TW201823359A - 一種無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物及其製成的預浸料和覆銅箔層壓板 - Google Patents

一種無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物及其製成的預浸料和覆銅箔層壓板 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
TW201823359A
TW201823359A TW106116373A TW106116373A TW201823359A TW 201823359 A TW201823359 A TW 201823359A TW 106116373 A TW106116373 A TW 106116373A TW 106116373 A TW106116373 A TW 106116373A TW 201823359 A TW201823359 A TW 201823359A
Authority
TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
resin composition
halogen
parts
weight
free flame
Prior art date
Application number
TW106116373A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
TWI632196B (zh
Inventor
奚龍
李江
許永靜
Original Assignee
廣東生益科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 廣東生益科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 廣東生益科技股份有限公司
Publication of TW201823359A publication Critical patent/TW201823359A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of TWI632196B publication Critical patent/TWI632196B/zh

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022Non-woven fabric
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L63/00Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L79/00Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
    • C08L79/04Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B32B15/092Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising epoxy resins
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/14Layered products comprising a layer of metal next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/20Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/18Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/024Woven fabric
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G59/00Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
    • C08G59/18Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
    • C08G59/20Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the epoxy compounds used
    • C08G59/22Di-epoxy compounds
    • C08G59/24Di-epoxy compounds carbocyclic
    • C08G59/245Di-epoxy compounds carbocyclic aromatic
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G73/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/02Polyamines
    • C08G73/0233Polyamines derived from (poly)oxazolines, (poly)oxazines or having pendant acyl groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/24Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/24Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
    • C08J5/248Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using pre-treated fibres
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/24Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
    • C08J5/249Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs characterised by the additives used in the prepolymer mixture
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/01Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
    • C08K3/013Fillers, pigments or reinforcing additives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/0008Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
    • C08K5/0025Crosslinking or vulcanising agents; including accelerators
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/0008Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
    • C08K5/0066Flame-proofing or flame-retarding additives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/49Phosphorus-containing compounds
    • C08K5/51Phosphorus bound to oxygen
    • C08K5/52Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
    • C08K5/521Esters of phosphoric acids, e.g. of H3PO4
    • C08K5/523Esters of phosphoric acids, e.g. of H3PO4 with hydroxyaryl compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/49Phosphorus-containing compounds
    • C08K5/51Phosphorus bound to oxygen
    • C08K5/53Phosphorus bound to oxygen bound to oxygen and to carbon only
    • C08K5/5317Phosphonic compounds, e.g. R—P(:O)(OR')2
    • C08K5/5333Esters of phosphonic acids
    • C08K5/5373Esters of phosphonic acids containing heterocyclic rings not representing cyclic esters of phosphonic acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/49Phosphorus-containing compounds
    • C08K5/5399Phosphorus bound to nitrogen
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L35/00Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical, and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L35/06Copolymers with vinyl aromatic monomers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L63/00Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
    • C08L63/04Epoxynovolacs
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L63/00Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
    • C08L63/10Epoxy resins modified by unsaturated compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L79/00Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
    • C08L79/02Polyamines
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00Printed circuits
    • H05K1/02Details
    • H05K1/03Use of materials for the substrate
    • H05K1/0313Organic insulating material
    • H05K1/032Organic insulating material consisting of one material
    • H05K1/0346Organic insulating material consisting of one material containing N
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00Printed circuits
    • H05K1/02Details
    • H05K1/03Use of materials for the substrate
    • H05K1/0313Organic insulating material
    • H05K1/0353Organic insulating material consisting of two or more materials, e.g. two or more polymers, polymer + filler, + reinforcement
    • H05K1/0373Organic insulating material consisting of two or more materials, e.g. two or more polymers, polymer + filler, + reinforcement containing additives, e.g. fillers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/055 or more layers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/40Symmetrical or sandwich layers, e.g. ABA, ABCBA, ABCCBA
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
    • B32B2260/021Fibrous or filamentary layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/04Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/046Synthetic resin
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0261Polyamide fibres
    • B32B2262/0269Aromatic polyamide fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/101Glass fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/20Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B32B2307/204Di-electric
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/306Resistant to heat
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/306Resistant to heat
    • B32B2307/3065Flame resistant or retardant, fire resistant or retardant
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/558Impact strength, toughness
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70Other properties
    • B32B2307/726Permeability to liquids, absorption
    • B32B2307/7265Non-permeable
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70Other properties
    • B32B2307/732Dimensional properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2457/00Electrical equipment
    • B32B2457/08PCBs, i.e. printed circuit boards
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F222/00Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof
    • C08F222/04Anhydrides, e.g. cyclic anhydrides
    • C08F222/06Maleic anhydride
    • C08F222/08Maleic anhydride with vinyl aromatic monomers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G73/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/06Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2363/00Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2379/00Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08J2361/00 - C08J2377/00
    • C08J2379/04Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2425/00Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2425/02Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
    • C08J2425/04Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
    • C08J2425/08Copolymers of styrene
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2435/00Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical, and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2435/06Copolymers with vinyl aromatic monomers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2463/00Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2479/00Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08J2461/00 - C08J2477/00
    • C08J2479/04Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K2201/00Specific properties of additives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K2201/00Specific properties of additives
    • C08K2201/002Physical properties
    • C08K2201/003Additives being defined by their diameter
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K2201/00Specific properties of additives
    • C08K2201/014Additives containing two or more different additives of the same subgroup in C08K
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00Properties
    • C08L2201/02Flame or fire retardant/resistant
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00Properties
    • C08L2201/22Halogen free composition
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2203/00Applications
    • C08L2203/20Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/03Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2201/00Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
    • H05K2201/02Fillers; Particles; Fibers; Reinforcement materials
    • H05K2201/0203Fillers and particles
    • H05K2201/0206Materials
    • H05K2201/0209Inorganic, non-metallic particles

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

本發明關於一種無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物及其製成的預浸料和覆銅箔層壓板,以固體組分重量份計,包含如下組分:(A)烷基苯酚環氧樹脂:5~80重量份;(B)苯並噁嗪樹脂:10~80重量份;(C)苯乙烯馬來酸酐樹脂:2~30重量份;(D)阻燃劑:1~30重量份;(E)酸性填料:0.5~100重量份,其pH在2~6之間。本發明亦提供用所述無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物製備的預浸料和覆銅箔層壓板。本發明提供的無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物在保證具有較高玻璃化轉變溫度,優良耐濕熱性的同時,有效提升了樹脂組合物的介電性能和剝離強度穩定性;並使預浸料和覆銅箔層壓板具有優異的綜合性能。

Description

一種無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物及其製成的預浸料和覆銅箔層壓板
本發明關於覆銅板技術領域,尤其關於一種無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物及其製成的預浸料和覆銅箔層壓板。
為實現無溴阻燃,業內通常採用含磷的樹脂或阻燃劑,配合含氮的樹脂或阻燃劑實現磷-溴協同高效阻燃。苯並噁嗪樹脂中含有氮元素,與磷元素複配使用時,可以較低的磷含量實現UL 94的V-0等級。加之固化收縮率低,耐濕熱性能佳,得到了廣泛使用。然而,由於苯並噁嗪樹脂結構特點,苯並噁嗪的開環聚合需要較高的溫度,為工業化批量生產帶來了困難,成為了其應用的難點。
隨著通訊技術的發展,對印製線路基板(CCL)介電常數(Dk)和介電損耗的要求越來越高。眾所周知,Dk越低,Df越小,訊號在基板上傳輸的速度越快,訊號在傳輸過程中損失功率保持一致時,容許傳輸的頻率就越高。此外,以手機,筆記型電腦,平板電腦為代表的消費電子領域,輕薄短小這一趨勢將會進一步發展。為實現更薄的設計且不降低運算速度,必須開發具有較低介電常數/介電損耗的基板。近年來,越來越多的業內研究均關注如何降低基板材料的介電常數/介電損耗。
US6509414A1使用溴化環氧樹脂,四溴雙酚A,以及苯乙烯-馬來酸酐製作覆銅板。由於其含有的C-Br鍵鍵能較低,容易在超過200℃的環境中斷裂釋放出小分子,導致分層爆板。CN103421273A提出了採用苯並噁嗪樹脂,苯乙烯-馬來酸酐,以及雙環戊二烯酚醛樹脂固化環氧樹脂,達到低介電常數,低介電損耗,高耐熱,高耐燃的性能。然而由於雙環戊二烯酚酸樹脂的使用,無法有效降低樹脂組合物中羥基的含量,組合物的介電常數介電損耗降低的幅度有限。
CN101684191B和C103131131A均揭露了以苯並噁嗪和苯乙烯馬來酸酐共同固化環氧,得到了較低的介電性能。然而苯並噁嗪和苯乙烯馬來酸酐作為環氧樹脂的複合固化劑時,苯乙烯馬來酸酐和環氧的聚合反應所需溫度較低,而苯並噁嗪和環氧樹脂所需的溫度較高。隨著壓合溫度升高,苯乙烯馬來酸酐和環氧,苯並噁嗪和環氧這兩個主要反應將會先後發生,在差熱掃描分析圖上,將出現2~3個清晰的反應放熱峰。而且,苯並噁嗪在高溫時容易發生自聚反應,這一「複雜」局面容易帶來可靠性方面的隱患。因此,對於苯並噁嗪樹脂的應用,一直存在難題。
基於此,本發明的目的之一在於提供一種無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物及其製成的預浸料和覆銅箔層壓板,藉由在樹脂組合物中添加酸性填料,極大地促進了苯並噁嗪和環氧樹脂的聚合反應,降低了苯並噁嗪和環氧聚合所需的固化溫度;藉由烷基苯酚環氧樹脂和苯乙烯馬來酸酐樹脂的 配合能實現更好的介電性能,並且酸性填料可彌補其層間結合力弱的缺陷,從而實現協同增效。
發明人為實現上述目的,進行了反覆深入的研究,結果發現:藉由將酸性填料與苯並噁嗪樹脂、烷基苯酚環氧樹脂和苯乙烯馬來酸酐以及可選的其他物質進行混合得到的組合物,可達到上述目的。
為了實現上述目的,本發明採用了如下技術手段:第一方面,本發明提供了一種無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物,以固體組分重量份計,包含如下組分:(A)烷基苯酚環氧樹脂:5~80重量份;(B)苯並噁嗪樹脂:10~80重量份;(C)苯乙烯馬來酸酐樹脂:2~30重量份;(D)阻燃劑:1~30重量份;(E)酸性填料:0.5~100重量份,其pH值在2~6之間。
本發明中藉由烷基苯酚環氧樹脂和苯乙烯馬來酸酐樹脂的配合能實現更好的介電性能,並且酸性填料的添加可彌補其層間結合力弱的缺陷,從而實現協同增效作用,其有效提升了樹脂組合物的介電性能和剝離強度穩定性,並使預浸料、印製電路用層壓板具有優異的綜合性能。
本發明中藉由在無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物中添加酸性填料,可以催化苯並噁嗪樹脂和環氧樹脂的開環聚合反應,又能促進苯並噁嗪自身交聯聚合,極大地降低了苯並噁嗪和環氧聚合所需的溫度;另外,酸性填 料的熔點可高達1000℃以上,在覆銅板生產過程中受熱不會揮發,在PCB加工中也不會分解,解決了有機酸和普通無機酸在樹脂中的弱點;再者,酸性填料在樹脂組合物中還能降低製品的CTE,其在樹脂組合物中保留下來對製品的可靠性有益。
根據本發明,所述烷基苯酚環氧樹脂的結構如下所示:
其中,R1,R2各自獨立地為取代或未取代的碳原子數為4~8的直鏈烷基或支鏈烷基,例如正丁基、正戊基、正辛基、異丁基、異戊基等,理想為正丁基或正辛基;n為2~20之間的整數,例如2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、12、15、18或20。
本發明所述無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物中,烷基苯酚環氧樹脂的含量為5~80重量份,例如5重量份、10重量份、12重量份、15重量份、18重量份、20重量份、22重量份、25重量份、28重量份、30重量份、32重量份、40重量份、45重量份、55重量份、60重量份、65重量份、70重量份、75重量份或80重量份,以及上述數值之間的具體點值,限於篇幅及出於簡明的考慮,本發明不再窮盡列舉所述範圍包含的具體點值,理想為10~35重量份。
根據本發明,所述苯並噁嗪樹脂,或稱具有二氫苯並噁嗪環的化合物,是由酚、伯胺和甲醛為原料合成的一種苯並六元雜環化合物,經開環聚合可生成含氮且類似酚醛樹脂的網狀結構。本發明中,苯並噁嗪樹脂能夠提高無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物及由所述樹脂得到的預浸料、層壓板等所需的阻燃性能、耐濕性、耐熱性、力學性能及較高的玻璃轉變溫度(Tg)。
本發明中,所述苯並噁嗪樹脂選自雙酚A型苯並噁嗪樹脂、雙環戊二烯型苯並噁嗪樹脂、雙酚F型苯並噁嗪樹脂、酚酞型苯並噁嗪樹脂或MDA型苯並噁嗪樹脂中的任意一種或至少兩種的混合物,其中典型但非限制性的混合物為:雙酚A型苯並噁嗪樹脂和雙環戊二烯型苯並噁嗪樹脂、雙環戊二烯型苯並噁嗪樹脂和雙酚F型苯並噁嗪樹脂、雙酚F型苯並噁嗪樹脂和酚酞型苯並噁嗪樹脂。
所述雙酚A型苯並噁嗪樹脂單體和雙酚F型苯並噁嗪樹脂單體、酚酞型苯並噁嗪樹脂單體的結構如式(α)所示:
其中,R3,R4、-CH2-或中的任意1種。
當R4時,結構式(α)為雙酚A型苯並噁嗪樹脂單體;當R4為-CH2-時,結構式(α)為雙酚F型苯並噁嗪樹脂單體;當R4時,結構式(α)為酚酞型苯並噁嗪樹脂單體。
所述MDA型苯並噁嗪樹脂,又稱(4,4’-二胺基二苯甲烷)型苯並噁嗪樹脂,其結構如式(β)所示:
所述雙環戊二烯苯並噁嗪樹脂單體的結構式如(γ)所示:
根據本發明,所述無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物中,苯並噁嗪樹脂的含量為10~80重量份,例如10重量份、12重量份、15重量份、18重量份、20重量份、22重量份、25重量份、28重量份、30重量份、32重量份、40重量份、45重量份、55重量份、60重量份、65重量份、70重量份、75重量份或80重量份,以及上述數值之間的具體點值,限於篇幅及出於簡明的考慮,本發明不再窮盡列舉所述範圍包含的具體點值,理想為30~65重量份。
在本發明所述無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物中,所述苯乙烯馬來酸酐樹脂中苯乙烯鏈段單元和馬來酸酐鏈段單元的比例介於8:1~1:1之間,例如8:1、7:1、6:1、5:1、4:1、3:1、2:1或1:1,以及上述數值之間的具體點值,限於篇幅及出於簡明的考慮,本發明不再窮盡列舉所述範圍包含的具體點值。
根據本發明,所述無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物中,苯乙烯馬來酸酐樹脂的含量為2~30重量份,例如2重量份、5重量份、8重量份、10重量份、12重量份、15重量份、18重量份、20重量份、22重量份、25重量份、28重量份或30重量份,以及上述數值之間的具體點值,限於篇幅及出於簡明的考慮,本發明不再窮盡列舉所述範圍包含的具體點值,理想為5~20重量份。
本發明中,所述阻燃劑選自間苯二酚-雙(磷酸二苯酯)、雙酚A-雙(磷酸二苯酯)、間苯二酚-雙(2,6-二甲苯基磷酸酯)、甲基磷酸二甲酯或磷腈化合物中的任意一種或至少兩種的混合物,其中典型但非限制性的混合物為:間苯二酚-雙(磷酸二苯酯)和雙酚A-雙(磷酸二苯酯)、雙酚A-雙(磷酸二苯酯)和間苯二酚-雙(2,6-二甲苯基磷酸酯)、間苯二酚-雙(2,6-二甲苯基磷酸酯)和甲基磷酸二甲酯、甲基磷酸二甲酯和磷腈化合物。
根據本發明,所述阻燃劑的添加量為1~30重量份,例如1重量份、2重量份、5重量份、8重量份、10重量份、15重量份、20重量份、25重量份、28重量份或30重量份,以及上述數值之間的具體點值,限於篇幅及出於簡明的考慮,本發明不再窮盡列舉所述範圍包含的具體點 值,理想為3~20重量份。
本發明中,所述酸性填料選自矽微粉、石英粉、雲母粉、黏土、草酸鈣或碳黑中的任意一種或至少兩種的混合物,其中典型但非限制性的混合物為矽微粉和石英粉、黏土和草酸鈣、碳黑和雲母粉。
本發明中,所述酸性填料的粒徑在50nm~50μm之間,例如50nm、60nm、70nm、80nm、90nm、100nm、300nm、500nm、800nm、5μm、10μm、30μm、40μm、45μm或50μm,以及上述數值之間的具體點值,限於篇幅及出於簡明的考慮,本發明不再窮盡列舉所述範圍包含的具體點值。
對於所述酸性填料的物理形態,本發明不做特殊限定,例如可以是片材、棒狀、球形、空心球形、粒狀、纖維狀或板狀等;也可以選擇性以矽烷偶聯劑對酸性填料進行處理。
根據本發明,所述無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物中,酸性填料的添加量為0.5~100重量份,例如0.5重量份、0.8重量份、1重量份、10重量份、20重量份、30重量份、40重量份、55重量份、60重量份、65重量份、70重量份、80重量份、90重量份或100重量份,以及上述數值之間的具體點值,限於篇幅及出於簡明的考慮,本發明不再窮盡列舉所述範圍包含的具體點值,理想為5~60重量份。
本發明採用酸性填料的添加量為5~60作為較理想選擇方式,經發明人研究發現,若所述填料使用量超過60重量份,樹脂組合物整體酸性較強,苯並噁嗪-環氧體系的開環聚合反應明顯加快,會使得樹脂組合物的製程窗口變窄;若所述酸性填料使用量低於5份,樹脂組合物整體酸性 較弱,對苯並噁嗪-環氧體系的催化作用不明顯。
根據本發明,所述酸性填料的pH值在2~6之間,例如2、2.5、3、3.5、4、5或6,以及上述數值之間的具體點值,限於篇幅及出於簡明的考慮,本發明不再窮盡列舉所述範圍包含的具體點值。
本發明中,所述酸性填料的特徵是:將該填料與去離子水按1:9的質量比配製成水溶液,對其進行測定從而得到該填料的pH值在2~6之間。
理想地,本發明所述酸性填料的pH值在4~6之間。
根據本發明,所述無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物中還可以含有非酸性填料。
理想地,所述非酸性填料選自碳酸鈣、硫酸鈣、氧化鋁、硫酸鋇、陶瓷粉、滑石粉或水滑石中的任意一種或至少兩種的混合物,其中典型但非限制性的混合物為:碳酸鈣和硫酸鈣、氧化鋁和硫酸鋇、滑石粉和陶瓷粉。
理想地,所述非酸性填料的添加量為0~100重量份,例如1重量份、5重量份、15重量份、30重量份、45重量份、58重量份、62重量份、78重量份、89重量份或100重量份,以及上述數值之間的具體點值,限於篇幅及出於簡明的考慮,本發明不再窮盡列舉所述範圍包含的具體點值。
根據本發明,所述無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物中還可以含有(F)固化促進劑,以無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物中有機固形物為100重量份計,所述固化促進劑的添加量為0.1~1重量份,例如0.1重量份、0.2重量份、0.3 重量份、0.4重量份、0.5重量份、0.6重量份、0.7重量份、0.8重量份、0.9重量份或1重量份,以及上述數值之間的具體點值,限於篇幅及出於簡明的考慮,本發明不再窮盡列舉所述範圍包含的具體點值。
本發明中,所述固化促進劑選自咪唑類促進劑及其衍生物、吡啶類促進劑或路易士酸類促進劑中的任意一種或至少兩種的混合物,其中典型但非限制性的混合物為咪唑類促進金和吡啶類促進劑、吡啶類促進劑和路易士酸類促進劑、咪唑類促進劑和路易士酸類促進劑。
理想地,所述咪唑類促進劑選自2-甲基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑或2-十一烷基咪唑中的任意一種或至少兩種的混合物。
所述固化促進劑有益於環氧樹脂和苯並噁嗪樹脂以及固化劑進行固化反應,形成均勻的三維網狀分子結構,達到較佳的物性,並能促進羥基(-OH)和環氧基等基團濃度的下降,幫助樹脂組合物實現較佳的介電性能,降低介電常數和介電損耗。
作為較理想技術手段,本發明所述無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物,以有機固形物重量份計,包含如下組分:(A)環氧樹脂:10~35重量份;(B)苯並噁嗪樹脂:30~60重量份;(C)苯乙烯馬來酸酐樹脂:5~20重量份;(D)阻燃劑:3~20重量份;(E)填料:5~60重量份,其pH值在2~6之間;(F)固化促進劑:0.1~1重量份。
本發明所述無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物的製備方法,該領域通常 知識者可以參考現有的樹脂組合物的製備方法,結合實際情況進行選擇,本發明不做特殊限定。
第二方面,本發明還提供了一種無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物的製備方法,所述方法為:向所述無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物中添加pH值介於2~6的酸性填料;且所述無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物中含有烷基苯酚環氧樹脂、苯並噁嗪樹脂和苯乙烯馬來酸酐樹脂。
本發明藉由在無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物中添加酸性填料,極大地促進了苯並噁嗪和環氧樹脂的聚合反應,降低了苯並噁嗪和環氧聚合所需的固化溫度,使苯並噁嗪和環氧的反應更完全;藉由使用該添加有酸性填料的組合物製作的層壓板具有高的抗剝穩定性,及高玻璃化轉變溫度、低吸水率、高耐熱性、高彎曲強度和良好的工藝加工性,並能實現低熱膨脹係數。
本發明藉由採用烷基苯酚環氧樹脂,其有助於降低體系的介電常數和介電損耗因數,並可增加組合物的韌性,改善鑽孔品質;同時,藉由烷基苯酚環氧樹脂和苯乙烯馬來酸酐樹脂的配合能實現更好的介電性能,並且酸性填料的添加可彌補其層間結合力弱的缺陷,從而實現協同增效作用,其有效提升了樹脂組合物的介電性能和剝離強度穩定性,並使預浸料、印製電路用層壓板具有優異的綜合性能。
該領域通常知識者可以明瞭,所述無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物的製備方法中除了烷基苯酚環氧樹脂、苯並噁嗪樹脂和苯乙烯馬來酸酐樹脂外,還可以任選地含有本發明第一方面所述的阻燃劑、非酸性填料以及固 化促進劑等組分,且所述無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物中含有的各個組分和含量均可示例性地參考本發明第一方面所述的範圍。
本發明所述的「包含」,意指其除所述組份外,還可以包含其他組份,這些其他組份賦予所述樹脂組合物不同的特性。除此之外,本發明所述的「包含」,還可以替換為封閉式的「為」或「由......組成」。
例如,所述無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物還可以含有各種添加劑,作為具體例,可以舉出抗氧劑、熱穩定劑、抗靜電劑、紫外線吸收劑、顏料、著色劑或潤滑劑等。這些添加劑可以單獨使用,也可以兩種或者兩種以上混合使用。
對於本發明中未進一步限定的無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物的製備步驟,該領域通常知識者可以參考現有的樹脂組合物的製備方法,結合實際情況進行選擇,本發明不做特殊限定。
本發明還提供了一種預浸料,其含有第一方面所述的無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物根據第二方面所述的方法製備得到的無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物,以及增強材料;所使用的增強材料無特別的限定,可以為有機纖維、無機纖維編織布或無紡布。所述的有機纖維可以選擇芳綸無紡布,所述的無機纖維編織布可以為E-玻纖布、D-玻纖布、S-玻纖布、T玻纖布、NE-玻纖布或石英布。所述增強材料的厚度無特別限定,處於層壓板有良好的尺寸穩定性的考慮,所述編織布及無紡布厚度理想為0.01~0.2mm,且最好是經過開纖處理及矽烷偶聯劑表面處理的,為了提供良好的耐水性和耐熱性,所述矽烷偶聯劑理想為環氧矽烷偶聯劑、胺基矽烷偶聯劑或乙烯基矽烷偶聯劑中的任意一種或至少兩種的混合物。將增強材料藉由含浸上述的 複合材料,在100~250℃條件下,烘烤1~15分鐘得到所述預浸料。
本發明的印刷電路板用覆銅箔層壓板包含藉由加熱和加壓,使兩片或兩片以上的預浸料黏合在一起而製成的層壓板、黏合在層壓板的一面或兩面以上的銅箔;所述的覆銅箔層壓需滿足以下要求:(1)層壓的升溫速率通常在料溫80~160℃時的升溫速度應控制在1.0~3.0℃/min;(2)層壓的壓力設置,外層料溫在80~100℃時施加滿壓,滿壓壓力為300psi左右;(3)固化時,控制料溫在185℃,並保溫90min;所覆蓋的金屬箔除銅箔外,還可以是鎳箔、鋁箔及SUS箔等,其材質不限。
與現有技術相比,本發明至少具有以下功效:(1)本發明藉由在無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物中添加酸性填料,極大地促進了苯並噁嗪和環氧樹脂的聚合反應,降低了苯並噁嗪和環氧聚合所需的固化溫度,使苯並噁嗪和環氧的反應更完全;(2)本發明藉由使用該添加有酸性填料的無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物製作的層壓板具有高的抗剝穩定性、高玻璃化轉變溫度、低吸水率、高耐熱性、高彎曲強度和良好的工藝加工性,並能實現低熱膨脹係數;(3)本發明採用的烷基苯酚環氧樹脂含有較多的烷基鏈段,有助於降低體系的介電常數和介電損耗因數,同時較多的烷基鏈段將有助於增加組合物韌性,改善鑽孔品質,另外,藉由將烷基苯酚環氧樹脂與苯乙烯馬來酸酐二者配合使用能實現更好的介電性能,並且酸性填料的添加可彌補其層間結合力弱的缺陷,從而實現三者的協同增效作用,有效提升了樹脂組 合物的介電性能和剝離強度穩定性,並使預浸料、印製電路用層壓板具有優異的綜合性能。
下面藉由具體實施方式來進一步說明本發明的技術手段。
以下所述是本發明實施例的具體實施方式,應當指出,對於本技術領域的普通技術人員來說,在不脫離本發明實施例原理的前提下,還可以做出若干改進和潤飾,這些改進和潤飾也視為本發明實施例的保護範圍。
下面分多個實施例對本發明實施例進行進一步的說明。本發明實施例不限定於以下的具體實施例。在不改變申請專利範圍的範圍內,可以適當的進行變更實施。
下文中如無特別說明,其份代表重量份,其%代表「重量%」。
實施例和對比例涉及的材料及型號資訊如下:
(A)環氧樹脂:
A1:烷基苯酚環氧樹脂,韓國KOLON提供的商品型號為KES-7595的產品
A2:DCPD環氧,購於DIC的型號為7200H的產品
(B)苯並噁嗪樹脂:
B1:購於亨斯邁的型號為LZ8290H62的產品
B2:購於東材科技的型號為D125的產品
(C)苯乙烯馬來酸酐樹脂:
C1:購於沙多瑪的型號為EF40的產品
C2:購於沙多瑪的型號為EF60的產品
(D)阻燃劑
D1:購於日本大八化學的型號為PX-200的產品
D2:購於日本大塚化學株式會社的型號為SPB-100的產品
(E)填料
E1:購於江蘇聯瑞的二氧化矽DQ-1030,pH=4.0
E2:購於安徽格銳雲母粉GD-2,pH=5.0
E3:購於天津星龍泰化工產品科技有限公司的碳黑,pH=3.0
E4:購於蚌埠鑫源的水鋁土BG-615,pH=6.8
E5:購於矽比科的二氧化矽MEGASIL525,pH=6.5
E6:購於日本admatechs球形矽微粉SC2500-SEJ,pH=8.0
(F)固化促進劑
F1:購於日本四國化成的2-苯基咪唑。
將實施例和對比例提供的樹脂組合物,按照如下方法製備印製電路用層壓板,並對製備得到的層壓板進行性能測試。
所述印製電路用層壓板的製備方法包含:①藉由加熱和加壓作用使一張或一張以上的預浸料黏合在一起,製成 的層壓板;②在步驟①製得的層壓板的一面或兩面上黏合金屬箔;③在層壓機中進行層壓;在步驟②的過程中,使用8片預浸料和2片一盎司(35μm厚)的金屬箔疊合在一起;在步驟③的過程中,層壓的操作條件為:料溫80~140℃時,控制升溫速率為1.5~2.5℃/min;外層料溫80-100℃時,施加滿壓,滿壓壓力為350psi左右;固化時,控制料溫在195℃,並保溫60min以上。
實施例和對比例提供的樹脂組合物的配方及性能測試結果見表1~3。
性能測試的專案及具體方法為:
(a)玻璃化轉變溫度:根據差示掃描量熱法,按照IPC-TM-650中2.4.25所規定的DSC方法進行測定。
(b)耐燃燒性:依據UL94法測定。
(c)吸水性: 按照IPC-TM-650中的2.6.2.1所規定的方法進行測定。
(d)DSC峰個數:儀器商:美國TA。N2環境,升溫速率10℃/min。DSC曲線上,100℃~250℃之間的峰的個數。
(e)剝離強度:按照IPC-TM-650中的2.4.8所規定的方法進行測定。
(f)熱膨脹係數:按照IPC-TM-650中的2.4.24所規定的方法進行測定。
(g)介電常數和介電損耗因素
根據使用條狀線的共振法,按照IPC-TM-650中的2.5.5.5所規定的方法測定1GHz下的介電常數和介電損耗因素。
物性分析:
(1)將實施例3與對比例1進行比較,實施例3中添加苯乙烯馬來酸酐樹脂後,相比對比例1中未添加苯乙烯馬來酸酐時,其製成的板材玻璃化轉變溫度較高,介電損耗因數較低,介電性能更好;將實施例3與對比例2進行比較,實施例3中添加烷基苯酚環氧樹脂,相比對比例2中未添加該環氧樹脂而替換為其他環氧樹脂時,其製成的板材介電損耗因數較低,介電性能更好;將實施例3與對比例3進行比較,實施例3中藉由添加pH值介於2-6之間的酸性填料,相比對比例3中未添加填料時,其DSC峰個數少,並且其製成的板材具有更高的玻璃化轉變溫度,吸水率低,具有更高的剝離強度,介電損耗因數較低。
由上述實施例和對比例可以看出,本發明中藉由將烷基苯酚環氧樹脂 與苯乙烯馬來酸酐二者配合使用能實現更好的介電性能,並且酸性填料的添加可彌補其層間結合力弱的缺陷,從而實現三者的協同增效作用,有效提升了樹脂組合物的介電性能和剝離強度穩定性,並使預浸料、印製電路用層壓板具有優異的綜合性能。
(2)將實施例3與對比例4-6進行比較,實施例3中藉由添加pH值介於2-6之間的酸性填料,相比對比例4-5中添加pH值大於6的酸性填料時,其DSC峰個數少,並且其製成的板材具有更高的剝離強度;相比對比例6中添加鹼性填料時,其DSC峰個數少,並且其製成的板材具有更高的玻璃化轉變溫度和高剝離強度。
藉由實施例3與對比例4-6可以看出,本發明中藉由採用pH值介於2-6之間的酸性填料,其極大地促進了苯並噁嗪和環氧樹脂的聚合反應,降低了苯並噁嗪和環氧聚合所需的固化溫度,使苯並噁嗪和環氧的反應更完全,同時使製作的層壓板具有高的抗剝穩定性、高玻璃化轉變溫度、低吸水率、高耐熱性、高彎曲強度和良好的工藝加工性,並能實現低熱膨脹係數。
(3)將實施例9與對比例7進行比較,實施例9中採用將烷基苯酚環氧樹脂控制在較低含量時,其能使板材具有高玻璃化轉變溫度,可達到V-0級阻燃,吸水率低,具有更高的剝離強度、低熱膨脹係數以及更低的介電損耗因數。
(4)將實施例5-6和實施例7-8進行比較,實施例5-6藉由將酸性填料的添加量控制在5-60重量份時,相比實施例7將酸性填料的添加量低於5重量份時,其DSC峰個數少,具有更優異的催化作用,玻璃化轉變溫度更高,並能達到V-0級阻燃,吸水率低、剝離強度更高,具有低 熱膨脹係數;相比實施例8將酸性填料的添加量高於60重量份時,其具有更高的剝離強度,加工性能好。
綜合上述結果可以看出,本發明提供的無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物在保證具有較高玻璃化轉變溫度,優良耐濕熱性的同時,有效提升了樹脂組合物的介電性能和剝離強度穩定性;並使預浸料和覆銅箔層壓板具有優異的綜合性能。
應該注意到並理解,在不脫離後附的申請專利範圍所保護的本發明的精神和範圍的情況下,能夠對上述詳細描述的本發明做出各種修改和改進。因此,要求保護的技術手段的範圍不受所提出的任何特定示範教導的限制。
申請人聲明,本發明藉由上述實施例來說明本發明的詳細方法,但本發明並不侷限於上述詳細方法,即不意味著本發明必須依賴上述詳細方法才能實施。該領域通常知識者應該明瞭,對本發明的任何改進,對本發明產品各原料的均等置換及輔助成分的添加、具體方式的選擇等,均落在本發明的保護範圍和公開範圍之內。

Claims (17)

  1. 一種無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物,其特徵係其以固體組分重量份計,包含如下組分:(A)烷基苯酚環氧樹脂:5~80重量份;(B)苯並噁嗪樹脂:10~80重量份;(C)苯乙烯馬來酸酐樹脂:2~30重量份;(D)阻燃劑:1~30重量份;(E)酸性填料:0.5~100重量份,其pH值在2~6之間。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所記載之無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物,其中,前述烷基苯酚環氧樹脂的結構係如下所示: 其中,R 1,R 2各自獨立地為取代或未取代的碳原子數為4~8的直鏈烷基或支鏈烷基;n為2~20之間的整數。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項所記載之無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物,其中,前述苯並噁嗪樹脂係選自雙酚A型苯並噁嗪樹脂、雙環戊二烯型苯並噁嗪樹脂、雙酚F型苯並噁嗪樹脂、酚酞型苯並噁嗪樹脂或MDA型苯並噁嗪樹脂中的任意一種或至少兩種的混合物。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項所記載之無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物,其中,前述苯乙烯馬來酸酐樹脂中苯乙烯鏈段單元和馬來酸酐鏈段單元的比例介於8:1~1:1之間。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項所記載之無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物,其中,前述阻燃劑係選自間苯二酚-雙(磷酸二苯酯)、雙酚A-雙(磷酸二苯酯)、間苯二酚-雙(2,6-二甲苯基磷酸酯)、甲基磷酸二甲酯或磷腈化合物中的任意一種或至少兩種的混合物。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項所記載之無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物,其中,前述酸性填料係選自矽微粉、石英粉、雲母粉、黏土、草酸鈣或碳黑中的任意一種或至少兩種的混合物。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項所記載之無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物,其中,前述酸性填料的粒徑為50nm~50μm。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項所記載之無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物,其中,前述無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物還包含非酸性填料。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第8項所記載之無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物,其中,前述非酸性填料係選自碳酸鈣、硫酸鈣、氧化鋁、硫酸鋇、陶瓷粉、滑石粉或水滑石中的任意一種或至少兩種的混合物。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第8項所記載之無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物,其中,前述非酸性填料的添加量為0~100重量份。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項所記載之無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物,其中,前述無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物還包含(F)固化促進劑:0.1~1重量份。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第11項所記載之無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物,其中,前述 固化促進劑係選自咪唑類促進劑及其衍生物、吡啶類促進劑或路易士酸類促進劑中的任意一種或至少兩種的混合物。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第1項所記載之無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物,其中,以固體組分重量份計,其係包含如下組分:(A)烷基苯酚環氧樹脂:10~35重量份;(B)苯並噁嗪樹脂:30~65重量份;(C)苯乙烯馬來酸酐樹脂:5~20重量份;(D)阻燃劑:3~20重量份;(E)酸性填料:5~60重量份,其pH值在4~6之間。
  14. 一種無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物的製備方法,其特徵係其方法為:於前述無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物中添加pH值介於2~6的酸性填料;且前述無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物中包含烷基苯酚環氧樹脂、苯並噁嗪樹脂和苯乙烯馬來酸酐樹脂。
  15. 一種預浸料,其係含有申請專利範圍第1至13項所記載之無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物或根據申請專利範圍第14項之方法製得的樹脂組合物。
  16. 一種層壓板,其係包含至少1張如申請專利範圍第15項所記載之預浸料。
  17. 一種印製電路板,其係包含至少1張如申請專利範圍第15項所記載之預浸料。
TW106116373A 2016-12-30 2017-05-17 一種無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物及其製成的預浸料和覆銅箔層壓板 TWI632196B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201611262945.6A CN106675023B (zh) 2016-12-30 2016-12-30 一种无卤阻燃型树脂组合物及其制成的预浸料和覆铜箔层压板
??201611262945.6 2016-12-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
TW201823359A true TW201823359A (zh) 2018-07-01
TWI632196B TWI632196B (zh) 2018-08-11

Family

ID=58850164

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
TW106116373A TWI632196B (zh) 2016-12-30 2017-05-17 一種無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物及其製成的預浸料和覆銅箔層壓板

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20180371232A1 (zh)
KR (1) KR101980029B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN106675023B (zh)
TW (1) TWI632196B (zh)
WO (1) WO2018120472A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107353594A (zh) * 2017-07-24 2017-11-17 无锡南理工科技发展有限公司 一种可固化树脂共混组合物及其应用
CN109705532B (zh) * 2018-12-29 2021-05-11 广东生益科技股份有限公司 一种无卤无磷无氮的阻燃树脂组合物、包含其的半固化片和覆金属箔层压板
JP2021154732A (ja) * 2020-03-25 2021-10-07 日立金属株式会社 軟磁性合金薄帯の積層体の製造方法
CN112812499B (zh) * 2021-01-06 2023-02-28 广东生益科技股份有限公司 一种无卤阻燃树脂组合物及使用它的半固化片、层压板以及印制电路板

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH05310889A (ja) * 1992-05-07 1993-11-22 Hitachi Chem Co Ltd エポキシ樹脂組成物
CN101684191B (zh) * 2009-08-27 2012-03-07 广东生益科技股份有限公司 无卤高频树脂组合物及用其制成的预浸料与层压板
CN103131131B (zh) * 2011-11-23 2015-07-15 台光电子材料股份有限公司 无卤素树脂组合物及其应用的铜箔基板及印刷电路板
US9005761B2 (en) * 2011-12-22 2015-04-14 Elite Material Co., Ltd. Halogen-free resin composition and its application for copper clad laminate and printed circuit board
CN103421273B (zh) * 2012-05-22 2016-02-10 中山台光电子材料有限公司 无卤素树脂组成物
CN103881299B (zh) * 2012-12-20 2016-08-31 中山台光电子材料有限公司 无卤素树脂组合物及其应用
CN105431476A (zh) * 2013-07-24 2016-03-23 蓝立方知识产权有限责任公司 可固化组合物
CN103992622B (zh) * 2014-06-10 2017-03-01 广东生益科技股份有限公司 一种无卤树脂组合物以及使用它的预浸料和印制电路用层压板
CN104371273B (zh) * 2014-11-11 2017-05-24 广东生益科技股份有限公司 一种无卤树脂组合物及用其制作的预浸料与层压板
KR102375986B1 (ko) * 2015-03-13 2022-03-17 닛테츠 케미컬 앤드 머티리얼 가부시키가이샤 옥사졸리돈 고리 함유 에폭시 수지, 그 제조 방법, 에폭시 수지 조성물, 및 경화물

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20180090726A (ko) 2018-08-13
US20180371232A1 (en) 2018-12-27
KR101980029B1 (ko) 2019-08-28
TWI632196B (zh) 2018-08-11
CN106675023B (zh) 2019-03-19
WO2018120472A1 (zh) 2018-07-05
CN106675023A (zh) 2017-05-17

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
KR101897426B1 (ko) 무할로겐 수지 조성물 및 이로 제조된 프리프레그와 적층판
TWI593746B (zh) 一種無鹵環氧樹脂組合物以及含有其之預浸料、層壓板和印刷電路板
CN106832226B (zh) 一种无卤环氧树脂组合物以及含有它的预浸料、层压板和印制电路板
EP2770025B1 (en) Halogen-free low-dielectric resin composition, and prepreg and copper foil laminate made by using same
JP6271008B2 (ja) ノンハロゲン樹脂組成物及びそれを用いて製造されたプリプレグと積層板
WO2015127860A1 (zh) 一种无卤阻燃型树脂组合物
TWI632196B (zh) 一種無鹵阻燃型樹脂組合物及其製成的預浸料和覆銅箔層壓板
TWI628223B (zh) 一種含有苯並噁嗪的樹脂組合物的製備方法及由其製成的預浸料和層壓板
US20160272808A1 (en) Halogen-free resin composition and uses thereof
WO2018120586A1 (zh) 一种含有苯并噁嗪树脂组合物的制备方法及由其制成的预浸料和层压板
WO2015154314A1 (zh) 一种热固性树脂组合物
WO2016119356A1 (zh) 一种无卤树脂组合物及用其制作的预浸料和层压板
US20190071548A1 (en) Resin composition, and pre-preg, metal-clad laminate and printed circuit board prepared using the same
CN102432836B (zh) 无卤热固性树脂组合物及使用其制作的预浸料及层压板
CN101955678B (zh) 阻燃型热固性树脂组合物及覆铜板
WO2015184652A1 (zh) 一种无卤树脂组合物以及使用它的预浸料和印制电路用层压板
TWI669340B (zh) 無鹵熱固性樹脂組合物及使用它的預浸料、層壓板、覆金屬箔層壓板和印刷電路板
KR20160097278A (ko) 열경화성 에폭시 수지 조성물 및 그 용도
WO2015188310A1 (zh) 一种无卤树脂组合物以及使用它的预浸料和印制电路用层压板

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
MM4A Annulment or lapse of patent due to non-payment of fees