TW201829857A - 鑽石成膜用基底基板、以及使用其之鑽石基板的製造方法 - Google Patents

鑽石成膜用基底基板、以及使用其之鑽石基板的製造方法 Download PDF

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TW201829857A
TW201829857A TW107103729A TW107103729A TW201829857A TW 201829857 A TW201829857 A TW 201829857A TW 107103729 A TW107103729 A TW 107103729A TW 107103729 A TW107103729 A TW 107103729A TW 201829857 A TW201829857 A TW 201829857A
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diamond
film
substrate
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野口仁
牧野俊晴
小倉政彥
加藤宙光
川島宏幸
山崎聰
德田規夫
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日商信越化學工業股份有限公司
國立研究開發法人產業技術總合研究所
國立大學法人金澤大學
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Abstract

本發明之目的在於提供一種鑽石基板的製造方法以及用於該方法的基底基板,其對於減低包含差排缺陷等的各種缺陷是有效的。 上述基底基板是用於利用化學氣相沉積法來成膜鑽石膜之基底基板,其特徵在於:前述基底基板的表面,相對於規定的晶面方位附有偏離角。

Description

鑽石成膜用基底基板、以及使用其之鑽石基板的製造方法
本發明關於一種鑽石基板的製造方法,特別關於一種用於該方法的基底基板。
鑽石在室溫具備5.47eV這樣的寬廣能隙而作為寬能隙(wide band-gap)半導體廣為人知。 在半導體中,鑽石的介電崩潰(dielectric breakdown)電場強度是10MV/cm這樣極高,於是可實行高電壓運作。 又,作為已知的物質,具有最高的熱傳導率,故就散熱性而言也優良。 進一步,載子遷移率和飽和漂移速度極大,因此適合作為高速元件。 因此,就鑽石而言,即便與碳化矽和氮化鎵這樣的半導體相比,用以表示作為高頻和高功率元件的性能之強生性能指數(Johnson’s figure of merit,JFOM)也會顯示最高的數值,可以說是終極的半導體。 如此,鑽石作為半導體材料的實用化備受期待,而期望供給大面積且高品質的鑽石基板。 然而,現在還無法獲得品質充分的鑽石基板。
目前,在用作為鑽石基板的鑽石當中,有藉由高溫高壓合成(HPHT)法合成的Ib型鑽石。 然而,此Ib型鑽石包含大量的氮雜質,而且最大只能獲得8mm左右的大小,因此實用性不高。 在非專利文獻1中,使用藉由HPHT法合成的鑽石作為基板而製作了肖特基二極體(Schottky diode)。 然而,報告指出,在此處的鑽石基板中,差排缺陷等較多,即便實際形成電極並嘗試操作,但因為在電極附近和電流路徑等處存在致命缺陷(killer defect),故還是會成為運作不良。
在非專利文獻2中,主要報告了藉由在HPHT基板上同質磊晶成長鑽石時附加3°以上的偏離角(off angle),則能夠抑制異常成長核,然而,對於降低差排缺陷是否有效卻不明。 [先前技術文獻] (非專利文獻)
非專利文獻1:H.Umezawa et al.,Diamond Relat.Mater.,18,1196(2009) 非專利文獻2:S.Ohmagari,NEW DIAMOND118(2015)11.
[發明所欲解決的問題] 本發明之目的在於提供一種鑽石基板的製造方法以及用於該方法的基底基板,其對於減低包含差排缺陷等的各種缺陷有效。
[用於解決問題的技術手段] 本發明的鑽石成膜用基底基板,是用於利用化學氣相沉積法來成膜鑽石膜的基底基板,該鑽石成膜用基底基板的特徵在於:前述基底基板的表面,相對於規定的晶面方位附有偏離角。 此處,前述基底基板的表面,其相對於晶面方位{100},可在晶軸方向<110>附有偏離角。 又,前述基底基板的表面,其相對於晶面方位{111},可在晶軸方向<-1-1 2>附有偏離角。
在本發明中,偏離角較佳是在2~15°的範圍內。 例如,在上述相對於晶面方位{100},在晶軸方向<110>附加偏離角的情況下,在該晶軸方向<110>具有2~15°的偏離角。 又,在此情況下,偏離方向的偏差(繞著與晶面正交的軸的偏差)較佳是在±15°以內。
用於本發明的基底基板,其是用於藉由化學氣相沉積法來成膜鑽石膜(鑽石基板)的基底基板,只要在基底的表面附有偏離角,則前述基底基板的表面是鑽石、銥、銠、鈀及鉑中的任一種皆可。 此處,在基底基板的鑽石中,也包含藉由HPHT法合成的鑽石。 若基底基板的表面是在鑽石中附有偏離角,則會成為同質磊晶成長,若基底基板的表面是鑽石以外的材料,則會成為異質磊晶成長。 作為構成基底表面的異種材料,較佳是與鑽石同樣是立方晶,且與鑽石的晶格不匹配小,進一步,不會與碳反應形成碳化物的材料。 作為滿足這些條件的材料,主要能夠舉出銠(Rh)、鈀(Pd)、銥(Ir)、鉑(Pt)等鉑族。 此處,鑽石的晶格常數是3.57Å,與Rh(晶格常數3.72Å)的晶格不匹配是4.2%,與Ir(晶格常數3.84Å)的晶格不匹配是7.6%,與Pt(晶格常數3.92Å)的晶格不匹配是9.8%。 鑽石與構成基底表面的異種材料之間的晶格不匹配,較佳是10%以下。 又,其中,由熔點最高以及在鑽石成長時的電漿和高溫環境下的穩定性的觀點來看,較佳是Ir。
在本發明中,前述基底基板可以是將形成前述表面之表面膜加以積層而成的多層結構。 例如,前述多層結構可在MgO基板上形成有表面膜。 又,例如,前述多層結構可在矽基板上形成由單層或多層構成的中間膜,並在該中間膜上形成有上述表面膜。 在此情況下,可在成膜為多層結構的過程中,於任一層附加偏離角,而使表面膜形成有偏離角。
例如,作為實例,能夠舉出一種基底基板,其在矽(Si)基板上設置有由選自單晶氧化鎂(MgO)、單晶鈦酸鍶(SrTiO3 )、α-(Al2 O3 )、釔安定氧化鋯(YSZ)之材料所構成的中間層,進一步,在此中間層上,設置有由選自銥(Ir)、銠(Rh)、鉑(Pt)之材料所構成的表層。 又,在矽(Si)基板與中間層之間,可隔著一層以上的由選自金(Au)、鉑(Pt)、鈦(Ti)、鉻(Cr)、銥(Ir)、銠(Rh)、矽(Si)、氧化矽(SiO2 )之材料所構成的層。 在基底基板的表面上異質磊晶成長鑽石膜的情況下,依據需求,可在表面膜上藉由偏壓處理來形成鑽石的晶核。
本發明的化學氣相沉積法,作為實例,能夠舉出微波電漿化學氣相沉積(microwave plasma CVD)、直流電漿化學氣相沉積(DC plasma CVD)、熱燈絲化學氣相沉積(hot-filament CVD)、電弧放電電漿射流化學氣相沉積(arc discharge plasma jet CVD)等。
[發明的功效] 若使用本發明的基底基板,則能夠利用化學氣相沉積法來獲得一種突起(hillock)、異常成長粒子、差排缺陷等少且低應力又高品質的鑽石膜。 又,藉由在成膜鑽石膜後,移除基底基板,能夠獲得一種高品質的鑽石自立式基板。 若將本發明的鑽石基板用於電子和磁性元件,則能夠獲得一種高性能元件。
基底基板的剖面如第1圖所示,首先,準備經過雙面研磨的單晶矽(Si)基板3,其直徑10.0mm、厚度1.0mm、表面是(100)面,並且,在晶軸[011]方向上,偏離角是0°,除此之外,準備偏離角成為4°和8°的單晶矽基板。 在所準備的單晶矽基板3的單面上,藉由電子束蒸鍍來形成由單晶MgO所構成的中間膜2。 此時,將條件設為真空中且基板溫度900℃來磊晶成長單晶MgO(中間膜)至成為1μm為止。 進一步,在此由單晶MgO所構成的中間膜上,形成由Ir所構成的表面膜1。 在Ir表面膜1的形成中,使用高頻磁控濺鍍法(RF magnetron sputtering)(13.56MHz),其將直徑6吋(150mm)、厚度5.0mm、純度99.9%以上的Ir作為靶材。 將形成有單晶MgO層之基板加熱至800℃,並確認基礎壓力(base pressure)已成為6×10-7 Torr(約8.0×10-5 Pa)以下後,導入Ar氣體10sccm。 調節連通至排氣系統的閥的開口度來使壓力成為5×10-2 Torr(約6.7Pa)後,輸入RF電力1000W來進行15分鐘的成膜。 所獲得的Ir層,其厚度是0.7μm。 這樣獲得的在單晶矽基板上積層有單晶MgO層、Ir層的基板,其成為在單晶矽基板附有偏離角,且為異質磊晶成長,故此在矽基板中具有偏離角者,其表面是(100)面且在晶軸[011]方向具有4°和8°的偏離角。 並且,偏離角可在最初的矽基板或形成在其上的中間膜等任何階段形成。 例如,可在無偏離角的狀態下將基底基板表面作修整(finishing)處理後,藉由研磨等來製作如第3圖示意性顯示的基板,其最終在晶軸[011]方向附加了4°和8°的偏離角。 隨後,為了形成鑽石晶核,進行預處理(偏壓處理)。 將Ir層側設成在上方來將基底基板安置在直徑15mm的平板型電極上。 確認基礎壓力已成為1×10-6 Torr(約1.3×10-4 Pa)以下後,將氫稀釋甲烷(CH4 /(CH4 +H2 )=5.0vol.%)導入500sccm。 調整連通至排氣系統的閥的開口度來使壓力成為100Torr(約1.3×104 Pa)後,對基板側電極施加負電壓並曝露於電漿中90秒來偏壓處理基底表面。
在利用上述所製作的偏離角0°、4°、8°的各個基底基板上,藉由直流電漿CVD法來異質磊晶成長鑽石10。 將已進行偏壓處理的基底基板安置於直流電漿CVD裝置的腔室內,並利用旋轉泵(rotary pump)排氣至10-3 Torr(約1.3×10-1 Pa)以下的基礎壓力為止後,將原料氣體也就是氫稀釋甲烷(CH4 /(CH4 +H2 )=5.0vol.%)導入1000sccm。 調節連通至排氣系統的閥的開口度來使腔室內的壓力成為110Torr(約1.5×104 Pa)後,流通2.0A的直流電流來進行成膜。 將成膜中的基底基板的溫度利用高溫計(pyrometer)測定的結果是950℃。
將所獲得的鑽石膜作X射線繞射測定(入射X射線波長1.54Å)的結果,歸屬於鑽石(004)的位於2θ=119.5°的繞射強度峰,其搖擺曲線(rocking curve)半值寬度是720arcsec(約0.2°)。
利用上述所獲得的鑽石膜,其藉由光學顯微鏡所得的觀察照片顯示於第4圖。 偏離角0°的第4(a)圖,其產生大量的突起,相較於此,偏離角4°、偏離角8°的基板,則如第4(b)圖、第4(c)圖所示,顯示在一方向上階梯狀推移而成的階褶(step bunching)形態,並未辨識到產生突起、異常成長粒子。
隨後,針對蝕刻孔密度作評估。 使用微波電漿CVD裝置(Astex Model AX6350),在2200W、氫氣500sccm、110Torr的條件下,將鑽石膜的表面作電漿處理1小時。 將利用上述處理後的表面作SEM觀察的結果顯示於第6圖。 偏離角0°的第6(a)圖,其蝕刻孔密度(EPD)是1×108 cm-2 ,偏離角4°的第6(b)圖,其EPD是5×107 cm-2 ,偏離角8°的EPD是3×107 cm-2 。 第5圖顯示調查鑽石膜的膜厚與EPD的關係所得的結果之圖表。 可知藉由在基底基板的表面附加偏離角,能夠抑制突起、異常成長粒子的產生,並且,能夠減少差排缺陷(EPD)。 特別是,在偏離角0°時,突起、異常成長粒子會大量產生,而無法作成厚膜,相較於此,在偏離角8°時,能夠將膜厚約1mm的厚膜中的EPD減少至二位數程度。
如第2圖所示,在單晶MgO、YSZ、SrTiO3 、α-氧化鋁(Al2 O3 )的基板3a的表面附加偏離角,並且,作為表面膜,可形成Rh、Pd、Ir、Pt之表面膜1。 在已附加偏離角的MgO基板上,與上述實施例同樣地形成由Ir層所構成的表面膜,並在其上形成鑽石膜的結果,能夠確認利用附加偏離角,差排缺陷會減少。
1‧‧‧表面膜
2‧‧‧中間膜
3、3a‧‧‧基板
10‧‧‧鑽石
第1圖表示基底基板的結構例(1)。 第2圖表示基底基板的結構例(2)。 第3圖表示偏離角的說明圖。 第4圖表示鑽石的表面照片。 第5圖表示蝕刻孔(etch pit)的評估結果。 第6圖表示蝕刻孔的掃描式電子顯微鏡(scanning electron microscope,SEM)影像。
國內寄存資訊 (請依寄存機構、日期、號碼順序註記) 無
國外寄存資訊 (請依寄存國家、機構、日期、號碼順序註記) 無

Claims (10)

  1. 一種鑽石成膜用基底基板,是用於利用化學氣相沉積法來成膜鑽石膜的基底基板,該鑽石成膜用基底基板的特徵在於: 前述基底基板的表面,相對於規定的晶面方位附有偏離角。
  2. 如請求項1所述的鑽石成膜用基底基板,其中,前述基底基板的表面,其相對於晶面方位{100},在晶軸方向<110>附有偏離角。
  3. 如請求項1所述的鑽石成膜用基底基板,其中,前述基底基板的表面,其相對於晶面方位{111},在晶軸方向<-1-1 2>附有偏離角。
  4. 如請求項1~3中任一項所述的鑽石成膜用基底基板,其中,前述偏離角在2~15°的範圍內。
  5. 如請求項1~3中任一項所述的鑽石成膜用基底基板,其中,前述基底基板的表面是鑽石、銥、銠、鈀及鉑中的任一種。
  6. 如請求項1~3中任一項所述的鑽石成膜用基底基板,其中,前述基底基板是將形成前述表面之表面膜加以積層而成的多層結構。
  7. 如請求項6所述的鑽石成膜用基底基板,其中,前述多層結構在MgO基板上形成有表面膜。
  8. 如請求項6所述的鑽石成膜用基底基板,其中,前述多層結構在矽基板上形成有由單層或多層構成的中間膜,並在該中間膜上形成有表面膜。
  9. 一種鑽石基板的製造方法,其特徵在於:在請求項1~3中任一項所述的鑽石成膜用基底基板上,同質磊晶成長或異質磊晶成長鑽石。
  10. 一種鑽石基板的製造方法,其特徵在於:在基底基板上同質磊晶成長或異質磊晶成長鑽石,該基底基板是請求項6所述的鑽石成膜用基底基板,並且,該基底基板在成膜為多層結構的過程中,於任一層附加偏離角,而使表面膜形成有偏離角。
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