TW201637513A - 直流加熱器 - Google Patents
直流加熱器 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201637513A TW201637513A TW104137376A TW104137376A TW201637513A TW 201637513 A TW201637513 A TW 201637513A TW 104137376 A TW104137376 A TW 104137376A TW 104137376 A TW104137376 A TW 104137376A TW 201637513 A TW201637513 A TW 201637513A
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Abstract
一種直流加熱器,其包含:離散加熱區域,其由安置於非導電性的表面上之導熱材料製成;以及至少一個導電跡線,其經組配以連接至直流電壓源,且當連接至該直流電壓源時,將該離散加熱區域加熱至均勻溫度,該至少一個導電跡線至少部分地圍繞該離散加熱區域以波狀組態安置於該表面上。
Description
本發明係關於一種直流(直流電流)加熱器及其應用。
電加熱器通常用於許多應用中。然而,目前不存在如下直流加熱器:可使用9伏或9伏以下之電壓來加熱至至多或超過100℃,並且其中該直流加熱器為一平方吋或更小。由低電壓源供電之此類小加熱器就空間及電力節省而言,將為許多應用提供可能性,尤其為可攜式及甚至拋棄式用途提供可能性。
例如,PCR是針對各種應用來製作DNA序列之多個複本的常用方法,該等應用諸如用於測序之DNA選殖、診斷疾病、自DNA樣本鑑定個體以及執行基因之功能性分析。在PCR中,DNA序列之複製發生於多個熱循環,其中每一循環通常具有三個主要步驟:變性、退火及延伸。在變性步驟中,將雙鏈DNA模板加熱至約94-98℃歷時20-30秒,以產生單鏈DNA。在退火步驟中,藉由將溫度降低至
約50-65℃歷時20-40秒來使引子退火成單鏈DNA。在延伸步驟中,使用DNA聚合酶(諸如Taq),藉由在DNA聚合酶之最佳活性溫度(針對Taq為75-80℃)下,使已退火成單鏈DNA之引子延伸來合成新的雙鏈DNA。明顯地,當循環中形成之新的雙鏈DNA在下一循環中經歷變性、退火及延伸時,DNA之複製是指數的,以使得每一循環使所獲得的DNA序列之數目有效地加倍。除以上提及的三個主要步驟之外,若所使用的DNA聚合酶為熱活化的,則可能需要初始化步驟,且上一循環之最終延伸步驟可保持較長的時間段(例如5-15分鐘),以確保不存在剩餘的單鏈DNA片段。
因此,用於執行PCR之任何裝置需要能夠執行重複的熱循環以便使變性、退火及延伸之步驟發生。此涉及將反應加熱及冷卻至所需要的溫度,且保持所需要的溫度歷時必需的時間長度。在給定溫度升至幾乎及/或超過100℃的情況下,現有微射流或實驗室晶片PCR裝置通常需要外部熱循環裝置來供應必需的熱量,從而在使用期間限制該等裝置之真實可攜性及大小。
在其他應用中,諸如用於輸液用途之血液袋的加溫或甚至是儲存於通常稱為殺菌袋的袋子中之食物的簡單加熱,目前通常使用需要比9伏顯著更高的電壓源之龐大加熱裝置,從而限制對該等加熱裝置之使用者而言的可攜性及便利性。
根據第一態樣,提供一種直流加熱器,其包含:離散加熱區域,其由安置於非導電性的表面上之導熱材料製成;以及至少一個導電跡線,其經組配以連接至直流電壓源,且當連接至直流電壓源時,將離散加熱區域加熱至均勻溫度,該至少一個導電跡線至少部分地圍繞離散加熱區域以波狀組態安置於表面上。
直流電壓源可供應至多僅9伏。
直流電壓源可供應至多僅5伏。
至少一個導電跡線可包含端子,該等端子組配有USB介面,該USB介面用於與提供直流電壓源之主機裝置的USB埠連接。
波狀組態可為選自由以下者組成之群的至少一者:扇形、鋸齒形、波形、方波形、鳩尾形、郵票邊緣形以及每一前述波狀組態之修改形式。
表面可處於可撓性片狀材料上。
直流加熱器可進一步包含保護層,該保護層提供於表面、離散加熱區域及至少一個導電跡線之上。
僅離散加熱區域可經組配以相鄰於將要加熱之物品置放。
根據第二態樣,提供一種拋棄式PCR裝置,其包含:基片;頂片,其具有至少一個樣本收集開口及組配為結果窗口之透明部分;微射流通道,其包含提供於基片及頂片之間的PCR腔室,該微射流通道經組配以與至少一個樣本收集開口流體連接,微射流通道的處於PCR腔室下游
之一部分可經由結果窗口檢視;以及第一態樣之直流加熱器,其提供於基片及頂片之間,以使得該直流加熱器之離散加熱區域相鄰PCR腔室。
基片、頂片及微射流通道由至少一種可撓性片狀材料形成。
根據第三態樣,提供一種電加熱袋,其經組配以用於在其中儲存產品,該電加熱袋包含:第一片可撓性材料,其密封至第二片聚合物材料,以在該第一片可撓性材料與該第二片聚合物材料之間界定空腔且形成邊界,該邊界包含第一片可撓性材料及圍繞空腔之第二片可撓性材料;以及第一態樣之直流加熱器,其中離散加熱區域安置於第一片可撓性材料的形成空腔之第一壁的部分上,且其中至少一個導電跡線以波狀組態安置於第一片可撓性材料之邊界上。
電加熱袋可進一步包含可關閉開口,該可關閉開口與空腔流體連通且經組配以用於經由該可關閉開口分配產品。
可關閉開口可經組配以便可連接至管道,該電加熱袋係組配成血液袋,該血液袋經組配以用於以下至少一者:收集並儲存來自患者之血液,及向患者提供血液或血液產品。
10‧‧‧直流加熱器
20‧‧‧離散加熱區域
30‧‧‧表面
40‧‧‧導電跡線
41‧‧‧扇形
42‧‧‧鋸齒形
43‧‧‧波形
44‧‧‧方波形
45‧‧‧鳩尾形
46‧‧‧郵票邊緣形
50‧‧‧直流電壓源
60‧‧‧波狀組態
61‧‧‧邊緣或轉角
100‧‧‧拋棄式PCR裝置/PCR裝置/裝置
101‧‧‧頂片
102‧‧‧樣本收集開口
103‧‧‧其他開口
104‧‧‧結果窗口
110‧‧‧微射流通道
120‧‧‧PCR腔室
130‧‧‧部分
140‧‧‧凸舌
200‧‧‧電加熱袋/袋子
201‧‧‧第一片可撓性材料
202‧‧‧空腔
203‧‧‧邊界
205‧‧‧可關閉開口
為使本發明可得以充分地理解且易於實施,現在僅經
由非限制性實例來描述本發明之示範性實施例,該描述參考隨附例示性圖式。
圖1為本發明之直流加熱器的第一示範性實施例之示意圖。
圖2為本發明之直流加熱器的導電跡線之波狀組態的各種實施例之示意圖。
圖3為包含圖1之直流加熱器的示範性拋棄式PCR裝置之示意圖。
圖4為包含本發明之直流加熱器的示範性電加熱袋之示意圖。
圖5(a)及5(b)為本發明之直流加熱器的替代示範性組態之示意圖。
以下將參考圖1至5來描述直流加熱器10之示範性實施例及其各種應用,其中相同參考數字用來指示相同或相似部件。
在如圖1所示的直流加熱器10之第一實施例中,直流加熱器10包含離散加熱區域20,該離散加熱區域20由安置於非導電性的表面30上之導熱材料製成。表面30可例如由聚合物材料製成,且可為相對硬的(例如,積層體,諸如用於印刷電路板之彼等積層體)或可撓性的(例如,可撓性聚丙烯片、聚合物薄膜、存貨卡等)。
直流加熱器10亦包含導電跡線40,該導電跡線40
經組配以連接至直流電壓源50(圖中指示為(+)及(-)),且當連接至直流電壓源50時,將離散加熱區域20加熱至均勻溫度。離散加熱區域20未與導電跡線40導電接觸。導電跡線40及離散加熱區域20較佳由相同導電材料製成,該導電材料諸如導電油墨或合適金屬。
導電跡線40至少部分地圍繞離散加熱區域20以波狀組態60安置於表面30上。在圖1中,波狀組態60具有如圖2所示之扇形41形式,該扇形41形式包含一系列圓弧,該等圓弧在相同方向上彎曲,在弧角處會合,向外形成點,且該等弧具有朝離散加熱區域20凸出。在此實施例中,離散加熱區域為矩形形狀,且僅在離散加熱區域20之兩個相對側上提供波狀組態60。
在替代實施例中,波狀組態60可為鋸齒形42、波形43、方波形44、鳩尾形45、郵票邊緣形46,或前述波狀組態60中每一者之修改形式,如圖2所示。波狀組態60可視為包含導電跡線40之曲形或彎曲的重複單元,該等重複單元可或可不散佈有筆直部分。已發現的是,較高溫度點出現於導電跡線40成曲彎或彎曲之任何處的外部或凸出邊緣或轉角61處。因此,在表面30上提供導電跡線40之適當波狀組態60產生多個較高溫度點,該等較高溫度點接近於離散加熱區域20定位。以此方式,可藉由導電跡線40之波狀組態60產生足夠的熱量,以例如使用如可由膝上型電腦之USB埠提供的僅5伏之直流電壓來將具有例如僅3mm乘10mm尺寸之離散加熱區域20加熱至所要高溫,例如,100℃
或更高。
取決於組配直流加熱器10所針對之應用,直流電壓源50可為具有9伏或9伏以下的電壓之任何合適電源。例如,直流電壓源50可呈電池形式,或如上所述,呈具有其自身電源及5伏或5伏以下電壓之膝上型電腦或電腦或其他主機裝置的USB埠形式。以此方式,直流加熱器10可易於攜帶,因為其可使用電池或可供應由直流加熱器10所使用之低直流電壓的其他可攜式裝置來供電。
藉由將離散加熱區域20組配成不與導電跡線40之任何部分電接觸,發現當直流加熱器10達到穩定狀態加熱時,所有離散加熱區域20皆具有均勻溫度。因此,藉由組配加熱器以使得僅離散加熱區域20相鄰於將要加熱之物品安置,預期該物品將因此經受來自離散加熱區域20之相對均勻的加熱。「相鄰」一詞此處用來意指:取決於直流加熱器針對其使用之應用的組態,將物品安置於離散加熱區域20上或之上,或將離散加熱區域20安置於物品之上。均勻加熱之此特徵對生物應用特別重要,在該等生物應用中,物品可為對熱量敏感的生物樣本或產品,且重要的是:該物品之部分未暴露於可引起損壞之過度高溫或溫度尖峰。
較佳而言,直流加熱器10亦具有提供於表面30、離散加熱區域20及導電跡線40之上的保護層(未展示),以便對其保護免受由於暴露於環境所致的損壞。保護層較佳地亦提供電絕緣功能以達成使用者之安全。
上述直流加熱器10之實際應用為如圖3所示之拋棄式PCR裝置100之直流加熱器。PCR裝置100包含基片(未展示);頂片101;微射流通道110,該微射流通道110包含提供於基片與頂片101之間的PCR腔室120;以及直流加熱器(未展示),該直流加熱器亦提供於基片與頂片101之間。基片及頂片101因此將PCR腔室及直流加熱器包圍成小於3mm厚之封裝。
頂片101應具有用於在其中置放DNA樣本之至少一個樣本收集開口102,且可具有用於將試劑添加至PCR腔室中之一或多個其他開口103。頂片101亦具有透明部分,該透明部分經組配為用於檢視自PCR產生之結果的結果窗口104。
微射流通道經組配以與樣本收集開口102流體連接,以使得DNA樣本可流入裝置100中之PCR腔室120中。微射流通道110的處於PCR腔室120下游之部分130經組配以便可經由結果窗口104檢視。
在拋棄式PCR裝置100中,離散加熱區域及導電跡線較佳地安置於由諸如聚合物薄膜的薄可撓性材料製成之表面上,以使得直流加熱器在拋棄式PCR裝置100中佔據極少空間。直流加熱器經組配以使得僅直流加熱器之離散加熱區域相鄰裝置100中之PCR腔室120,而包括波狀部分之導電跡線與PCR腔室120間隔分開。以此方式,當藉由波狀部分加熱離散加熱區域時,該離散加熱區域向PCR腔室120提供均勻熱量,以便提供在裝置100中執行之PCR所必
需的熱循環。
若拋棄式PCR裝置100欲使其直流電壓源由USB主機裝置供應,則PCR裝置100可另外具備凸舌140,其中導電跡線40經組配有用於與USB主機裝置連接之USB介面,如圖3所示。
在直流加熱器10之另一應用中,直流加熱器10可安置於電加熱袋200上,該電加熱袋200經組配以用於在其中儲存產品,如圖4所示。在此應用中,電加熱袋200可具有第一片可撓性材料201,該第一片可撓性材料201密封至第二片可撓性材料(未展示),以在該第一片可撓性材料201與該第二片可撓性材料之間界定空腔202。密封應使得包含第一片可撓性材料201及第二片可撓性材料之邊界203亦圍繞空腔202形成。直流加熱器10之離散加熱區域20安置於第一片可撓性材料201的形成空腔202之第一壁的部分204上。直流加熱器10之導電跡線40以波狀60組態安置於第一片可撓性材料201之邊界203上。以此方式,含於空腔202中之產品藉由來自在導電跡線40連接至直流電壓源時受加熱的離散加熱區域20之熱量而加熱至所要溫度。
若電加熱袋200之應用將儲存將要自袋子200分配之產品,例如,該產品可為用於消耗之食物產品或用於輸液之血液產品,則袋子200亦將具有可關閉開口205,該可關閉開口205與空腔202流體連通,且經組配以用於經由該可關閉開口205分配產品。在袋子200意欲為血液袋的特定實例中,其中該血液袋經組配以用於收集並儲存來自患
者之血液及/或向患者提供血液或血液產品之目的,可關閉開口205較佳地進一步經組配以便可連接至具有末端之管道(未展示),該管道經組配以與患者建立靜脈內連接。
雖然已在前述描述中描述本發明之示範性實施例,但熟習此項技術者將理解,可在不脫離本發明的情況下,對設計、構造及/或操作之細節進行許多變化。例如,可設想根據可能需要的直流加熱器10之實際應用來提供離散加熱區域20及波狀組態60之替代組態,而不限於此等特徵之可能的形狀及大小。一些實例展示於圖5中。如圖5(b)可見,直流加熱器10具有兩個導電跡線40,而不是一個,以圍繞離散加熱區域20提供波狀組態60。因此,直流加熱器10中之導電跡線40的數目可為一或多個。
10‧‧‧直流加熱器
20‧‧‧離散加熱區域
30‧‧‧表面
40‧‧‧導電跡線
50‧‧‧直流電壓源
60‧‧‧波狀組態
61‧‧‧邊緣或轉角
Claims (13)
- 一種直流加熱器,其包含:一離散加熱區域,其由安置於非導電性的一表面上之一導熱材料製成;以及至少一個導電跡線,其經組配以連接至一直流電壓源,且當連接至該直流電壓源時,將該離散加熱區域加熱至一均勻溫度,該至少一個導電跡線至少部分地圍繞該離散加熱區域以一波狀組態安置於該表面上。
- 如請求項1之直流加熱器,其中該直流電壓源供應至多僅9伏。
- 如請求項1之直流加熱器,其中該直流電壓源供應至多僅5伏。
- 如請求項3之直流加熱器,其中該至少一個導電跡線包含端子,該等端子組配有一USB介面,用於與提供該直流電壓源之一主機裝置的一USB埠連接。
- 如請求項1之直流加熱器,其中該波狀組態係選自由以下組成之群的至少一者:扇形、鋸齒形、波形、方波形、鳩尾形、郵票邊緣形以及每一前述波狀組態之一修改形式。
- 如請求項1之直流加熱器,其中該表面處於一可撓性片材上。
- 如請求項1之直流加熱器,其進一步包含一保護層,該保護層設置於該表面、該離散加熱區域及該至少一個導 電跡線之上。
- 如請求項1至7中任一項之直流加熱器,其中僅該離散加熱區域經組配為安置成與欲加熱之一物品相鄰。
- 一種拋棄式PCR裝置,其包含:一基片;一頂片,其具有至少一個樣本收集開口及經組配為一結果窗口之一透明部分;一微射流通道,其包含設置於該基片與該頂片之間的一PCR腔室,該微射流通道經組配以與該至少一個樣本收集開口流體連接,該微射流通道的處於該PCR腔室下游之一部分可經由該結果窗口檢視;以及如請求項1至7中任一項之直流加熱器,其設置於該基片與該頂片之間,以使得該直流加熱器之該離散加熱區域相鄰該PCR腔室。
- 如請求項9之拋棄式PCR裝置,其中該基片、該頂片及該微射流通道由至少一個可撓性片材形成。
- 一種電加熱袋,其經組配以用於在其中儲存一產品,該電加熱袋包含:一第一片可撓性材料,其密封至一第二片聚合物材料,以在該第一片可撓性材料與該第二片聚合物材料之間界定一空腔且形成一包含該第一片可撓性材料及圍繞該空腔之該第二片可撓性材料之邊界,以及如請求項1至7中任一項之直流加熱器,其中該離散加熱區域安置於該第一片可撓性材料的形成該空腔之 一第一壁的一部分上,並且其中該至少一個導電跡線以該波狀組態安置於該第一片可撓性材料之該邊界上。
- 如請求項11之電加熱袋,其進一步包含一可關閉開口,該可關閉開口與該空腔流體連通,且經組配以用於經由該可關閉開口分配該產品。
- 如請求項12之電加熱袋,其中該可關閉開口經組配以便可連接至一管道,該電加熱袋係組配成一血液袋,該血液袋經組配以用於以下至少一者:收集並儲存來自一患者之血液,及向一患者提供血液或一血液產品。
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