TW201924496A - 接合體及絕緣電路基板 - Google Patents

接合體及絕緣電路基板 Download PDF

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Publication number
TW201924496A
TW201924496A TW107138890A TW107138890A TW201924496A TW 201924496 A TW201924496 A TW 201924496A TW 107138890 A TW107138890 A TW 107138890A TW 107138890 A TW107138890 A TW 107138890A TW 201924496 A TW201924496 A TW 201924496A
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
layer
ceramic substrate
copper
active metal
circuit board
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TW107138890A
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English (en)
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TWI813593B (zh
Inventor
寺伸幸
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日商三菱綜合材料股份有限公司
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    • C04B37/00Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
    • C04B37/02Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/34Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
    • H01L23/36Selection of materials, or shaping, to facilitate cooling or heating, e.g. heatsinks
    • H01L23/373Cooling facilitated by selection of materials for the device or materials for thermal expansion adaptation, e.g. carbon
    • H01L23/3731Ceramic materials or glass
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    • B23K1/0008Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B23K1/00Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
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    • B23K1/00Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/19Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering taking account of the properties of the materials to be soldered
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    • B23K1/20Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
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    • B23K20/02Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press ; Diffusion bonding
    • B23K20/023Thermo-compression bonding
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    • B23K20/16Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating with interposition of special material to facilitate connection of the parts, e.g. material for absorbing or producing gas
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    • B23K20/233Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded without ferrous layer
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    • B23K35/001Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces
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Abstract

本發明係一種接合體及絕緣電路基板,其中,接合Si系陶瓷所成之陶瓷構件(11),和銅或銅合金所成之銅構件(12)所成之接合體(10),在形成於陶瓷構件(11)與銅構件(12)之間的接合層(30)中,於陶瓷構件(11)側,形成有含有活性金屬之化合物所成之結晶質的活性金屬化合物層(31)。

Description

接合體及絕緣電路基板
本發明係有關接合陶瓷構件與銅構件所成之接合體,具備此接合體之絕緣電路基板。
本申請係依據於2017年11月2日,申請於日本國之日本特願2017-213155號、及於2018年10月30日,申請於日本國之日本特願2018-204040號而主張優先權,將其內容援用於此。
在LED或功率模組等之半導體裝置,係作為接合有半導體元件於導電材料所成之電路層上之構造。
在為了控制風力發電,電動汽車,混合動力汽車等所使用之大電力控制用的功率半導體元件中,係從發熱量為多之情況,作為搭載如此之基板,係自以往加以廣泛使用具備:例如Si3 N4 (氮化矽)等所成之陶瓷基板,和於此陶瓷基板之一方的面,接合導電性優越之金屬板而形成之電路層的絕緣電路基板。然而,作為絕緣電路基板,係亦加以提供接合金屬板於陶瓷基板之另一方的面而形成金屬層之構成。
另外,對於專利文獻1係加以提案有:於陶瓷基板之一方的面及另一方的面,經由接合銅板而形成電路層及金屬層之電路基板。在此電路基板中,於陶瓷基板之一方的面及另一方的面,使Ag-Cu-Ti系焊料材介入存在而配置銅板,再經由進行加熱處理之時而加以接合銅板(所謂活性金屬焊接法)。在此活性金屬焊接法中,使用含有活性金屬之Ti的焊料材之故,熔融之焊料材與陶瓷基板之潤濕性則提升,而良好地接合陶瓷基板與銅板。
在此,對於經由記載於專利文獻1之活性金屬焊接法而接合陶瓷基板與銅板之情況,係成為於陶瓷基板與銅板之接合界面,形成有TiN層者。此TiN層係硬且脆之故,有著在冷熱循環負荷時對於陶瓷基板產生有斷裂之虞。
因此,對於專利文獻2係提案有:於銅構件與陶瓷構件的接合界面,形成有含有活性元素與氧的活性元素氧化物層,而此活性元素氧化物層之厚度則作為5nm以上200nm以下之範圍內的接合體。
在此構成之接合體中,因形成於銅構件與陶瓷構件的接合界面之活性元素氧化物層的厚度則作為5nm以上之故,成為可確實地接合陶瓷構件與銅構件,確保接合強度者。另一方面,因活性元素氧化物層的厚度則作為200nm以下之故,比較硬且脆的活性元素氧化物層的厚度為薄,而可抑制例如經由冷熱循環負荷時之熱應力而對於陶瓷構件產生斷裂之情況。

[先前技術文獻]
[專利文獻]
[專利文獻1] 日本專利第3211856號公報
[專利文獻2] 日本專利第5828352號公報
[發明欲解決之課題]
但在上述之絕緣電路基板之電路層中,有著超音波接合端子材之情況。
在此,對於形成於陶瓷構件側的活性金屬氧化物層則為非晶質之情況,係在負荷超音波時,有著將非晶質之活性金屬氧化物層作為起點而產生有龜裂,而電路層產生剝離之虞。
此發明係有鑑於上述之情事所作為之構成,其目的為提供:即使為進行超音波接合之情況,亦可控制陶瓷構件與銅構件的剝離之接合體,及絕緣電路基板者。

[為了解決課題之手段]
為了解決上述課題,本發明之接合體係接合Si系陶瓷所成之陶瓷構件,和銅或銅合金所成之銅構件所成之接合體,其特徵為在形成於前述陶瓷構件與前述銅構件之間的接合層中,於前述陶瓷構件側,形成有含有活性金屬之化合物所成之結晶質的活性金屬化合物層者。
在此構成之接合體中,於形成於前述陶瓷構件與前述銅構件之間的接合層的前述陶瓷構件側,因形成有含有活性金屬之化合物所成之結晶質的活性金屬化合物層之故,即使在負荷超音波之情況,亦可抑制將活性金屬化合物層作為起點而產生有龜裂之情況,進而可抑制陶瓷構件與銅構件之剝離者。
在此,在本發明之接合體中,前述活性金屬化合物層之厚度則作為1.5nm以上150nm以下之範圍內為佳。
如根據此構成之接合體,前述活性金屬化合物層之厚度則因作為1.5nm以上150nm以下之範圍內之故,於接合界面存在有適度厚度之活性金屬化合物層,而可抑制在負荷冷熱循環時產生斷裂之情況,對於冷熱循環信賴性優越。
另外,在本發明之接合體中,前述活性金屬化合物層係具有活性金屬之氮化物,或活性金屬之氧化物之任一者為佳。
如根據此構成之接合體,前述活性金屬化合物層則因包含活性金屬之氮化物,活性金屬之氧化物之故,陶瓷構件與銅構件的接合性則提升,而更可抑制在負荷超音波時之陶瓷構件與銅構件之剝離者。
本發明之絕緣電路基板係具備前述接合體之絕緣電路基板,其特徵為具備:前述陶瓷構件所成之陶瓷基板,和形成於此陶瓷基板之一方的面之前述銅構件所成之電路層者。
如根據此構成之絕緣電路基板,作為前述接合體,因具備前述陶瓷構件所成之陶瓷基板,和形成於此陶瓷基板之一方的面之前述銅構件所成之電路層之故,即使為對於電路層而言適用超音波接合之情況,亦可抑制在陶瓷基板與電路層之接合部產生有龜裂之情況,進而可抑制電路層與陶瓷基板之剝離者。
在此,在本發明之絕緣電路基板中,於與前述陶瓷基板之前述電路層相反側的面,形成有金屬層者為佳。
此情況,經由形成於與前述陶瓷基板之前述電路層相反側的面之金屬層,成為可效率佳地散熱電路層側的熱。另外,可抑制陶瓷基板之彎曲的產生者。
另外,在本發明之絕緣電路基板中,前述金屬層係作為銅或銅合金所成之構成。
此情況,於與陶瓷基板之電路層相反側的面,因形成有銅或銅合金所成之金屬層之故,可實現對於散熱性優越之絕緣電路基板。
另外,在本發明之絕緣電路基板中,前述金屬層係作為鋁或鋁合金所成之構成。
此情況,於與陶瓷基板之電路層相反側的面,經由接合變形阻抗小之鋁或鋁合金所成之金屬層之時,在加上熱應力於陶瓷基板時,可經由鋁或鋁合金所成之金屬層而吸收此熱應力,進而成為可抑制經由陶瓷基板之熱應力的破損者。

[發明效果]
如根據本發明,即使為進行超音波接合之情況,亦可提供可抑制陶瓷構件與銅構件之剝離之接合體及絕緣電路基板者。
以下,參照圖面,對於本發明之實施形態的接合體,絕緣電路基板,參照附加的圖面而加以說明。然而,以下所示之各實施形態係為了更理解發明的內容而具體地加以說明者,而只要未特別指定,並非限定本發明者。另外,在以下的說明所使用之圖面係為了容易了解本發明之特徵,方便上,有著擴大顯示成為要部的部分情況,而各構成要素的尺寸比率等則不限於與實際相同。
(第一實施形態)
以下,對於本發明之第一實施形態,參照圖1至圖4加以說明。
本發明之實施形態的接合體係作為經由接合作為Si系陶瓷所成之陶瓷構件的陶瓷基板11,和作為銅或銅合金所成之銅構件的銅板22(電路層12)而加以構成之絕緣電路基板10。然而,Si系陶瓷係指:由含有Si元素之化合物所構成之陶瓷者。
於圖1顯示本發明之實施形態的絕緣電路基板10,及使用此絕緣電路基板之功率模組1。
此功率模組1係具備:絕緣電路基板10,和藉由第1焊錫層2而加以接合於此絕緣電路基板10之一方的面(在圖1中為上側)之半導體元件3,和藉由第2焊錫層8而加以配置於此絕緣電路基板10之另一方側(在圖1中為下側)的散熱板51。
在此,第1焊錫層2及第2焊錫層8係例如,作為Sn-Ag系、Sn-In系、或Sn-Ag-Cu系之焊錫材。
絕緣電路基板10係如圖1所示,具備:此陶瓷基板11,和配設於此陶瓷基板11之一方的面(在圖1中為上面)之電路層12,和加以配設於陶瓷基板11之另一方的面(在圖1中為下面)之金屬層13。
陶瓷基板11係由Si系陶瓷,例如,散熱性優越之氮化矽(Si3 N4 )所構成。陶瓷基板11之厚度係例如,設定為0.2~1.5mm之範圍內,而在本實施形態中,使用0.635mm之構成。
電路層12係如圖4所示,經由於陶瓷基板11之一方的面,加以接合銅或銅合金所成之銅板22之時而加以形成。在本實施形態中,作為構成電路層12之銅板22,加以使用無氧銅的延壓板。然而,對於此電路層12係加以形成有電路圖案,而其一方的面(在圖1中為上面)則作為加以搭載有半導體元件3之搭載面。在此,電路層12(銅板22)之厚度係加以設定為0.1mm以上4.0mm以下之範圍內,而在本實施形態中,加以設定為0.6mm。
金屬層13係如圖4所示,經由於陶瓷基板11之另一方的面,加以接合銅或銅合金所成之銅板23之時而加以形成。在本實施形態中,作為構成金屬層13之銅板23,加以使用無氧銅的延壓板。在此,金屬層13(銅板23)之厚度係加以設定為0.1mm以上4.0mm以下之範圍內,而在本實施形態中,加以設定為0.6mm。
散熱板51係為了冷卻前述之絕緣電路基板10之構成,在本實施形態中係作為散熱板。此散熱板51係由熱傳導性良好之材質加以構成者為佳,在本實施形態中,係由A6063(鋁合金)而加以構成。
此散熱板51係在本實施形態中,對於絕緣電路基板10之金屬層13,藉由第2焊錫層8而加以接合。
在此,於圖2顯示電路層12(銅板22)與陶瓷基板11,及金屬層13(銅板23)與陶瓷基板11之接合界面的擴大圖。
如圖2所示,對於陶瓷基板11與電路層12(銅板22)之接合界面,及陶瓷基板11與金屬層13(銅板23)之接合界面係形成有接合層30。
此接合層30係如圖2所示,具備:包含形成於陶瓷基板11側之活性金屬的化合物所成之活性金屬化合物層31,和形成於活性金屬化合物層31與電路層12(銅板22)及金屬層13(銅板23)之間的合金層32。
在本實施形態中,如後述,從使用Cu-P系焊料材24與作為活性金屬而含有Ti之鈦材25,而接合電路層12(銅板22)及金屬層13(銅板23)與陶瓷基板11之情況,活性金屬化合物層31係經由鈦化合物而加以構成。
並且,活性金屬化合物層31係作為結晶質之鈦化合物(鈦氧化物或鈦氮化物)。然而,對於活性金屬化合物層31之結晶性係可由以透過型電子顯微鏡而觀察,觀察電子繞射圖形而確認者。在本實施形態中,活性金屬化合物層31則由鈦氧化物所構成,而成為觀察金紅石型之電子繞射圖形者。
在此,在本實施形態中,前述活性金屬化合物層31之厚度則作為1.5nm以上150nm以下之範圍內為佳。
另外,合金層32係作為含有包含在接合時所使用之焊料材的成分之任一之合金,或金屬間化合物的構成。在本實施形態中,如後述,因使用Cu-P系焊料材24,具體而言係Cu-P-Sn-Ni焊料材之故,合金層32係具有含有Cu,P,Sn,Ni之任一的合金,或者金屬間化合物。
接著,對於上述本實施形態之絕緣電路基板10之製造方法,參照圖3及圖4加以說明。
首先,如圖4所示,於陶瓷基板11之一方的面(在圖4中為上面),依序層積Cu-P系焊料材24,鈦材25,及成為電路層12之銅板22之同時,於陶瓷基板11之另一方的面(在圖4中為下面),依序層積Cu-P系焊料材24,鈦材25,及成為金屬層13之銅板23(層積工程S01)。
在本實施形態中,作為Cu-P系焊料材24,使用以3mass%以上10mass%以下之範圍而含有P,且以7mass%以上50mass%以下之範圍而含有低融點元素之Sn,更且,以2mass%以上15mass%以下之範圍而含有Ni之Cu-P-Sn-Ni焊料材。
在此,Cu-P系焊料材24之厚度係作為10μm以上50μm以下之範圍。
另外,在本實施形態中,含有活性金屬元素之Ti的鈦材25之厚度係作為0.05μm以上2μm以下之範圍內。然而,鈦材25係對於厚度為0.1μm以上1.0μm以下之情況,係經由蒸鍍或濺鍍而進形成膜者為佳,而對於厚度為1.0μm以上之情況係使用箔材者為佳。
接著,在將陶瓷基板11,Cu-P系焊料材24,鈦材25,銅板22及銅板23,加壓(壓力1~35kgf/cm2 (0.1MPa~3.5MPa))於層積方向之狀態,裝入至真空加熱爐內進行加熱而接合(接合工程S02)。
在本實施形態中,真空加熱爐內的壓力係作為10-6 Pa以上10-3 Pa以下之範圍內。
另外,加熱溫度係設定為770℃以上980℃以下之範圍內,而將以加熱溫度之保持時間設定為5分以上150分以下之範圍內。更且,將自600℃至730℃為止之升溫速度設定為5℃/min以上20℃/min以下之範圍內。
在此,對於含有活性金屬元素之Ti的鈦材25之厚度為不足0.05μm之情況,係有著陶瓷基板11與銅板22,23之接合成為不充分之虞。另一方面,對於鈦材25之厚度超過2μm之情況,係有著促進陶瓷基板11之分解,而在超音波接合時產生有龜裂之虞。
從以上之情況,在本實施形態中,將鈦材25之厚度設定為0.05μm以上2μm以下之範圍內。
然而,對於為了確實地接合陶瓷基板11與銅板22,23,係將鈦材25之厚度之下限作為0.3μm以上者為佳,而作為0.5μm以上者更佳。另一方面,對於為了控制陶瓷基板11之分解,係將鈦材25之厚度的上限作為1.8μm以下者為佳,而作為1.5μm以下者更佳。
對於Cu-P系焊料材24之厚度為不足10μm之情況,係有著陶瓷基板11與銅板22,23之接合成為不充分之虞。另一方面,對於Cu-P系焊料材24之厚度超過50μm之情況,係有著促進陶瓷基板11之分解,而在超音波接合時產生有龜裂之虞。
從以上之情況,在本實施形態中,將Cu-P系焊料材24之厚度設定為10μm以上50μm以下之範圍內。
然而,對於為了確實地接合陶瓷基板11與銅板22,23,係將Cu-P系焊料材24之厚度之下限作為15μm以上者為佳,而作為20μm以上者更佳。另一方面,對於為了抑制陶瓷基板11之分解,係將Cu-P系焊料材24之厚度的上限作為40μm以下者為佳,而作為35μm以下者更佳。
對於在接合工程S02之加熱溫度為不足770℃之情況,係有著陶瓷基板11與銅板22,23之接合成為不充分之虞。另一方面,對於在接合工程S02之加熱溫度超過980℃之情況,係有經由陶瓷基板11之熱劣化而產生有微龜裂,而在超音波接合時對於陶瓷基板11產生斷裂之虞。
從以上之情況,在本實施形態中,將在接合工程S02中之加熱溫度設定為770℃以上980℃以下之範圍內。
然而,對於為了確實地接合陶瓷基板11與銅板22,23,係將在接合工程S02中之加熱溫度的下限作為810℃以上者為佳,而作為850℃以上者更佳。另一方面,對於為了抑制陶瓷基板11之熱劣化,係將在接合工程S02中之加熱溫度的上限作為950℃以下者為佳,而作為930℃以下者更佳。
對於以在接合工程S02之加熱溫度之保持時間為不足5分鐘之情況,係有著陶瓷基板11與銅板22,23之接合成為不充分之虞。另一方面,對於以在接合工程S02之加熱溫度之保持時間為超過150分鐘之情況,係有著促進陶瓷基板11之分解,而在超音波接合時產生有龜裂之虞。
從以上之情況,在本實施形態中,將以加熱溫度之保持時間設定為5分鐘以上150分鐘以下之範圍內。
然而,對於為了確實地接合陶瓷基板11與銅板22,23,係將以在接合工程S02之加熱溫度之保持時間的下限作為15分鐘以上者為佳,而作為30分鐘以上者更佳。另一方面,對於為了抑制陶瓷基板11之分解,係將以在接合工程S02中之加熱溫度之保持時間的上限作為120分鐘以下者為佳,而作為100分鐘以下者更佳。
對於在接合工程S02之600℃至730℃為止之升溫速度為不足5℃/min之情況,係有著促進陶瓷基板11之分解,而在超音波接合時產生有龜裂之虞。另一方面,對於在接合工程S02之600℃至730℃為止之升溫速度為超過20℃/min之情況,係有經由熱衝擊而對於陶瓷基板11產生有微龜裂,而在超音波接合時對於陶瓷基板11產生斷裂之虞。
從以上之情況,在本實施形態中,將在接合工程S02之600℃至730℃為止之升溫速度設定為5℃/min以上20℃/min以下之範圍內。
然而,對於為了抑制陶瓷基板11之分解,係將在接合工程S02之600℃至730℃為止之升溫速度的下限做為7℃/min以上者為佳,而作為10℃/min以上者為更佳。另一方面,對於為了抑制經由熱衝擊之微龜裂的產生,係將在接合工程S02之600℃至730℃為止之升溫速度的上限做為15℃/min以下者為佳,而作為13℃/min以下者為更佳。
經由以上之層積工程S01及接合工程S02之時,加以製造本實施形態之絕緣電路基板10。
接著,於絕緣電路基板10之金屬層13之另一方的面側,焊錫接合散熱板51(散射板接合工程S03)。
更且,於絕緣電路基板10之電路層12之一方的面,經由焊接而接合半導體元件3(半導體元件接合工程S04)。
經由以上的工程,加以製作出圖1所示之功率模組1。
如根據作為如以上構成之本實施形態的絕緣電路基板10(接合體),因於形成於陶瓷基板11與電路層12及金屬層13之間的接合層30之陶瓷基板11側,形成有結晶質之鈦氧化物所成之活性金屬化合物層31之故,即使為負荷超音波之情況,亦可抑制將活性金屬化合物層31作為起點而產生有龜裂之情況,進而可抑制陶瓷基板11與電路層12及金屬層13的剝離者。
另外,在本實施形態中,因活性金屬化合物層31之厚度作為1.5nm以上之故,經由活性金屬化合物層31,陶瓷基板11之接合界面附近的強度則適度地提升,可抑制在冷熱循環負荷時之陶瓷基板11之斷裂的發生者。另一方面,因活性金屬化合物層31之厚度作為150nm以下之故,未過剩地形成有硬的活性金屬化合物層31,而可抑制在冷熱循環負荷時而產生於陶瓷基板11之熱應變,進而可抑制在冷熱循環負荷時之陶瓷基板11之斷裂的發生者。
然而,活性金屬化合物層31之厚度的下限係為3nm以上者為佳,而5nm以上者更佳。另一方面,活性金屬化合物層31之厚度的上限係為60nm以下者為佳,而20nm以下者更佳。
另外,在本實施形態中,因陶瓷基板11則有氮化矽(Si3 N4 )所構成之故,可製作對於絕緣性,及耐熱性優越之絕緣電路基板10。
更且,因活性金屬化合物層31則由鈦氧化物所構成之故,陶瓷基板11與電路層12及金屬層13之接合性則提升,而更可抑制陶瓷基板11與電路層12及金屬層13之剝離者。
更且,在本實施形態中,因於與陶瓷基板11之電路層12相反側的面,形成有金屬層13之故,成為可效率佳地散熱在半導體元件3所產生的熱。另外,可抑制陶瓷基板11之彎曲的產生者。
另外,因金屬層13則由銅或銅合金所構成之故,可實現對於散熱性優越之絕緣電路基板10。
(第二實施形態)
接著,對於本發明之第二實施形態加以說明。然而,對於與第一實施形態同一之構成,係附上同一符號而記載,而省略詳細之說明。
於圖5,顯示具備有關本發明之第二實施形態之絕緣電路基板110的功率模組101。
此功率模組101係具備:絕緣電路基板110,和藉由焊錫層2而加以接合於此絕緣電路基板110之一方的面(在圖5中為上面)之半導體元件3,和加以接合於此絕緣電路基板110之下側的散熱板51。
電路層112係如圖8所示,經由於陶瓷基板11之一方的面,加以接合銅或銅合金所成之銅板122之時而加以形成。在本實施形態中,作為構成電路層112之銅板122,加以使用無氧銅的延壓板。然而,對於此電路層112係加以形成有電路圖案,而其一方的面(在圖5中為上面)則作為加以搭載有半導體元件3之搭載面。在此,電路層112(銅板122)之厚度係加以設定為0.1mm以上1.0mm以下之範圍內,而在本實施形態中,加以設定為0.6mm。
金屬層113係如圖8所示,經由於陶瓷基板11之另一方的面,加以接合鋁或鋁合金所成之鋁板123之時而加以形成。在本實施形態中,作為構成金屬層113之鋁板123,加以使用純度99.99mass%以上的鋁(4N鋁)之延壓板。在此,金屬層113(鋁板123)之厚度係加以設定為0.2mm以上6mm以下之範圍內,而在本實施形態中,加以設定為2.0mm。
散熱板51係在本實施形態中,使用Al-Si系焊料材等而接合於絕緣電路基板110之金屬層113。
在此,於圖6顯示電路層112(銅板122)與陶瓷基板11之接合界面的擴大圖。
如圖6所示,對於陶瓷基板11與電路層112(銅板122)之接合界面係形成有接合層130。
此接合層130係如圖6所示,具備:包含形成於陶瓷基板11側之活性金屬的化合物所成之活性金屬化合物層131,和形成於活性金屬化合物層131與電路層112(銅板122)之間的合金層132。
在本實施形態中,如後述,從使用Cu-P系焊料材24與作為活性金屬而含有Ti之鈦材25,而接合電路層112(銅板122)與陶瓷基板11之情況,活性金屬化合物層131係經由鈦化合物而加以構成。
並且,活性金屬化合物層131係作為結晶質之鈦化合物(鈦氧化物或鈦氮化物)。然而,對於活性金屬化合物層131之結晶性係可確認由以透過型電子顯微鏡而觀察,觀察電子繞射圖形。在本實施形態中,活性金屬化合物層131則由鈦氧化物所構成,而成為觀察金紅石型之電子繞射圖形者。
在此,在本實施形態中,活性金屬化合物層131之厚度則作為1.5nm以上150nm以下之範圍內為佳。
另外,合金層132係作為含有包含在接合時所使用之焊料材的成分之任一之合金,或金屬間化合物的構成。在本實施形態中,因使用Cu-P系焊料材24,具體而言係Cu-P-Sn-Ni焊料材之故,合金層132係具有含有Cu,P,Sn,Ni之任一的合金,或者金屬間化合物。
接著,對於上述本實施形態之絕緣電路基板110之製造方法,參照圖7及圖8加以說明。
首先,如圖8所示,於陶瓷基板11之一方的面(在圖8中為上面),依序層積Cu-P系焊料材24、鈦材25、及成為電路層112之銅板122(銅板層積工程S101)。
然而,Cu-P系焊料材24及鈦材25之厚度等係作成與第一實施形態同等之條件。
接著,在將陶瓷基板11,Cu-P系焊料材24,鈦材25,銅板122,加壓(壓力1~35kgf/cm2 (0.1MPa~3.5 MPa))於層積方向之狀態,裝入至真空加熱爐內進行加熱而接合(銅板接合工程S102)。
在本實施形態中,真空加熱爐內的壓力係作為106 Pa以上103 Pa以下之範圍內。
另外,加熱溫度係設定為770℃以上980℃以下之範圍內,而將以加熱溫度之保持時間設定為5分以上150分以下之範圍內。更且,將自600℃至730℃為止之升溫速度設定為5℃/min以上20℃/min以下之範圍內。
接著,如圖8所示,於陶瓷基板11之另一方的面(在圖8中為下面),依序層積Al-Si系焊料材27、及成為金屬層113之鋁板123(鋁板層積工程S103)。
在此,在本實施形態中,作為Al-Si系焊料材27,使用以7mass%以上12mass%以下之範圍內而含有Si之鋁合金所成之焊料材箔,而Al-Si系焊料材27之厚度則作為5μm以上30μm以下之範圍內。
接著,在將陶瓷基板11,Al-Si系焊料材27,鋁板123,加壓(壓力1~35kgf/cm2 (0.1MPa~3.5MPa))於層積方向之狀態,裝入至真空加熱爐內進行加熱而接合(鋁板接合工程S104)。
在本實施形態中,真空加熱爐內的壓力係作為10-6 Pa以上10-3 Pa以下之範圍內。
另外,加熱溫度係設定為580℃以上650℃以下之範圍內,而將以加熱溫度之保持時間係做為1分以上180分以下之範圍內。
經由以上之銅板層積工程S101,銅板接合工程S102,鋁板層積工程S103,鋁板接合工程S104之時,加以製造本實施形態之絕緣電路基板110。
接著,於絕緣電路基板110之金屬層113之另一方的面側,使用Al-Si系焊料材而接合散熱板51(散熱板接合工程S105)。
更且,於絕緣電路基板110之電路層112之一方的面,經由焊接而接合半導體元件3(半導體元件接合工程S106)。
經由以上的工程,加以製作出圖5所示之功率模組101。
如根據作為如以上構成之本實施形態的絕緣電路基板110(接合體),因於形成於陶瓷基板11與電路層112之間的接合層130之陶瓷基板11側,形成有結晶質之鈦氧化物所成之活性金屬化合物層131之故,即使為負荷超音波之情況,亦可抑制將活性金屬化合物層131作為起點而產生有龜裂之情況,進而可抑制陶瓷基板11與電路層112的剝離者。
另外,在本實施形態中,活性金屬化合物層131之厚度則因作為1.5nm以上150nm以下之範圍內之故,可抑制在冷熱循環負荷時之陶瓷基板11的斷裂之產生者。
然而,活性金屬化合物層131之厚度的下限係為3nm以上者為佳,而5nm以上者更佳。另一方面,活性金屬化合物層131之厚度的上限係為60nm以下者為佳,而20nm以下者更佳。
另外,在本實施形態中,因陶瓷基板11則有氮化矽(Si3 N4 )所構成之故,可製作對於絕緣性,及耐熱性優越之絕緣電路基板110。
更且,因活性金屬化合物層131則由鈦氧化物所構成之故,陶瓷基板11與電路層112之接合性則提升,而更可抑制陶瓷基板11與電路層112之剝離者。
更且,在本實施形態中,因於與陶瓷基板11之電路層112相反側的面,形成有金屬層113之故,成為可效率佳地散熱在半導體元件3所產生的熱。另外,可抑制陶瓷基板11之彎曲的產生者。
另外,因金屬層113則由鋁或鋁合金所構成之故,可以金屬層113而吸收熱應力,進而可抑制對於在冷熱循環時之陶瓷基板11的負荷者。
以上,對於本發明之實施形態已做過說明,但本發明係未加以限定於此等,而在不脫離其發明之技術思想範圍,可作適宜變更。
例如,在本實施形態中,作為於與陶瓷基板之電路層相反側的面,形成金屬層之構成已做過說明,但並不限定於此,而設置金屬層亦可。
另外,散熱板係並非限定於在本實施形態所例示之構成者,而對於散熱板的構造未特別有限定。
另外,於散熱板與金屬層之間,設置鋁或鋁合金或含有鋁之複合材(例如AlSiC等)所成之緩衝層亦可。
另外,在本實施形態中,作為搭載半導體元件於絕緣電路基板而構成功率模組之構成已做過說明,但並未加以限定於此等者。例如,亦可搭載LED元件於絕緣電路基板之電路層而構成LED模組,而搭載熱電元件於絕緣電路基板的電路層而構成熱電模組亦可。
更且,在本實施形態中,作為活性金屬而使用Ti之構成已做過說明,但並不限定於此,而亦可使用選自Ti,Nb,Hf,Zr之一種或二種以上的活性金屬。
然而,在本實施形態中,作為活性金屬化合物層,作為由鈦氧化物所成之構成已做過說明,但並不限定於此,而作為由鈦氮化物所成之構成亦可。
更且,作為在接合陶瓷基板與銅板時所使用之焊料材,舉例說明過Cu-P-Sn-Ni焊料材,但並不限定於此,而使用其他的焊料材亦可。
更且,在本實施形態中,合金層則作為具有含有Cu,P,Sn,Ni之任一的合金或者金屬間化合物的構成已做過說明,但並限定於此,而如為含有包含在接合時使用之焊料材之成分之任一的合金,或者金屬間化合物的構成即可。例如,對於焊料材含有Zn之情況,係含有包含Zn之合金或者金屬間化合物亦可。

[實施例]
<實施例1>
於表1記載之材質所成之陶瓷基板(26mm×26mm×0.32mm厚)之一方的面,使用表1記載之焊料材及活性金屬材,依序層積無氧銅所成之銅板(6mm×6mm×0.3mm厚),形成層積體。
並且,經由在以表2所示之荷重而加壓層積體之狀態而投入至真空加熱爐,進行加熱之時,接合銅板於陶瓷基板之一方的面。加熱溫度及時間係如表2記載。
如以上作為,得到本發明例,比較例的接合體。對於所得到之接合體,對於「活性金屬化合物層之材質及結晶性」、「超音波接合性」加以評估。
(活性金屬化合物層之材質及結晶性)
使用透過型電子顯微鏡(FEI公司製Titan ChemiSTEM、加速電壓200kV),以倍率80000倍進行測定,經由X射線能量散布分析法(Thermo Fisher Scientific公司製NSS7),而取得N、O及活性金屬元素之元素分布。活性金屬元素與N或O則存在於同一範圍之情況,判斷為具有活性金屬化合物層。
更且,於活性金屬化合物層之高分辨率像觀察到格紋條紋,且於以高速傅立葉轉換高分辨率像所得到之繞射像,確認到繞射斑點之情況,判斷為結晶質。
將評估結果示於表2。
另外,於圖9顯示本發明例1之「陶瓷基板與銅板之接合界面的透過電子顯微鏡觀察」,而於圖10顯示「陶瓷基板附近的線分析結果」。
(超音波接合後之剝離之有無)
對於所得到之接合體而言,使用超音波金屬接合機(日本超音波工業股份有限公司製:60C-904),以崩塌量0.3mm之條件而超音波接合銅端子(10mm×5mm×1mm厚)。
於接合後,將產生有銅板與陶瓷基板之接合界面的剝離者,評估為「××」。另外,對於未確認到明確的剝離者,係更加地使用超音波探傷裝置(股份有限公司HITACHI SOLUTIONS製FineSAT200),檢查銅板與陶瓷基板之接合界面,將觀察到剝離者評估為「×」、而將均未確認到者評估為「○」。將評估結果示於表2。
在活性金屬化合物層為非晶質之比較例中,在超音波接合後,未確認到在銅板與陶瓷基板之接合界面的剝離,但以超音波探傷裝置檢查之結果,確認到剝離。
對此,在將活性金屬化合物層作為結晶質之本發明例1-9中,在超音波接合後,未確認到銅板與陶瓷基板之接合界面的剝離,而以超音波探傷裝置檢查之結果,亦未確認到剝離。
另外,當參照圖9時,在本發明例1中,確認到於陶瓷基板之界面部分形成有結晶質之活性金屬化合物層(金紅石型之Ti-O層)者。
更且,當參照圖10時,在本發明例1中,比較於比較例1,確認到在陶瓷基板之界面部分的活性金屬濃度(Ti濃度)變高者。
從以上之情況,如根據本發明例,即使為進行超音波接合之情況,亦確認到可提供可抑制陶瓷構件與銅構件之剝離之接合體及絕緣電路基板者。
<實施例2>
於表3記載之材質所成之陶瓷基板(40mm×40mm×0.32mm厚)之兩面,使用表3記載之焊料材及活性金屬材,依序層積無氧銅所成之銅板(37mm×37mm×0.8mm厚),形成層積體。
並且,經由在以表4所示之荷重而加壓層積體之狀態而投入至真空加熱爐,進行加熱之時,接合各銅板於陶瓷基板之兩面。加熱溫度及時間係如表4記載。
如以上作為,得到本發明例的接合體。對於所得到之接合體,對於「活性金屬化合物層之材質及結晶性」、「活性金屬化合物層之厚度」,「冷熱循環信賴性」加以評估。然而,對於「活性金屬化合物層之材質及結晶性」係與實施例1同樣地評估。
(活性金屬化合物層之厚度)
使用透過型電子顯微鏡(FEI公司製Titan ChemiSTEM、加速電壓200kV),以倍率80000倍進行測定,經由X射線能量散布分析法(Thermo Fisher Scientific公司製NSS7),而取得N、O及活性金屬元素之元素分布。活性金屬元素與N或O則存在於同一範圍之情況,判斷為具有活性金屬化合物層。
以5視野進行觀察,以測定活性金屬元素與N或O則存在於同一範圍之範圍的面積之幅度除以之構成之平均值,做成「活性金屬化合物層之厚度」。
(冷熱循環信賴性)
使用冷熱衝擊試驗機(ESPEC股份有限公司製TSA-72ES),以氣相將-50℃×10min←→175℃×10min之冷熱循環實施2000循環。
每200循環,經由超音波探傷裝置(股份有限公司HITACHI SOLUTIONS製FineSAT200)之界面檢查而判定陶瓷基板之斷裂之有無。
在活性金屬化合物層之厚度作為1.5nm以上150nm以下之範圍內的本發明例11-22中,產生有陶瓷斷裂之冷熱循環為800次以上,而確認到對於冷熱循環信賴性優越之情況。特別是,在活性金屬化合物層之厚度作為1.5nm以上20nm以下之範圍內的本發明例11,12,14,17,18,19中,在將冷熱循環作2000循環負荷後,亦未確認到陶瓷基板之斷裂,而確認到對於冷熱循環信賴性特別優越之情況。
從以上之情況,對於更需要冷熱循環信賴性之情況,活性金屬化合物層之厚度則作為1.5nm以上150nm以下之範圍內,更且作為1.5nm以上20nm以下之範圍內者為佳。

[產業上之利用可能性]
如根據本發明,即使為進行超音波接合之情況,亦可提供可抑制陶瓷構件與銅構件之剝離之接合體及絕緣電路基板者。
1,101‧‧‧功率模組
3‧‧‧半導體元件(電子零件)
10,110‧‧‧絕緣電路基板(接合體)
11‧‧‧陶瓷基板(陶瓷構件)
12,112‧‧‧電路層
13,113‧‧‧金屬層
22,23,122‧‧‧銅板(銅構件)
30,130‧‧‧接合層
31,131‧‧‧活性金屬化合物層
圖1係使用本發明之第一實施形態的絕緣電路基板(接合體)之功率模組的概略說明圖。
圖2係本發明之第一實施形態的絕緣電路基板(接合體)之電路層及金屬層(銅構件)與陶瓷基板(陶瓷構件)之接合界面的模式圖。
圖3係顯示本發明之第一實施形態的絕緣電路基板(接合體)之製造方法及功率模組之製造方法的流程圖。
圖4係顯示本發明之第一實施形態的絕緣電路基板(接合體)之製造方法之說明圖。
圖5係使用本發明之第二實施形態的絕緣電路基板(接合體)之功率模組的概略說明圖。
圖6係本發明之第二實施形態的絕緣電路基板(接合體)之電路層(銅構件)與陶瓷基板(陶瓷構件)之接合界面的模式圖。
圖7係顯示本發明之第二實施形態的絕緣電路基板(接合體)之製造方法及功率模組之製造方法的流程圖。
圖8係顯示本發明之第二實施形態的絕緣電路基板(接合體)之製造方法之說明圖。
圖9係在實施例之本發明例1的陶瓷基板附近的觀察結果。
圖10係在實施例之陶瓷基板附近的線分析結果。(a)為比較例1,(b)為本發明例1。

Claims (7)

  1. 一種接合體,係接合Si系陶瓷所成之陶瓷構件,和銅或銅合金所成之銅構件所成之接合體,其特徵為 在形成於前述陶瓷構件與前述銅構件之間的接合層中,於前述陶瓷構件側,形成有含有活性金屬之化合物所成之結晶質的活性金屬化合物層。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項記載之接合體,其中,前述活性金屬化合物層之厚度則作為1.5nm以上150nm以下之範圍內。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項或第2項記載之接合體,其中,前述活性金屬化合物層係具有活性金屬之氮化物,或活性金屬之氧化物之任一者。
  4. 一種絕緣電路基板,係具備如申請專利範圍第1項至第3項任一項記載之接合體的絕緣電路基板,其特徵為 具備:前述陶瓷構件所成之陶瓷基板,和形成於此陶瓷基板之一方的面之前述銅構件所成之電路層。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第4項記載之絕緣電路基板,其中,於前述陶瓷基板之與前述電路層相反側的面,形成有金屬層。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第5項記載之絕緣電路基板,其中,前述金屬層係銅或銅合金所成。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第5項記載之絕緣電路基板,其中,前述金屬層係鋁或鋁合金所成。
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