TW201834653A - 包含task-1與task-3通道抑制劑之醫藥劑型及其於呼吸道疾病治療之用途 - Google Patents
包含task-1與task-3通道抑制劑之醫藥劑型及其於呼吸道疾病治療之用途 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201834653A TW201834653A TW106144527A TW106144527A TW201834653A TW 201834653 A TW201834653 A TW 201834653A TW 106144527 A TW106144527 A TW 106144527A TW 106144527 A TW106144527 A TW 106144527A TW 201834653 A TW201834653 A TW 201834653A
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Abstract
本申請案關於包含TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的強效和選擇性抑制劑的新穎醫藥劑型及其用於治療及/或預防呼吸道疾病,包括睡眠相關的呼吸道疾病,例如阻塞性與中樞性睡眠呼吸中止症(obstructive and central sleep apnoeas)和打鼾。
Description
本申請案關於包含TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的強效和選擇性抑制劑的新穎劑量投藥形式及其用於治療及/或預防呼吸道疾病,包括睡眠相關的呼吸道疾病,例如阻塞性與中樞性睡眠呼吸中止症(obstructive and central sleep apnoeas)和打鼾。
鉀通道是涉及大量不同生理過程的實質上普遍存在的膜蛋白。此亦包括神經元和肌肉細胞的膜電位和電興奮性的調控。鉀通道分為三個主要群組,其區別在於跨膜區域的數目(2、4或6)。其中兩個孔-形成區域的側面接有四個跨膜區域的鉀通道群組稱作K2P通道(兩-孔區域K +)。功能上,K2P通道係媒介-實質上和時間和電壓無關-K+背景電流及其對於維持靜息膜電位的貢獻至關重要。基於序列、結構和功能的相似性,K2P通道家族包括15個成員,分為6個亞族:TWIK(串聯孔區域氟烷抑制的K+通道)、TREK(TWIK相關的K+通道)、TASK(TWIK相關的酸敏性K+通道)、TALK(TWIK相關的鹼性pH活化的K+通道)、THIK(串聯孔區域氟烷抑制的K+通道)和TRESK(TWIK相關的脊髓K+通道)。
特別感興趣的是TASK(TWIK相關的酸敏性K + 通道)亞族的TASK-1(KCNK3或K2P3.1)和TASK-3(KCNK9或K2P9.1)。功能上,該等通道的特徵 在於,在維持與電壓無關的動力學期間,彼等具有流經該等的「洩漏」或「背景」流,而彼等藉由增加或減少其活性回應眾多生理和病理的影響。TASK通道的特徵是對細胞外pH變化的敏感反應:該等通道在酸性pH被抑制,而在鹼性pH被活化。
TASK-1與TASK-3通道在呼吸調節發揮作用。兩通道皆在腦幹呼吸中樞的呼吸神經中表現,尤其是在產生呼吸節律的神經元(腹側呼吸組與前-波茲格複合物(pre-Bötzinger complex))、以及在去甲腎上腺素能藍斑核(Locus caeruleus)中、還有在縫核(raphe nuclei)的血清素能神經元中表現。由於pH依賴性所致,在此該TASK通道具有感測器的功能,其將細胞外pH的變化轉譯成相應的細胞信號[Bayliss et al.,Pflugers Arch.467,917-929(2015)]。TASK-1和TASK-3亦在測量血液的pH和O2與CO2含量並將信號傳遞到腦幹的呼吸中樞以調節呼吸的周邊化學受體頸動脈球(Glomus caroticum)中表現。顯示TASK-1剔除小鼠對缺氧和常氧性高碳酸血症具有減少的通氣回應(呼吸速率和潮氣量增加)[Trapp et al.,J.Neurosci.28,8844-8850(2008)]。再者,已證實TASK-1和TASK-3通道在下頜下神經(Nervus hypoglossus)-第十二顱神經的的運動神經元中,其具有保持上部氣道開放的重要角色[Berg et al.,J.Neurosci.24,6693-6702(2004)]。
在麻醉豬的睡眠呼吸中止症模型中,鼻部投予毫微莫耳範圍內的阻斷TASK-1通道的鉀通道阻斷劑導致抑制咽部氣道肌肉群的可塌陷性和上呼吸道負壓反射的敏化。推論鉀通道阻斷劑的鼻部投藥使得上呼吸道中的機械受體去極化,並且,透過負壓反射的活化,導致上呼吸道肌肉群的活性增加,於是穩定上呼吸道並防止塌陷。由於上呼吸道的此穩定化作用,TASK通道阻斷對於阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症和打鼾可能是非常重要的[Wirth et al.,Sleep 36,699-708(2013);Kiper et al.,Pflugers Arch.467,1081-1090(2015)]。
阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症(OSA)是一種睡眠相關的呼吸道疾病,其特徵是上呼吸道阻塞的反覆發作。在吸氣時,藉由兩個相反力的交互作用確保上呼吸道的通暢。上呼吸道肌肉群的擴張效應抵消負的腔內壓力,其使管腔收縮。隔膜和其他輔助性呼吸肌肉的主動收縮在氣道中產生負壓,於是構 成呼吸的驅動力。上呼吸道的穩定性實質上係由上呼吸道的擴張肌的協調和收縮性質決定。
頦舌肌(Musculus genioglossus)在阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症的發病機轉中扮演決定性角色。在擴張性補償機制的意義上,頦舌肌的活性係隨著咽部壓力減小而增加。由下頜下神經支配,它驅使舌頭向前和向下,於是擴寬咽部氣道[Verse et al.,Somnologie 3,14-20(1999)]。上呼吸道的擴張肌肉的張力尤其透過鼻腔/咽部的機械受體/拉伸受體來調節[Bouillette et al.,J.Appl.Physiol.Respir.Environ.Exerc.Physiol.46,772-779(1979)]。在患有嚴重的睡眠呼吸暫停的睡眠患者中,在上呼吸道的局部麻醉下,可以觀察到頦舌肌的活性更加降低[Berry et al.,Am.J.Respir.Crit.Care Med.156,127-132(1997)]。患有OSA的患者由於心血管病症,例如高血壓、心肌梗塞和中風而具有高死亡率和發病率[Vrints et al.,Acta Clin.Belg.68,169-178(2013)]。
在中樞性睡眠呼吸中止症的情況中,由於腦功能受損和呼吸調節受損的緣故,有呼吸驅動的偶發性抑制。中樞性呼吸道病症導致機械性呼吸驟停,即在該等發作期間,沒有呼吸活動;暫時地,包括隔膜在內的所有呼吸肌都靜止。在中樞性睡眠呼吸中止症的情況中,沒有上呼吸道的阻塞。
在原發性打鼾的情況中,同樣沒有上呼吸道的阻塞。然而,由於上呼吸道收縮的緣故,被吸入和呼出的空氣的流速增加了。此和鬆弛的肌肉群結合而導致口腔和咽部的軟組織在空氣流中顫動。此溫和的振動隨後產生典型的打鼾噪音。
阻塞性打鼾(上呼吸道阻力症候群、重度打鼾、低度呼吸症候群)是由睡眠期間上呼吸道的反覆局部阻塞所造成的。此導致呼吸阻力增加,於是增加呼吸的功,伴隨胸內壓力相當大的波動。在吸氣期間,胸內負壓可能達到類似於在OSA期間由於氣道完全阻塞而遭遇到的值。對於心臟、循環和睡眠品質的病理生理學後果係相當於阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症的病理生理學後果。如同在OSA中,發病被推論為睡眠時的吸氣期間咽部擴張肌肉的反射機制受損。通常,阻塞性打鼾是OSA的初始階段[Hollandt et al.,HNO 48,628-634(2000)]。
打鼾和OSA的當前可用治療可能性是有限的。自1980s年代以來,就已知表面活性物質的混合物,其意圖降低上呼吸道的阻力和打鼾[Widdicombe and Davies,Eur Resp J 1,785-791(1988)]。該等混合物包含NaCl、甘油、聚山梨酯80和苯扎氯銨(benzalkonium chloride)。從藉由將該等混合物注射到咽內來投藥的狗的實驗,得出的結論是該等混合物在吸進和呼出時降低上呼吸道的阻力、增加頦舌肌的活動並減少打鼾噪音。在Widdicombe的文章中沒有提到OSA,在此模型中亦沒有顯示可以防止導致呼吸中止的上呼吸道塌陷。Widdicombe與Davies的模型因此不能預測OSA。
由0.26%甘油、0.2%聚山梨酯80、0.9%氯化鈉與0.15%山梨酸鉀(不含苯扎氯銨)所構成的組成物在市面上以Asonor®銷售作為打鼾療法。在哥本哈根的國立大學醫院的一項研究中,調查了鼻部投予Asonor®相較於不含聚山梨酯80的"Asonor®"對於改善打鼾的功效。Asonor®與不含聚山梨酯80的"Asonor®"皆能顯著改善打鼾[Report from the Department of Neurology,University State Hospital,Copenhagen,Denmark.The effect of nasal application of Asonor® and Polyglycoside 80 on snoring and sleep apnoea,1989,http://www.chrapat.sk/img/klinicka-dokumentacia.pdf]。
EP 2595685 B1(美國專利號9,132,243 B1)主張一種醫藥產品,該醫藥產品包含一容器,該容器包含液體止鼾物質,其中該容器包含一液體出口部分,其被構形成將該液體止鼾物質以噴流的形式直接輸送至鼻腔通道。該液體止鼾物質是包含氯化鈉、甘油、聚山梨酯和乙二胺四乙酸鈉及作為防腐劑的視情況之山梨酸鉀的止鼾溶液。EP 2595685 B1和美國專利9,132,243 B1的原始提申申請案中並沒有揭露呼吸中止或OSA的療法。EP 2595685 B1係主張描述用於治療打鼾和呼吸驟停(呼吸中止)的止鼾物質。
目前沒有醫藥療法可用於治療OSA。手術和口腔器械的功效有限。治療標準為持續正壓氣道(CPAP)系統的療法。由於不適,此療法的遵囑率僅為50-70%,而且該系統平均每晚使用不超過4小時。
作為TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的強效和選擇性抑制劑的新穎物質係因此尤其適用於治療及/或預防呼吸道疾病,包括睡眠相關的呼吸道疾病,例 如阻塞性與中樞性睡眠呼吸中止症和打鼾,還有由PCT/EP2016/079973和PCT/EP2016/07954(尚未公開)已知的其他病症。
EP 15199270.8和EP 15199268.2所揭露的TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的強效和選擇性抑制劑在鼻部投藥上的作用持續時間並不總是足夠的,其使得有必要在夜間再次給藥且因此中斷夜間休息或睡眠。
因此,本發明的目的是提供用於治療及/或預防呼吸道疾病,包括睡眠相關的呼吸道疾病,例如阻塞性與中樞性睡眠呼吸中止症和打鼾的有效醫藥療法,其代表以CPAP系統治療的替代方案。
本發明的另一個目的是,相較於當前療法標準(OSA的療法:CPAP系統),增加患者對治療及/或預防呼吸道疾病,包括睡眠相關的呼吸道疾病,例如阻塞性與中樞性睡眠呼吸中止症和打鼾的遵囑率。為此目的,此替代療法在使用上應該是簡單和舒適的,而不是擾人清眠。此外,此替代療法應該能夠藉由在入睡前的每日一次藥量而不用重複服藥來實現不受干擾的夜間休息。
因此,本發明的另一個目的是提供用於治療及/或預防治療及/或預防呼吸道疾病,包括睡眠相關的呼吸道疾病,例如阻塞性與中樞性睡眠呼吸中止症和打鼾的醫藥有效物質,該物質係為適用於在入睡前的每日一次鼻部或咽部投藥。尤其,本發明的目的是提供用於治療及/或預防治療及/或預防呼吸道疾病,包括睡眠相關的呼吸道疾病,例如阻塞性與中樞性睡眠呼吸中止症和打鼾的醫藥有效療法,其具有至少4小時的作用持續時間。
延長經鼻投予的活性成分的作用持續時間是困難的。由於生理條件所致,活性成分、顆粒、膠囊等等在上皮細胞中的停駐時間很短。上皮係由部分地具有毛髮狀結構,即纖毛的纖毛細胞構成。該等被黏膜層覆蓋,該黏膜層係藉由纖毛的協調運動而朝向喉部移離。在鼻部吸收後,異物顆粒和微生物仍黏附在黏膜層上,並藉由黏膜纖毛清除物與黏液一起運送到喉嚨和食道。該黏膜纖毛清除物因此抵消了活性成分的鼻部吸收並尤其是實 現延長效果的挑戰。黏液流速約為每分鐘5mm,因此每15-20min更新一次。因此亦確定了經鼻投予的溶液和粉末的15min清除半衰期[Illum et al.,Int J Pharm.39,189-199(1987)],因此活性成分原則上僅短暫停留在黏膜上以達到效果。
實現鼻部投藥後之效果延長的方法是延長活性成分與鼻內吸收部位-上皮細胞的接觸時間。鼻內的醫藥品吸收係藉由延長的接觸時間而增加。該活性成分吸收可在較長時間內發生,以便首先可實現延長的效果和作用持續時間,其次可增加吸收的醫藥品的總份量。增加活性成分和上皮細胞之間的接觸時間的方法尤其是使用生物黏附聚合物或使用微粒來增加黏性。
Pennington等人在1988年可能已經顯示,藉由用羥丙基甲基纖維素增加經鼻投予溶液的黏性來降低清除率[Pennington et al.,Int J Pharm.43,221-224(1988)]。隨著增加聚合物比例且於是增加黏性,半衰期從1小時增加至2.2小時。相較於Illum等人觀察到的15min的溶液半衰期[Illum et al.,Int J Pharm.39,189-199(1987)],增加黏性,於是導致半衰期明顯延長。然而,黏稠溶液和半固體系統,例如凝膠、乳霜和軟膏比低黏性調配物更難施用。藉由噴劑霧化不再是可能的,並且在半固體系統的情況下藉助於施用器的精確劑量是困難的。此外,經鼻施用的半固體系統可能導致堵塞,其可能破壞鼻腔呼吸。除了投予較高黏性溶液和即用型凝膠之外,也可考慮投予原位凝膠[Majithiya et al.,AAPS PharmSciTech 7(3),Article 67(2006)]。在此,舉例來說,藉由溫度變化、pH變化或離子的存在,凝膠化首先在鼻內被觸發。以此方式,可施用低黏性溶液,在沉積位點-鼻黏膜-凝膠化之後可得到黏稠的調配物,並具有正面效果。計量系統於是可用於投予,其能致使精確和簡單的投藥。然而,由於凝膠形成必須精確配合,所以彼等是複雜及精細的劑型。假使凝膠化是由溫度變化引起的,舉例來說,則必須確保凝膠化僅在生理溫度下觸發並且在儲存時仍受到抑止。因此,一方面對儲存和管理有特別要求,以防止過早凝膠化,而另一方面,此類敏感系統的開發和製造複雜度非常高。
澱粉和殼聚醣經常被用作生物黏附聚合物[Illum et al.,J Controlled Release 87,187-198(2003)]。殼聚醣是一種生物黏附性多醣,能與上皮細胞和黏液層顯著地相互作用。藉此產生更長的接觸時間,其允許活性成分經由該膜運輸。殼聚醣在文獻中廣泛使用,然而,主要用於體外實驗。殼聚醣目前尚未批准用於鼻部投藥(FDA Drug Databases,Inactive Ingredient Search for Approved Drug Products),而且尚未充分調查慢性鼻部投藥的潛在長期毒性。
延長鼻部活性成分投藥後的效果的另一可能性是將活性成分囊封在聚合物微粒內[Cerchiara et al.,Eur J Pharm Biopharm.61,195-200(2005)]]。為此目的,將活性成分埋置在具有低水溶性的適宜聚合物內,或能夠額外地使載有活性成分的微粒黏附至鼻黏膜的聚合物組合內。在將此劑型引入鼻內後,取決於所使用的聚合物的性質,藉由擴散及/或聚合物降解/侵蝕,該活性成分係以時間延遲的方式從該微粒中釋放,其致使該活性成分在作用部位的作用持續時間延長了。假使所使用的構成該微粒的聚合物組合額外地具有黏附至鼻黏膜的性質,則預期經鼻引入的藥物的停駐時間延長了且是以作用持續時間延長了。微粒和生物黏附聚合物的組合因此代表了延長鼻部投藥作用持續時間的廣為描述方式,因為此處的兩個原則-延遲釋放和增加的接觸時間-被整合了。在此情況中,該等微粒可直接由生物黏附聚合物製備[Illum et al.,Int J Pharm.39,189-199(1987)]或可使用其他聚合物,例如聚(丙交酯-共-乙交酯)(PLGA)製造微粒,隨後在另外的步驟中以該生物黏附聚合物塗覆來製備[Pawar et al.,Am Assoc Pharmac Sci J 12,130-137(2010)]。
除了使用上述微粒之外,亦可藉由使用懸浮的而不是溶解的活性成分來延長活性成分的釋放。為此目的,舉例來說,將使用的活性成分微米化(粉碎成活性成分微粒)並摻入液相(懸浮的)中。在鼻內投藥後,在作用部位的活性成分顆粒以延遲方式溶解。只有溶解的活性成分可經由鼻黏膜吸收且隨後有效。決定活性效果延長的溶解動力學係尤其取決於所使用活性成分的物理化學性質(譬如溶解度、顆粒尺寸)。藉由投予糖皮質激素的晶體懸浮 液,可實現局部的延長效果,舉例來說[Rygg et al.,Pharm Res.33,909-921(2016)]。
為了延長鼻部投藥後的效果,在晶體懸浮液中處理活性成分並將活性成分囊封在聚合物微粒中係與許多缺點有關。
首先,舉例來說,相較於活性成分溶液,此類劑型的生產在技術上要複雜許多倍。舉例而言,晶體懸浮液和聚合物微粒的生產需要許多連續的方法步驟,其顯著影響所完成劑型的品質。由於缺乏儲存穩定性,該等複雜劑型的功能性可能受到不利的影響。舉例而言,晶體懸浮液展現,舉例來說,在儲存期間的顆粒沉降(包括沉降物形成)及/或主要顆粒尺寸變化,其導致劑型內的不均勻性並因此導致給藥錯誤。
其次,晶體懸浮液和聚合物微粒的生產需要使用許多穩定劑和聚合物基質形成劑,其可能造成鼻部投藥後的局部不耐受/刺激感。舉例來說,已知許多穩定劑會導致對纖毛運動性、細胞裂解和酶失活的不良影響[Schinichiro et al.,Int J Pharm.9,173-184(1981)]。在經常用作微粒的基質形成劑的聚合物,例如生物可再吸收聚酯(譬如PLGA)的水解降解期間,發生降解產物(譬如乳酸和乙醇酸)的釋放,其可顯著降低局部pH,藉其可能發生局部刺激。局部刺激亦可藉由粒子本身觸發。
而且,僅使用伴隨著活性成分的延遲釋放和溶解的微粒系統,例如晶體懸浮液和聚合物微粒可能導致不可再現的藥量比例被輸出,並在吸收前由於黏液纖毛清除而以未溶解的顆粒被吞嚥。活性成分的吞嚥繼而可能導致暴露量的巨大變化[Malinovsky et al.,Br J Anaesthesia 77,203-207(1996)]。
再者,使用晶體懸浮液和聚合物微粒係聯結至複雜的說明手冊,這可能導致施用錯誤,繼而危害所欲的治療反應。
為了延長經鼻投予的活性成分的效果所描述的方式,例如黏性系統、晶體懸浮液和微粒的缺點據此是生產中的高支出、該等劑型的複雜性、暴露量的高變異性的風險及尤其是鼻部投藥所使用輔劑(譬如聚合物)的安全性不足。
出乎意料的是,本發明已經顯示,取決於劑量,鼻部投藥包含於1%至100% w/v甘油中的治療有效量之至少一種TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑、或其水合物、溶劑合物、多晶形物或代謝物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽的調配物顯著延長該TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道抑制劑、或其水合物、溶劑合物、多晶形物或代謝物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽的作用持續時間。
本發明提供了用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其包含:至少一治療有效量含於1%至100% w/v甘油之TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑或其水合物、溶劑合物、多晶形物或代謝物或其醫藥上可接受的鹽以及視情況地至少一輔劑,其中該調配物具有4至8的pH。
鼻部或咽部投予在包含pH調節劑和增溶劑而無添加甘油的調配物中的治療有效量之至少一種TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑或其水合物、溶劑合物、多晶形物或代謝物或其醫藥上可接受的鹽不會致使延長作用持續時間,即便增加TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道抑制劑的藥量。
出乎意料地,包含治療有效量之至少一種TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑或其水合物、溶劑合物、多晶形物或代謝物或其醫藥上可接受的鹽並包含20% w/v丙二醇(而非甘油),其在結構上與甘油非常相似、和pH調節劑與增溶劑的調配物並未顯示TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道抑制劑的作用持續時間有任何延長。
再者,包含治療有效量之至少一種TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑或其水合物、溶劑合物、多晶形物或代謝物或其醫藥上可接受的鹽和1.25% w/v黏性-增強物質羧甲基纖維素鈉(Na-CMC)(而非甘油)、pH調節劑與增溶劑的調配物並未顯示TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道抑制劑的作用持續時間有任何延長。此指示由於添加甘油所致的黏性增加不可能是以根據本發明之調配物觀察到的作用持續時間延長的決定性原因。
包含溶於pH調節劑而無活性成分的增溶劑與2.13% w/v甘油的組成物在本發明中亦無顯示效果。這是出乎意料的,因為觀察到上述由0.26%甘油、0.2%聚山梨酯80、0.9%氯化鈉和0.15%山梨酸鉀構成的商品名為Asonor®的組成物的顯著改善。對於由0.26%甘油,0.9%氯化鈉和0.15%山 梨酸鉀構成的組成物,即不存在聚山梨酯80的情況下,亦觀察到相同的效果[Report from the Department of Neurology,University State Hospital,Copenhagen,Denmark.The effect of nasal application of Asonor® and Polyglycoside 80 on snoring and sleep apnoea,1989,http://www.chrapat.sk/img/klinicka-dokumentacia.pdf]。Widdicombe等人表明包含氯化鈉、甘油、聚山梨酯80和苯扎氯銨的引述混合物-其在吸入和呼出時增加上呼吸道的肌肉組織的張力-直接或次要地影響上呼吸道的反射,其使咽部的擴張肌肉收縮。受影響的確切刺激物或可能的受體是未知的。在本發明所基於的麻醉豬的睡眠呼吸中止模型中,根據本發明的組成物的鼻部投藥相對地僅在吸氣期間導致由於上呼吸道的負壓反射敏化而引起的頦舌肌活動增加,在每個例子的吸入後,其致使完全抑制咽部上呼吸道肌肉組織的可塌陷性。
由於在未公開的PCT/EP2016/079973中首次描述了醫藥替代方案,所以本領域技術人員對於置換OSA的物理治療CPAP並無起始點。目前亦沒有或僅有非常有限的用於打鼾的醫藥療法,因此本領域技術人員甚至在此亦無起始點來實現本發明。即使PCT/EP2016/079973中描述的TASK-1及/或TASK-3抑制劑是已知的,本領域技術人員亦無理由認為為了延長TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道抑制劑的作用持續時間所概述的簡單易管理的解決方案是成功的。
在先前技術中並無指示,關於OSA,延長TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道抑制劑的效果幾個小時可藉由使用標準調配物輔劑甘油而非就物理化學性質而言與甘油密切相關的丙二醇來實現。在先前技術中亦無指示,數小時的延長效果可在不使用先前技術為了延長經鼻投予活性成分的效果所描述的複雜方式,例如微粒、晶體懸浮液或生物黏附系統來實現。
此外,在先前技術中並無指示藉助於根據本發明之調配物的效果的延長只能在調配物構分甘油的特定濃度範圍內實現。在先前技術中亦沒有發現調配物構分的適宜濃度範圍的指示。
在本發明上下文中,該穩定醫藥調配物係藉由鼻部或咽部途徑投予。
在本發明上下文中,術語「鼻部(nasal)」和「鼻內(intranasal)」係以同義使用。
在本發明上下文中,適用於鼻部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物為呈現液體、半固體或固體形式的調配物,舉例來說,鼻部滴劑、鼻部溶液、鼻部凝膠、鼻部軟膏、鼻部乳霜或粉狀劑型。
在本發明上下文中,鼻部投藥可藉由,舉例來說,鼻部噴劑、滴管、擠壓瓶、COMOD®系統、液體噴霧器(譬如壓電霧化器、噴嘴或超聲波氣霧發生器、軟霧吸入器)或計量型氣霧劑,或用於半固體調配物(注射管、抹刀)及/或固體調配物(粉末)的鼻部塗藥器來致效。根據本發明的一個具體例,該投藥係藉由鼻部噴劑來致效。
在本發明上下文中,適用於咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物為呈現液體、半固體或固體形式的調配物,舉例來說,溶液、凝膠或粉末。
在本發明上下文中,咽部投藥可藉由使用液體噴霧器(譬如壓電霧化器、噴嘴或超聲波氣霧發生器、幫浦噴劑)或計量型氣霧劑的吸入,或藉由使用支氣管鏡(滴注)、滴管、擠壓瓶或類似物的局部投藥來致效。
在本發明上下文中,治療效果被定義為患有睡眠相關的呼吸道疾病,例如阻塞性與中樞性睡眠呼吸中止症和打鼾的患者在鼻部或咽部投予包含治療有效量之至少一種TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑或其水合物、溶劑合物、多晶形物或代謝物或其醫藥上可接受的鹽的根據本發明的調配物之後的睡眠呼吸中止-低通氣指數(AHI)降低了。
根據本發明的一個具體例,治療效果被定義患有睡眠相關的呼吸道疾病,例如阻塞性與中樞性睡眠呼吸中止症和打鼾的患者在鼻部或咽部投予包含治療有效量之至少一種TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑或其水合物、溶劑合物、多晶形物或代謝物或其醫藥上可接受的鹽的根據本發明的調配物之後的睡眠呼吸中止-低通氣指數(AHI)降低了至少20%。
根據本發明的一個具體例,治療效果被定義患有睡眠相關的呼吸道疾病,例如阻塞性與中樞性睡眠呼吸中止症和打鼾的患者在鼻部或咽部投予包含治療有效量之至少一種TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑或其水合 物、溶劑合物、多晶形物或代謝物或其醫藥上可接受的鹽的根據本發明的調配物之後的睡眠呼吸中止-低通氣指數(AHI)降低了至少20%、至少25%、至少30%、至少35%、至少40%、至少45%、至少50%、至少55%、至少60%、至少65%、至少70%、至少75%或至少80%。
在本發明上下文中,作用持續時間被定義為在將包含治療有效量之至少一種TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑或其水合物、溶劑合物、多晶形物或代謝物或其醫藥上可接受的鹽的根據本發明的調配物經鼻部或咽部投至患有睡眠相關的呼吸道疾病,例如阻塞性與中樞性睡眠呼吸中止症和打鼾的患者之後,該患者的睡眠呼吸中止-低通氣指數(AHI)降低的時間期。
根據本發明的一個具體例,作用持續時間被定義為在將包含治療有效量之至少一種TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑或其水合物、溶劑合物、多晶形物或代謝物或其醫藥上可接受的鹽的根據本發明的調配物經鼻部或咽部投至患有睡眠相關的呼吸道疾病,例如阻塞性與中樞性睡眠呼吸中止症和打鼾的患者之後,該患者的睡眠呼吸中止-低通氣指數(AHI)降低至少20%的時間期。
根據本發明的一個具體例,作用持續時間被定義為在將包含治療有效量之至少一種TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑或其水合物、溶劑合物、多晶形物或代謝物或其醫藥上可接受的鹽的根據本發明的調配物經鼻部或咽部投至患有睡眠相關的呼吸道疾病,例如阻塞性與中樞性睡眠呼吸中止症和打鼾的患者之後,該患者的睡眠呼吸中止-低通氣指數(AHI)降低至少20%、至少25%、至少30%、至少35%、至少40%、至少45%、至少50%、至少55%、至少60%、至少65%、至少70%、至少75%或至少80%的時間期。
在本發明上下文中,該作用持續時間為至少3小時或至少3.5小時或至少4小時或至少4.5小時或至少5小時或至少5.5小時或至少6小時或至少6.5小時或至少7小時或至少7.5小時或至少8小時。根據本發明的一個實施例,該作用持續時間為至少3小時。根據本發明的一個實施例,該作用持續時間為至少4小時。根據本發明的一個實施例,該作用持續時間為至少5小時。根據本發明的一個實施例,該作用持續時間為至少6小時。
在本發明上下文中,治療有效量之至少一種TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑或其水合物、溶劑合物、多晶形物或代謝物或其醫藥上可接受的鹽係定義為TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的至少一抑制劑、或其水合物、溶劑合物、多晶形物或其代謝物或其醫藥上可接受的鹽在鼻部或咽部投藥上顯示至少3小時或至少3.5小時或至少4小時或至少4.5小時或至少5小時或至少5.5小時或至少6小時或至少6.5小時或至少7小時或至少7.5小時或至少8小時之作用持續時間的份量。
在本發明上下文中,治療有效量之至少一種TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑或其水合物、溶劑合物、多晶形物或代謝物或其醫藥上可接受的鹽係定義為至少一種TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑、或其水合物、溶劑合物、多晶形物或其代謝物或其醫藥上可接受的鹽在鼻部或咽部投藥上顯示至少3小時之作用持續時間的份量。
在本發明上下文中,治療有效量之至少一種TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑或其水合物、溶劑合物、多晶形物或代謝物或其醫藥上可接受的鹽係定義為至少一種TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑、或其水合物、溶劑合物、多晶形物或其代謝物或其醫藥上可接受的鹽在鼻部或咽部投藥上顯示至少4小時之作用持續時間的份量。
在本發明上下文中,治療有效量之至少一種TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑或其水合物、溶劑合物、多晶形物或代謝物或其醫藥上可接受的鹽係定義為至少一種TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑、或其水合物、溶劑合物、多晶形物或其代謝物或其醫藥上可接受的鹽在鼻部或咽部投藥上顯示至少5小時之作用持續時間的份量。
在本發明上下文中,治療有效量之至少一種TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑或其水合物、溶劑合物、多晶形物或代謝物或其醫藥上可接受的鹽係定義為至少一種TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑、或其水合物、溶劑合物、多晶形物或其代謝物或其醫藥上可接受的鹽在鼻部或咽部投藥上顯示至少6小時之作用持續時間的份量。
在本發明上下文中,輔劑為在該穩定醫藥調配物中用於,舉例來說,調節或穩定pH、增加活性成分的溶解度、微生物學和物理穩定該製劑、改變該調配物的黏性或改善味道或外觀的物質。
在本發明上下文中的輔劑的例子為pH調節劑、增溶劑、抗氧化劑、穩定劑、增稠劑、防腐劑、調整張力的物質、香氛、香料或染料。
本發明亦提供了根據本發明用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其中該視情況之至少一種輔劑係選自由下列所構成之群組:至少一種pH調節劑、至少一種增溶劑、至少一種抗氧化劑、至少一種穩定劑、至少一種增稠劑、至少一種防腐劑、至少一種用於調整張力的物質、至少一種香氛、至少一種香料和至少一種染料。
在本發明上下文中,pH調節劑為,舉例來說,緩衝劑,例如檸檬酸及其鹽、乙酸及其鹽、磷酸及其鹽、或無機酸,例如氫氯酸、硼酸、羧酸、二羧酸、胺基酸或有機酸,例如一元羧酸,例如氧代羧酸或多元羧酸,或鹼,例如氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、碳酸鈉、碳酸氫鈉。
本發明亦提供了根據本發明用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其中該視情況之至少一種pH調節劑係選自由下列所構成之群組:選自檸檬酸及其鹽、乙酸及其鹽、磷酸及其鹽、氫氯酸、硼酸、羧酸、二羧酸、胺基酸、氧代羧酸、多元羧酸、氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、碳酸鈉和碳酸氫鈉。
根據本發明的一個具體例,該pH調節劑為磷酸鹽緩衝液。根據本發明的一個具體例,該pH調節劑是將本發明上下文中的溶液緩衝至介於4至8之間的pH的磷酸鹽緩衝液。較佳的pH範圍為介於7至8之間。根據一個具體例,根據本發明的調配物的pH為7。
在本發明上下文中,增溶劑為,舉例來說,螯合劑(舉例來說,環糊精和EDTA鈉(乙二胺四乙酸鈉))、共溶劑(舉例來說,乙醇、丙二醇、二甲基乙醯胺)、和表面活性劑。表面活性劑的群組包括,舉例來說,脂肪醇(舉例來說,鯨蠟醇)、磷脂(舉例來說,卵磷脂)、甾醇(舉例來說,膽固醇)、膽汁酸鹽、皂苷、甘油脂肪酸酯(舉例來說,甘油單硬脂酸酯)、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯(舉例來說,硬脂酸聚氧乙烯)、聚氧乙烯脫水山梨醇脂肪酸酯(例如 Tween®,舉例來說,聚山梨酯20(聚氧乙烯(20)脫水山梨醇單月桂酸酯)、聚山梨酯21(聚氧乙烯(4)脫水山梨醇單月桂酸酯)、聚山梨酯40(聚氧乙烯(20)脫水山梨醇單棕櫚酸酯)、聚山梨酯60(聚氧乙烯(20)脫水山梨醇單硬脂酸酯)、聚山梨酯61(聚氧乙烯(4)脫水山梨醇單硬脂酸酯)、聚山梨酯65(聚氧乙烯(20)脫水山梨醇三硬脂酸酯)、聚山梨酯80(聚氧乙烯(20)脫水山梨醇單油酸酯)、聚山梨酯81(聚氧乙烯(5)脫水山梨醇單油酸酯)、聚山梨酯85(聚氧乙烯(20)脫水山梨醇三油酸酯)、聚山梨酯120(聚氧乙烯(20)脫水山梨醇單異硬脂酸酯))、脫水山梨醇脂肪酸酯(例如Span®,舉例來說,脫水山梨醇單月桂酸酯(Span® 20)、脫水山梨醇單棕櫚酸酯(Span® 40)、脫水山梨醇單硬脂酸酯(Span® 60)、脫水山梨醇三硬脂酸酯(Span® 65)、脫水山梨醇單油酸酯(Span® 80)、脫水山梨醇倍半油酸酯(Span® 83)、脫水山梨醇三油酸酯(Span® 85)、聚氧乙烯甘油脂肪酸酯(舉例來說,聚氧乙烯單硬脂酸甘油酯、聚氧乙烯甘油蓖麻油酸酯、聚氧乙烯甘油甘油三蓖麻油酸酯)、聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚(舉例來說,聚氧乙烯月桂醚、聚氧乙烯鯨蠟基-硬脂基醚)、聚氧丙烯-聚氧乙烯嵌段共聚物(舉例來說,泊洛沙姆(poloxamer))、烷基硫酸鹽(舉例來說,月桂基硫酸鈉、鯨蠟基-硬脂基硫酸鈉)、鹼皂(舉例來說,棕櫚酸鈉、硬脂酸鈉)和蔗糖脂肪酸酯。根據本發明的一個具體例,該增溶劑係選自由下列所構成之群組:乙醇、聚山梨酯20、聚氧乙烯(8)硬脂酸酯與聚山梨酯80。根據本發明的一個具體例,該增溶劑為聚山梨酯80。
本發明亦提供了根據本發明用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其中該視情況之至少一種增溶劑選自乙醇、聚山梨酯20、聚氧乙烯(8)硬脂酸酯和聚山梨酯80。
假使表面活性劑係作為增溶劑存在於根據本發明的調配物中,則此表面活性劑的濃度係至少為其臨界微胞濃度(CMC),並且至多為鼻部或咽部投藥的最大核准量。聚山梨酯80的CMC為0.001% w/v,最大醫藥核准濃度為10% w/v。當使用聚山梨酯80作為增溶劑時,聚山梨酯80係以0.001-10% w/v、或0.1-10% w/v、或1-10% w/v或5-10% w/v的濃度存在於根據本發明的調配物中。或者,聚山梨酯80亦可以高達15% w/v或高達20% w/v的濃度存 在於根據本發明的調配物中。
在本發明上下文中,抗氧化劑為,舉例來說,檸檬酸、丁基羥基茴香醚、丁基羥基甲苯、EDTA、用氮氣吹掃、生育酚、抗壞血酸、穀胱甘肽、半胱胺酸、亞硫酸鹽(舉例來說,亞硫酸鈉、亞硫酸氫鈉)、焦亞硫酸鹽(舉例來說,焦亞硫酸鈉)、抗壞血酸酯或沒食子酸酯。根據本發明的一個具體例,該抗氧化劑係選自由下列所構成之群組:檸檬酸、丁基羥基茴香醚、丁基羥基甲苯、EDTA和氮氣吹掃。根據本發明的一個具體例,該抗氧化劑是丁基羥基茴香醚。
本發明亦提供了根據本發明用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其中該視情況之至少一種抗氧化劑係選自由下列所構成之群組:檸檬酸、丁基羥基茴香醚、丁基羥基甲苯、EDTA和用氮氣沖洗。
本發明的一個具體例關於用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其包含治療有效量之至少一種TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑、或其水合物、溶劑合物、多晶形物或代謝物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其於1%至100% w/v甘油中,以及抗氧化劑與視情況地至少一種另外的輔劑,其中該調配物具有4至8的pH。
在本發明上下文中,防腐劑為,舉例來說,酚系物質,例如苯酚或甲酚,醇類,例如乙醇、氯丁醇、苯乙醇、或丙二醇,轉化皂類,例如苯扎氯銨或苄索氯銨(benzethonium chloride)、苯甲酸及其鹽、山梨酸及其鹽、脫氫乙酸和硫酸及其鹽、亞硫酸氫鈉、對羥基苯甲酸酯類(parabens),包括對羥基苯甲酸甲酯和對羥基苯甲酸丙酯或硫柳汞(thiomersal)。根據本發明的一個具體例,該防腐劑係選自由下列所構成之群組:C8-C18氯化烷、對羥基苯甲酸甲酯、對羥基苯甲酸丙酯、山梨酸、氯丁醇和苯扎氯銨。根據本發明的一個具體例,該防腐劑為苯扎氯銨。
本發明亦提供了根據本發明用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其中該視情況之至少一種防腐劑係選自由下列所構成之群組:C8-C18氯化烷、對羥基苯甲酸甲酯、對羥基苯甲酸丙酯、山梨酸、氯丁醇和苯扎氯銨。
在本發明上下文中,用於調節張力的物質為,舉例來說,鹽(譬如具有生理上可耐受的平衡離子的血漿陽離子)、糖(譬如葡萄糖、蔗糖)、糖醇(譬如甘露醇、山梨醇)、二醇(譬如丙二醇)及其他非離子多元醇材料。
在本發明上下文中,增稠劑為,舉例來說,天然橡膠、海藻酸、果膠、澱粉和澱粉衍生物、明膠、泊洛沙姆(環氧乙烷和環氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物)、纖維素衍生物、丙烯酸聚合物或乙烯基聚合物。
根據本發明的一個具體例,根據本發明的調配物包含至少一種pH調節劑作為輔劑。根據本發明的一個具體例,根據本發明的調配物包含至少一種抗氧化劑作為輔劑。根據本發明的一個具體例,根據本發明的調配物包含至少一種增溶劑作為輔劑。根據本發明的一個具體例,根據本發明的調配物包含至少一種pH調節劑和至少一種增溶劑作為輔劑。根據本發明的一個具體例,根據本發明的調配物包含至少一種抗氧化劑和至少一種增溶劑作為輔劑。根據本發明的一個具體例,根據本發明的調配物包含至少一種pH調節劑、至少一種增溶劑和至少一種抗氧化劑作為輔劑。根據本發明的一個具體例,根據本發明的調配物包含至少一種pH調節劑、至少一種增溶劑、至少一種抗氧化劑和至少一種防腐劑作為輔劑。
本發明亦提供了根據本發明用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其中該調配物包含2至50% w/v甘油、1至10% wv增溶劑、至多97% w/v pH調節劑和視情況地至少一種另外的輔劑。
本發明的一個具體例是根據本發明用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其中該調配物包含1% w/v至100% w/v甘油,並且視情況地包含至少一種pH調節劑和視情況地至少一種增溶劑以及視情況地至少一種另外的輔劑。
在本發明上下文中,根據本發明的調配物的動態黏性(在20℃)係介於0.5與1480mPa*s之間,較佳介於1.0與140mPa*s之間。根據本發明用於藉由鼻部噴劑經鼻投藥的調配物較佳具有介於1.0至140mPa*s之間的動態黏性(在20℃)。根據本發明用於藉由鼻部滴劑經鼻投藥的調配物較佳具有介於1.0與1480mPa*s之間的動態黏性(在20℃)。
本發明的一個具體例是根據本發明用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其中該調配物在20℃具有黏性為0.5-200mPa*s,較佳為1-20mPa*s。
根據本發明的一個調配物-包含2.5% w/v的85%甘油溶液和10% w/v聚山梨酯80於磷酸鹽緩衝液中-具有約2mPa*s的動態黏性。
在本發明上下文中,霧化調配物的較佳液滴尺寸(表明為中位數體積直徑)係介於5和300μm之間,較佳介於30和100μm之間。這與投藥是經鼻部或咽部無關。
本發明的一個具體例是根據本發明用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其中該調配物係作為鼻部噴劑投予並具有中位數體積直徑為5-300μm,較佳30-100μm的液滴尺寸。
本發明上下文中,術語甘油(glycerol)與甘油(glycerin)同義。
在本發明上下文中,規格「1% w/v甘油」表示1% w/v的絕對甘油濃度,其相當於85%甘油溶液的1.18% w/v濃度。
甘油(絕對)[% w/v]的另外濃度係對應於85%甘油溶液的下列濃度:
根據本發明的一個具體例,根據本發明的調配物包含1% w/v至100% w/v或1% w/v至90% w/v或1% w/v至80% w/v或1% w/v至70% w/v或1% w/v至60% w/v或1% w/v至50% w/v或1% w/v至40% w/v或1% w/v至30% w/v或1% w/v至20% w/v或1% w/v至10% w/v或1% w/v至5% w/v或2% w/v至100% w/v或2% w/v至90% w/v或2% w/v至80% w/v或2% w/v至70% w/v或2% w/v至60% w/v或2% w/v至50% w/v或2% w/v至40% w/v或2% w/v至30% w/v或2% w/v至20% w/v或2% w/v至10% w/v或2% w/v至5% w/v或2% w/v或5% w/v甘油。
根據本發明的一個具體例,根據本發明的調配物包含2.5-5% w/v的85%甘油溶液。根據本發明又一具體例,根據本發明的調配物包含2.5% w/v的85%甘油溶液。
在本發明上下文中,活性成分係定義為TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑、或其水合物、溶劑合物、多晶形物、或代謝物或其醫藥上可接受的鹽。
根據本發明的穩定醫藥調配物為,舉例來說,當中的至少一種TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑係選自PCT/EP2016/079973所述化合物的那些調配物。
根據本發明的穩定醫藥調配物為,舉例來說,當中的至少一種TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑係選自通式(I)之化合物的該些調配物,
其中R1 代表鹵素、氰基、(C1-C4)-烷基、環丙基或環丁基 以及R2 代表(C4-C6)-環烷基,其中一環CH2基團可被-O-置換或代表式(a)苯基或式(b)吡啶基
其中*標記接至毗鄰羰基的鍵且R3 代表氟、氯、溴、氰基、(C1-C3)-烷基或(C1-C3)-烷氧基,其中(C1-C3)-烷基與(C1-C3)-烷氧基可經氟至多三次取代,R4 代表氫、氟、氯、溴或甲基,R5 代表氫、氟、氯、溴或甲基以及R6 為氫、(C1-C3)-烷氧基、環丁基氧基、氧雜環丁烷-3-基氧基、四氫呋喃-3-基氧基或四氫-2H-吡喃-4-基氧基,其中(C1-C3)-烷氧基可經氟至多三次取代,及其鹽、溶劑合物與鹽之溶劑合物。
根據本發明的穩定醫藥調配物為,舉例來說,當中的至少一種TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑係選自上文給予的通式(I)之化合物的該些調配物,其中R1 代表氟、氯、溴、甲基、異丙基、三級丁基或環丙基以及R2 代表環丁基、環戊基或環己基或代表式(a)苯基或式(b)吡啶基
其中*標記接至毗鄰羰基的鍵且R3 代表氟、氯、氰基、(C1-C3)-烷基、(C1-C3)-烷氧基或三氟甲氧基,R4 代表氫、氟或氯,R5 代表氫、氟、氯、溴或甲基以及R6 代表氫或(C1-C3)-烷氧基,其可經氟至多三次取代,及其鹽、溶劑合物與鹽之溶劑合物。
根據本發明的穩定醫藥調配物為,舉例來說,當中的至少一種TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑係選自通式(I)之化合物的該些調配物,其中R1 代表氯或溴,及其鹽、溶劑合物與鹽之溶劑合物。
根據本發明的穩定醫藥調配物為,舉例來說,當中的至少一種TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑係選自通式(I)之化合物的該些調配物,其中R1 代表甲基、異丙基、三級丁基或環丙基,及其鹽、溶劑合物與鹽之溶劑合物。
根據本發明的穩定醫藥調配物為,舉例來說,當中的至少一種TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑係選自通式(I)之化合物的該些調配物,其中R2 代表環丁基、環戊基或環己基,及其鹽、溶劑合物與鹽之溶劑合物。
根據本發明的穩定醫藥調配物亦為,舉例來說,當中的至少一種TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑係選自通式(I)之化合物的該些調配物,其中R2 代表式(a)苯基
其中**標記接至毗鄰羰基的鍵,R3 代表氟、氯、氰基、(C1-C3)-烷基或(C1-C3)-烷氧基以及R4 代表氫、氟或氯,及其鹽、溶劑合物與鹽之溶劑合物。
根據本發明的穩定醫藥調配物亦為,舉例來說,當中的至少一種TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑係選自通式(I)之化合物的該些調配物,其中R2 代表式(b)吡啶基
其中**標記接至毗鄰羰基的鍵,R5 代表氫、氯或溴以及R6 代表(C1-C3)-烷氧基,其可經氟至多三次取代,及其鹽、溶劑合物與鹽之溶劑合物。
根據本發明的穩定醫藥調配物亦為,舉例來說,當中的至少一種TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑係選自通式(I)之化合物的該些調配物,其中R1 代表氯、溴、異丙基或環丙基以及R2 代表環丁基、環戊基或環己基或代表式(a)苯基或式(b)吡啶基
其中*標記接至毗鄰羰基的鍵且R3 代表氟、氯、氰基、甲基、異丙基、甲氧基或乙氧基,R4 代表氫、氟或氯,R5 代表氫、氯或溴以及R6 代表甲氧基、二氟甲氧基、三氟甲氧基或異丙氧基,及其鹽、溶劑合物與鹽之溶劑合物。
不論指明之基的分別組合,在基的分別組合或較佳組合中所指明之個別基定義亦視必要由其他組合的基定義置換。
極尤其偏好的是上述較佳範圍之兩或更多者的組合。
根據本發明的穩定醫藥調配物亦為當中的至少一種TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑係選自表1之化合物的該些調配物。該等化合物的合成係描述於PCT/EP2016/079973。
根據本發明的穩定醫藥調配物亦為當中的TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的至少一抑制劑係選自由下列所構成之群組的該些調配物:
及其鹽、溶劑合物與鹽之溶劑合物。
根據本發明的穩定醫藥調配物亦為當中TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的至少一抑制劑為(4-{[2-(4-氯苯基)咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基]甲基}哌-1-基)(6- 甲氧基吡啶-2-基)甲酮的該些調配物。
本發明的又一具體例為根據本發明用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其係用於治療及/或預防疾病。
本發明的又一具體例為用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其係用於治療及/或預防呼吸道疾病、睡眠相關的呼吸道疾病、阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症、中樞性睡眠呼吸中止症、打鼾、心律不整、節律不齊、神經退化病症、神經炎性病症與神經免疫病症的方法。
本發明的又一具體例為用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其係用於治療及/或預防呼吸道疾病、睡眠相關的呼吸道疾病、阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症、中樞性睡眠呼吸中止症、打鼾、心律不整、節律不齊、神經退化病症、神經炎性病症與神經免疫病症的方法,其中該鼻部或咽部投藥係藉助於鼻腔或咽部投藥是藉由鼻部噴劑、鼻部滴劑、鼻部溶液、粉末吸入器、霧化器、計量氣霧劑或半固體凝膠。
本發明的又一具體例為用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其係用於治療及/或預防呼吸道疾病、睡眠相關的呼吸道疾病、阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症、中樞性睡眠呼吸中止症、打鼾、心律不整、節律不齊、神經退化病症、神經炎性病症與神經免疫病症的方法,其中該作用持續時間為至少3小時。
本發明的又一具體例為用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其係用於治療及/或預防呼吸道疾病、睡眠相關的呼吸道疾病、阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症、中樞性睡眠呼吸中止症、打鼾、心律不整、節律不齊、神經退化病症、神經炎性病症與神經免疫病症的方法,其中該作用持續時間為至少4小時。
本發明的又一具體例為用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其係用於治療及/或預防呼吸道疾病、睡眠相關的呼吸道疾病、阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症、中樞性睡眠呼吸中止症、打鼾、心律不整、節律不齊、神經退化病症、神經炎性病症與神經免疫病症的方法,其中該作用持續時間為至少5小時。
本發明的又一具體例為用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其係用於治療及/或預防呼吸道疾病、睡眠相關的呼吸道疾病、阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症、中樞性睡眠呼吸中止症、打鼾、心律不整、節律不齊、神經退化病症、神經炎性病症與神經免疫病症的方法,其中該作用持續時間為至少6小時。
本發明的又一具體例為根據本發明用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其係用於治療及/或預防阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症或打鼾的方法,該調配物包含治療有效量之TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道抑制劑4-{[2-(4-氯苯基)咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基]甲基}哌-1-基)(6-甲氧基吡啶-2-基)甲酮或其水合物、溶劑合物、多晶形物或代謝物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其溶於2%至5% w/v甘油以及1至10% w/v聚山梨酯80與具有7之pH的至多97% w/v磷酸鹽緩衝液,和視情況地至少一另外的輔劑,其中在鼻部或咽部投藥之後,該穩定醫藥調配物的該作用持續時間為至少3小時或至少4小時或至少5小時或至少6小時或至少7小時或至少8小時。
本發明的又一具體例為根據本發明用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其係用於治療及/或預防阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症或打鼾的方法,該調配物包含:治療有效量之TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道抑制劑4-{[2-(4-氯苯基)咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基]甲基}哌-1-基)(6-甲氧基吡啶-2-基)甲酮或其水合物、溶劑合物、多晶形物或代謝物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其溶於2%至5% w/v甘油以及1至10% w/v聚山梨酯80與具有7之pH的至多97% w/v磷酸鹽緩衝液,和視情況地至少一另外的輔劑,其中在鼻部或咽部投藥之後,該穩定醫藥調配物的該作用持續時間為至少3小時。
本發明的又一具體例為根據本發明用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其係用於治療及/或預防阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症或打鼾的方法,該調配物包含:治療有效量之TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道抑制劑4-{[2-(4-氯苯基)咪唑并 [1,2-a]吡啶-3-基]甲基}哌-1-基)(6-甲氧基吡啶-2-基)甲酮或其水合物、溶劑合物、多晶形物或代謝物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其溶於2%至5% w/v甘油以及1至10% w/v聚山梨酯80與具有7之pH的至多97% w/v磷酸鹽緩衝液,和視情況地至少一另外的輔劑,其中在鼻部或咽部投藥之後,該穩定醫藥調配物的該作用持續時間為至少4小時。
本發明的又一具體例為根據本發明用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其係用於治療及/或預防阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症或打鼾的方法,該調配物包含治療有效量之TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道抑制劑4-{[2-(4-氯苯基)咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基]甲基}哌-1-基)(6-甲氧基吡啶-2-基)甲酮或其水合物、溶劑合物、多晶形物或代謝物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其溶於2%至5% w/v甘油以及1至10% w/v聚山梨酯80與具有7之pH的至多97% w/v磷酸鹽緩衝液,和視情況地至少一另外的輔劑,其中在鼻部或咽部投藥之後,該穩定醫藥調配物的該作用持續時間為至少5小時。
本發明的又一具體例為根據本發明用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其係用於治療及/或預防阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症或打鼾的方法,該調配物包含治療有效量之TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道抑制劑4-{[2-(4-氯苯基)咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基]甲基}哌-1-基)(6-甲氧基吡啶-2-基)甲酮或其水合物、溶劑合物、多晶形物或代謝物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其於2%至5% w/v甘油中以及1至10% w/v聚山梨酯80與具有7之pH的至多97% w/v磷酸鹽緩衝液,和視情況地至少一種另外的輔劑,其中在鼻部或咽部投藥之後,該穩定醫藥調配物的該作用持續時間為至少6小時。
本發明的調配物可單獨使用或-如有需要-和一或多個其他藥理活性物質合併使用,前提是此組合不會導致非所欲與不可接受的副作用。本發明因此更提供包含本發明調配物之至少一者和一或多個另外活性成分的醫藥品,尤其是用於治療及/或預防前述病症。適用於此目的之組合活性成分的較佳例子包括:˙呼吸刺激劑,舉例且偏好的是,茶鹼(theophylline)、多沙普崙 (doxapram)、尼卡巴胺(nikethamide)或咖啡因(caffeine);˙精神興奮劑,舉例且偏好的是,莫達非尼(modafinil)或愛達非尼(armodafinil);˙安非他命(amphetamines)與安非他命衍生物,舉例且偏好的是,安非他命、甲基安非他命或利他能(methylphenidate);˙血清素再吸收抑制劑,舉例且偏好的是,氟西汀(fluoxetine)、帕羅西丁(paroxetine)、西酞普蘭(citalopram)、艾司普蘭(escitalopram)、舍曲林(sertraline)、氟伏沙明(fluvoxamine)或曲唑酮(trazodone);˙血清素前驅物,舉例且偏好的是,L-色胺酸;˙選擇性血清素去甲腎上腺素能再吸收抑制劑,舉例且偏好的是,文拉法辛(venlafaxine)或度洛西汀(duloxetine);˙去甲腎上腺素能和特異性血清素能抗抑鬱藥,舉例且偏好的是,米氮平(mirtazapine);˙選擇性去甲腎上腺素能再吸收抑制劑,舉例且偏好的是,瑞波西汀(reboxetine);˙三環類抗抑鬱藥,舉例且偏好的是,阿米替林(amitriptyline)、普羅替林(protriptyline)、多塞平(doxepine)、曲米帕明(trimipramine)、丙咪(imipramine)、氯米帕明(clomipramine)或地昔帕明(desipramine);˙α2-腎上腺素能促效劑,舉例且偏好的是,可樂定(clonidine);˙GABA促效劑,舉例且偏好的是,巴氯芬(baclofen);˙α擬交感神經藥,舉例且偏好的是,木糖唑啉(xylometazoline)、羥甲唑啉(oxymetazoline)、苯腎上腺素(phenylephrine)、萘甲唑啉(naphazoline)、四唑啉(tetryzoline)或曲馬唑啉(tramazoline);˙糖皮質激素,舉例且偏好的是,氟替卡松(fluticasone)、布地奈德(budesonide)、倍氯米松(beclometasone)、莫米松(mometasone)、替可的酮(tixocortol)或曲安奈德(triamcinolone);˙大麻素(carnabinoid)受體促效劑;˙碳水化酶抑制劑,舉例且偏好的是,乙醯偶氮胺(acetazolamide)、甲醋 唑胺(methazolamide)或雙氯非那胺(diclofenamide);˙鴉片類(opioid)與苯二氮平(benzodiazepine)受體拮抗劑,舉例且偏好的是,氟馬西尼(flumazenil)、納洛酮(naloxone)或納曲酮(naltrexone);˙膽鹼酯酶抑制劑,舉例且偏好的是,新斯的明(neostigmine)、吡斯的明(pyridostigmine)、毒扁豆鹼(physostigmine)、多奈哌齊(donepezil)、加蘭他敏(galantamine)或利伐斯的明(rivastigmine);˙N-甲基-D-天門冬胺酸和穀胺酸拮抗劑,舉例且偏好的是,金剛烷胺(amantadine)、美金剛(memantine)或沙貝魯唑(sabeluzole);˙尼古丁受體促效劑;˙白三烯受體拮抗劑,舉例且偏好的是,孟魯司特(montelukast)或崔魯司特(tripelukast);˙多巴胺受體拮抗劑,舉例且偏好的是,多潘立酮(dromperidone)、甲氧氯普胺(metoclopramide)或苄醯胺(benzamide)、苯丁酮(butyrophenone)或吩噻(phenothiazine)衍生物;˙食慾抑制劑,舉例且偏好的是,西布曲明(sibutramin)、托吡酯(topiramate)、芬特明(phentermine)、脂肪酶抑制劑或大麻素受體拮抗劑;˙質子幫浦抑制劑,舉例且偏好的是,泮托拉唑(pantoprrazole)、奧美拉唑(omeprrazole)、伊莫拉唑(esomeprrazole)、蘭索拉唑(lansoprrazole)或雷貝拉唑(rabeprrazole);˙有機硝酸鹽和NO供體,舉例來說,硝普鈉(sodium nitroprusside)、硝化甘油、異山梨醇單硝酸酯、二硝酸異山梨酯、嗎莫地平(molsidomine)或SIN-1,與吸入式NO;˙抑制環鳥苷單磷酸酯(cGMP)及/或環腺苷單磷酸酯(cAMP)降解的化合物,舉例來說,磷酸二酯酶(PDE)1、2、3、4及/或5的抑制劑,尤其是PDE 5抑制劑,例如西地那非(sildenafil)、伐地那非(vardenafil)、他達拉非(tadalafil)、烏地那非(udenafil)、達沙他非(dasantafil)、阿伐那非(avanafil)、米羅那非(mirodenafil)或洛地那非(lodenafil);˙可溶性鳥苷酸環化酶(sGC)的NO-及血紅素-獨立性活化劑,例如尤其是 說明於WO 01/19355、WO 01/19776、WO 01/19778、WO 01/19780、WO 02/070462與WO 02/070510的化合物;˙可溶性鳥苷酸環化酶(sGC)的NO-獨立性但是血紅素依賴性刺激劑,例如尤其是利奧西呱(riociguat)、威利西呱(vericiguat)與說明於WO 00/06568、WO 00/06569、WO 02/42301、WO 03/095451、WO 2011/147809、WO 2012/004258、WO 2012/028647與WO 2012/059549的化合物;˙前列環素類似物與IP受體促效劑,舉例且偏好的是,依洛前列素(iloprost)、貝前列素(beraprost)、曲前列素(treprostinil)、依前列醇(epoprostenol)或賽樂西帕(selexipag);˙內皮素受體拮抗劑,舉例且偏好的是,波生坦(bosentan)、達盧生坦(darusentan)、安貝生坦(ambrisentan)或西他生坦(sitaxsentan);˙抑制人類嗜中性細胞彈性蛋白酶(HNE)的化合物,舉例且偏好的是,西維來司(sivelestat)或DX-890(瑞創(reltran));˙抑制細胞外基質的降解和變動的化合物,舉例且偏好的是,基質金屬蛋白酶(MMPs)的抑制劑,尤其是基質溶素(stromelysin)、膠原酶、明膠酶和聚集蛋白聚醣酶(aggrecanases)(就此上下文而言,尤其是MMP-1、MMP-3、MMP-8、MMP-9、MMP-10、MMP-11與MMP-13)與金屬蛋白酶(MMP-12)的抑制劑;˙阻斷血清素結合至其受體的化合物,舉例且偏好的是,5-HT2B受體的拮抗劑,例如PRX-08066;˙生長因子、細胞介質和趨化介質的拮抗劑,舉例且偏好的是,TGF-β、CTGF、IL-1、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-8、IL-13與整合素的拮抗劑;˙ρ激酶-抑制化合物,舉例且偏好的是,法舒地爾(fasudil)、Y-27632、SLx-2119、BF-66851、BF-66852、BF-66853、KI-23095或BA-1049;˙影響心臟能量代謝的化合物,舉例且偏好的是,依托莫司(etomoxir)、二氯乙酸、雷諾(ranolazine)或曲美他(trimetazidine);˙抑制信號傳導級聯的化合物,舉例且偏好的是,來自激酶抑制劑群組, 尤其來自酪胺酸激酶及/或絲胺酸/蘇胺酸激酶抑制劑群組,舉例且偏好的是,尼達尼布(nintedanib)、達沙替尼(dasatinib)、尼羅替尼(nilotinib)、波束替尼(bosutinib)、瑞果尼布(regorafenib)、索拉非尼(sorafenib)、舒尼替尼(sunitinib)、西地尼布(cediranib)、阿西替尼(axitinib)、替拉替尼(telatinib)、伊馬替尼(imatinib)、布伐尼布(brivanib)、帕唑帕尼(pazopanib)、伐他拉尼(vatalanib)、吉非替尼(gefitinib)、埃羅替尼(erlotinib)、拉帕替尼(lapatinib)、卡奈替尼(canertinib)、來他替尼(lestaurtinib)、泰息安(pelitinib)、司馬沙尼(semaxanib)或坦度替尼(tandutinib);˙抗阻塞劑係用於,舉例來說,治療慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)或支氣管哮喘,舉例且偏好的是,來自以下群組;吸入性或全身性投予的β-腎上腺素能受體促效劑(β-模擬物)與吸入性投予的抗毒蕈鹼能物質;˙抗炎性、免疫調節、免疫抑制及/或細胞毒性劑,舉例且偏好的是,來自以下群組:全身性或吸入性投予的皮質類固醇與富馬酸二甲酯、芬戈莫德(fingolimod)、乙酸格拉默(glatiramer acetate)、β-干擾素、那他珠單抗(natalizumab)、特立氟胺(teriflunomide)、米托蒽醌(mitoxantrone)、免疫球蛋白、乙醯半胱胺酸、孟魯司特(montelukast)、提披路卡(tipelukast)、硫唑嘌呤(azathioprine)、環磷醯胺(cyclophosphamide)、羥基脲(hydroxycarbamide)、阿奇黴素(azithromycin)、干擾素-γ、吡非尼酮(pirfenidone)或依那西普(etanercept);˙抗纖維化劑,舉例且偏好的是,溶血磷脂酸受體1(LPA-1)拮抗劑'、CTGF抑制劑、IL-4拮抗劑、IL-13拮抗劑、TGF-β拮抗劑或吡非尼酮(pirfenidone);˙抗血栓劑,舉例且偏好的是,來自以下群組:血小板凝集抑制劑、抗凝血劑和纖維蛋白溶解物質;˙降壓活性成分,舉例且偏好的是,來自以下群組:鈣鈣拮抗劑、血管緊張素AII拮抗劑、ACE抑制劑、血管肽酶抑制劑、內皮素拮抗劑、腎素抑制劑、α受體阻斷劑、β受體阻斷劑、鹽皮質激素受體拮抗劑,還有利 尿劑;及/或˙改變脂質代謝的活性成分,舉例且偏好的是,來自以下群組:甲狀腺受體促效劑、膽固醇合成抑制劑,舉例且較佳的是,HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑或角鯊烯合成抑制劑、ACAT抑制劑、CETP抑制劑、MTP抑制劑、PPAR-α、PPAR-γ及/或PPAR-δ促效劑、膽固醇吸收抑制劑、脂肪酶抑制劑、聚合膽汁酸吸附劑、膽汁酸再吸收抑制劑與脂蛋白(a)拮抗劑。
在本發明的較佳具體例中,本發明的調配物係和以下合併投予:β-腎上腺素能受體促效劑,舉例且偏好的是,阿布叔醇(albuterol)、異丙腎上腺素(isoproterenol)、奥西那林(metaproterenol)、特布他林(terbutalin)、非諾特羅(fenoterol)、福莫特羅(formoterol)、瑞特醇(reproterol)、沙丁胺醇(salbutamol)或沙美特羅(salmeterol)。
在本發明的較佳具體例中,本發明的調配物係和以下合併投予:抗毒蕈鹼能物質,舉例且偏好的是,異丙托溴銨(ipratropium bromide)、噻托溴銨(tiotropium bromide)或氧托溴銨(oxitropium bromide)。
在本發明的較佳具體例中,本發明的調配物係和以下合併投予:皮質類固醇,舉例且偏好的是,潑尼松(prednisone)、潑尼松龍(prednisolone)、甲基潑尼松龍(methylprednisolone)、曲安西龍(triamcinolone)、地塞米松(dexamethasone)、倍氯米松(beclomethasone)、倍他米松(betamethasone)、氟尼縮松(flunisolide)、布地奈德(budesonide)或氟替卡松(fluticasone)。
抗血栓劑係較佳理解為意指來自血小板凝集抑制劑、抗凝血劑與前纖維蛋白溶解物質群組的化合物。
在本發明的較佳具體例中,根據本發明的調配物係和以下合併投予:血小板凝集抑制劑,舉例且偏好的是,阿斯匹靈(aspirin)、氯吡格雷(clopidogrel)、噻氯匹定(ticlopidine)或雙嘧達莫(dipyridamole)。
在本發明的較佳具體例中,本發明的調配物係和以下合併投予:纖維蛋白酶抑制劑,舉例且偏好的是,希美加群(ximelagatran)、美拉加群(melagatran)、達比加群(dabigatran)、比伐盧定(bivalirudin)或克立生(clexane)。
在本發明的較佳具體例中,本發明的調配物係和以下合併投予: GPIIb/IIIa拮抗劑,舉例且偏好的是,替羅非班(tirofiban)或阿昔單抗(abciximab)。
在本發明的較佳具體例中,本發明的調配物係和以下合併投予:第Xa因子抑制劑,舉例且偏好的是,拜瑞妥(rivaroxaban)、阿哌沙班(apixaban)、非地沙班(fidexaban)、雷扎沙班(razaxaban)、磺達肝癸(fondaparinux)、艾屈肝素(idraparinux)、DU-176b、PMD-3112、YM-150、KFA-1982、EMD-503982、MCM-17、MLN-1021、DX 9065a、DPC 906、JTV 803、SSR-126512或SSR-128428。
在本發明的較佳具體例中,根據本發明的調配物係和以下合併投予:肝素或低分子量(LMW)肝素衍生物。
在本發明的較佳具體例中,根據本發明的調配物係和以下合併投予:維生素K拮抗劑,舉例且偏好的是,香豆素(coumarin)。
降壓劑係較佳理解為意指來自以下群組的化合物:鈣拮抗劑血管緊張素AII拮抗劑、ACE抑制劑、內皮素拮抗劑、腎素抑制劑、α-受體阻斷劑、β-受體阻斷劑、鹽皮質激素受體拮抗劑、與利尿劑。
在本發明的較佳具體例中,根據本發明的調配物係和以下合併投予:鈣拮抗劑,舉例且偏好的是,硝苯地平(nifedipine)、氨氯地平(amlodipine)、維拉帕米(verapamil)或地爾硫(diltiazem)。
在本發明的較佳具體例中,根據本發明的調配物係和以下合併投予:α-1-受體阻斷劑,舉例且偏好的是,哌唑(prazosin)。
在本發明的較佳具體例中,根據本發明的調配物係和以下合併投予:β-受體阻斷劑,舉例且偏好的是,普萘洛爾(propranolol)、阿替洛爾(atenolol)、噻嗎洛爾(timolol)、吲哚洛爾(pindolol)、阿普洛爾(alprenolol)、氧烯洛爾(oxprenolol)、噴布洛爾(penbutolol)、布普洛爾(bupranolol)、美替洛爾(metipranolol)、納多洛爾(nadolol)、甲吲洛爾(mepindolol)、卡拉洛爾(carazalol)、索他洛爾(sotalol)、美托洛爾(metoprolol)、倍他洛爾(betaxolol)、塞利洛爾(celiprolol)、比索洛爾(bisoprolol)、卡替洛爾(carteolol)、艾司洛爾(esmolol)、拉貝洛爾(labetalol)、卡維地洛(carvedilol)、阿達洛爾(adaprolol)、 蘭地洛爾(landiolol)、奈必洛爾(nebivolol)、依泮洛爾(epanolol)或布新洛爾(bucindolol)。
在本發明的較佳具體例中,根據本發明的調配物係和以下合併投予:血管緊張素AII拮抗劑,較佳例子是洛沙坦(losartan)、坎地沙坦(candesartan)、纈沙坦(valsartan)、替米沙坦(telmisartan)或恩布沙坦(embusartan)。
在本發明的較佳具體例中,根據本發明的調配物係和以下合併投予:ACE抑制劑,舉例且偏好的是,依那普利(enalapril)、卡托普利(captopril)、賴諾普利(lisinopril)、雷米普利(ramipril)、地拉普利(delapril)、福辛普利(fosinopril)、喹那普利(quinopril)、培哚普利(perindopril)或川多普利(trandopril)。
在本發明的較佳具體例中,根據本發明的調配物係和以下合併投予:內皮素拮抗劑,舉例且偏好的是,波生坦(bosentan)、達盧生坦(darusentan)、安貝生坦(ambrisentan)或西他生坦(sitaxsentan)。
在本發明的較佳具體例中,根據本發明的調配物係和以下合併投予:腎素抑制劑,舉例且偏好的是,阿利吉崙(aliskiren)、SPP-600或SPP-800。
在本發明的較佳具體例中,根據本發明的調配物係和以下合併投予:鹽皮質激素受體拮抗劑,舉例且偏好的是,螺內酯(spironolactone)、依普利酮(eplerenone)或芬內利酮(finerenone)。
在本發明的較佳具體例中,根據本發明的調配物係和以下合併投予:利尿劑,舉例且偏好的是,呋塞米(furosemide)、布美他尼(bumetanide)、托塞米(torsemide)、苯曲威噻(bendroflumethiazide)、氯噻(chlorothiazide)、氫氯噻(hydrochlorothiazide)、氫氟噻(hydroflumethiazide)、甲基噻(methyclothiazide)、聚噻(polythiazide)、三氯甲基噻(trichlormethiazide)、氯噻酮(chlorthalidone)、吲達帕胺(indapamide)、美托拉宗(metolazone)、喹那黴素(quinethazone)、乙醯唑胺(acetazolamide)、雙氯非那胺(dichlorphenamide)、醋甲唑胺(methazolamide)、甘油、異山梨醇、甘露醇、阿米洛利(amiloride)或氨苯蝶啶(triamterene)。
脂質代謝調節劑係較佳理解為意指來自以下群組的化合物:CETP抑制劑、甲狀腺受體促效劑、膽固醇合成抑制劑,例如HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑或角鯊烯合成抑制劑、ACAT抑制劑、MTP抑制劑、PPAR-α、PPAR-γ及/或PPAR-δ促效劑、膽固醇吸收抑制劑、聚合膽汁酸吸附劑、膽汁酸再吸收抑制劑、脂肪酶抑制劑與脂蛋白(a)拮抗劑。
在本發明的較佳具體例中,根據本發明的調配物係和以下合併投予:CETP抑制劑,舉例且偏好的是,托徹普(torcetrapib)(CP-529 414)、JJT-705或CETP疫苗(Avant)。
在本發明的較佳具體例中,根據本發明的調配物係和以下合併投予:甲狀腺受體促效劑,例如,舉例來說且較佳地,D-甲狀腺素、3,5,3'-三碘基甲狀腺原胺酸(T3)、CGS 23425或愛米提(axitirome)(CGS 26214)。
在本發明的較佳具體例中,根據本發明的調配物係和以下合併投予:來自他汀類的HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑,舉例且偏好的是,洛伐他汀(lovastatin)、辛伐他汀(simvastatin)、普伐他汀(pravastatin)、氟伐他汀(fluvastatin)、阿托伐他汀(atorvastatin)、瑞舒伐他汀(rosuvastatin)或匹伐他汀(pitavastatin)。
在本發明的較佳具體例中,根據本發明的調配物係和以下合併投予:角鯊烯合成抑制劑,舉例且偏好的是,BMS-188494或TAK-475。
在本發明的較佳具體例中,根據本發明的調配物係和以下合併投予:ACAT抑制劑,舉例且偏好的是,阿伐麥布(avasimibe)、美利胺(melinamide)、帕替麥布(pactimibe)、愛氟麥布(eflucimibe)或SMP-797。
在本發明的較佳具體例中,根據本發明的調配物係和以下合併投予:MTP抑制劑,舉例且偏好的是,英普他派(implitapide)、BMS-201038、R-103757或JTT-130。
在本發明的較佳具體例中,根據本發明的調配物係和以下合併投予:PPAR-γ促效劑,舉例且偏好的是,吡格列酮(pioglitazone)或羅格列酮(rosiglitazone)。
在本發明的較佳具體例中,根據本發明的調配物係和以下合併投予: PPAR-δ促效劑,舉例且偏好的是,GW 501516或BAY 68-5042。
在本發明的較佳具體例中,根據本發明的調配物係和以下合併投予:膽固醇吸收抑制劑,舉例且偏好的是,依澤替米貝(ezetimibe)、替奎安(tiqueside)或帕馬苷(pamaqueside)。
在本發明的較佳具體例中,根據本發明的調配物係和以下合併投予:脂肪酶抑制劑,舉例且偏好的是,奧利司他(orlistat)。
在本發明的較佳具體例中,根據本發明的調配物係和以下合併投予:聚合膽汁酸吸附劑,舉例且偏好的是,消膽胺(cholestyramine)、考來替泊(colestipol)、考來索凡(colesolvam)、考來斯塔(CholestaGel)或考來替米(colestimide)。
在本發明的較佳具體例中,根據本發明的調配物係和以下合併投予:膽汁酸再吸收抑制劑,舉例且偏好的是,ASBT(=IBAT)抑制劑,舉例來說,AZD-7806、S-8921、AK-105、BARI-1741、SC-435或SC-635。
在本發明的較佳具體例中,根據本發明的調配物係和以下合併投予:脂蛋白(a)拮抗劑,舉例且偏好的是,沾卡平鈣(gemcabene calcium)(CI-1027)或菸鹼酸。
尤其偏好的是根據本發明的調配物和選自由下列所構成群組的一或多個另外活性成分之組合:呼吸刺激劑、精神興奮劑、血清素再吸收抑制劑、去甲腎上腺素能、血清素能與三環類抗抑鬱藥、sGC刺激劑、鹽皮質激素受體拮抗劑、抗炎性藥劑、免疫調節劑、免疫抑制劑與細胞毒性劑。
若有必要,根據本發明的調配物亦可連同使用一或多個醫療科技裝置或輔劑運用,前提是此不導致非所欲與不可接受的副作用。適用於此類合併應用的醫療裝置與輔劑為,舉例且偏好的是:˙正壓氣道通氣裝置,舉例且偏好的是,CPAP(持續性正壓氣道)裝置、BiPAP(雙向正壓氣道)裝置與IPPV(間歇性正壓通氣)裝置;˙下頜下神經的神經刺激劑;˙口腔內輔劑,舉例且偏好的是,突出牙套;˙鼻用拋棄式閥; ˙鼻用支架。
在一個具體例中,就鼻內投藥而言的劑量為每日約0.1μg至500μg。在一另外的具體例中,就鼻內投藥而言的劑量為每日約1μg至250μg。在一另外的具體例中,就鼻內投藥而言的劑量為每日約1μg至120μg。在一另外的具體例中,每日約0.1μg至500μg、或每日約1μg至250μg、或每日約1μg至120μg的藥量係一天一次在睡前以鼻內途徑投予。在一個具體例中,每日約0.1μg至500μg、或每日約1μg至250μg、或每日約1μg至120μg的藥量係一天一次以一半投予每個鼻孔。在一個具體例中,每日約0.1μg至500μg、或每日約1μg至250μg、或每日約1μg至120μg的藥量係一天一次在睡前以一半投予每個鼻孔。
儘管如此,在一些情況下,可能有必要的是,明確地說,以體重、投藥途徑、對活性成分的個別反應、製劑本質以及投藥發生的時間或區間的函數偏離所述之份量。於是,在一些情況下,低於前述最小量可能是足夠的,而在其他情況下,必須超過所提及之上限。在投予較大份量的情況下,將該等分為一天數份個別藥量可能是明智的。
縮寫清單
存在於根據本發明的調配物的TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道抑制劑的藥理活性已藉由PCT/EP2016/079973中的體外實驗證實。
根據本發明的調配物的藥理活性可藉由本領域技術人員已知的體內研究來證實。下文的應用實施例說明了本發明化合物的生物學作用,但本發明不限於該等實施例。
在用於阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症的豬模型中,調查了根據本發明的調配物的TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道抑制劑藉由負壓及上呼吸道的塌陷性對頦舌肌活化閾值的效應。
使用負壓,有可能引發已麻醉、自主呼吸的豬的上呼吸道的塌陷且於是阻塞[Wirth et al.,Sleep 36,699-708(2013)]。
德國藍瑞斯豬(German Landrace pigs)係用作模型。由於在人類,鼻軸在水平睡姿中處於幾乎垂直的位置,實驗中的豬被固定在坐姿(70度),其中鼻子朝上。在鼻部投藥後,調配物因此向下流過上呼吸道的所有區域。豬被麻醉和氣管切開。將各別一個插管插入氣管的前部與尾部。使用T型連接器,將頭端插管一方面連接到產生負壓的裝置,另一方面連接到尾管。使用T型連接器,將尾部插管連接到前側插管及連接至允許繞過上呼吸道的自主呼吸的管子。藉由適當地關閉和打開該管子,於是在上呼吸道被隔離並連接到用於產生負壓的裝置期間,豬有可能從正常的鼻呼吸改變成透過尾部插管的呼吸。藉由肌電圖(EMG)記錄頦舌肌的肌肉活性。
在某些時間點,藉由讓豬透過尾部插管呼吸並向上呼吸道施加-50、-100與-150mbar(相當於-50、-100與-150cm水柱(cm H2O))的負壓來測試上呼吸道的可塌陷性。此導致上呼吸道塌陷,其本身表現為氣流的中斷和管系 統的壓力降。此測試在投予測試物質之前和在投予測試物質之後的某些間隔進行。適當有效的測試物質可防止吸氣相中的氣道的此塌陷。
在從鼻部呼吸轉換到透過尾部套管呼吸之後,不可能測量麻醉豬的頦舌肌的任何EMG活性。作為進一步的測試,隨後測定EMG活性重新開始時的負壓。假使測試物質有效,此閾值係轉移至更正向的值。該測試同樣在投予測試物質之前以及投予測試物質之後的某些間隔進行。該測試物質係藉由鼻部途徑投予。
下文表格所顯示的結果是用表1列為實施例1、實施例3和實施例4的化合物進行。除另有指明外,該等數據是在上呼吸道上以-100mbar(對應於-100cm水柱(cm H2O))的負壓測量。
將表1列為實施例1、實施例3與實施例4的活性成分溶於下表2所列示的各式調配物中,並以每隻豬0μg、3μg、10μg、30μg或100μg的份量投予。該活性成分調配物或純載劑係各別用400μl體積的移液管投至各個鼻孔中。
表2的調配物視情況地額外包含濃度為0.02% w/v的丁基羥基茴香醚。
磷酸鹽緩衝液pH 7、0.063M係根據歐洲藥典8.7製備:將5.18g無水磷酸氫二鈉與3.65g磷酸二氫鈉單水合物溶於950mL水中,用磷酸調整pH,並將溶液補水至1000mL,或者,磷酸鹽緩衝液係使用磷酸氫二鈉二水合物與磷酸二氫鈉二水合物取代無水磷酸氫二鈉與磷酸二氫鈉單水合物來製備。為此目的,將6.49g磷酸氫二鈉二水合物與4.13g磷酸二氫鈉二水合物溶於950mL水中,用磷酸調整pH,並將溶液補水至1000mL。
在此豬模型中的作用持續時間被定義為在任何動物中沒有觀察到上呼吸道塌陷的時間[min],其係如同指明數量的動物的平均值。指明為“>" X min的作用持續時間表示實驗在X min終止,並且直到此時點,在任何動物中仍未觀察到上呼吸道的塌陷。
Claims (15)
- 一種用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,該調配物包含:治療有效量之至少一種TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑或其水合物、溶劑合物、多晶形物或代謝物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其於1%至100% w/v甘油中以及視情況地至少一種輔劑,其中該調配物具有4至8的pH。
- 根據請求項1之用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其中該視情況之至少一輔劑係選自由下列所構成之群組:至少一種pH調節劑、至少一種增溶劑、至少一種抗氧化劑、至少一種穩定劑、至少一種增稠劑、至少一種防腐劑、至少一種用於調整張力的物質、至少一種香氛、至少一種香料和至少一種染料。
- 根據請求項1或2之用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其中該視情況之至少一種pH調節劑係選自由下列所構成之群組:檸檬酸及其鹽、乙酸及其鹽、磷酸及其鹽、氫氯酸、羧酸、二羧酸、胺基酸、氧代羧酸、多元羧酸、氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、碳酸鈉與碳酸氫鈉。
- 根據請求項1至3中任一項之用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其中該視情況之至少一種增溶劑係選自由下列所構成之群組:乙醇、聚山梨酯20、聚氧乙烯(8)硬脂酸酯和聚山梨酯80。
- 根據請求項1至4中任一項之用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其中該視情況之至少一種抗氧化劑係選自由下列所構成之群組:檸檬酸、丁基羥基茴香醚、丁基羥基甲苯、EDTA與用氮氣吹掃。
- 根據請求項1至5中任一項之用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其中該視情況之至少一種防腐劑係選自由下列所構成之群組:C 8-C 18氯化烷、對羥基苯甲酸甲酯、對羥基苯甲酸丙酯、山梨酸、氯丁醇和苯扎氯銨(benzalkonium chloride)。
- 根據請求項1至6中任一項之用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其中該調配物包含2至50% w/v甘油、1至10% w/v增溶劑、至多97% w/v pH調節劑和視情況地至少一種另外的輔劑。
- 根據請求項1至7中任一項之用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其中該至少一種TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑係選自式(I)化合物,
- 根據請求項1至8中任一項之用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其中該至少一種TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑係選自(4-{[2-(4-氯苯基)咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基]甲基}哌 -1-基)(6-甲氧基吡啶-2-基)甲酮,(4-{[2-(4-溴苯基)咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基]甲基}哌 -1-基)(2-氟苯基)甲酮,(4-{[2-(4-溴苯基)咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基]甲基}哌 -1-基)(環戊基)甲酮,以及(4-{[2-(4-氯苯基)咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基]甲基}哌 -1-基)(環戊基)甲酮,以及其水合物、溶劑合物、多晶形物或代謝物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
- 根據請求項1至9中任一項之穩定醫藥調配物,其中該至少一種TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道的抑制劑為(4-{[2-(4-氯苯基)咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基]甲基}哌 -1-基)(6-甲氧基吡啶-2-基)甲酮或其水合物、溶劑合物、多晶形物或代謝物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
- 根據請求項1至9中任一項之用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其係用於治療及/或預防疾病。
- 根據請求項1至9中任一項之用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其係用於治療及/或預防呼吸道疾病、睡眠相關的呼吸道疾病、阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症、中樞性睡眠呼吸中止症、打鼾、心律不整、節律不齊、神經退化病症、神經炎性病症與神經免疫病症的方法。
- 根據請求項1至9中任一項之用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其係用於治療及/或預防呼吸道疾病、睡眠相關的呼吸道疾病、阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症、中樞性睡眠呼吸中止症、打鼾、心律不整、節律不齊、神經退化病症、神經炎性病症與神經免疫病症的方法,其中該鼻部或咽部投藥係藉助於鼻腔或咽部投藥是藉由鼻部噴劑、鼻部滴劑、鼻部溶液、粉末吸入器、霧化器、計量氣霧劑或半固體凝膠。
- 根據請求項1至9中任一項之用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其係用於治療及/或預防呼吸道疾病、睡眠相關的呼吸道疾病、阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症、中樞性睡眠呼吸中止症、打鼾、心律不整、節律不齊、 神經退化病症、神經炎性病症與神經免疫病症的方法,其中該作用持續時間為至少4小時。
- 根據請求項1至9中任一項之用於鼻部或咽部投藥的穩定醫藥調配物,其係用於治療及/或預防阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症或打鼾的方法,該調配物包含:治療有效量之TASK-1及/或TASK-3通道抑制劑4-{[2-(4-氯苯基)咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基]甲基}哌 -1-基)(6-甲氧基吡啶-2-基)甲酮或其水合物、溶劑合物、多晶形物或代謝物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其於2%至5% w/v甘油中以及1至10% w/v聚山梨酯80與具有7之pH的至多97% w/v磷酸鹽緩衝液,和視情況地至少一另外的輔劑,其中在鼻部或咽部投藥之後,該穩定醫藥調配物的該作用持續時間為至少5小時。
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EP16205688.1A EP3338764A1 (de) | 2016-12-21 | 2016-12-21 | Pharmazeutische darreichungsformen enthaltend inhibitoren von task-1 und task-3 kanälen und deren verwendung für die therapie von atemstörungen |
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KR20180088462A (ko) | 2015-12-10 | 2018-08-03 | 바이엘 파마 악티엔게젤샤프트 | 수면-관련 호흡기 장애의 치료를 위한 TASK-1 및 TASK-2 채널의 차단제로서의 2-페닐-3-(피페라지노메틸)이미다조[1,2-a]피리딘 유도체 |
TWI795381B (zh) | 2016-12-21 | 2023-03-11 | 比利時商健生藥品公司 | 作為malt1抑制劑之吡唑衍生物 |
JOP20190284A1 (ar) | 2017-06-14 | 2019-12-11 | Bayer Pharma AG | مركبات إيميدازوبيريميدين مستبدلة بديازا ثنائي الحلقة واستخدامها للمعالجة من اضطرابات التنفس |
JP7296408B2 (ja) | 2018-06-18 | 2023-06-22 | ヤンセン ファーマシューティカ エヌ.ベー. | Malt1阻害剤としてのピラゾール誘導体 |
EA202191480A1 (ru) * | 2018-11-27 | 2021-08-27 | Байер Акциенгезельшафт | Способ получения фармацевтических лекарственных форм, содержащих ингибиторы task-1- и task-3-каналов, и их применение для терапии нарушений дыхания |
KR102637904B1 (ko) * | 2020-07-01 | 2024-02-19 | 주식회사 뉴캔서큐어바이오 | 3-케토아실 CoA 타이올레이스 억제제 및 카르니틴 아실카르니틴 운반자 억제제를 포함하는 암 예방 또는 치료용 약학적 조성물 |
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DE19834047A1 (de) | 1998-07-29 | 2000-02-03 | Bayer Ag | Substituierte Pyrazolderivate |
DE19834044A1 (de) | 1998-07-29 | 2000-02-03 | Bayer Ag | Neue substituierte Pyrazolderivate |
US6080783A (en) * | 1998-09-01 | 2000-06-27 | Gum Tech International, Inc. | Method and composition for delivering zinc to the nasal membrane |
DE19943639A1 (de) | 1999-09-13 | 2001-03-15 | Bayer Ag | Dicarbonsäurederivate mit neuartigen pharmazeutischen Eigenschaften |
DE19943636A1 (de) | 1999-09-13 | 2001-03-15 | Bayer Ag | Neuartige Dicarbonsäurederivate mit pharmazeutischen Eigenschaften |
DE19943634A1 (de) | 1999-09-13 | 2001-04-12 | Bayer Ag | Neuartige Dicarbonsäurederivate mit pharmazeutischen Eigenschaften |
DE19943635A1 (de) | 1999-09-13 | 2001-03-15 | Bayer Ag | Neuartige Aminodicarbonsäurederivate mit pharmazeutischen Eigenschaften |
AR031176A1 (es) | 2000-11-22 | 2003-09-10 | Bayer Ag | Nuevos derivados de pirazolpiridina sustituidos con piridina |
DE10110750A1 (de) | 2001-03-07 | 2002-09-12 | Bayer Ag | Neuartige Aminodicarbonsäurederivate mit pharmazeutischen Eigenschaften |
DE10110749A1 (de) | 2001-03-07 | 2002-09-12 | Bayer Ag | Substituierte Aminodicarbonsäurederivate |
DE10220570A1 (de) | 2002-05-08 | 2003-11-20 | Bayer Ag | Carbamat-substituierte Pyrazolopyridine |
CN101636154B (zh) * | 2006-04-27 | 2011-12-14 | 塞诺菲-安万特德国有限公司 | Task-1和task-3离子通道抑制剂 |
DE102010021637A1 (de) | 2010-05-26 | 2011-12-01 | Bayer Schering Pharma Aktiengesellschaft | Substituierte 5-Fluor-1H-Pyrazolopyridine und ihre Verwendung |
PE20130779A1 (es) | 2010-07-09 | 2013-06-21 | Bayer Ip Gmbh | Pirimidinas y triazinas condensadas y su uso |
US9132243B2 (en) | 2010-07-23 | 2015-09-15 | Tannermedico A/S | Method of administering a substance to the throat |
DE102010040233A1 (de) | 2010-09-03 | 2012-03-08 | Bayer Schering Pharma Aktiengesellschaft | Bicyclische Aza-Heterocyclen und ihre Verwendung |
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PE20191240A1 (es) | 2019-09-16 |
EP3558380A1 (de) | 2019-10-30 |
WO2018114501A1 (de) | 2018-06-28 |
JOP20190148A1 (ar) | 2019-06-18 |
UY37541A (es) | 2018-07-31 |
JP2020502215A (ja) | 2020-01-23 |
ECSP19044577A (es) | 2019-06-30 |
MX2019007619A (es) | 2019-09-06 |
CL2019001726A1 (es) | 2019-11-29 |
MA47074A (fr) | 2021-04-14 |
CU20190063A7 (es) | 2020-02-04 |
AU2017379245A1 (en) | 2019-07-11 |
BR112019012836A2 (pt) | 2019-12-17 |
DOP2019000172A (es) | 2019-07-15 |
US20200093737A1 (en) | 2020-03-26 |
CA3047426A1 (en) | 2018-06-28 |
IL267503A (en) | 2019-08-29 |
CR20190299A (es) | 2019-09-04 |
KR20190099245A (ko) | 2019-08-26 |
CO2019006642A2 (es) | 2019-09-18 |
CN110290809A (zh) | 2019-09-27 |
PH12019501458A1 (en) | 2020-06-01 |
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