離型襯墊及用於處理襯墊之方法係描述於例如美國專利第4,472,480號、第4,980,443號、及第4,736,048號,其等係併入本文中。較佳的離型襯墊係氟烷基聚矽氧聚塗佈紙(fluoroalkyl silicone polycoated paper)。離型襯墊可以印有線、品牌標記、或其他資訊。
在一些實施例中,可以從一基材或表面移除本揭露之黏著劑物品而不會造成損傷。在特別有利的實施例中,該黏著劑物品可從塗漆乾牆及壁紙中之至少一者移除而不會造成損傷。
本揭露的一些黏著劑物品具有優異的剪切強度。本揭露的一些實施例具有大於1600分鐘的剪切強度,如按照ASTM D3654-
82量測。本揭露的一些實施例具有大於10,000分鐘的剪切強度,如根據ASTM D3654-82測量。本揭露的一些其他實施例具有大於100,000分鐘的剪切強度,如按照ASTM D3654-82量測。
本揭露之一些黏著劑物品展示出較低的90°剝離黏著強度,以使該黏著劑物品更容易移除。其他的展示出較高的90°剝離黏著強度,但仍可提供無損傷移除。本揭露之一些黏著劑物品可具有較高的90°剝離黏著強度,以容許使用者處置該黏著劑物品而不會意外分離。本揭露之一些實施例具有介於約10oz/in2至300oz/in2之間之90°剝離黏著強度。本揭露之一些實施例具有介於約50oz/in2至200oz/in2之間之90°剝離黏著強度。
根據重量懸掛測試,本揭露之一些黏著劑物品展示出改善的承重能力,固持0.5磅的重量至少24小時。在其他實施方案中,根據重量懸掛測試,本揭露之黏著劑物品展示出固持0.5磅的重量至少24小時。在目前較佳的實施例中,根據重量懸掛測試,本揭露之黏著劑物品展示出增強的承重能力,固持0.5磅的重量至少72小時。
本揭露的一些黏著劑物品在至少一個方向上具有大於50%的斷裂伸長率。本揭露的一些黏著劑物品在至少一個方向上具有介於約50%與約1200%之間的斷裂伸長率。
本揭露之一些黏著劑物品具有足夠高的斷裂抗拉強度,使得該黏著劑物品在以35°或更大的角度自黏附體移除之前不會破裂。
在一些實施例中,本揭露之黏著劑物品展現對基材或表面的適形性比先前技術的黏著固定物品增強。在一些實施例中,當黏附或附接於基材或表面時,本揭露的黏著劑物品固持比先前技術的黏著固定物品更多的重量。在一些實施例中,當黏附或附接於基材或表面時,本揭露的黏著劑物品固持比先前技術的黏著固定物品更多的重量持續更長的期間。在一些實施例中,本揭露的黏著劑物品維持黏附於有紋理、粗糙、或不規則表面的期間比先前技術的黏著固定物品更長。在一些實施例中,當黏附於有紋理、粗糙、或不規則表面時,本揭露的黏著劑物品固持比先前技術的黏著固定物品更高量的重量。
在一些實施例中,黏著劑物品基本上是光學透明的。一些實施例具有至少約50%的光透射度。一些實施例具有至少約75%的光透射度。一些實施例具有不大於40%的霧度。一些實施例具有不大於20%的一霧度。該黏著劑物品的光透射度及霧度兩者可使用例如ASTM D1003-95來判定。
在一些實施例中,黏著劑物品在10%應變下展現大於70%或大於80%或大於95%的彈性復原。在一些實施例中,黏著劑物品在25%應變下展現大於70%或大於80%或大於90%的彈性復原。在一些實施例中,該黏著劑物品在50%應變下展現大於70%或大於80%或大於90%或大於95%的一彈性復原。在一些實施例中,該黏著劑物品在100%應變下展現大於50%或大於70%或大於95%的彈性復原。
在一些實施例中,核可藉由減少、最小化、或消除核材料對剝離力的貢獻來防止或最小化基材的損傷,這有助於黏著劑的無
損傷移除。在一些實施例中,此可在範圍從0至180度的剝離角度下發生。在一些實施例中,當最終的黏著劑物品構造體以90至180度自黏附體剝離時,該核在剝離期間伸長小於1%。在一些實施例中,當該黏著劑物品構造體以90至180度自黏附體剝離時,該核在剝離期間伸長小於5%。在一些實施例中,當該構造體以90至180度自黏附體剝離時,該核在剝離期間伸長小於10%。在一些實施例中,當該物品以90至180度自黏附體剝離時,該核伸長多於10%應變,且彈性地復原該變形的超過80%。在一些實施例中,當以90至180度自黏附體剝離黏著劑時,該核伸長多於10%應變,且彈性地復原該變形的超過90%。在一些實施例中,當以90至180度自黏附體剝離黏著劑物品時,該核伸長多於10%應變,且彈性地復原該變形的超過95%。在一些實施例中,當以90至180度自黏附體剝離黏著劑物品時,該核伸長多於10%應變,且彈性地復原該變形的超過99%。
本揭露之黏著劑物品可有利地提供增強的承重能力同時減小或消除在移除時的基材損傷。因此,本揭露之目前較佳的實施例展示有效的承重能力、每平方吋可用黏著面積之更強黏著、以及從塗漆乾牆基材上之剝離可移除性而不損傷。
一些實施例進一步包括一耐用品或安裝裝置。例示性耐用品或安裝裝置包括例如鉤、把手、夾子、及環。在一些實施例中,耐用品類似於釘子。在一些實施例中,耐用品具有一單一向外的突伸
部,以充當一懸掛表面。在一些實施例中,耐用品具有多個向外的突伸部,以充當一懸掛表面。在一些實施例中,耐用品係模製成一形狀,該形狀可固持諸如但不限於箱子或罐子內的一或多個物品。在一些實施例中,耐用品是一架子、一壁架、或一機架。在一些實施例中,耐用品係一桿,其中該桿可以係直的或彎曲的或實質上是一環,其中該桿可安裝成平行或法向於基材表面。在一些實施例中,耐用品使用多種方法來安裝或懸掛物品。下列之安裝裝置之任一者可與本揭露之黏著劑物品使用:申請事項第77486US002號(轉讓給本受讓人)、美國專利第5,409,189號(Luhmann)、美國專利第5,989,708號(Kreckel)、第8,708,305號(McGreevy)、美國專利第5,507,464號(Hamerski等人)、美國專利第5,967,474號(doCanto等人)、美國專利第6,082,686號(Schumann)、美國專利第6,131,864號(Schumann)、美國專利第6,811,126號(Johansson等人)、美國專利第D665,653號、及美國專利第7,028,958號(Pitzen等人),其等全部之全文係以引用方式併入本文中。耐用品可以是要安裝至基材的任何物體。
在一些實施例中,耐用品在一個或多個地方經安裝到基材上,其中該等安裝位置中之一或多者含有在本發明中所述之一黏著劑物品。在一些實施例中,耐用品使用(多個)可移除物品與習知機械緊固件(包括但不限於釘子、螺絲、螺栓、及鉚釘)的組合來安裝。
在一些實施例中,耐用品由熱塑性聚合物製成。在一些實施例中,耐用品由熱固性聚合物製成。在一些實施例中,耐用品係使用聚烯烴材料製成。在一些實施例中,耐用品係使用聚碳酸酯材料製成。在一些實施例中,耐用品係使用高抗衝擊的聚苯乙烯製成。在一些實施例中,耐用品係使用丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)三聚物製成。在一些實施例中,耐用品係使用二或更多種聚合材料製成。在一些實施例中,耐用品由金屬製成。在一些實施例中,耐用品由不鏽鋼製成。在一些實施例中,金屬係塗漆的、上釉的、染色的、粉刷的、或塗覆的,以改變其外觀。在一些實施例中,耐用品由陶瓷製成。在一些實施例中,耐用品由上釉的陶瓷製成。在一些實施例中,耐用品由未上釉的陶瓷製成。在一些實施例中,耐用品係包含天然型材料,例如木材、竹材、粒片板、布料、帆布、或衍生自生物來源的材料、及類似者。在一些實施例中,天然型材料可以是塗漆的、上釉的、染色的、或塗覆的,以改變其外觀。在一些實施例中,耐用品係使用二或更多種來自上面列表的材料製成。在一些實施例中,耐用品係由可逆或不可逆地附接、連接、或熔接在一起的兩件製成。
在一些實施例中,耐用品包含兩個部件,其中第一部件充當一安裝表面用於將黏著劑物品附接到一基材,而第二部件充當一懸掛構件,該懸掛構件可用於將物體懸掛或安裝到基材上。這兩個部件可使用機械緊固件、魔鬼氈(hook and loop)材料或一額外黏著劑層可逆地附接。
可使用所屬技術領域中習知的任何方法製備耐用品。
在一些實施例中,(多個)可剝離黏著劑層及核可使用一層壓程序附接至耐用品。在一些實施例中,(多個)可剝離黏著劑層及核可使用多個層壓程序附接至耐用品。
在一些實施例中,在使用一或多個模具時,可以使用二或更多個射出成型步驟將核附接至耐用品。在一些實施例中,核及/或(多個)可剝離黏著劑層可由最終使用者手動附接。
本文所述之黏著劑物品可以各種方式製作。一個實施例涉及將一黏著劑設置到一核的一主表面上或相鄰於一核的一主表面設置。在一些實施例中,將一第二黏著劑設置到該核的另一主表面上。
可以任何已知方式將黏著劑設置在核上,包括例如可將壓敏性黏著劑組成物塗佈到一離型襯墊上、直接塗佈到一載體上、或形成為一分開的層(例如,塗佈到一離型襯墊上)接著再層壓到一載體。可將一黏著劑用一已知沉積方法沉積至一核上,包括例如溶劑塗佈方法、水性塗佈方法、或熱熔塗佈方法,例如刮刀塗佈、輥塗佈、逆輥塗佈、凹版塗佈、繞線棒塗佈、狹縫式孔口塗佈、狹縫式模頭塗佈、擠壓塗佈、或類似者。
黏著劑界面可藉由任何上述方法或以下實例中所述者來形成在核內,或沿著核的一或多個邊緣形成。
本揭露之可剝離物品可以各種方式使用。在一些實施例中,將黏著劑物品施加、附接於、或壓入黏附體。以這種方式,黏著劑物品接觸黏附體。在離型襯墊存在的情況下,在將黏著劑物品施加、附接於、或壓入黏附體之前移除離型襯墊。在一些實施例中,在將黏著劑物品施加、附接於、或壓入黏附體之前,用酒精擦拭至少一部分的黏附體。
為了自該黏附體移除該黏著劑物品,該黏著劑物品之至少一部分係自該黏附體剝離或拉離。在一些實施例中,拉伸角為35°或更小。在其中存在突片的實施例中,使用者可抓握該突片並使用該突片自該黏附體釋離或移除該黏著劑物品。
黏著劑物品可單獨使用、作為附接到一表面的許多物品中之一者使用、或作為一黏著劑物品堆疊的一部分使用。在後面實施方案中,所得構造會包括複數個彼此以垂直關係設置的黏著劑物品。
黏著劑物品可用於潮濕或高濕度環境中,諸如在浴室中可見到者。例如,彼等可黏附到廁所(例如,廁所水箱)、浴缸、水槽、及牆壁。黏著劑物品可用於淋浴間、更衣室、蒸汽室、游泳池、熱水浴缸、及廚房(例如,廚房水槽、洗碗機、及後防濺(back splash)區域、冰箱、及冷卻器)。黏著劑物品係亦可用於低溫應用,包括戶外應用及冰箱。可用的戶外應用包括將諸如標誌的物品黏合至戶外表面,諸如窗、門、及車輛。
黏著劑物品可用於將各種品項及物體安裝到諸如塗漆乾牆、石膏、混凝土、玻璃、陶瓷、玻璃纖維、金屬或塑料的表面。可安裝的品項包括但不限於壁掛、收納架、支架、籃子、容器、裝飾品(例如節日裝飾品)、日曆、海報、分配器、線夾、車身側面成型件(body side molding on vehicle)、提手、標誌應用(諸如道路標誌、車輛標記、運輸標記、及反光片)。
黏著劑物品可用於將品項及材料(諸如如防滑墊或抗疲勞墊)安裝到地板表面或浴缸或淋浴間的底部,或將諸如單條地毯(area rugs)的品項固定到地板上。黏著劑物品可用於各種接合及組裝應用,包括諸如黏附至少兩個容器(例如,盒)以便之後分離。黏著劑物品可用於各種緩衝及隔音應用,諸如用於放置在物體下方的緩衝材料、隔音片材、振動阻尼、以及其組合。黏著劑物品可用於各種閉合應用,包括容器閉合件(例如,盒閉合件,用於食品容器的閉合件、及用於飲料容器的閉合件)、尿布閉合件、及外科罩布閉合件。黏著劑物品可用於各種熱絕緣應用。黏著劑物品係可用於各種密封應用,諸如用於液體、蒸氣(例如,水氣)、及灰塵的墊圈。黏著劑物品係可用於各種標籤,諸如可移除標籤(例如,便箋、價格標籤、及容器上的識別標籤),並且用於標誌。黏著劑物品可用於各種醫療應用(例如,繃帶、傷口護理、及諸如在醫院環境中的醫療裝置標記)。黏著劑物品可用於各種緊固應用,諸如將一個物體(例如,花瓶或其他易碎物體)緊固到另一個物體(例如,桌子或書架)。黏著劑物品係可用於各種固定應用,諸如將鎖定機構的一或多個組件緊固到一基材
(例如,將一幼兒安全鎖黏附到衣櫃或櫥櫃)。黏著劑物品可用於各種篡改指示(tamper indicating)的應用(例如,物品之篡改指示)。亦可將黏著劑物品結合至各種其他構造體中,構造體包括但不限於磨料物品(例如,用於打磨)、用於打磨和拋光應用的物品(例如,擦光襯墊、盤襯墊、手墊、及拋光墊)、路面標記物品、地毯(例如,地毯的背襯)、及電子裝置(例如,將電池固定在手機或PDA(個人數位助理)的外殼內以防止非所要的移動)。
黏著劑物品(即,在黏著劑膠帶或單一物品中者)係可以任何有用的形式提供,包括例如膠帶、條帶、片材(例如,穿孔片材)、標籤、捲筒、帶材、圓盤、及套件(例如,用於安裝的物體及用於安裝該物體的膠帶)。同樣地,複數個黏著劑物品可以任何合適的形式(包括例如膠帶、條帶、片材(例如,穿孔片材)、標籤、捲筒、網、圓盤、套件、堆疊、標牌,以及其組合)以任何合適的包裝(包括例如分配器、袋、盒、及紙盒)提供。
還需要一種具有所欲光學性質的黏著劑物品,允許其用於將諸如光學透鏡或蓋子的基材附著到一光學顯示裝置,諸如行動電話或可攜式音樂播放器(例如,MP3播放器)。在此類終端用途應用中,可能所欲的是該黏著劑物品係光學清透的。
黏著劑物品亦可以係最初可重新定位的並且甚至在一些核疊設(in some core iterations)中可重複使用直到黏著劑層中的一層失去黏性為止。如本文中所使用,「可重新定位的(repositionable)」意指
將一黏著劑物品施加到一基材上,然後移除並重新施用而不會扭曲、損傷、或破壞該黏著劑物品、或基材。
1.一種黏著劑物品,其包含:一第一可剝離黏著劑層;一第二可剝離黏著劑層;一離散核,其設置在該第一可剝離黏著劑及該第二可剝離黏著劑之間,並且具有第一主表面及第二主表面,其中該核界定與該第一主表面重合的一核平面;及複數個黏著劑接觸區域,各黏著劑接觸區域在該第一黏著劑層與該第二黏著劑層之間包含一界面。
2.如實施例1之黏著劑物品,其中各界面存在於該核平面之外。
3.如實施例1或2之黏著劑物品,其中該核包括一多層膜。
4.如實施例3之黏著劑物品,其中該多層膜包括一膜核及至少一個表層。
5.如實施例1至4之黏著劑物品,其中該核包括一不連續的材料層。
6.如實施例1至4之黏著劑物品,其中該核包括一連續的材料層。
7.如實施例1至6之黏著劑物品,其中該第一黏著劑層係黏著性地黏合至該核。
8.如實施例1至7黏著劑物品,其中該核包含一非織造材料。
9.如實施例1至8之黏著劑物品,其中該核界定一系列的孔洞,並且其中各界面係位於一孔洞內。
10.如實施例1之黏著劑物品,其中該核包括與該第一黏著劑接觸的一第三黏著劑,並且其中在各界面處的該剝離強度係大於在該第一黏著劑與該第三黏著劑之間的該剝離強度。
11.如實施例1至2之黏著劑物品,其中該核由複數個粒子組成,該等粒子的尺寸足以防止該第一黏著劑層與該第二黏著劑層接觸。
12.如實施例11之黏著劑物品,其中該等粒子係選自由木材、金屬、金屬氧化物、陶瓷、及其組合所組成之群組。
13.如實施例1之黏著劑物品,其中物品包括在該第一黏著劑層與該核之間的一核界面,並且其中在該等黏著劑界面處的黏著劑黏合強度係大於在該核界面處的黏著劑黏合強度。
14.如前述實施例中任一者之黏著劑物品,其中在法向於該核平面的一方向上施加力會導致在該核內結構完整性的損失。
15.如前述實施例中任一者之黏著劑物品,其中該核界定一周緣,並且其中該等黏著劑接觸區域圍繞該周緣。
16.如實施例15之黏著劑物品,其中該等黏著劑接觸區域包括沿著該周緣之一部分延伸的至少一個連續接縫。
17.如實施例1至16之黏著劑物品,其中該核界定一周緣邊界,並且其中該等黏著劑接觸區域係設置在該邊界內。
18.一種用於安裝物體之黏著劑物品,該物品包含:一第一剝離離型黏著劑層;一第二剝離離型黏著劑層;一核,其界定一周緣邊
界,該核設置在該第一黏著劑層與該第二黏著劑層之間;及複數個接縫,其等沿著該周緣邊界之至少一部分延伸,其中該等接縫包含在該第一黏著劑層與該第二黏著劑層之間的一界面。
19.如實施例18之黏著劑物品,其中該複數個接縫包括沿著該邊界之至少兩側邊延伸的一接縫。
20.如實施例18至19之黏著劑物品,其中該複數個接縫圍繞該邊界。
21.如實施例18至20之黏著劑物品,其中該邊界的一形狀係正方形、矩形、圓形、卵形、及四面體中之一者。
22.如實施例18至21之黏著劑物品,其中該核包含一層非織造材料。
23.如實施例22之黏著劑物品,其中該核包含設置在該非織造材料與該第一黏著劑層之間的一離型層。
24.如實施例18至23之黏著劑物品,其中該核界定一平面,該平面係實質上平行於在該第一黏著劑層與該核之間的一界面。
25.如實施例24之黏著劑物品,其中該物品的90°度黏著強度係至少40oz/in2。
26.如實施例18至25之黏著劑物品,其中該物品係黏附至一表面,且該第一黏著劑層係以至少35度的一剝離角度從該表面移除,該核對該剝離力實質上沒有貢獻。
27.如實施例26之黏著劑物品,其中該第一黏著劑層係黏合至該核,並且其中該第一黏著劑層從該等安裝表面的移除會導致該第一黏著劑從該核脫黏。
28.如實施例18至27之黏著劑物品,其中該第一黏著劑層從該安裝表面的移除不會導致該等接縫之至少一者的脫黏。
29.如實施例18之黏著劑物品,並且其進一步在該第一黏著劑層之與該核相對的一表面上包含一離型襯墊。
30.如實施例18至29之黏著劑物品,並且其進一步在該第一黏著劑層之與該核相對的一表面上包含一耐用品。
31.如實施例18至29之黏著物品,並且其進一步在該第一黏著劑層之與該核相對的一表面上包含一框架或一海報。
32.如實施例18至29之黏著劑物品,其中該核具有介於約50psi與約5000psi之間的一拉伸及/或彈性模數,如根據ASTM D638所測得者。
33.如實施例18之黏著劑物品,其中該核係光學清透的。
34.如實施例18之黏著劑物品,其中該核包括一多層膜,該多層膜包含:一核層,該核層包含下列中之至少一者:一彈性體材料、一彈性體聚合物、SEBS、SEPS、SIS、SBS、聚胺甲酸酯、乙基乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、乙基丙烯酸甲酯(EMA)、超低線性密度聚乙烯(ULLDPE)、氫化聚丙烯、及其組合或摻合物;及一第一表層,該第一表層包含下列中之至少一者:聚丙烯、聚乙烯、高密度聚乙
烯(HDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、線性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、聚胺甲酸酯、EVA、EMA、一黏著劑、及其組合或摻合物。
35.一種用於將一物體安裝到一表面的黏著劑物品,該物品包括:一第一黏著劑層;一第二黏著劑層;一核,其界定一周緣,該核設置在該第一黏著劑層與該第二黏著劑層之間;及複數個黏著劑接觸區域,其中該等黏著劑接觸區域在該第一黏著劑層與該第二黏著劑層之間包含一界面,並且其中該等黏著劑接觸區域係位於該核之該周緣內。
36.如實施例35之黏著劑物品,其中該核包含一非織造物。
37.如實施例35之黏著劑物品,其中該核包含複數個粒子,該等粒子的尺寸足以防止該第一黏著劑層與該第二黏著劑層的一部分形成一界面。
38.如實施例35之黏著劑物品,其中該核包括一孔洞,並且其中該等黏著劑接觸區域之至少一者係位於該孔洞內。
39.如前述實施例中任一者之黏著劑物品,其中當以約35°或更大的一角度從一黏附體的一表面剝離該黏著劑物品時,該物品會從該黏附體表面釋離。
40.如前述實施例中任一者之黏著劑物品,其中該黏著劑物品自一黏附體移除而無損傷。
41.如實施例35之黏著劑物品,其中當以大於35度的一角度移除該黏著劑物品時,至少該第一黏著劑層會從該核脫黏,並且其中當
以大於35度的一角度移除該黏著劑物品時,該第一黏著劑層不會在該等界面之各者處從第二黏著劑層脫黏。
42.如前述實施例中任一者之黏著劑物品,其中該可剝離黏著劑包括SBS、SBR、SIS、SEBS、丙烯酸酯、及/或聚胺甲酸酯中之至少一者。
43.如前述實施例中任一者之黏著劑物品,其中該可剝離黏著劑包括下列增黏劑中之至少一者:多萜、萜酚、松香酯、烴、C5樹脂、C9樹脂、及/或松香酸。
44.如前述實施例中任一者之黏著劑物品,其中該可剝離黏著劑包括下列中之至少一者:丙烯酸酯、聚胺甲酸酯、膠黏橡膠黏著劑(諸如天然橡膠);烯烴;聚矽氧,例如聚矽氧聚脲;合成橡膠黏著劑,例如聚異戊二烯、聚丁二烯、及苯乙烯-異戊二烯-苯乙烯、苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯以及苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、SBR、SEBS、及其他合成彈性體;以及膠黏或未膠黏丙烯酸黏著劑,例如丙烯酸異辛酯與丙烯酸之共聚物,其係可藉由輻射、溶解、懸浮、或乳化技術而被聚合;聚胺甲酸酯;聚矽氧嵌段共聚物;及其組合。
45.一種用於安裝到一表面之物體,該物體包含:一耐用品,其具有一第一主表面;一離散核,其界定與該耐用品接觸的一第一表面及與該第一表面相對的一第二表面;及一黏著劑層,其黏合到該耐用品的該第一主表面及該核的該第二表面兩者,其中將該黏著
劑從該耐用品移除所需的剝離離型力大於使該黏著劑從該核脫黏或造成該核分層脫離中之至少一者所需的剝離離型力。
46.如實施例45之安裝物體,其中該耐用品包括鉤、把手、夾子、罐子、箱子、及/或環中之至少一者。
47.一種使用一黏著劑物品之方法,其包含:使實施例1至46中任一者之黏著劑物品與一黏附體表面接觸。
48.如實施例47之方法,其進一步包含:從該黏附體表面剝離該黏著劑物品,以從該黏附體表面移除該黏著劑物品的至少一部分,其中以35°或更大的一角度剝離該黏著劑物品。
49.如實施例48之方法,其中在該從該黏附體表面剝離該黏著劑物品的步驟期間,該核的結構完整性係遭到減弱。
50.如請求項48或49之方法,其中該從該黏附體表面剝離該黏著劑物品會造成該第一黏著劑層從該核脫黏。
51.如實施例48至50之方法,其中在剝離該黏著劑物品期間在黏著劑接觸區域處第一黏著劑層維持黏合到該第二黏著劑層。
下列實例描述建構本申請案之範疇內之各種實施例的一些例示性構造及方法。以下實例係意欲在說明,但這些實例中詳述的特定材料及其用量、以及其他條件及細節不應解讀為不當地限制本揭露。
表1.材料及供應商資訊
藉由以下方法評估剝離黏著強度及可移除性。在中等壓力(大約5磅)下用手將測試構造體施加到黏附體上持續5秒鐘。在測試之前,將黏附樣本在72℉(22℃)、50%相對濕度下老化3天。緊接在測試之前,移除黏著劑構造的餘留襯墊,並且將不鏽鋼薄墊片
(6"×2"×0.031",得自ChemInstruments,West Chester Township,OH)以中等壓力(大約5磅)施加到黏著劑頂部表面持續5秒鐘。將黏附體及不鏽鋼薄墊片的暴露邊緣放置在INSTRON萬能試驗機上的相對夾具中。使用INSTRON萬能試驗機以12in/min(30.5cm/min)的夾頭速度進行剪切測試,直到該構造體從黏附體表面上移除。記錄隨夾頭位移而變的負荷元力(load cell force)。針對各樣本測試四重複。
藉由以下方法評估剝離黏著強度及可移除性。在中等壓力(大約5磅)下用手將測試構造體施加到黏附體上持續5秒鐘。在測試之前,將黏附樣本在72℉(22℃)、50%相對濕度下老化3天。緊接在測試之前,移除黏著劑構造的餘留襯墊,並且將鋁t形棒(Aluminum 6061-T6裸t形棒1.5"×1.5"×0.25"切割成1.5",OnlineMetals,Seattle WA))以中等壓力(大約5磅)施加到黏著劑頂部表面持續5秒鐘。將黏附體夾在平坦表面上,並且將鋁t形棒放置在INSTRON萬能試驗機的頂部夾具中。使用INSTRON萬能試驗機以12in/min(30.5cm/min)的夾頭速度進行剝離測試,直到該構造體從黏附體表面上移除。記錄隨夾頭位移而變的負荷元力(load cell force)。若任何黏著劑殘留在黏附體上,則用手將其移除,以更好地觀察損傷程度。針對各樣本測試四重複。損傷目視評估如下:0-沒有損傷、1-小漆料氣泡(小於10%表面積)、2-大漆料氣泡(大於10%表面
積)、3-小紙材撕裂、4-紙材撕裂/損傷(<50%)、5-紙材撕裂損傷(>50%)。針對各樣本測試二重複。
首先,在中等壓力(約5磅)下用手將測試構造體施加到1.25吋乘以1.35吋的射出成型聚碳酸酯鉤上持續5秒鐘,每個鉤具有30密耳的厚度及圖11中所示的類型。然後在中等壓力(約5磅持續5秒鐘)下用手將鉤及黏著劑構造體施加到黏附體上,使得該鉤位於該構造體的底部,允許懸掛重量。在施加到牆板黏附體上之後,立即將含有鋼珠(0.5磅)的塑料袋懸掛在鉤子上。在懸掛1、24、48、及72小時之後觀察樣品,並在每個時間點上記錄失效。除實例9為2重複之外,所有樣本都測試3重複。性能值係一給定實例之所有重複的平均懸掛時間,使得最大性能值會是72小時而最小會是0小時。
由INSTRON Bluehill 3軟體的原始數據輸出判定各個黏著強度測試的峰值力,該軟體記錄夾頭的位移及力(oz)。然後將峰值力除以有效黏著面積以獲得每單位面積(平方吋)的力(盎司)。
用於剝離測試之乾牆板(得自Materials Company,Metzger Building,saint Paul,MN)塗有Sherwin-Williams
DURATION Interior Acrylic Latex Ben Bone White Paint(Sherwin-Williams Company,Cleveland,OH),而用於重量懸掛測試者塗有Behr Premium Plus Ultra Flat Egyptian Nile Paint & Primer in One Interior Paint(Behr Process Corporation,Santa Ana,CA)。
塗漆程序:漆料之第一次塗佈係藉由漆料滾筒施加於一板,接著在環境條件下風乾大約1小時。於使用前在環境條件下施加第二次漆料塗佈並在環境條件下乾燥達至少7天。
實例中所使用之多層膜係藉由使用一連續共擠壓製程(如針對美國專利第5,501,679中之實例3所述者),將一片彈性體核材料與兩個表層(一個在該彈性體核層的任一側上)一起共擠出來製備。多層膜構造體之細節係提供於表3中。該膜類似於PCT公開案WO2017/136432的實例16
非織造網係得自3M Company,St.Paul Mn,該網係美國專利第8,162,153號中所述的一般類型。該網係具有每平方公尺65克的基礎重量及18.40μm的有效纖維直徑(如‘153專利中所定義及描述)的紡黏網。
黏著劑1:壓敏性黏著劑組成物係製備成具有15:85比率的KRATON D1184對SOLPRENE 1205作為彈性體組分及基於100份總彈性體之35份總增黏劑組分。將全部組分連同甲苯加至一玻璃罐以製作大約30%固體的溶液。罐係經密封,且在塗佈前藉由將罐放置於約2至6rpm的滾筒上達至少24小時以徹底混合內容物。
黏著劑2:基於聚矽氧聚脲嵌段共聚物之壓敏性黏著劑組成物係根據在美國專利第6,569,521號中針對實例28所述之方法製備,除了該組成物係製備成具有50重量%MQ樹脂量。
黏著劑1:將上述之壓敏性黏著劑組成物刮刀塗佈在具有一聚矽氧離型表面之一紙襯墊帶材上。該紙襯墊帶材速度為2.75公尺/min。在塗佈後,使該帶材通過具有三個溫度區之11公尺長(總停留時間4分鐘)之烘箱。在區1(2.75公尺)之溫度為57℃;在區2(2.75公尺)之溫度為71℃;在區3(約5.5公尺)之溫度為82℃。該經乾燥黏著劑的厚度(caliper)係大約2.0密耳厚。接著將轉移黏著劑儲存在環境條件下。
黏著劑2:將壓敏性黏著劑組成物刮刀塗佈在具有一聚矽氧離型表面之一紙襯墊帶材上。該紙襯墊帶材速度為2.75公尺/min。在塗佈後,使該帶材通過具有三個溫度區之11公尺長(總停留時間4分鐘)之烘箱。在區1(2.75公尺)之溫度為57℃;在區2(2.75公尺)之溫度係80℃;在區3(約5.5公尺)之溫度為93℃。
該經乾燥黏著劑的厚度(caliper)係大約2.5至3.0密耳厚。接著將該轉移黏著劑儲存在環境條件下。
對照組1:電暈處理一非織造纖維網(大約6"×12")的一側。將襯墊上的黏著劑用手層壓到該表面上,接著以40PSI的壓力在大約12吋/分鐘的速度下通過一滾筒層壓機。接著將非織造網的第二(暴露)側進行電暈處理,然後將襯墊上的黏著劑用手層壓,並在相同條件下通過滾筒層壓機。最後,以100PSI在12吋/分鐘的速度下將整個構造體傳送通過滾筒層壓機。將1"×1"的正方形黏著劑構造體從已組裝層壓體模切出來。
對照組2:將黏著劑放在襯墊之間並模切成1"×1"正方形。移除一個襯墊,使得黏著劑正方形的一側暴露,並且將兩個正方形用手層壓在一起。
實例1至6:將黏著劑放在襯墊之間並模切成1.25"×1.25"正方形。移除一個襯墊,使得黏著劑正方形的一側暴露。將核材料(參見下文)置於暴露黏著劑中心,使得在構造體周緣周圍留下暴露黏著劑的0.125"邊界。接著將第二黏著劑正方形層壓在頂部並用手密封,使得0.125"邊界在該核周圍形成一接縫。
■實例1及2:1"×1"模切非織造正方形
■實例3:塗覆有SMOOTH-ON離型噴劑的多層膜(根據製造商規格施加)
■實例4:在冷凍器(約10℉)中冷卻1.0克的GAK,接著成形為大約1"×1"正方形,然後在黏著劑之間密封
■實施例5:將0.05克玻璃泡置於黏著劑正方形的中心,並且鋪開以覆蓋大約1"×1"正方形,然後在黏著劑之間密封。
■實例6:將1"×1"正方形從離型襯墊材料模切出來。將兩片離型襯墊疊起來,使得經離型劑塗佈之側彼此相對並且面向黏著劑表面。
實例7至8:將黏著劑放襯墊之間,並且模切成1"×1"正方形。用手將非織造核材料以1/16"中空沖頭來沖壓,使得在核材料中形成1/16"間隙。間隙係以每個核9個孔的密度3/8"中心至中心隔開。移除一個襯墊,使得黏著劑正方形的一側暴露。用手將核材料層壓在黏著劑層之間,使得模切的孔形成接縫。
實例9:將黏著劑放在襯墊之間並模切成1.25"×1.25"正方形及1"×1"正方形。核材料的建構方式如下:從3M二次離型襯墊5002模切出1"×1"正方形,接著層壓1"×1"襯墊-1"×1"黏著劑-1"×1"襯墊之堆疊,使得非離型部分面向內朝向1"×1"黏著劑正方形並且離型表面面向外。用手將該3層核以1/16"中空沖頭來沖壓,使得在核材料中形成1/16"間隙。間隙係以每個核9個孔的密度3/8"中心至中心隔開。移除一個襯墊,使得1.25"×1.25"黏著劑正方形的一側暴露。用手將核材料層壓在1.25"×1.25"黏著劑層之間,使得模切的孔形成接縫。
比較例1至4:以最接近1"×1"正方形佔有面積的格式將樣本施加到如接收時之黏附體。
搭接剪切指示出一物品因剪切而失效所需的力。數據顯示,針對一給定的黏著劑組成,一實心黏著劑塊(對照組2)給出了最高值,但會造成損傷。如本發明中所述,核的存在提供了無損傷離型但是犧牲了剪切強度。核及接縫的存在(實施例1至9)改善了剪切性能,同時保持兩個剛性表面之間的無損傷剝離移除。相比之下,比較例雖然顯示出不同程度的剪切性能,但各皆造成損傷。重量懸掛測試數據顯示,可同時微調核的組成及接縫的格式以影響重量懸掛性能。
由端點表述的所有數字範圍旨在包括在該範圍之內包含的所有數字(亦即,範圍1至10舉例而言包括1、1.5、3.33及10)。
本文中所引用之專利、專利文件、及專利申請案係以引用方式全文併入本文中,如同各上述文獻係以引用方式個別併入。對
所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者將顯而易見的是,在不偏離上述發明概念的情況下可作出各種改變及修改。因此,本揭露之範圍不應限於本文中所述的結構。所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者將了解,可對上述的實施例及實施方案而做出許多變化,而不偏離其等之基本原則。再者,本發明中的各種修改與變更對於所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者將為顯而易見且不悖離本發明之精神及範疇。因此,本申請案之範疇應僅由下列之申請專利範圍及其均等物判定。
Claims (20)
- 一種黏著劑物品,其包含:一第一可剝離黏著劑層;一第二可剝離黏著劑層;一離散核,其設置在該第一可剝離黏著劑及該第二可剝離黏著劑之間,並且具有第一主表面及第二主表面,其中該核界定與該第一主表面重合的一核平面;及複數個黏著劑接觸區域,各黏著劑接觸區域在該第一黏著劑層與該第二黏著劑層之間包含一界面。
- 如請求項1之黏著劑物品,其中各界面存在於該核平面之外。
- 如請求項1之黏著劑物品,其中該第一黏著劑層係黏著性地黏合至該核。
- 如請求項1之黏著劑物品,其中該核包括一非織造材料。
- 如請求項1之黏著劑物品,其中該核界定一系列的孔洞,並且其中各界面係位於一孔洞內。
- 如請求項1或2之黏著劑物品,其中該核由複數個粒子組成,該等粒子的尺寸足以防止該第一黏著劑層與該第二黏著劑層接觸,並且其中該等粒子係選自由木材、金屬、金屬氧化物、陶瓷、及其組合所組成之群組。
- 如請求項1至5之黏著劑物品,其中物品包括在該第一黏著劑層與該核之間的一核界面,並且其中在該等黏著劑界面處的黏著劑黏合強度係大於在該核界面處的黏著劑黏合強度。
- 如請求項1至5之黏著劑物品,其中在法向於該核平面的一方向 上施加力會導致在該核內結構完整性的損失。
- 如請求項1至5之黏著劑物品,其中該核界定一周緣,並且其中該等黏著劑接觸區域圍繞該周緣。
- 如請求項9之黏著劑物品,其中該等黏著劑接觸區域包括沿著該周緣之一部分延伸的至少一個連續接縫。
- 如請求項1或2之黏著劑物品,其中該核界定一周緣邊界,並且其中該等黏著劑接觸區域係設置在該邊界內。
- 一種用於安裝物體之黏著劑物品,該物品包含:一第一剝離離型黏著劑層;一第二剝離離型黏著劑層;一核,其界定一周緣邊界,該核設置在該第一黏著劑層與該第二黏著劑層之間;及複數個接縫,其等沿著該周緣邊界之至少一部分延伸,其中該等接縫包含在該第一黏著劑層與該第二黏著劑層之間的一界面。
- 如請求項12之黏著劑物品,其中該複數個接縫包括沿著該邊界之至少兩側邊延伸的一接縫。
- 如請求項12之黏著劑物品,其中該核包含一層非織造材料,並且其中該核包括設置在該非織造材料與該第一黏著劑層之間的一離型層。
- 如請求項12之黏著劑物品,其中該核界定一平面,該平面係實質上平行於在該第一黏著劑層與該核之間的一界面。
- 如請求項12之黏著劑物品,其中該第一黏著劑層係黏合至該核,並且其中該第一黏著劑層從安裝表面的移除之至少一者導致 該第一黏著劑從該核脫黏;並且該第一黏著劑層從該安裝表面的移除不會導致該等接縫之至少一者的脫黏。
- 一種用於將一物體安裝到一表面的黏著劑物品,該物品包含:一第一黏著劑層;一第二黏著劑層;一核,其界定一周緣,該核設置在該第一黏著劑層與該第二黏著劑層之間;及複數個黏著劑接觸區域,其中該等黏著劑接觸區域在該第一黏著劑層與該第二黏著劑層之間包含一界面,並且其中該等黏著劑接觸區域係位於該核之該周緣內。
- 如請求項17之黏著劑物品,其中該核包括一孔洞,並且其中該等黏著劑接觸區域之至少一者係位於該孔洞內。
- 如請求項17之黏著劑物品,其中當以大於35度的一角度移除該黏著劑物品時,至少該第一黏著劑層會從該核脫黏,並且其中當以大於35度的一角度移除該黏著劑物品時,該第一黏著劑層不會在該等界面之各者處從該第二黏著劑層脫黏。
- 一種使用一黏著劑物品之方法,其包含:使如請求項1、12、及17中任一項之黏著劑物品與一黏附體表面接觸;及從該黏附體表面剝離該黏著劑物品,以從該黏附體表面移除該黏著劑物品的至少一部分,其中以35°或更大的一角度剝離該黏著劑物品,其中在該從該黏附體表面剝離該黏著劑物品的步驟期間,該核的結構完整性係遭到減弱。
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JP2017061585A (ja) * | 2015-09-23 | 2017-03-30 | 日東電工株式会社 | 接着シート及び接着シート貼り付け方法 |
WO2017083289A1 (en) | 2015-11-11 | 2017-05-18 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Shape retaining flat-fold respirator |
US20190062600A1 (en) | 2016-02-01 | 2019-02-28 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Adhesive compositions |
JP2019508536A (ja) | 2016-02-01 | 2019-03-28 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 剥離除去取付のためのフィルムバッキング |
AU2017213691B2 (en) | 2016-02-01 | 2019-08-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Folding flap hanger device having multiple peel fronts |
CN108603087A (zh) | 2016-02-01 | 2018-09-28 | 3M创新有限公司 | 改善的压敏粘合剂组合物 |
EP3504450A4 (en) | 2016-08-26 | 2020-04-22 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | ADHESIVE MOUNTING DEVICES |
EP3600888A4 (en) | 2017-03-28 | 2021-01-13 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | CONFORMABLE ADHESIVE ARTICLES |
JP7237063B2 (ja) | 2017-08-25 | 2023-03-10 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 損傷のない取り外しを可能にする接着性物品 |
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2018
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CN111032331B (zh) | 2022-05-13 |
JP6931741B2 (ja) | 2021-09-08 |
JP7182663B2 (ja) | 2022-12-02 |
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US10927277B2 (en) | 2021-02-23 |
TWI795430B (zh) | 2023-03-11 |
KR102245418B1 (ko) | 2021-04-27 |
US20210171805A1 (en) | 2021-06-10 |
BR112020003779A2 (pt) | 2020-09-01 |
EP3672795A1 (en) | 2020-07-01 |
JP2021152170A (ja) | 2021-09-30 |
CA3073941A1 (en) | 2019-02-28 |
CN111032331A (zh) | 2020-04-17 |
WO2019040862A1 (en) | 2019-02-28 |
AU2018320963B2 (en) | 2021-01-28 |
EP3672795A4 (en) | 2021-05-12 |
AU2018320963A1 (en) | 2020-03-05 |
KR20200038307A (ko) | 2020-04-10 |
JP2020529512A (ja) | 2020-10-08 |
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