TW201738954A - 使用電漿與蒸氣處理組合之al2o3的原子層蝕刻 - Google Patents
使用電漿與蒸氣處理組合之al2o3的原子層蝕刻 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201738954A TW201738954A TW106106310A TW106106310A TW201738954A TW 201738954 A TW201738954 A TW 201738954A TW 106106310 A TW106106310 A TW 106106310A TW 106106310 A TW106106310 A TW 106106310A TW 201738954 A TW201738954 A TW 201738954A
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- fluorine
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- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title description 2
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- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- YUOWTJMRMWQJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[Sn+4] YUOWTJMRMWQJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) oxide Chemical group [Sn]=O QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 3
- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ZAPAMMDQEWCVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Sn] ZAPAMMDQEWCVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000487 osmium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur hexafluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(F)(F)(F)F SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000909 sulfur hexafluoride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910003468 tantalcarbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
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- C23F1/10—Etching compositions
- C23F1/12—Gaseous compositions
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- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
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- H01L21/02175—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing at least one metal element, e.g. metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal oxynitrides or metal carbides characterised by the metal
- H01L21/02178—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing at least one metal element, e.g. metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal oxynitrides or metal carbides characterised by the metal the material containing aluminium, e.g. Al2O3
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- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
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- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
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- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
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- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
- H01L21/3205—Deposition of non-insulating-, e.g. conductive- or resistive-, layers on insulating layers; After-treatment of these layers
- H01L21/321—After treatment
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Abstract
本說明書提供在基板上執行原子層蝕刻(ALE, atomic layer etching)的方法,其包含下列方法操作:在該基板的表面上執行表面改質操作,該表面改質操作係安排以將該基板的表面之至少一單層轉換為經改質的層;在該基板的表面上執行移除操作,該移除操作係安排以自該基板的表面移除該經改質的層,其中經由配位基交換反應來進行移除該經改質的層之操作,該配位基交換反應係安排以使該經改質的層揮發;在該移除操作之後,在該基板的表面上執行電漿處理,該電漿處理係安排以自該基板的表面移除由該移除操作所產生的殘留物,其中藉由該電漿處理而使該殘留物揮發;重複該等前述操作直至已自該基板的表面蝕刻預定的厚度為止。
Description
本揭露內容之實施例係關於原子層蝕刻(ALE, atomic layer etching),而更具體而言,係關於使用電漿與蒸氣處理組合之氧化鋁的ALE。
具有對均勻度及蝕刻速率的微調控制之在半導體基板上蝕刻材料的習知技術係為有限的。例如,反應性離子蝕刻在習知上係用以於半導體處理期間在半導體基板上蝕刻材料,並且,使用反應性離子蝕刻來蝕刻材料的蝕刻速率係藉由調整射頻電漿功率及選擇化學物而控制。然而,晶圓電漿鞘形成於基板的頂部,而因此來自該電漿的離子通常加速至晶圓表面上以蝕刻基板。此情況會造成非等向性之方向性的蝕刻製程,該蝕刻製程不會以相同的速率來蝕刻材料的垂直及水平表面。此外,經歷習知蝕刻製程的材料亦可能為非均勻的。使用習知技術通常涉及特定的反應器設計、及/或饋入氣體之輸送及排氣的改變,以及腔室或反應器壁部以及靜電卡盤兩者之謹慎的溫度分布監控,靜電卡盤可為能夠在處理期間固持晶圓的晶圓固持器之部分,以達到高蝕刻速率均勻性之控制,且其可能造成較低效率及較高花費的基板處理。
依據若干實施例,提供在基板上執行原子層蝕刻(ALE, atomic layer etching)的方法,其包含:(a)在該基板的表面上執行表面改質操作,該表面改質操作係安排以將該基板的表面之至少一單層轉換為經改質的層;(b)在該基板的表面上執行移除操作,該移除操作係安排以自該基板的表面移除該經改質的層,其中經由配位基交換反應來進行移除該經改質的層之操作,該配位基交換反應係安排以使該經改質的層揮發;(c)在該移除操作之後,在該基板的表面上執行電漿處理,該電漿處理係安排以自該基板的表面移除由該移除操作所產生的殘留物,其中藉由該電漿處理而使該殘留物揮發;(d)重複操作(a)至操作(c)直至已自該基板的表面蝕刻預定的厚度為止。
在若干實施例中,執行該表面改質操作包含將該基板的表面暴露於含氟電漿,其中暴露於該含氟電漿的該操作係安排以將該基板的表面之該至少一單層轉換為氟化物物種。
在若干實施例中,該基板的表面包含金屬、金屬氧化物、金屬氮化物、金屬磷化物、金屬硫化物、或金屬砷化物;其中暴露於該含氟電漿的該操作會形成金屬氟化物。
在若干實施例中,將該基板的表面暴露於該含氟電漿的該操作包含將含氟氣體引至放置該基板的腔室中,並引燃電漿。
在若干實施例中,在約10 mTorr至500 mTorr的腔室壓力下執行暴露於該含氟電漿的該操作達少於約15秒的持續時間。
在若干實施例中,執行該移除操作包含將該基板的表面暴露於乙醯丙酮錫(II)(Sn(acac)2
)蒸氣,暴露於該Sn(acac)2
蒸氣的該操作係安排以用acac配位基交換該經改質的層中之氟原子。
在若干實施例中,將該基板的表面暴露於Sn(acac)2
的該操作包含將Sn(acac)2
以氣相引至放置該基板的腔室中。
在若干實施例中,執行暴露於Sn(acac)2
的該操作達約1秒至30秒的持續時間。
在若干實施例中,執行該電漿處理包含將該基板的表面暴露於氫電漿,暴露於該氫電漿的該操作係安排以使該基板的表面上之錫、錫氟化物、或錫氧化物殘留物揮發。
在若干實施例中,將該基板的表面暴露於該氫電漿的該操作包含將氫氣引至放置該基板的腔室中,並引燃電漿。
在若干實施例中,執行暴露於該氫電漿的該操作達約1秒至30秒(通常約為5秒)的持續時間。
在若干實施例中,在第一腔室中執行操作(a);在第二腔室中執行操作(b)。
在若干實施例中,該第一腔室中執行操作(c)。
在若干實施例中,在第三腔室中執行操作(c)。
依據若干實施例,提供在基板上執行原子層蝕刻(ALE, atomic layer etching)的方法,其包含:(a)在該基板的表面上執行表面改質操作,該表面改質操作係安排以將該基板的表面之至少一單層轉換為經改質的層;(b)在該基板的表面上執行移除操作,該移除操作係安排以自該基板的表面移除該經改質的層,其中經由配位基交換反應來進行移除該經改質的層之操作,該配位基交換反應係安排以使該經改質的層揮發;(c)重複操作(a)及操作(b)達預定數目的循環;(d)在操作(c)之後,在該基板的表面上執行電漿處理,該電漿處理係安排以自該基板的表面移除由該移除操作所產生的殘留物,其中藉由該電漿處理而使該殘留物揮發;(e)重複操作(a)至操作(d)直至已自該基板的表面蝕刻預定的厚度為止。
在若干實施例中,執行該表面改質操作包含將該基板的表面暴露於含氟電漿,其中暴露於該含氟電漿的該操作係安排以將該基板的表面之該至少一單層轉換為氟化物物種;其中執行該移除操作包含將該基板的表面暴露於乙醯丙酮錫(II)(Sn(acac)2
)蒸氣,暴露於該Sn(acac)2
蒸氣的該操作係安排以用acac配位基交換該經改質的層中之氟原子;其中執行該電漿處理包含將該基板的表面暴露於氫電漿,暴露於該氫電漿的該操作係安排以使該基板的表面上之錫、錫氟化物、或錫氧化物殘留物揮發。
在若干實施例中,該基板的表面包含金屬、金屬氧化物、金屬氮化物、金屬磷化物、金屬硫化物、或金屬砷化物;其中暴露於該含氟電漿的該操作會形成金屬氟化物。
在若干實施例中,在約10 mTorr至500 mTorr的腔室壓力下執行暴露於該含氟電漿的該操作達少於約15秒的持續時間;其中執行暴露於Sn(acac)2
的該操作達約1秒至30秒(通常約為1秒)的持續時間;其中執行暴露於該氫電漿的該操作達約1秒至30秒(通常約為5秒)的持續時間。
在以下敘述中,為提供對於所呈現實施例之完整瞭解,將提出許多具體細節。在不具有這些具體細節之若干或全部的情況下,仍可實施本揭露實施例。在其他情況下,為避免不必要地混淆本揭露實施例,因此不詳細描述眾所周知的程序操作。雖然本揭露實施例將結合具體實施例而描述,但應瞭解其並非意欲限制本揭露實施例。
本說明書中所提供的係為藉由涉及含氟電漿及含錫蝕刻劑之配位基交換機制而執行金屬氧化物(例如氧化鋁(Al2
O3
))之等向性原子層蝕刻(ALE, atomic layer etching)的方法。本說明書中所述之方法涉及使用含氟電漿改質待蝕刻之材料的表面,然後將經改質的表面暴露於乙醯丙酮錫(II)(Sn(acac)2
)蒸氣以利用自限制方法移除材料。在具有Sn(acac)2
蒸氣且無電漿的情況下於氣相沉積腔室中維持配位基交換反應。
原子層蝕刻(ALE, atomic layer etching)係為蝕刻作用之原子層級控制的一方法。ALE係為循環製程的一種類型。ALE係為使用相繼的自限制反應來移除材料之薄層的技術。一般而言,可使用任何合適的技術來執行ALE。原子層蝕刻技術之範例係描述於公告日為2014年11月11日的美國專利第8883028號、以及公告日為2014年8月19日的美國專利第8808561號中,該等案係為了說明例示性原子層蝕刻及蝕刻技術之目的而併入本說明書中以供參照。在許多實施例中,可利用電漿來執行ALE,或可在加熱的情況下執行ALE。
ALE可藉由表面改質操作(亦即,基板表面上藉由反應性化學物來進行的化學吸附)及後續的移除操作來進行。可將如此的操作重複一特定數目的循環。在ALE期間,反應性化學物及移除化學物係分別輸送至基板。
圖1A-1F依據本揭露內容之實施例,概念上繪示ALE製程順序。
圖1A處所顯示的係為未改質狀態的基板之表面100的部分。基板表面100之最外部層102的分子/原子係為了ALE製程而暴露。如圖1B處所顯示,執行表面轉變/改質操作以將基板的表面層轉變為官能化的狀態。例如,表面層係藉由暴露於表面轉變反應物104而改質,表面轉變反應物104可吸附或化學吸附於表面上。在許多實施例中,表面轉變反應物可包含分子或低能自由基,該表面轉變反應物會與表面層原子反應以達成表面轉變步驟。所產生的表面層顯示於圖1C處,該表面層係由官能化之最外部層106的分子所組成,以達成後續ALE步驟。由於反應為自限制的,僅有(或實質上僅有)最外部層的基板表面將會經歷轉變。在若干實施例中,此表面改質需使表面物種轉變為鹵化物。在若干實施例中,在自限制表面轉變之後,將腔室吹淨以移除任何反應副產物或過量的表面轉變反應物。
在表面轉變操作之後,接著如圖1D處所繪示,執行配位基交換反應/操作。在所繪示的實施例中,將基板之經改質的表面106暴露於含配位基的反應物108,其會達成配位基交換反應,其中含配位基的反應物會吸附於基板表面上,並將其配位基轉移至在稍早的表面改質/轉變操作期間所形成之經轉變的表面物種106。配位基會與經改質之表面層的分子/原子鍵結,而形成由圖1E處所示之經配位基取代的表面物種110所構成的反應產物,其可被釋出。
如圖1F處所示,脫附作用會驅使最外部層的表面物種110(配位基交換操作後的反應產物)自基板表面移除。在若干實施例中,可藉由施加熱能來達成釋出作用,可在對含配位基的反應物暴露之步驟的同時施加該熱能,或可在獨立的步驟中施加該熱能。
「ALE循環」的概念與本說明書中許多實施例的討論有關。一般而言,ALE循環為用以執行一次蝕刻處理(例如蝕刻單層)的最小操作組。一循環的結果為將基板表面上的膜層其中至少若干蝕刻掉。通常,一ALE循環包含改質操作,以形成反應性層;接著為移除操作,以僅將此經改質的層移除或蝕刻掉。可藉由使用化學吸附機制、沉積機制、頂部層轉變機制、或萃取機制來執行改質。循環可包含某些輔助操作,例如清除反應物或副產物其中一者。一般而言,一循環包含一專有次序之操作的一實例。例如,圖2繪示ALE循環的方法,其包含下列操作:(i)輸送反應物氣體(操作201)、(ii)選用性地將反應物氣體自腔室吹淨(操作203)、(iii)輸送移除氣體及選用的電漿(操作205)、及(iv)選用性地吹淨腔室(操作207)。ALE進一步的說明及範例係描述於申請日為2015年4月24日,發明名稱為「INTEGRATING ATOMIC SCALE PROCESSES: ALD (ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION) AND ALE (ATOMIC LAYER ETCH)」的美國專利申請案第14696254號中,該申請案係為了說明原子層蝕刻製程之目的而併入本說明書中以供參照。
圖3中提供依據本揭露內容的實施例來執行之方法的製程流程圖。在操作301-307期間,可使惰性氣體(例如氬氣)在背景環境中持續流動作為載氣。
在操作301中,將包含待蝕刻之材料的基板暴露於含氟電漿以改質基板的表面。
可藉由引入含氟氣體並引燃電漿來產生含氟電漿。例如,在若干實施例中,含氟氣體可為四氟化碳(CF4
)、三氟化氮(NF3
)、六氟化硫(SF6
)、氟(F2
)、或任何含氟氣體。在許多實施例中,CF4
可與O2
一起引入以在電漿中產生大量氟離子來蝕刻基板。在若干實施例中,流至腔室用以產生含氟電漿的氣體之總流量的約35%為O2
氣體。包含碳的其他含氟氣體在與另外的氣體一起引入以抑制碳化物形成的情況下可用於若干實施例中。例如,其他含氟氣體可具有化學式Cx
Hy
Fz
,其中x可為大於或等於1的任何整數,y可為大於或等於0的任何整數,而z可為大於或等於1的任何整數。範例包含三氟甲烷(CHF3
)及二氟甲烷(CH2
F2
)。在若干實施例中,可藉由使含氟液體汽化而產生含氟氣體。
在若干實施例中,未使基板圖案化。在許多實施例中,可使基板圖案化。基板可包含電晶體結構,其可包含額外的閘極層,例如阻障氧化物或蝕刻停止層。例如,基板可包含在FinFET電晶體之鰭片之上的氧化鋁層。在若干實施例中,基板可包含3D NAND結構,其中在形成於該結構中的溝槽底部具有金屬氧化物蝕刻停止層,如此一來金屬氧化物蝕刻停止層係為待蝕刻的材料。在許多實施例中,基板上的特徵部可具有約1.5:1與約5:1間的縱橫比。
操作301中的電漿可現地產生或可為遠端電漿。在許多實施例中,電漿係現地產生,以產生感應耦合電漿。
在許多實施例中,基板包含金屬氧化物、金屬氮化物、金屬磷化物、金屬硫化物、金屬砷化物、或待蝕刻的金屬層。範例包含氧化鋁(Al2
O3
)及氧化鉿。應注意,在許多實施例中,使用所揭露的實施例可能不會蝕刻含矽材料(例如:矽氧化物、矽氮化物、矽碳化物、矽等),此情況有助於達成蝕刻選擇性,尤其是當蝕刻例如FinFET電晶體結構上的鰭片之上的犧牲性閘極氧化物層之材料時。雖然應瞭解所揭露的實施例可用以蝕刻各種材料,但圖1將針對蝕刻氧化鋁來說明。
在許多實施例中,可在未施加偏壓的情況下執行操作301,以容許基板表面的等向改質。應注意,雖然所揭露的實施例可用以執行等向性蝕刻,但使用所揭露的實施例藉由在操作301期間施加偏壓,亦可執行非等向性蝕刻製程。本說明書中針對圖1所說明的範例將針對等向性地蝕刻氧化鋁來說明。
在不局限於特定理論的情況下,在操作301期間,可以含氟電漿等向性地氟化金屬氧化物表面(例如氧化鋁表面)以改質氧化鋁之表面,以形成鋁氟化物(例如:AlF3
)。可改質氧化鋁表面的一或數個單層以形成鋁氟化物。改質操作可能會受到擴散深度所限制。可在約10 mTorr與約100 mTorr間(例如約20 mTorr)的腔室壓力下將基板暴露於含氟電漿達少於約15秒但多於0秒的持續時間。
應注意,在若干實施例中,在執行操作301後,可不吹淨容置基板的腔室。在若干實施例中,可吹淨基板。
在操作303中,將基板暴露於乙醯丙酮錫(II)(Sn(acac)2
)蒸氣。在許多實施例中,在將蒸氣輸送至基板之前,可在外部汽化器中使Sn(acac)2
汽化。
在不局限於特定理論的情況下,一般認為當經改質的AlF3
表面暴露於Sn(acac)2
蒸氣時會發生配位基交換反應,如此一來Sn(acac)2
上的一個acac配位基會取代AlF3
分子上的一個氟原子,而形成AlF2
(acac)。額外的Sn(acac)2
及/或Sn(acac)接著可再次與AlF2
(acac)反應兩次,以用acac取代第二個及第三個氟原子,而產生Al(acac)3
,其為揮發性的,且因此可自基板被蝕刻。由於配位基交換反應被推論為在AlF3
頂部的單層(例如暴露於Sn(acac)2
蒸氣的第一單層)中會具有較快的蝕刻速率,反應為自限制的,且某些錫、錫氟化物、錫氧化物、及Sn(acac)2
可開始積聚於待蝕刻的材料之表面,因而阻斷進一步蝕刻任何經改質的AlF3
下層。
在許多實施例中,可在相同腔室中執行操作301及303。在操作303中,關閉電漿,且可在開啟蒸氣流動之前關閉含氟氣體流動。於在操作303之前不吹淨腔室且無電漿的情況下,含氟氣體的存在可不影響蝕刻機制。相反地,可單獨選擇含氟氣體,使該含氟氣體不會在氣體時與待蝕刻的材料反應,且亦不會與操作303中所使用的蒸氣反應。
在若干實施例中,可在相同設備的不同腔室中執行操作301及303。圖4依據本揭露內容之實施例,概念上繪示具有用於執行ALE操作之複數腔室的設備。在許多實施例中,基板可在用以於操作301中暴露於含氟電漿的第一腔室401與用於暴露於Sn(acac)2
蒸氣的第二腔室403之間穿梭或移動。在若干實施例中,第二腔室403係為氣相沉積腔室。在若干實施例中,第二腔室403係為不包含電漿源的改質腔室。應注意,可在不破壞真空的情況下執行基板在腔室間的移動或穿梭。
在替代的實施例中,可將基板暴露於氣相的另一化學物,該化學物對金屬氟化物具選擇性,但不會與金屬氧化物反應。該化學物可包含與金屬氟化物反應時會產生揮發性化合物的一或更多配位基,其中該揮發性化合物包含鍵結至該配位基之金屬。
可執行操作303達約1秒的持續時間,其中固持晶圓的晶圓固持器或基座之溫度設定至約200°C的溫度。在許多實施例中,暴露於Sn(acac)2
蒸氣之步驟結束時的腔室壓力可為約20 mTorr。
在操作305中,可將基板暴露於電漿處理。在不局限於特定理論的情況下,一般認為操作305係執行以使積聚於基板之表面上的錫、錫氟化物、或錫氧化物(其可從執行操作303累積)揮發。將基板暴露於氫可形成錫水合物,該錫水合物在所選的基板溫度下為揮發性的,且該錫水合物接著可自處理腔室被泵抽出。可將基板暴露於電漿處理達多於0秒且少於5秒的持續時間。電漿暴露的持續時間可取決於表面上之錫的量。例如,在若干實施例中,可藉由估量放射光譜中的錫光譜線來測定錫的量。在若干實施例中,當放射光譜中的錫光譜線消失時可關閉電漿。在若干實施例中,將基板暴露於電漿達約5秒。在若干實施例中,將基板暴露於電漿達大於約5秒的持續時間。在許多實施例中,電漿處理可包含引入氫氣並引燃電漿。可在與執行操作301及303相同的腔室中執行操作305。應注意,雖然執行操作305可為將基板暴露於氫電漿,但在若干實施例中,可使用不同的化學物來移除積聚於待蝕刻的材料之表面上的錫或錫氧化物。例如,在若干實施例中,可使用氨(NH3
)電漿。
在若干實施例中,可在獨立的腔室中執行操作305。例如,在若干實施例中,可使基板移動或穿梭至執行操作301的第一站/腔室401,或可使基板移動或穿梭至第三站/腔室405以執行操作305。應注意,可在不破壞真空的情況下執行基板在腔室間的移動或穿梭。
在操作307中,判定所蝕刻的量是否足以達到所需的待蝕刻量。若尚未達到所需的剩餘厚度,則可選用性地重複操作301-305。應注意,在若干實施例中,僅在執行操作301及303每n循環才執行操作305,其中n為大於或等於1的整數。當n為1時,在每個循環中都執行操作305。在許多實施例中,在每個循環中都執行操作305。在另一範例中,執行操作301及303每2循環(當n為2)可執行操作305,如此一來可執行下列操作以蝕刻基板:(1)暴露於含氟電漿、(2)暴露於Sn(acac)2
蒸氣、(3)暴露於含氟電漿、(4)暴露於Sn(acac)2
蒸氣、(5)暴露於氫電漿、以及(6)重複(1)-(5)。
圖5依據圖3繪示一方法,但其中重複氟暴露(操作501)及Sn(acac)2
暴露(操作503)直至已達成n數目的循環為止(操作505)。接著執行氫電漿暴露(操作507)。重複整個順序直至達成所需蝕刻量為止(操作509)。
所揭露的實施例會造成受到高度控制且具高程度均勻性的蝕刻方法。所揭露的實施例可用以執行各種材料的等向性蝕刻,且亦可被修改以藉由施加約20 Vb
與約80 Vb
間(例如約50 Vb
)的偏壓來執行非等向性蝕刻。
本說明書中所述的各種實施例可在電漿蝕刻腔室(例如可自加州費利蒙的Lam Research Corporation取得之Kiyo)中執行。在許多實施例中,可在不破壞真空的情況下使基板穿梭於蝕刻腔室與汽化腔室之間。
可在任何合適的腔室或設備(例如可自加州費利蒙的Lam Research Corporation取得之Kiyo®或Flex)中執行所揭露的實施例。在若干實施例中,可在包含一或更多站的群集工具中執行所揭露的實施例。圖6依據本揭露內容之實施例,繪示群集工具600。在許多實施例中,一個站601可包含用於蝕刻的模組,而另一站603包含用於汽化的模組(例如汽化腔室)。在若干實施例中,第三站605包含用於暴露於電漿的模組。
在若干實施例中,可使用感應耦合電漿 (ICP, inductively coupled plasma)反應器。如此的ICP反應器已描述於申請日為2013年12月10日,發明名稱為「IMAGE REVERSAL WITH AHM GAP FILL FOR MULTIPLE PATTERNING」的美國專利申請公開案第20140170853號中,該申請案係為了說明適用於本說明書中所述技術之實施例的ICP反應器之目的而併入本說明書中以供參照。雖然本說明書中描述ICP反應器,但在若干實施例中,應瞭解,亦可使用電容耦合電漿反應器。參照圖7,範例蝕刻腔室或設備可包含腔室701(其具有用於將含氟氣體(705)、氫氣(707)、或Sn(acac)2
蒸氣(709)或其他化學物分配至腔室701的噴淋頭或噴嘴703)、腔室壁711、卡盤713(其用於固持待處理之基板或晶圓715,且可包含用於夾持晶圓及解除夾持晶圓並可使用RF電源717來供電的靜電電極)、配置以將功率供應至線圈721以產生電漿的RF電源719、以及用於使如本說明書中所述之氣體進入的氣流入口。在許多實施例中,腔室壁711可為抗氟的。例如,腔室壁711可塗覆有含矽材料(例如矽或矽氧化物)或含碳材料(例如金剛石)或其組合,如此一來可使含氟氣體及/或電漿不蝕刻腔室壁711。可使用於化學吸附(例如用於產生含氟電漿的含氟氣體)及/或蒸氣暴露(例如Sn(acac)2
)的改質化學物氣體流至腔室701。在若干實施例中,可使氫氣707流至腔室以產生氫電漿,以移除錫或錫氧化物殘留物。在若干實施例中,加熱腔室壁以維持利用氫電漿清潔壁部的效率。在若干實施例中,設備可包含不只一個腔室,其中各腔室可用以蝕刻、沉積、或處理基板。腔室或設備可包含用於控制腔室或設備之操作其中若干或全部的系統控制器723,該等操作例如調整腔室壓力、惰性氣體流量、電漿功率、電漿頻率、反應性氣體(例如:含氟氣體、Sn(acac)2
蒸氣等)流量、偏壓功率、溫度、真空設定、及其他製程條件。
圖8依據本揭露內容之實施例,顯示用於控制上述系統的控制模組800。例如,控制模組800可包含處理器、記憶體、及一或更多介面。部分基於感測值,控制模組800可用以控制系統中的裝置。僅作為舉例,基於感測值及其他控制參數,控制模組800可控制閥802、過濾器加熱器804、泵浦806、及其他裝置808其中一或更多者。僅作為舉例,控制模組800接收來自壓力計810、流量計812、溫度感測器814、及/或其他感測器816的感測值。控制模組800亦可用於控制反應物輸送及電漿處理期間的製程條件。控制模組800通常將包含一或更多記憶體裝置及一或更多處理器。
控制模組800可控制反應物輸送系統及電漿處理設備之作業。控制模組800執行包含用於控制下列各者之指令組的電腦程式:特定製程的製程時序、輸送系統溫度、橫跨過濾器之壓力差、閥位置、氣體混合物、腔室壓力、腔室溫度、晶圓溫度、RF功率位準、晶圓ESC或基座位置、及其他參數。控制模組800亦可監控壓力差,且自動將氣相反應物的輸送自一或更多路徑切換至一或更多其他路徑。在若干實施例中,可使用儲存於與控制模組800相關聯之記憶體裝置上的其他電腦程式。
通常,存在有與控制模組800相關聯的使用者介面。使用者介面可包含顯示器818(例如:顯示螢幕、及/或設備及/或製程條件的圖形軟體顯示器)、及使用者輸入裝置820(例如:指向裝置、鍵盤、觸控螢幕、麥克風等)。
可以任何習知電腦可讀程式設計語言撰寫用於控制製程序列中之反應物輸送、電漿處理及其他製程的電腦程式碼,其中該程式設計語言例如:組合語言、C、C++、Pascal、Fortran或其他。藉由處理器執行經編譯的目標碼或腳本以執行在程式中所識別之任務。
控制模組參數係關於製程條件,例如過濾器壓力差、製程氣體組成及流率、溫度、壓力、電漿條件(例如RF功率位準及低頻RF頻率)、冷卻氣體壓力、及腔室壁溫度。
可以許多不同的方式來設計或配置系統軟體。例如,可撰寫各種腔室元件子程序或控制目標,以控制對實行發明性蝕刻製程而言所必要之腔室元件的操作。用於此目的之程式或程式片段的範例包含基板定位碼、製程氣體控制碼、壓力控制碼、加熱器控制碼、及電漿控制碼。
儘管已為了清楚理解之目的而詳加敘述前述實施例,但顯而易見的,在所揭露之實施例的範圍內,可實施某些變更及修改。應注意,實施本實施例之製程、系統、及設備有許多替代方式。因此,應將本發明實施例視為說明性的,而非限制性的,且不將該等實施例限於本說明書中所提出的細節。
100‧‧‧基板的表面 102‧‧‧最外部層 104‧‧‧表面轉變反應物 106‧‧‧官能化之最外部層/經改質的表面/經轉變的表面物種 108‧‧‧含配位基的反應物 110‧‧‧經配位基取代的表面物種/最外部層的表面物種 201‧‧‧操作 203‧‧‧操作 205‧‧‧操作 207‧‧‧操作 301‧‧‧操作 303‧‧‧操作 305‧‧‧操作 307‧‧‧操作 401‧‧‧第一腔室/第一站 403‧‧‧第二腔室 405‧‧‧第三站/第三腔室 501‧‧‧操作 503‧‧‧操作 505‧‧‧操作 507‧‧‧操作 509‧‧‧操作 600‧‧‧群集工具 601‧‧‧站 603‧‧‧站 605‧‧‧站 701‧‧‧腔室 703‧‧‧噴淋頭或噴嘴 705‧‧‧含氟氣體 707‧‧‧氫氣 709‧‧‧Sn(acac)2
蒸氣 711‧‧‧腔室壁 713‧‧‧卡盤 715‧‧‧待處理之基板或晶圓 717‧‧‧射頻電源 719‧‧‧射頻電源 721‧‧‧線圈 723‧‧‧系統控制器 800‧‧‧控制模組 802‧‧‧閥 804‧‧‧過濾器加熱器 806‧‧‧泵浦 808‧‧‧其他裝置 810‧‧‧壓力計 812‧‧‧流量計 814‧‧‧溫度感測器 816‧‧‧其他感測器 818‧‧‧顯示器 820‧‧‧輸入裝置
圖1A-1F依據本揭露內容之實施例,概念上繪示ALE製程順序。
圖2依據本揭露內容之實施例,繪示ALE循環的方法。
圖3依據本揭露內容之實施例,繪示執行ALE之方法的製程流程圖。
圖4依據本揭露內容之實施例,概念上繪示具有用於執行ALE操作之複數腔室的設備。
圖5依據本揭露內容之實施例,繪示依據圖3之實施例的方法,但其中重複氟暴露及Sn(acac)2
暴露直至已達到n數目的循環為止。
圖6依據本揭露內容之實施例,繪示群集工具600。
圖7依據本揭露內容之實施例,繪示用於處理ALE的範例腔室。
圖8依據本揭露內容之實施例,顯示用於控制上述系統的控制模組。
301‧‧‧操作
303‧‧‧操作
305‧‧‧操作
307‧‧‧操作
Claims (18)
- 一種在基板上執行原子層蝕刻(ALE, atomic layer etching)的方法,其包含: (a) 在該基板的表面上執行表面改質操作,該表面改質操作係安排以將該基板的表面之至少一單層轉換為經改質的層; (b) 在該基板的表面上執行移除操作,該移除操作係安排以自該基板的表面移除該經改質的層,其中經由配位基交換反應來進行移除該經改質的層之操作,該配位基交換反應係安排以使該經改質的層揮發; (c) 在該移除操作之後,在該基板的表面上執行電漿處理,該電漿處理係安排以自該基板的表面移除由該移除操作所產生的殘留物,其中藉由該電漿處理而使該殘留物揮發; (d) 重複操作(a)至操作(c)直至已自該基板的表面蝕刻預定的厚度為止。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之在基板上執行ALE的方法,其中執行該表面改質操作包含將該基板的表面暴露於含氟電漿,其中暴露於該含氟電漿的該操作係安排以將該基板的表面之該至少一單層轉換為氟化物物種。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之在基板上執行ALE的方法, 其中該基板的表面包含金屬、金屬氧化物、金屬氮化物、金屬磷化物、金屬硫化物、或金屬砷化物; 其中暴露於該含氟電漿的該操作會形成金屬氟化物。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之在基板上執行ALE的方法,其中將該基板的表面暴露於該含氟電漿的該操作包含將含氟氣體引至放置該基板的腔室中,並引燃電漿。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之在基板上執行ALE的方法,其中在約10 mTorr至500 mTorr的腔室壓力下執行暴露於該含氟電漿的該操作達少於約15秒的持續時間。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之在基板上執行ALE的方法,其中執行該移除操作包含將該基板的表面暴露於乙醯丙酮錫(II)(Sn(acac)2 )蒸氣,暴露於該Sn(acac)2 蒸氣的該操作係安排以用acac配位基交換該經改質的層中之氟原子。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之在基板上執行ALE的方法,其中將該基板的表面暴露於該Sn(acac)2 蒸氣的該操作包含將Sn(acac)2 以氣相引至放置該基板的腔室中。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之在基板上執行ALE的方法,其中執行暴露於該Sn(acac)2 蒸氣的該操作達約1秒至30秒的持續時間。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之在基板上執行ALE的方法,其中執行該電漿處理包含將該基板的表面暴露於氫電漿,暴露於該氫電漿的該操作係安排以使該基板的表面上之錫、錫氟化物、或錫氧化物殘留物揮發。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之在基板上執行ALE的方法,其中將該基板的表面暴露於該氫電漿的該操作包含將氫氣引至放置該基板的腔室中,並引燃電漿。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項之在基板上執行ALE的方法,其中執行暴露於該氫電漿的該操作達約1秒至30秒的持續時間。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之在基板上執行ALE的方法, 其中在第一腔室中執行操作(a); 其中在第二腔室中執行操作(b)。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項之在基板上執行ALE的方法,其中在該第一腔室中執行操作(c)。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項之在基板上執行ALE的方法,其中在第三腔室中執行操作(c)。
- 一種在基板上執行原子層蝕刻(ALE, atomic layer etching)的方法,其包含: (a) 在該基板的表面上執行表面改質操作,該表面改質操作係安排以將該基板的表面之至少一單層轉換為經改質的層; (b) 在該基板的表面上執行移除操作,該移除操作係安排以自該基板的表面移除該經改質的層,其中經由配位基交換反應來進行移除該經改質的層之操作,該配位基交換反應係安排以使該經改質的層揮發; (c) 重複操作(a)及操作(b)達預定數目的循環; (d) 在操作(c)之後,在該基板的表面上執行電漿處理,該電漿處理係安排以自該基板的表面移除由該移除操作所產生的殘留物,其中藉由該電漿處理而使該殘留物揮發; (e) 重複操作(a)至操作(d)直至已自該基板的表面蝕刻預定的厚度為止。
- 如申請專利範圍第15項之在基板上執行ALE的方法,其中執行該表面改質操作包含將該基板的表面暴露於含氟電漿,其中暴露於該含氟電漿的該操作係安排以將該基板的表面之該至少一單層轉換為氟化物物種; 其中執行該移除操作包含將該基板的表面暴露於乙醯丙酮錫(II)(Sn(acac)2 )蒸氣,暴露於該Sn(acac)2 蒸氣的該操作係安排以用acac配位基交換該經改質的層中之氟原子; 其中執行該電漿處理包含將該基板的表面暴露於氫電漿,暴露於該氫電漿的該操作係安排以使該基板的表面上之錫、錫氟化物、或錫氧化物殘留物揮發。
- 如申請專利範圍第16項之在基板上執行ALE的方法, 其中該基板的表面包含金屬、金屬氧化物、金屬氮化物、金屬磷化物、金屬硫化物、或金屬砷化物; 其中暴露於該含氟電漿的該操作會形成金屬氟化物。
- 如申請專利範圍第16項之在基板上執行ALE的方法, 其中在約10 mTorr至500 mTorr的腔室壓力下執行暴露於該含氟電漿的該操作達少於約15秒的持續時間; 其中執行暴露於該Sn(acac)2 蒸氣的該操作達約1秒至30秒的持續時間; 其中執行暴露於該氫電漿的該操作達約1秒至30秒的持續時間。
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