TW201823479A - 複合材料 - Google Patents

複合材料 Download PDF

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TW201823479A
TW201823479A TW105142822A TW105142822A TW201823479A TW 201823479 A TW201823479 A TW 201823479A TW 105142822 A TW105142822 A TW 105142822A TW 105142822 A TW105142822 A TW 105142822A TW 201823479 A TW201823479 A TW 201823479A
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refractory metal
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陳瑞凱
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國立清華大學
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Abstract

一種複合材料，其組成係為至少一種主要的強化相化合物與一種主要的耐火金屬膠結相，其中該強化相化合物之成分係能夠為一種硼化物或是一種硼化物與一種或一種以上的碳化物混合，且於製程中更以非等莫耳比進行熔煉取得複合材料，故能夠製造出具備高硬度、高熔點和高韌性的複合材料。

Description

複合材料
本發明是有關一種複合材料，特別是一種能夠選擇適當的至少一種主要的強化相化合物與一種主要的耐火金屬膠結相合，並於製程中更以非等莫耳比進行熔煉製成一種具有之高硬度與高韌性之複合材料。
Cemented carbides為膠結碳化物，是一種由WC與Co組成的複合材料。十九世紀初，Henri Moissan人造合成碳化鎢(WC)。碳化鎢硬度高，原欲作為鑽石的替代材料，卻因存在易脆及孔洞等缺點，而不便用於工程上。1923年Schröter 和Baumhauer發現碳化鎢與鈷或鎳，經燒結製程後，可同時保有陶瓷材料的硬度，以及金屬的韌性，這對模具工業，造成巨大影響，材料並廣泛應用在切削工具、礦產採掘、與軍事武器的部分零件上。原料鎢約有60 %用在膠結碳化物的生產上。1930年使用需求量為十公噸，2008年使用需求量則達五萬公噸，78年內成長了5000倍。
膠結碳化物由兩部份組成，一為強化相、另一為膠結相。如上述所提的碳化鎢WC扮演著強化相的角色，擁有高熔點、高韌性、以及良好抗磨耗等特性，而鈷則為膠結相，擁有金屬良好的導電、導熱性之外，還有提供最重要的特性--韌度，使複材不易脆裂。近年的研究，大多以WC 與 Co系統硬質金屬為基礎，將強化相衍生出TiC與TaC等，膠結相衍生出Mo, Ni與Fe等，並通稱這些材料為「瓷金複材」(Cermet composites)；傳統Hard metals硬質金屬，包含瓷金複材，主要生產製程為燒結法，並且將膠結相進行「少量」之多元添加；
然而上述成份結合製成的複合材料，由於具有很多可能性，但並非是強化相材料與膠結相材料結合後皆能夠產生出具有之高硬度與高韌性之複合材料，因此，若能夠找出能夠搭配之特定強化相材料與特定膠結相材料、並於搭配結合後能夠產生出具有之高硬度與高韌性之複合材料，如此應為一最佳解決方案。
本發明係關於一種複合材料，該複合材料的組成係為一種的主要的強化相化合物與一種的主要的耐火金屬膠結相，該主要的強化相化合物係能夠為硼化物，其中該主要的強化相化合物之添加量之莫耳百分比與該主要的耐火金屬膠結相之添加量之莫耳百分比係為不相同。
更具體的說，所述主要的耐火金屬膠結相係選自於鈮、鉭、鉬、鎢。
更具體的說，所述硼化物係選自於TiB2 、ZrB2 。
一種複合材料，該複合材料的組成係為至少兩種的主要的強化相化合物與一種的主要的耐火金屬膠結相，該主要的強化相化合物係能夠為一種硼化物與一種或一種以上的碳化物混合，其中該主要的強化相化合物內的任兩個化合物成分之添加量係以非等莫耳百分比與該耐火金屬膠結相進行熔煉取得複合材料。
更具體的說，所述主要的耐火金屬膠結相係選自於鈮、鉭、鉬、鎢。
更具體的說，所述硼化物係選自於TiB2 、ZrB2 。
更具體的說，所述碳化物係選自於TiC、VC、ZrC、HfC、WC、NbC、TaC。
有關於本發明其他技術內容、特點與功效，在以下配合參考圖式之較佳實施例的詳細說明中，將可清楚的呈現。
由於本發明重點在於選擇適當的主要的強化相化合物(一種硼化物或是一種硼化物與一種或一種以上的碳化物混合)與一元的主要的耐火金屬膠結相，以製造出具備高硬度和高韌性的複材。而本發明主要的強化相化合物與主要的耐火金屬膠結相搭配的模式，能夠且經由搭配、並透過燒結或是熔煉皆能夠製出高硬度和高韌性的複材；
雖然使用燒結法所製成之產物仍保有較高的低溫硬度與低溫強度，但燒結法製程細膩複雜，且製成之產物韌性較差等問題，故雖然亦能夠使用燒結法來對主要的強化相化合物與主要的耐火金屬膠結相進行製備，但若是使用熔煉法的話，會是較燒結法相對簡單快速，且使用熔煉法所得的產品的金相微結構，就是典型的樹枝相與樹枝間相結構，其孔隙度為零，而韌性好，因此本發明使用熔煉法進行製備說明，但若是本發明之配方使用燒結法，亦能夠製出具有高硬度和高韌性的複材；
如第1圖所示，若是使用熔煉法，方式如下： (1) 採用真空電弧熔煉爐來煉製合金，必須先秤取主要的強化相化合物粉末與金屬塊狀原料之重量，並置於一水冷銅模內101； (2) 蓋上上爐蓋並抽真空至2.4 x 10-2 torr後，通入純氬氣至8.3 torr左右，再抽真空，反覆此淨化(purge)的過程共三次後再進行熔煉102；以及 (3) 熔煉電流為550安培，熔煉完後待其完全冷卻，再將合金塊翻面進行熔煉，總共會反覆達五次以上，確保所有瓷金元素皆在試片中均勻混合，最後在完全冷卻後破除真空並取出鑄錠，此為鑄造態試片103。
而本發明第一種複合材料的組成是將一種的主要的強化相化合物與一種的主要的耐火金屬膠結相，該主要的強化相化合物係能夠為硼化物，其中該主要的強化相化合物之添加量之莫耳百分比與該主要的耐火金屬膠結相之添加量之莫耳百分比係為不相同，而成分說明如下： (1) 耐火金屬膠結相係選自於鈮、鉭、鉬、鎢； (2) 強化相化合物硼化物係選自於TiB2 、ZrB2 。
再由第2A圖可知，使用的硼化物係為TiB2 (代號為TB)與ZrB2 (代號為ZB)，使用的主要的耐火金屬係為鈮(Nb)、鉭(Ta)、鉬(Mo)與鎢(W)，由圖中可知，這是一元的硼化物(主要的強化相化合物)與一元的主要的耐火金屬(主要的耐火金屬膠結相)結合後所產生的複合材料，而該硼化物與耐火金屬之添加量的莫耳百分比不同；
再由第2B圖可知，為一元的硼化物(主要的強化相化合物)與一元的主要的耐火金屬(主要的耐火金屬膠結相)結合後所量測之硬度值(HV)與韌性(KIC )。
而本發明第二種複合材料的組成是將兩種以上的主要的強化相化合物與一種的主要的耐火金屬膠結相，該主要的強化相化合物係能夠為一種硼化物與一種或一種以上的碳化物混合，其中該主要的強化相化合物之添加量之莫耳百分比與該主要的耐火金屬膠結相之添加量之莫耳百分比係為不相同，且該主要的強化相化合物內係具有至少兩個添加量為非等莫耳百分比的不同化合物，而成分說明如下： (1) 耐火金屬膠結相係選自於鈮、鉭、鉬、鎢； (2) 強化相化合物之硼化物係選自於TiB2 、ZrB2 。 (3) 強化相化合物之碳化物係選自於TiC、VC、ZrC、HfC、WC、NbC、TaC。
再由第3A圖可知，使用的碳化物係為NbC (代號為N)與TaC (代號為T)，使用的主要的耐火金屬係為鎢(W)，由圖中可知，這是兩元具有非等莫耳百分比添加量的碳化物(主要的強化相化合物)與一元的主要的耐火金屬(主要的耐火金屬膠結相)結合後所產生的複合材料，而該強化相化合物內係具有至少兩個添加量為非等莫耳百分比的不同碳化物；
再由第3B圖可知，為二元的碳化物(主要的強化相化合物)與一元的主要的耐火金屬(主要的耐火金屬膠結相)結合後所量測之硬度值(HV)與韌性(KIC )。
再由第4A圖可知，使用的碳化物係為TiC、VC、WC、NbC、TaC，使用的主要的耐火金屬係為鎢(W)，由圖中可知，這是三元以上的化合物(主要的強化相化合物)與一元的主要的耐火金屬(主要的耐火金屬膠結相)結合後所產生的複合材料，而該強化相化合物內係具有至少兩個添加量為非等莫耳百分比的不同碳化物；
再由第4B圖可知，為至少三元的碳化物(主要的強化相化合物)與一元的主要的耐火金屬(主要的耐火金屬膠結相)結合後所量測之硬度值(HV)與韌性(KIC )。
再由第5A圖可知，使用的碳化物係為TiC、TaC，使用的硼化物係為TiB2 、ZrB2 ，使用的主要的耐火金屬係為鎢(W)、鉬(Mo)，由圖中可知，這是三元的化合物(主要的強化相化合物)與一元的主要的耐火金屬(主要的耐火金屬膠結相)結合後所產生的複合材料，其中該三元的化合物係包含兩種碳化物及一種的硼化物，而該強化相化合物內係具有至少兩個添加量為非等莫耳百分比的不同化合物成分；
再由第5B圖可知，為至少三元的化化物(主要的強化相化合物)與一元的主要的耐火金屬(主要的耐火金屬膠結相)結合後所量測之硬度值(HV)與韌性(KIC )。
本發明所提供之複合材料，與其他習用技術相互比較時，其優點如下： 1. 本發明係能夠選擇適當的至少一種的主要的強化相化合物與一種的主要的耐火金屬膠結相合，並於製程中更以非等莫耳比進行熔煉製成一種具有之高硬度與高韌性之複合材料。 2. 本發明之複合材料與以往燒結瓷金複材比較之下，除了具有高硬度與高韌性之特點之外，更於製程中，使強化相化合物與耐火金屬膠結相之添加量以非等莫耳比為條件製成該複合材料，因此本發明之複合材料確是一個與習用技術不同的創新型複合材料。 3. 本發明之複合材料與以往燒結瓷金複材比較之下，除了具有高硬度與高韌性之特點之外，更於製程中，使強化相化合物內的任兩個化合物之添加量以非等莫耳比為條件製成該複合材料，因此本發明之複合材料確是一個與習用技術不同的創新型複合材料。
本發明已透過上述之實施例揭露如上，然其並非用以限定本發明，任何熟悉此一技術領域具有通常知識者，在瞭解本發明前述的技術特徵及實施例，並在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內，當可作些許之更動與潤飾，因此本發明之專利保護範圍須視本說明書所附之請求項所界定者為準。
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[第1圖]係本發明複合材料之製備流程示意圖。 [第2A圖]係本發明複合材料之第一實施之瓷金代號與瓷金組成示意圖。 [第2B圖]係本發明複合材料之第一實施之機械性質測試結果圖。 [第3A圖]係本發明複合材料之第二實施之瓷金代號與瓷金組成示意圖。 [第3B圖]係本發明複合材料之第二實施之機械性質測試結果圖。 [第4A圖]係本發明複合材料之第三實施之瓷金代號與瓷金組成示意圖。 [第4B圖]係本發明複合材料之第三實施之機械性質測試結果圖。 [第5A圖]係本發明複合材料之第四實施之瓷金代號與瓷金組成示意圖。 [第5B圖]係本發明複合材料之第四實施之機械性質測試結果圖。

Claims (7)

  1. 一種複合材料，該複合材料的組成係為一種的主要的強化相化合物與一種的主要的耐火金屬膠結相，該主要的強化相化合物係能夠為硼化物，其中該主要的強化相化合物之添加量之莫耳百分比與該主要的耐火金屬膠結相之添加量之莫耳百分比係為不相同。
  2. 如請求項1所述之複合材料，其中主要的耐火金屬膠結相係選自於鈮、鉭、鉬、鎢。
  3. 如請求項1所述之複合材料，其中硼化物係選自於TiB2 、ZrB2 。
  4. 一種複合材料，該複合材料的組成係為至少兩種的主要的強化相化合物與一種的主要的耐火金屬膠結相，該主要的強化相化合物係能夠為一種硼化物與一種或一種以上的碳化物混合，其中該主要的強化相化合物內的任兩個化合物成分之添加量係以非等莫耳百分比與該耐火金屬膠結相進行熔煉取得複合材料。
  5. 如請求項4所述之複合材料，其中主要的耐火金屬膠結相係選自於鈮、鉭、鉬、鎢。
  6. 如請求項4所述之複合材料，其中硼化物係選自於TiB2 、ZrB2 。
  7. 如請求項4所述之複合材料，其中碳化物係選自於TiC、VC、ZrC、HfC、WC、NbC、TaC。
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