TW201706223A - 顯示器用玻璃基板及其製造方法 - Google Patents

顯示器用玻璃基板及其製造方法 Download PDF

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TW201706223A
TW201706223A TW105120827A TW105120827A TW201706223A TW 201706223 A TW201706223 A TW 201706223A TW 105120827 A TW105120827 A TW 105120827A TW 105120827 A TW105120827 A TW 105120827A TW 201706223 A TW201706223 A TW 201706223A
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glass
glass substrate
display
temperature
strain point
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TWI687382B (zh
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Manabu Ichikawa
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Avanstrate Inc
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    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00Glass compositions
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Abstract

本發明提供一種將失透溫度抑制得較低並且滿足高應變點之玻璃基板及其製造方法。 顯示器用玻璃基板包含如下玻璃,該玻璃含有SiO2、Al2O3,以質量%表示,B2O3為0%以上且未達3%,BaO為5~14%,實質上不含有Sb2O3,失透溫度為1235℃以下,且應變點為720℃以上。或者包含如下玻璃,該玻璃含有SiO2、Al2O3,以質量%表示,B2O3為0%以上且未達3%,MgO為1.8%以上,BaO為5~14%,實質上不含有Sb2O3,(SiO2+MgO+CaO)-(Al2O3+SrO+BaO)未達42%,失透溫度為1260℃以下,且應變點為720℃以上。顯示器用玻璃基板之製造方法包含:熔解步驟,其係至少使用直接通電加熱使調製成特定組成之玻璃原料熔解;成形步驟,其係使於上述熔解步驟中熔解所得之熔融玻璃成形為平板狀玻璃;及緩冷步驟,其係使上述平板狀玻璃緩冷,並且以降低上述平板狀玻璃之熱收縮率之方式控制上述平板狀玻璃之冷卻條件。

Description

顯示器用玻璃基板及其製造方法
本發明係關於一種顯示器用玻璃基板及其製造方法。本發明尤其係關於一種低溫多晶矽薄膜電晶體(以下,記載為LTPS-TFT(Low-Temperature-Polycrystalline-Silicon Thin-Film-Transistor))顯示器用玻璃基板。又,本發明係關於一種氧化物半導體薄膜電晶體(以下,記載為OS-TFT(Oxide-Semiconductor Thin-Film-Transistor))顯示器用玻璃基板。進而詳細而言,本發明係關於一種上述顯示器為液晶顯示器之顯示器用玻璃基板。或本發明係關於一種上述顯示器為有機EL(Electroluminescence,電致發光)顯示器之顯示器用玻璃基板。進而,本發明係關於一種上述顯示器為平板顯示器之平板顯示器用玻璃基板。
[相關申請之相互參照]
本申請主張2015年6月30日申請之日本專利特願2015-131780號之優先權,其等之全部記載尤其係作為揭示而被援用至本文中。
就可降低消耗功率等理由而言,行動裝置等所搭載之顯示器期待將LTPS應用於製造薄膜電晶體(TFT),於LTPS-TFT之製造中,必需400~600℃之相對較高溫下之熱處理。另一方面,近年來逐漸要求小型行動裝置之顯示器高精細化。因此,引起像素之間距偏差之製造顯示器面板時所產生之玻璃基板之熱收縮成為問題。又,即便於形成有OS-TFT之玻璃基板中,同樣地抑制熱收縮亦成為課題。
玻璃基板之熱收縮率通常可藉由提高玻璃之應變點、提高玻璃轉移點(以下稱為Tg)、或者減緩緩冷速度而降低。根據此種情況,揭示有為了降低熱收縮率而提高玻璃之應變點之技術(專利文獻1)。又,揭示有調整緩冷點至應變點附近之溫度區域下之平均密度曲線之斜率與平均線膨脹係數之比而減少熱收縮之技術(專利文獻2)。又,揭示有為了降低熱收縮率而提高Tg之技術(專利文獻3)。進而,由於近年來逐漸要求顯示器面板之高精細化,故而專利文獻3之技術成為不充分之熱收縮率之降低。為此,亦揭示有將玻璃之應變點設為725。℃以上之技術(專利文獻4)。
專利文獻1:日本專利特開2010-6649號公報
專利文獻2:日本專利特開2004-315354號公報
專利文獻3:日本專利特開2011-126728號公報
專利文獻4:日本專利特開2012-106919號公報
專利文獻1~4之全部記載尤其係作為揭示而被援用至本文中。
近年來,由於逐漸要求高精細化,故而要求進一步縮小熱收縮率。於為了進一步縮小熱收縮率而提高玻璃基板之應變點之情形時,必須使玻璃中之SiO2或Al2O3之含量增多,結果,有熔融玻璃之比電阻上升之傾向。近年來,存在為了使玻璃於溶解槽中有效率地熔解而使用直接通電加熱之情況。於使用直接通電加熱之情形時,若熔融玻璃之比電阻上升,則有電流並非流過熔融玻璃而是流過構成熔解槽之耐火物,結果會導致產生熔解槽熔損之問題之虞變得明確。然而,於上述專利文獻1所記載之發明中,關於熔融玻璃之比電阻並未做任何考慮。因此,於欲經過基於直接通電加熱之熔融製造專利文獻1所記載之玻璃之情形時,嚴重擔心會產生上述熔解槽熔損之問題。進而, 由於近年來逐漸要求高精細化,進而要求提高玻璃之應變點,因此上述問題變得更加顯著。
又,由於上述專利文獻2所揭示之玻璃之應變點為682~699℃,故而為了設為使熱收縮充分地縮小般之平均密度曲線之斜率,必須使緩冷速度極慢,而存在生產性降低之問題。進而,專利文獻2所揭示之玻璃由於失透溫度為1287℃以上,故而亦存在容易產生失透之問題。又,上述問題於使用下拉法進行成形之情形時變得尤其顯著。
進而,於使用玻璃基板之顯示器之製造中要求提高生產性,例如亦要求提高將形成有薄膜電晶體之玻璃基板製成薄板之步驟之生產性。將玻璃基板製成薄板之步驟之生產性較大地依賴玻璃基板之蝕刻所耗之時間。因此,要求顯示器玻璃基板同時實現蝕刻速率之上升所帶來之生產性之提高及熱收縮率之降低。然而,關於上述專利文獻4所記載之玻璃基板,應變點雖較高,但仍存在並未顧慮到蝕刻速率之問題。
因此,本發明之目的在於提供一種將失透溫度抑制得較低並且滿足高應變點之玻璃基板、及其製造方法。本發明之目的尤其在於提供一種適合使用LTPS-TFT或者OS-TFT之顯示器之顯示器用玻璃基板及其製造方法。
本發明如以下所述。
[1]
一種顯示器用玻璃基板,其包含如下玻璃,該玻璃含有SiO2、Al2O3,以質量%表示,B2O3為0%以上且未達3%,BaO為5~14%, 實質上不含有Sb2O3,失透溫度為1235℃以下,且應變點為720℃以上。
[2]
一種顯示器用玻璃基板,其包含如下玻璃,該玻璃含有SiO2、Al2O3,以質量%表示,B2O3為0%以上且未達3%,MgO為1.8%以上,BaO為5~14%,實質上不含有Sb2O3,(SiO2+MgO+CaO)-(Al2O3+SrO+BaO)未達42%,失透溫度為1260℃以下,且應變點為720℃以上。
[3]
如[1]至[2]中任一項之玻璃基板,其中上述玻璃基板於500℃之溫度下保持30分鐘,其後放冷至常溫之情形時之由下述式所表示之熱收縮率為15ppm以下。
熱收縮率(ppm)={熱處理前後之玻璃之收縮量/熱處理前之玻璃之長度}×106
[4]
如[1]至[3]中任一項之玻璃基板,其中上述玻璃基板之蝕刻速率大於75μm/h。
[5]
如[1]至[4]中任一項之玻璃基板,其係於玻璃基板表面形成有使用低溫多晶矽或氧化物半導體而形成之薄膜電晶體之平板顯示器用玻 璃基板。
[6]
一種顯示器用玻璃基板之製造方法,其製造如[1]至[5]中任一項之玻璃基板,且包含:熔解步驟,其係至少使用直接通電加熱使調製成特定組成之玻璃原料熔解;成形步驟,其係使於上述熔解步驟中熔解所得之熔融玻璃成形為平板狀玻璃;及緩冷步驟,其係使上述平板狀玻璃緩冷,並且以降低上述平板狀玻璃之熱收縮率之方式控制上述平板狀玻璃之冷卻條件。
根據上述本發明之玻璃基板,可製造將失透溫度抑制得較低並且滿足高應變點之玻璃基板。藉此,可以較高之生產性提供可減少製造顯示器時之熱收縮之顯示器用玻璃基板、尤其是適合使用LTPS-TFT或OS-TFT之平板顯示器之顯示器用玻璃基板。
於本案說明書中,關於玻璃之組成,只要未特別說明,則含量係以質量%表示,以%表示含量者意指質量%。構成玻璃組成之成分之比係以質量比表示。
本發明之顯示器用玻璃基板(第一態樣)包含如下玻璃,該玻璃含有SiO2、Al2O3,以質量%表示,B2O3為0%以上且未達3%, BaO為5~14%,實質上不含有Sb2O3,失透溫度為1235℃以下,且應變點為720℃以上。
本發明之顯示器用玻璃基板(第二態樣)包含如下玻璃,該玻璃含有SiO2、Al2O3,以質量%表示,B2O3為0%以上且未達3%,MgO為1.8%以上,BaO為5~14%,實質上不含有Sb2O3,(SiO2+MgO+CaO)-(Al2O3+SrO+BaO)未達42%,失透溫度為1260℃以下,且應變點為720℃以上。
以下,對本實施形態之顯示器用玻璃基板之實施形態進行說明。再者,只要未特別說明,則以下之說明對本發明之第一態樣及第二態樣共通。
構成本發明之顯示器用玻璃基板之玻璃含有SiO2及Al2O3
SiO2係玻璃之骨架成分,因此為必需成分。若含量減少,則有應變點降低、熱膨脹係數增加之傾向。又,若SiO2含量過少,則難以使玻璃基板低密度化。另一方面,若SiO2含量過多,則有熔融玻璃之比電阻上升、熔融溫度顯著增高而難以熔解之傾向。進而,若SiO2含量過多,則蝕刻速率減慢。就此種觀點而言,可適當調整SiO2之含量。玻璃之SiO2含量例如較佳為40~80%之範圍。SiO2之含量更佳為50~75%或者50~70%、進一步較佳為52~68%、進而進一步更佳為55~65%之範圍。
Al2O3係提高應變點之必需成分。若Al2O3含量過少,則應變點降低。進而,若Al2O3含量過少,則有楊氏模數及利用酸進行之蝕刻速率亦降低之傾向。另一方面,若Al2O3含量過多,則玻璃之失透溫度上升,耐失透性降低,因此有成形性變差之傾向。就此種觀點而言,可適當調整。玻璃之Al2O3之含量例如為10~35%之範圍。Al2O3之含量較佳為13~30%,更佳為15~25%,更佳為15~23%,進而較佳為16~22%之範圍。
B2O3係使玻璃之高溫黏性降低而改善熔融性之成分。即,使熔融溫度附近下之黏性降低,因此改善熔解性。又,B2O3亦為使失透溫度降低之成分。若B2O3含量較少,則有熔解性及耐失透性降低之傾向。若B2O3含量過多,則應變點及楊氏模數降低。又,因玻璃成形時之B2O3之揮發而容易產生失透。尤其是應變點較高之玻璃具有成型溫度增高之傾向,故而促進上述揮發而產生失透會成為顯著之問題。又,因玻璃熔解時之B2O3之揮發而導致玻璃之不均質變得顯著,從而容易產生脈理。就此種觀點而言,B2O3含量為0%以上且未達3%。B2O3含量較佳為0~2.8%,更佳為0~2.6%,進而較佳為0.1~2.4%、進一步較佳為0.3~2.2%、進一步更佳為0.5~2.0%之範圍。
MgO係提高熔解性之成分,於本發明之第二態樣中係必需成分。又,於鹼土金屬中係難以使密度增加之成分,因此若使其含量相對地增加,則容易實現低密度化。若含有MgO,則可降低熔融玻璃之比電阻及熔融溫度。但是,若MgO之含量過多,則玻璃之失透溫度急遽上升,故而尤其容易於成形步驟中失透。就此種觀點而言,於本發明之第二態樣中,MgO含量為1.8~15%,較佳為1.8~13%、更佳為1.9~10%、進而較佳為1.9~7%之範圍。或者,於本發明之第一態樣中,MgO含量較佳為0~15%、更佳為0~13%、進而較佳為0~10%之範圍。
CaO係並非為必需,但若含有,則對不會使玻璃之失透溫度急遽上升並使玻璃之熔解性提高有效之成分。又,於鹼土金屬氧化物中係難以使密度增加之成分,因此若使其含量相對地增加,則容易實現低密度化。若含量過少,則有產生熔融玻璃之比電阻之上升及耐失透性降低之傾向。若CaO含量過多,則有熱膨脹係數增加、密度上升之傾向。就此種觀點而言,CaO含量較佳為0~20%、更佳為0~15%、進而較佳為0~10%之範圍。
SrO係可降低玻璃之失透溫度之成分。SrO雖並非必需,但若含有,則耐失透性及熔解性提高。然而,若SrO含量過多,則密度會上升。就此種觀點而言,SrO含量為0~15%,較佳為0~10%、更佳為0~7%、進而較佳為0~5%、進一步較佳為0~3%之範圍。
BaO係可使玻璃之失透溫度及熔融玻璃之比電阻有效地降低之必需成分。若含有BaO,則耐失透性及熔解性提高。然而,若BaO之含量過多,則密度上升。又,就環境負荷之觀點、及具有熱膨脹係數增大之傾向之方面而言,BaO含量為5~14%之範圍。BaO含量較佳為6~13.5%,更佳為7~13%,進而較佳為8~12%,進一步較佳為8.5~12%之範圍。
MgO、CaO、SrO及BaO係使熔融玻璃之比電阻及熔融溫度降低而提高熔解性之成分。若MgO、CaO、SrO及BaO之含量之總量即MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO(以下表示成RO)過少,則熔解性惡化。若RO過多,則應變點及楊氏模數降低、密度及熱膨脹係數上升。就此種觀點而言,RO較佳為5~35%之範圍,更佳為9~30%、進而較佳為10~27%、進一步較佳為12~25%之範圍。
Li2O及Na2O係增大玻璃之熱膨脹係數而於熱處理時有使基板破損之虞之成分。又,Li2O及Na2O亦為使應變點降低之成分。另一方面,由於可使熔融玻璃之比電阻降低,因此藉由含有,可抑制熔解槽 被侵蝕。就以上觀點而言,Li2O之含量較佳為0~0.5%,更佳為實質上不含有。Na2O之含量較佳為0~0.5%,更佳為0~0.2%。再者,Na2O係與Li2O相比較不易使應變點降低之成分,因此較佳為Na2O>Li2O。再者,就防止自玻璃基板溶出而使TFT特性劣化之觀點而言,Li2O及Na2O較佳為實質上不含有。
K2O係提高玻璃之鹼性度、促進澄清性之成分。又,K2O係使熔融玻璃之比電阻降低之成分。若含有,則熔融玻璃之比電阻降低,故而可防止電流流過構成熔解槽之耐火物,從而可抑制熔解槽被侵蝕。 又,於構成熔解槽之耐火物含有氧化鋯之情形時,可抑制熔解槽被侵蝕而氧化鋯自熔解槽溶出至熔融玻璃,故而亦可抑制因氧化鋯而導致之失透。又,由於可使熔解溫度附近下之玻璃黏性降低,因此熔解性與澄清性提高。另一方面,若K2O含量過多,則有熱膨脹係數增大及應變點降低之傾向。就此種觀點而言,K2O含量較佳為0~0.8%、更佳為0.01~0.6%、進而較佳為0.1~0.5%之範圍。
Li2O、Na2O及K2O係提高玻璃之鹼性度、使澄清劑之氧化容易而發揮澄清性之成分。又,Li2O、Na2O及K2O係使熔融溫度下之黏性降低而提高熔解性之成分。又,Li2O、Na2O及K2O亦為使熔融玻璃之比電阻降低之成分。若含有Li2O、Na2O及K2O,則熔融玻璃之比電阻降低,澄清性及熔解性提高。尤其是可防止電流過度流過構成熔解槽之耐火物,從而可抑制熔解槽被侵蝕。又,於熔解槽含有氧化鋯之情形時,可抑制氧化鋯自熔解槽溶出至玻璃,故而亦可抑制因氧化鋯而導致之失透。又,由於使熔解玻璃之黏性降低,因此熔解性與澄清性提高。然而,若Li2O、Na2O及K2O之含量之總量過多,則有自玻璃基板溶出而使TFT特性劣化之虞。又,有應變點降低、熱膨脹係數增大之傾向。Li2O、Na2O及K2O之含量之總量(以下表示成R2O)較佳為1.0%以下,進而較佳為0.01~1.0%,進一步較佳為0.01~0.8%,進一步更 佳為0.1~0.5%。
ZrO2及TiO2係使玻璃之應變點提高之成分。然而,若ZrO2量及TiO2量變得過多,則失透溫度明顯上升,故而有耐失透性降低之傾向。尤其是ZrO2之熔點較高而難熔,故而會引起原料之一部分堆積於熔解槽之底部等問題。若該等未熔解之成分混入至玻璃生坯,則會作為內含物引起玻璃之品質惡化。又,TiO2係使玻璃著色之成分,因此對顯示器用基板而言欠佳。就此種觀點而言,於本實施形態之玻璃基板中,ZrO2及TiO2之含量分別較佳為0~10%、更佳為0~5%之範圍,進而較佳為實質上不含有。
ZnO係使熔解性提高之成分。但是,並非為必需成分。若ZnO含量變得過多,則有失透溫度上升、應變點降低、密度上升之傾向。就此種觀點而言,ZnO含量較佳為0~5%、更佳為0~2%之範圍,進而較佳為實質上不含有。
本實施形態之玻璃基板可包含澄清劑。作為澄清劑,只要為對環境之負荷較小且玻璃之澄清性優異者,則並無特別限制,例如可列舉選自Sn、Fe、Ce、Tb、Mo、及W之金屬氧化物之群中之至少1種。本實施形態之玻璃基板實質上不包含Sb2O3。藉由實質上不包含Sb2O3,可減少環境負荷。作為澄清劑,較佳為SnO2。若澄清劑之含量過少,則泡品質惡化,若過多,則存在導致失透或著色等之情形。澄清劑之含量亦取決於澄清劑之種類或玻璃之組成。例如SnO2、及Fe2O3之總量較佳為0.05~0.50%,更佳為0.05~0.40%。
SnO2係即便於1600℃以上亦可獲得澄清效果之澄清劑,且係可用於製造僅可含有微量之Li2O、Na2O及K2O之平板顯示器用玻璃基板(例如Li2O、Na2O及K2O之總量為0.01~0.8%)之少數澄清劑。然而,SnO2本身為容易產生失透之成分,並且係會促進其他成分產生失透之成分,故而就抑制失透之觀點而言,大量添加之情況欠佳。
又,應變點較高之玻璃(例如應變點為720℃以上之玻璃)與應變點較低之玻璃(例如應變點未達720℃之玻璃)相比較具有失透溫度容易增高之傾向,故而為了抑制失透,存在與應變點較低之玻璃相比較不得不提高成形步驟中之熔融玻璃之溫度之情形。此處,就耐蠕變性、耐熱性之觀點而言,溢流下拉法所使用之成形體較佳為包含含有氧化鋯之耐火物而構成。於採用溢流下拉作為成形方法之情形時,越要提高成形步驟中之熔融玻璃之溫度,必須亦使成形體之溫度上升。然而,若成形體之溫度增高,則存在氧化鋯自成形體溶出而容易產生該氧化鋯之失透之問題。又,尤其是於大量含有SnO2之玻璃中,具有容易產生因該氧化鋯而導致之SnO2之失透、因SnO2而導致之氧化鋯之失透之傾向。
進而,應變點較高之玻璃(例如應變點為720℃以上之玻璃)與應變點較低之玻璃(例如應變點未達720℃之玻璃)相比較,有使玻璃原料熔解之溫度亦容易增高之傾向。此處,就耐侵蝕性之觀點而言,進行熔解步驟之熔解槽較佳為包含含有氧化鋯之高氧化鋯系耐火物而構成。又,就能量效率之觀點而言,較佳為藉由電熔融或者電熔融與其他加熱方法之組合而使玻璃原料熔解。然而,於使本實施形態所記載般之高應變點且僅可含有微量之Li2O、Na2O及K2O之玻璃熔解之情形時,由於熔融玻璃之比電阻較大,故而電流會流過高氧化鋯系耐火物,而容易產生氧化鋯溶出至熔融玻璃中之問題。若氧化鋯溶出,則有容易產生上述氧化鋯之失透及SnO2之失透之傾向。
即,就抑制氧化鋯及SnO2之失透之觀點而言,於本實施形態之玻璃基板中,SnO2含有超過0.8%亦欠佳。就此種觀點而言,SnO2含量例如較佳為0.01以上且0.8%以下,較佳為0.02~0.6%,更佳為0.05~0.50%、進而較佳為0.05~0.40%之範圍。
Fe2O3係除具有作為澄清劑之作用以外亦會使熔融玻璃之比電阻 降低之成分。較佳為為了使熔融玻璃之比電阻降低而於高溫黏性較高、難熔解性之玻璃中含有。然而,若Fe2O3含量變得過多,則玻璃著色而透過率降低。因此Fe2O3含量為0~0.1%之範圍,較佳為0~0.08%、更佳為0.001~0.06%、進而較佳為0.001~0.05%、進一步較佳為0.001~0.04%之範圍。
於本實施形態中,澄清劑較佳為將SnO2與Fe2O3組合。就抑制失透之觀點而言,如上所述,大量含有SnO2欠佳。然而,為了充分地獲得澄清效果,要求含有特定值以上之澄清劑。因此,藉由將SnO2與Fe2O3併用,可於不使SnO2之含量多至產生失透之程度之情況下獲得充分之澄清效果,從而可製造泡較少之玻璃基板。SnO2與Fe2O3之總量較佳為0.05~0.50%之範圍,更佳為0.05~0.45%、進而較佳為0.05~0.40%之範圍。
若SnO2之含量相對於SnO2與Fe2O3之總量之質量比(SnO2/(SnO2+Fe2O3))過大,則容易產生失透,若過小,則存在無法獲得充分之澄清效果而導致玻璃著色之情形。因此,較佳為0.6~1.0之範圍,更佳為0.7~0.98之範圍。
就環境負荷之問題而言,本實施形態之玻璃基板較佳為實質上不含有As2O3。就環境負荷之問題而言,本實施形態之玻璃基板實質上不含有Sb2O3
就環境方面之原因而言,本實施形態之玻璃基板較佳為實質上不含有PbO及F。
再者,於本說明書中,所謂「實質上不含有」,意指於上述玻璃原料中未使用成為該等成分之原料之物質,並不排除以雜質之形式包含於其他成分之玻璃原料中之成分、自熔解槽、成形體等之製造裝置溶出至玻璃之成分之混入。
若SiO2之含量與Al2O3之1/4之含量之差SiO2-(1/4×Al2O3)之值過 大,則有蝕刻速率降低之虞。就此種觀點而言,SiO2-(1/4×Al2O3)為65以下。另一方面,若SiO2-(1/4×Al2O3)之值過小,則有耐失透性降低之虞。就此種觀點而言,SiO2-(1/4×Al2O3)較佳為40%~65%,進而較佳為45%~60%,進一步較佳為50%~55%。
SiO2、MgO及CaO之總量與Al2O3、SrO、BaO之差即(SiO2+MgO+CaO)-(Al2O3+SrO+BaO)成為蝕刻速率之指標,若值過大,則蝕刻速率降低。另一方面,若值過小,則耐失透性降低。就此種觀點而言,(SiO2+MgO+CaO)-(Al2O3+SrO+BaO)較佳為未達42%,更佳為41%以下、進而較佳為25~41%、進一步較佳為30~40%之範圍。
質量比(SiO2+Al2O3)/(B2O3+RO)主要成為應變點與耐失透性之指標。若值過小,則應變點降低。另一方面,若值過大,則熔解性及耐失透性降低。因此,質量比(SiO2+Al2O3)/(B2O3+RO)較佳為1~8、更佳為2~7、進而較佳為2.5~6.5、進一步較佳為3~6之範圍。
B2O3+RO+ZnO主要成為溶解性之指標。若值過小,則溶解性降低。另一方面,若值過大,則應變點降低、熱膨脹係數增加。就此種觀點而言,B2O3+RO+ZnO較佳為5~35%之範圍,更佳為9~30%、進而較佳為12~28%、進一步較佳為15~25%之範圍。
若SiO2之含量與Al2O3之含量之總量即SiO2+Al2O3過少,則有應變點降低之傾向,若過多,則有耐失透性惡化之傾向。因此SiO2+Al2O3較佳為70~90%,較佳為73~88%、更佳為75~85%、進而較佳為77~83%之範圍。
質量比B2O3/(SiO2+Al2O3)主要成為溶解性、耐失透性、應變點之指標。若B2O3/(SiO2+Al2O3)過大,則應變點降低。另一方面,若B2O3/(SiO2+Al2O3)過小,則具有溶解性及耐失透性惡化之傾向。B2O3/(SiO2+Al2O3)較佳為0~0.050、更佳為0~0.045、進而較佳為0.001~0.040、進一步較佳為0.005~0.035之範圍。
若質量比SiO2/Al2O3之值過大,則有蝕刻速率降低之虞,若值過小,則有耐失透性降低之虞。就此種觀點而言,質量比SiO2/Al2O3較佳為1.5~4.5,更佳為2.0~4.0、進而較佳為2.5~3.7之範圍。再者,於具有SiO2+Al2O3之值接近之組成之玻璃中,蝕刻速率更顯著地依賴SiO2/Al2O3。就兼顧高應變點、耐失透性、蝕刻速率之觀點而言,較佳為SiO2+Al2O3為70~90%且SiO2/Al2O3為1.5~4.5,更佳為SiO2+Al2O3為73~88%且SiO2/Al2O3為2.0~4.0之範圍。
B2O3及RO均為使溶解性良化之成分。B2O3具有使耐失透性良化之效果,但若過多,則應變點降低。另一方面,RO具有使玻璃之比電阻降低之效果,但若過多,則耐失透性降低。就兼顧溶解性與耐失透性之觀點而言,質量比B2O3/RO較佳為處於0~0.5之範圍,更佳為0~0.4、進而較佳為0.01~0.3、進一步較佳為0.02~0.2之範圍。
質量比BaO/RO之值過小或過大,失透溫度均會上升。又,若BaO/RO之值增大,則楊氏模數下降,進而密度上升,比電阻亦上升。因此,質量比BaO/RO較佳為0~0.9,較佳為0.1~0.85、更佳為0.2~0.8之範圍。
質量比(3×BaO)/(MgO+CaO+SrO)之值過小或過大,失透溫度均會上升。另一方面,若(3×BaO)/(MgO+CaO+SrO)之值增大,則楊氏模數下降,進而密度上升,比電阻亦上升。因此,質量比(3×BaO)/(MgO+CaO+SrO)較佳為5.0以下、較佳為0.5~5、更佳為1~5之範圍。
為了不過分增大密度並使失透溫度有效地降低,質量比CaO/RO較佳為0~0.8、更佳為0.1~0.7、進而較佳為0.15~0.6、進一步較佳為0.2~0.5之範圍。
若質量比(MgO/(RO+ZnO))之值較小,則具有失透溫度降低、楊氏模數下降之傾向。進而,密度上升,比電阻亦上升。另一方面,若 值較大,則失透溫度上升,楊氏模數下降。因此,質量比(MgO/(RO+ZnO))較佳為0.01~0.8、較佳為0.02~0.6、0.03~0.4之範圍。
若質量比SrO/CaO之值較小,則具有失透溫度降低、楊氏模數下降之傾向。進而,密度上升,比電阻亦上升。另一方面,若值較大,則失透溫度上升,楊氏模數下降。因此,質量比(MgO/(CaO+SrO))為0.6以下,較佳為0.36以上,較佳為0.4以上。
質量比(SiO2+Al2O3)/(B2O3+RO+(10×R2O))主要成為應變點與熔解性之指標。若值過小,則應變點降低。因此,質量比(SiO2+Al2O3)/(B2O3+RO+(10×R2O))為1.0以上,較佳為2.0以上之範圍。另一方面,若值過大,則熔解性及耐失透性降低。因此,質量比(SiO2+Al2O3)/(B2O3+RO+(10×R2O))較佳為1.0~10、更佳為2.0~7之範圍。(SiO2+Al2O3)/(B2O3+RO+(10×R2O))較佳為2.5~5。
所謂RE2O3,係稀土類金屬氧化物之總量,作為稀土類金屬氧化物,可列舉Sc2O3、Y2O3、La2O3、Pr2O3、Nd2O3、Sm2O3、Eu2O3、Gd2O3、Tb2O3、Dy2O3、Ho2O3、Er2O3、Tm2O3、Yb2O3、Lu2O3為例。RE2O3係使密度及熱膨脹係數增加之成分。又,RE2O3係成本亦較高之成分。因此,RE2O3為0以上且未達1.0%(包含0),更佳為0~0.5%(包含0)之範圍,尤佳為實質上不含有。
就防止密度及熱膨脹係數之增加且降低成本之觀點而言,較佳為實質上不含有Y2O3及La2O。
於本發明之第二態樣中,玻璃基板之失透溫度為1260℃以下。較佳為1250℃以下,更佳為1240℃以下,進而較佳為1230℃以下,進一步較佳為1220℃以下。另一方面,於本發明之第一態樣中,玻璃基板之失透溫度為1235℃以下,較佳為1230℃以下,更佳為1225℃以下,進而較佳為1220℃以下,進一步較佳為1210℃以下。失透溫度越低,越容易利用溢流下拉法使玻璃板成形。藉由應用溢流下拉法,可 省略對玻璃基板表面進行研磨之步驟,因此可提高玻璃基板之表面品質。又,亦可降低生產成本。若失透溫度過高,則容易產生失透,因此具有難以應用於溢流下拉法之傾向。
本實施形態之玻璃基板之100℃~300℃下之平均熱膨脹係數(100-300℃)為50.0×10-7-1以下,較佳為28.0~50.0×10-7-1,更佳為33.0~47.0×10-7-1、進而較佳為33.0~46.0×10-7-1、進一步較佳為35.0~44.0×10-7-1、進一步更佳為38.0~43.0×10-7-1之範圍。若熱膨脹係數較大,則具有於熱處理步驟中熱衝擊或熱收縮率增大之傾向。又,若熱膨脹係數較大,則難以降低熱收縮率。再者,熱膨脹係數較大或較小,均難以獲得形成於玻璃基板上之金屬、薄膜等周邊材料與熱膨脹係數之匹配而有周邊構件剝離之虞。
通常,若玻璃基板之應變點較低,則於製造顯示器時之熱處理步驟中容易產生熱收縮。本實施形態之玻璃基板之應變點為720℃以上,較佳為725℃以上,更佳為730℃以上,進而較佳為735℃以上。
本實施形態之玻璃基板之熱收縮率較佳為15ppm以下。若熱收縮率變得過大,則會引起像素之較大之間距偏差,從而無法實現高精細之顯示器。為了將熱收縮率控制在特定範圍,較佳為將玻璃基板之應變點設為720℃以上或者730℃以上。再者,若欲使熱收縮率為0ppm,則要求極度延長緩冷步驟或於緩冷、切斷步驟後實施熱收縮降低處理(離線緩冷),於此情形時,生產性降低、成本增高。若鑒於生產性及成本,則熱收縮率例如較佳為0.1ppm~15ppm、或者0.5ppm~15ppm,更佳為1ppm~15ppm,進而較佳為1ppm~13ppm,進一步較佳為2ppm~10ppm。
再者,熱收縮率係由實施了將玻璃基板於500℃之溫度下保持30分鐘,其後放冷至常溫之熱處理後之下述式所表示。
熱收縮率(ppm)={熱處理前後之玻璃之收縮量/熱處理前之玻璃 之長度}×106
此時,所謂「熱處理前後之玻璃之收縮量」,係「熱處理前之玻璃之長度-熱處理後之玻璃之長度」。
就玻璃基板之輕量化及顯示器之輕量化之觀點而言,本實施形態之玻璃基板之密度較佳為3.0g/cm3以下,更佳為2.8g/cm3以下,進而較佳為2.65g/cm3以下。若密度變得過高,則玻璃基板之輕量化變得困難,顯示器之輕量化亦難以實現。
若玻璃之轉移點(以下記載為Tg)降低,則具有於顯示器製造之熱處理步驟中容易產生熱收縮之傾向。本實施形態之玻璃基板之Tg較佳為770℃以上,更佳為775℃以上,進而較佳為780℃以上。為了將玻璃基板之Tg設為上述範圍,較佳為於本實施形態之玻璃基板之組成之範圍中,使例如SiO2及Al2O3等成分增多或者使B2O3、RO、R2O之成分減少。
本實施形態之玻璃顯示出黏度為102.5[dPa‧s]之溫度(以下記為熔融溫度)較佳為1680℃以下,更佳為1500~1680℃之範圍,進而較佳為1520~1660℃、進一步較佳為1540~1640℃之範圍。熔融溫度較低之玻璃之應變點容易降低。為了提高應變點,亦需要將熔融溫度提高至某一程度。但是,若熔融溫度較高,則對熔解槽之負荷增大。又,由於大量使用能量,故而成本亦增高。又,於將電熔解應用於玻璃熔解之情形時,有電流並非流過玻璃而是流過形成熔解槽之耐熱煉磚而導致熔解槽破損之虞。為了將玻璃之熔融溫度設為上述範圍,較佳為於本實施形態之玻璃基板之組成之範圍內,於上述範圍內含有使黏度降低之例如B2O3、RO等成分。
製造本實施形態之玻璃基板時之熔融玻璃之比電阻(1550℃下)較佳為30~700Ω‧cm、更佳為30~400Ω‧cm、進而較佳為30~300Ω‧cm、進一步較佳為50~300Ω‧cm之範圍。若比電阻變得過小, 則存在熔解所需之電流值變得過大而產生設備上之限制之情形。又,亦有電極之消耗增多之傾向。若熔融玻璃之比電阻變得過大,則亦存在電流並非流過玻璃而是流過形成熔解槽之耐熱煉磚而導致熔解槽破損之情形。熔融玻璃之比電阻主要可藉由控制RO、R2O、Fe2O3之含量而調整為上述範圍。
構成本實施形態之玻璃基板之玻璃之蝕刻速率較佳為50μm/h以上。若蝕刻速率變快,則生產性提高。尤其是於在將TFT側與彩色濾光片側之玻璃基板貼合後進行玻璃基板之蝕刻而實現輕量化之情形時,蝕刻速率影響生產性。然而,若蝕刻速率變得過高,則製造顯示器時之生產性雖提高,但玻璃之耐失透性降低。又,熱收縮率亦容易增大。蝕刻速率較佳為60~140μm/h,更佳為70~120μm/h,進而較佳為大於75且120μm/h以下,進一步較佳為77~120μm/h。為了提高玻璃之蝕刻速率,只要使SiO2+MgO+CaO-(Al2O3+SrO+BaO)、SiO2-(1/4×Al2O3)、或者SiO2/Al2O3之值縮小即可。於本實施形態中,上述蝕刻速率定義成於以下條件下所測得者。所謂本說明書中之蝕刻速率(μm/h),係將玻璃基板浸漬於以HF濃度成為1mol/kg、HCl濃度成為5mol/kg之方式進行了調整後之40℃之蝕刻液中1小時之情形時之每單位時間(1小時)之玻璃基板之一表面之厚度減少量(μm)。
本實施形態之玻璃基板之板厚例如可為0.1~1.1mm、或者0.3~1.1mm之範圍。但是,並無意圖限定為該範圍。板厚例如亦可為0.3~0.7mm、0.3~0.5mm之範圍。若玻璃板之厚度過薄,則玻璃基板本身之強度降低。例如容易產生製造平板顯示器時之破損。若板厚過厚,則對於要求薄型化之顯示器而言欠佳。又,由於玻璃基板之重量變重,故而難以實現平板顯示器之輕量化。進而,於在形成TFT後進行玻璃基板之蝕刻處理之情形時,蝕刻處理量增多而耗費成本與時間。
本實施形態之玻璃基板用於製造例如於陣列、彩色濾光片貼合後對玻璃基板表面進行蝕刻處理之平板顯示器。本實施形態之玻璃基板適合顯示器用玻璃基板(其中,CRT(布朗管)顯示器除外)。本實施形態之玻璃基板尤其適合形成有LTPS-TFT或OS-TFT之平板顯示器用玻璃基板。具體而言,適合液晶顯示器用玻璃基板、有機EL顯示器用玻璃基板。尤其適合LTPS-TFT液晶顯示器用玻璃基板、LTPS-TFT有機EL顯示器用玻璃基板。其中,適合要求高精細之移動終端等之顯示器用玻璃基板。
<平板顯示器>
本實施形態包含於玻璃基板表面形成有LTPS-TFT或OS-TFT之平板顯示器,該平板顯示器之玻璃基板係上述本實施形態之玻璃基板。本實施形態之平板顯示器例如可為液晶顯示器或有機EL顯示器。
<玻璃基板之製造方法>
本實施形態之顯示器用玻璃基板之製造方法具有:熔解步驟,其係例如至少使用直接通電加熱使調製成特定組成之玻璃原料熔解;成形步驟,其係使於上述熔解步驟中熔解所得之熔融玻璃成形為平板狀玻璃;及緩冷步驟,其係使上述平板狀玻璃緩冷。
上述緩冷步驟尤佳為以降低上述平板狀玻璃之熱收縮率之方式控制上述平板狀玻璃之冷卻條件的步驟。
[熔解步驟]
於熔解步驟中,例如使用直接通電加熱及/或燃燒加熱使以具有特定組成之方式進行調製而成之玻璃原料熔解。玻璃原料可自公知之材料中適當選擇。就能量效率之觀點而言,較佳為於熔解步驟中至少使用直接通電加熱使玻璃原料熔解。又,進行熔解步驟之熔解槽較佳為包含高氧化鋯系耐火物而構成。上述特定組成例如可於玻璃之各成分滿足上述含量之範圍內進行適當調整。
[成形步驟]
於成形步驟中,使於熔解步驟中熔解所得之熔融玻璃成形為平板狀玻璃。成形為平板狀玻璃之方法例如較佳為下拉法,尤佳為溢流下拉法,並形成玻璃帶作為平板狀玻璃。此外,可應用浮式法、再曳引法、滾壓法等。藉由採用下拉法,與使用浮式法等其他成形方法之情形時相比,所獲得之玻璃基板之主表面係以僅接觸氛圍之自由表面形成,故而具有極高之平滑性,且無需成形後之玻璃基板表面之研磨步驟,故而可降低製造成本,進而亦可提高生產性。進而,使用下拉法而成形之玻璃基板之兩主表面具有均勻之組成,故而於進行蝕刻處理時,可無關成型時之正背面而均勻地進行蝕刻。
[緩冷步驟]
藉由適當調整緩冷時之條件,可控制玻璃基板之熱收縮率。尤佳為以降低上述平板狀玻璃之熱收縮率之方式控制上述平板狀玻璃之冷卻條件。玻璃基板之熱收縮率如上所述為15ppm以下,較佳為13ppm以下,更佳為1~13ppm。為了製造具有此種數值之熱收縮率之玻璃基板,例如於使用下拉法之情形時,較佳為以使作為平板狀玻璃之玻璃帶之冷卻速度於Tg至(Tg-100℃)之溫度範圍內成為30~300℃/min之方式進行緩冷。若冷卻速度過快,則無法充分降低熱收縮率。另一方面,若冷卻速度過慢,則會產生生產性降低並且玻璃製造裝置(緩冷爐)大型化之問題。冷卻速度之較佳之範圍為30~300℃/min,更佳為50~200℃/min,進而較佳為60~120℃/min。藉由將冷卻速度設為30~300℃/min,可更確實地製造本實施形態之玻璃基板。再者,於在緩冷步驟之下游將平板狀玻璃切斷後,另外離線進行緩冷,藉此亦可降低熱收縮率,於此情形時,除進行緩冷步驟之設備以外,亦需要另外離線進行緩冷之設備。因此,如上所述,就生產性及成本之觀點而言,較佳為以可省略離線緩冷之方式且可於緩冷步驟中降低熱收 縮率之方式進行控制。再者,於本說明書中,所謂玻璃帶之冷卻速度,表示玻璃帶之寬度方向中央部之冷卻速度。
[實施例]
以下,基於實施例對本實施形態更詳細地進行說明。但是,本實施形態並不限定於實施例。於下述所示之實施例、比較例中,測量以下要說明之物性。
(應變點)
使用彎樑測定裝置(東京工業股份有限公司製造)進行測定,並根據彎樑法(ASTM C-598)藉由計算求出應變點。
(失透溫度)
將玻璃粉碎,使其通過2380μm之篩網,並將殘留於1000μm之篩網上之玻璃粒放入至鉑舟。將該鉑舟於具有1050~1380℃之溫度梯度之電爐內保持5小時,其後,自爐中取出,利用50倍之光學顯微鏡對玻璃內部所產生之失透進行觀察。將觀察到失透之最高溫度設為失透溫度。
(100~300℃之範圍內之平均熱膨脹係數α及Tg之測定方法)
使用示差熱膨脹計(Thermo Plus2 TMA8310)進行測定。此時之升溫速度設為5℃/min。基於測定結果求出100~300℃之溫度範圍內之平均熱膨脹係數及Tg。
(熱收縮率)
關於90mm~200mm×15~30mm×0.3~1mm之大小之玻璃,利用劃線法求出熱收縮率。作為熱收縮測定之熱處理,使用空氣環流爐(Nabertherm製造之N120/85HA),於500℃之溫度下保持30分鐘,並放冷至室溫為止。
熱收縮率(ppm)={熱處理下之玻璃之收縮量/熱處理前之玻璃之劃線間距離}×106
再者,於測定將玻璃原料於鉑坩鍋中熔解後使其流出至鐵板上並進行冷卻固化而獲得之玻璃之熱收縮之情形時,使用以成為0.5mm之厚度之方式實施切斷、研削、研磨,並使用電爐於Tg+15℃之溫度下保持30分鐘後,以降溫速度150~250℃/min之速度取出至爐外之玻璃。
(密度)
玻璃之密度係藉由阿基米德法進行測定。
(蝕刻速率)
蝕刻速率(μm/h)係藉由測定將玻璃(12.5mm×20mm×0.7mm)浸漬於以HF濃度成為1mol/kg、HCl濃度成為5mol/kg之方式進行了調整後之40℃之蝕刻液(200mL)中1小時之情形時之厚度減少量(μm),並算出每單位時間(1小時)之玻璃基板之一表面之厚度減少量(μm)而求出。
以下,對實施例之組成與評價進行說明。
以成為表1所示之玻璃組成之方式根據以下順序製作實施例1~63之玻璃。對於所獲得之玻璃,求出應變點、失透溫度、Tg、100~300℃之範圍內之平均熱膨脹係數(α)、熱收縮率、密度、蝕刻速率。
以成為表1所示之玻璃組成之方式調製各成分之原料並進行熔 解、澄清、成形。
以上述方式而獲得之玻璃中之實施例1~63之失透溫度為1260℃以下,且應變點為720℃以上(如技術方案2之玻璃基板之實施例)。其中,實施例1~6、9、15~18、21、25、29~31、34~45、47~57、59~60之失透溫度為1235℃以下,且應變點為720℃以上(如技術方案1之玻璃基板之實施例)。又,於使用直接通電加熱使玻璃原料熔解並利用溢流下拉法製造玻璃基板之情形時,亦獲得同樣之結果。因此,藉由使用該等玻璃,可利用溢流下拉法製造可用於應用有LTPS-TFT之顯示器之玻璃基板。又,該等玻璃基板亦適合作為OS-TFT用玻璃基板。

Claims (6)

  1. 一種顯示器用玻璃基板,其包含如下玻璃,該玻璃含有SiO2、Al2O3,以質量%表示,B2O3為0%以上且未達3%,BaO為5~14%,實質上不含有Sb2O3,失透溫度為1235℃以下,且應變點為720℃以上。
  2. 一種顯示器用玻璃基板,其包含如下玻璃,該玻璃含有SiO2、Al2O3,以質量%表示,B2O3為0%以上且未達3%,MgO為1.8%以上,BaO為5~14%,實質上不含有Sb2O3,(SiO2+MgO+CaO)-(Al2O3+SrO+BaO)未達42%,失透溫度為1260℃以下,且應變點為720℃以上。
  3. 如請求項1或2之玻璃基板,其中上述玻璃基板於500℃之溫度下保持30分鐘,其後,放冷至常溫之情形時之下述式所表示之熱收縮率為15ppm以下,熱收縮率(ppm)={熱處理前後之玻璃之收縮量/熱處理前之玻璃之長度}×106
  4. 如請求項1至3中任一項之玻璃基板,其中上述玻璃基板之蝕刻 速率大於75μm/h。
  5. 如請求項1至4中任一項之玻璃基板,其係於玻璃基板表面形成有使用低溫多晶矽或氧化物半導體而形成之薄膜電晶體之平板顯示器用玻璃基板。
  6. 一種顯示器用玻璃基板之製造方法,其製造如請求項1至5中任一項之玻璃基板,且包含:熔解步驟,其係至少使用直接通電加熱而使調製成特定組成之玻璃原料熔解;成形步驟,其係使於上述熔解步驟中熔解所得之熔融玻璃成形為平板狀玻璃;及緩冷步驟,其係使上述平板狀玻璃緩冷,並且以降低上述平板狀玻璃之熱收縮率之方式控制上述平板狀玻璃之冷卻條件。
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