TW201603696A - A production method of organic angelica and its organic product - Google Patents

A production method of organic angelica and its organic product Download PDF

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TW201603696A
TW201603696A TW103125439A TW103125439A TW201603696A TW 201603696 A TW201603696 A TW 201603696A TW 103125439 A TW103125439 A TW 103125439A TW 103125439 A TW103125439 A TW 103125439A TW 201603696 A TW201603696 A TW 201603696A
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angelica
organic
production method
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ridge
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TWI549602B (en
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王馨
李紹平
楊斌
嚴世武
李林玉
辛延蓉
蔡良輝
楊麗英
馬維思
董志淵
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昆明中如農業科技有限公司
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Abstract

A production method of organic Angelica and its organic product, the method includes following steps: (A) land grading, (B) seed treatment, (C) seeding, (D) culturing, (E) excavating seedling, (F) storage, (G) ridging, (H) transplant, (I) pests and diseases control, (J) harvesting, (K) stacking and transpiration, (L) washing and drying, (M) freezing and killing pests, (N) pest-repelling storage, and (O) packaging.

Description

有機當歸生產方法及其有機當歸產品 Organic Angelica Production Method and Organic Angelica Products

本發明係關於一種藥用植物當歸的生產方法,尤指一種以有機方式栽培和加工處理的當歸生產方法。 The invention relates to a method for producing a medicinal plant angelica, in particular to an angelica production method which is cultivated and processed organically.

當歸為我國重要常用中藥材之一,是曆版《中華人民共和國藥典》的收載品,其商品名因產地而異,甘肅產的稱“秦歸”或“岷歸”,四川產的稱“川歸”,雲南產的稱“雲歸”。當歸在我國有2000多年的藥用歷史,以及近1000年的栽培歷史,作為我國特產名貴藥材,當歸具有補血活血、調經止痛、潤腸通便的功效。自古以來就有“婦科聖藥”、“婦科要藥”、“十方九歸”等說法,現代藥物學及藥理學研究已表明,當歸內含揮發油(蒿本內酯等)和水溶性成分(阿魏酸等)等活性成分,具有調節子宮平滑肌收縮、抗血栓、抗炎、抗菌、安神等作用,因此在中藥製劑、保健品中被廣泛使用,並暢銷於國內外市場,為大宗藥食兩用出口品種。 Angelica is one of the most commonly used Chinese herbal medicines in China. It is the collection of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. Its trade name varies from place to place. Gansu produces it as “Qingui” or “Zigui”. "Chuangui", Yunnan's production called "cloud return." Angelica has more than 2,000 years of medicinal history in China, and nearly 1000 years of cultivation history. As a valuable medicine of special products in China, Angelica has the effect of nourishing blood and promoting blood circulation, regulating menstruation and relieving pain, and relaxing laxative. Since ancient times, there have been such sayings as "gynecological holy medicine", "gynecology medicine" and "ten party and nine return". Modern pharmacology and pharmacology research have shown that angelica contains volatile oil (artem Lactone, etc.) and water-soluble ingredients ( Active ingredients such as ferulic acid, etc., have the functions of regulating uterine smooth muscle contraction, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, soothing and so on. Therefore, they are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine preparations and health care products, and are popular in domestic and foreign markets, and are large-scale medicines. Dual-use export varieties.

然而當歸適生範圍較廣,其育苗節令必須與栽培環境相匹配,否則早抽薹率高會造成減產,加之育苗關鍵環節缺乏科學依據與技術指導,導致壯苗缺乏、病蟲害嚴重等問題,直接影響到當歸的大田生產。而傳統之當歸生產長期過度依賴農藥、化肥的投入來增加產量,不但造成 農業生態環境的惡化,且導致當歸的藥食兩用價值受到不良影響,使農殘及重金屬超標成為影響當歸出口的首要限制因素。 However, the suitable range of Angelica is broad, and its nursery and seedlings must be matched with the cultivation environment. Otherwise, the high rate of early convulsions will result in reduced production. In addition, the lack of scientific basis and technical guidance in the key links of seedlings will lead to problems such as lack of strong seedlings and serious diseases and insect pests. Daejeon production to Angelica. However, traditional Angelica production relies on pesticides and fertilizers for a long time to increase production, which not only causes The deterioration of the agro-ecological environment has led to the adverse effects of the dual-use value of angelica, making the pesticide residue and heavy metals exceeding the standard as the primary limiting factor affecting the export of angelica.

有機栽植是近年來當歸種植的新趨勢,但因方法不當造成產量低下、農戶種植積極性受挫,而栽植後之當歸採收儲藏等加工程序,亦是當歸生產的關鍵環節之一,其加工程序的好壞直接關係到藥材的品質和種植的經濟效益。當歸屬含揮發油類藥材,還含有豐富的糖分,傳統的產地加工和儲藏環節除了極易走油和吸潮外,為了解決當歸儲藏的防蟲問題,加工中對當歸使用硫磺薰蒸,使得產品表面附著大量二氧化硫,長期食用會誘發氣喘、咳嗽、嘔吐和腹瀉,進入人體內的二氧化硫會轉換成強致癌物一一亞硝胺。尤其對於以出口為主的有機當歸,應考慮採用基於傳統但結合現代工藝的產地加工和儲藏技術。綜上所述,為了提高當歸藥材商品的形象,並滿足有機當歸出口的要求,需要完整且有係統的有機當歸生產方法,在不提高生產成本的前提下,避免使用有毒物料同時維持產量,並符合愛護自然環境與永續經營的要求,使大眾有健康無汙染且經濟便宜之有機當歸供食用。 Organic planting is a new trend in the cultivation of Angelica in recent years. However, due to improper methods, the yield is low, farmers' enthusiasm for planting is frustrated, and the processing procedures such as harvesting and storage after planting are also one of the key links in the production of Angelica. Good or bad is directly related to the quality of the herbs and the economic benefits of planting. When it comes to volatile oils, it is also rich in sugar. In addition to the easy handling of oil and moisture absorption in traditional processing and storage areas, in order to solve the problem of insecticide storage in Angelica, the use of sulfur fumigation for Angelica in processing makes products A large amount of sulfur dioxide is attached to the surface. Long-term consumption can induce asthma, cough, vomiting and diarrhea. Sulfur dioxide entering the body will be converted into a strong carcinogen, nitrosamine. Especially for export-oriented organic angelica, the processing and storage techniques based on tradition but combined with modern technology should be considered. In summary, in order to improve the image of Angelica medicinal products and meet the requirements of organic angelica export, a complete and systematic method of organic angelica production is needed to avoid the use of toxic materials while maintaining production without increasing production costs. In line with the requirements of caring for the natural environment and sustainable management, the public has healthy, pollution-free and economically cheap organic angelica for consumption.

本發明目的在於彌補常規當歸育苗、栽植和加工方法的不足,並提供一種不依賴農藥、化肥,對環境安全,符合有機標準的當歸生產方法。 The invention aims to make up for the deficiencies of conventional angelica seedlings, planting and processing methods, and to provide an angelica production method which does not depend on pesticides, chemical fertilizers, is environmentally safe, and conforms to organic standards.

本發明之有機當歸生產方法,其步驟包含(A)整地理厢、(B)種子處理、(C)播種、(D)育苗、(E)起苗、(F)儲藏、(G)碎墾起壟、(H)移栽、(I)病蟲害防治、(J)採收、(K)堆垛發汗、(L)清洗乾燥、(M)冷凍滅蟲、(N) 忌避儲存,以及(O)包裝。本法詳述如下: The organic angelica production method of the present invention comprises the steps of (A) arranging the whole compartment, (B) seed treatment, (C) sowing, (D) seedling raising, (E) seedling, (F) storage, (G) mashing Ridge, (H) transplanting, (I) pest control, (J) harvesting, (K) stacking and sweating, (L) washing and drying, (M) freezing and pest control, (N) Remove storage, and (O) packaging. The law is detailed as follows:

(A)整地理厢:對一緩坡平地進行一翻耕曬墾作業和一平整理厢作業,使緩坡平地上形成至少一厢面,並於厢面覆蓋一客土。其中翻耕曬墾作業,翻耕深度需介於20至45公分,且厢面之寬度為100至125公分、高度為10至20公分。客土之組成如下:重量百分比10至15%的火土、重量百分比10至15%的農家肥、重量百分比15至20%的腐殖質土、重量百分比10至15%的泥炭質軟土及重量百分比40至50%的生土。 (A) The whole geographical compartment: a ploughing and drying operation and a flat finishing operation on a gentle slope flat land, so that at least one compartment surface is formed on the gentle slope flat land, and a passenger soil is covered on the cabin surface. Among them, the ploughing and drying operation requires a depth of 20 to 45 cm, and the width of the car is 100 to 125 cm and the height is 10 to 20 cm. The composition of the guest soil is as follows: 10 to 15% by weight of ground soil, 10 to 15% by weight of farmyard manure, 15 to 20% by weight of humus soil, 10 to 15% by weight of peat soft soil and weight percentage 40 to 50% of the soil.

(B)種子處理:取當歸種子,以25至35℃溫水浸泡12至24小時將當歸種子瀝乾後,以0.1至0.2%的一殺菌液浸泡20至35分鐘後,撈出瀝乾。其中殺菌液可包含高錳酸鉀溶液、硝酸鉀溶液或碳酸鉀溶液。 (B) Seed treatment: Take the angelica seed, soak it in warm water of 25 to 35 ° C for 12 to 24 hours, drain the angelica seed, soak it in 0.1 to 0.2% of a sterilizing solution for 20 to 35 minutes, remove it and drain. The sterilizing liquid may include a potassium permanganate solution, a potassium nitrate solution or a potassium carbonate solution.

(C)播種:將經步驟B之當歸種子播種於步驟A之客土,每畝播種量為2至6公斤,播後覆蓋一火土層後,於火土層上蓋一松針層。其中火土層厚度為0.5至1.5公分,松針層厚度為0.5至5公分。 (C) Sowing: Seeds of Angelica sinensis in step B are sown in the soil of step A, and the seeding amount per acre is 2 to 6 kg. After sowing, cover a layer of fire soil, and cover a layer of pine needle on the fire soil layer. The thickness of the fire soil layer is 0.5 to 1.5 cm, and the thickness of the pine needle layer is 0.5 to 5 cm.

(D)育苗:育苗期間防止田間積水、拔除雜草、發現病株及時拔除並在病穴撒施生石灰消毒,於當歸苗高度為4至6公分時,去除步驟C之松針層覆蓋。 (D) Seedling: During the nursery period, prevent water accumulation in the field, remove weeds, find the diseased plants in time and disperse the lime in the diseased area. When the height of the angelica seedlings is 4 to 6 cm, remove the pine needle layer covering in step C.

(E)起苗:起苗時機選擇步驟D之當歸苗之地上葉片開始枯黃、但尚未倒苗時摘掉葉子,並保留至少一葉柄。其中至少一葉柄的長度為0.5至2公分。 (E) Seedling: The timing of seedling selection is selected in step D. The leaves on the ground of the seedlings begin to be yellow, but the leaves are removed when the seedlings have not been poured, and at least one petiole is retained. At least one of the petiole lengths is 0.5 to 2 cm.

(F)儲藏:將經步驟E之當歸苗放置在陰涼、通風處使之自然乾燥,至殘留葉柄幹縮時,進行室內一越冬處理,越冬處理係將當歸苗與至少一細砂層間隔層疊,且最上層與最下層皆為至少一細砂層。其中越冬 處理其特徵在於保持細砂層之相對濕度為20至40%。 (F) Storage: The seedlings of the seedlings of step E are placed in a cool, ventilated place to be naturally dried, and when the residual petiole is dry, the indoor wintering treatment is carried out, and the wintering treatment is to separate the angelica seedlings and at least one fine sand layer. And the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer are at least one fine sand layer. Which winter The treatment is characterized by maintaining a relative humidity of the fine sand layer of 20 to 40%.

(G)碎墾起壟:於每畝緩坡平地施入腐熟農家肥1800至2200公斤作基肥,並進行一碎墾起壟作業以在緩坡平地上形成至少一壟面,點火熏燒壟面,燒後覆蓋一地膜。其中碎墾起壟作業,係將壟面之寬度整為30至50公分,並於壟面之表土中間鋪放作物秸稈、植物殘茬或松針。 (G) smashing ridges: Apply 1800 to 2200 kg of decomposed farmyard manure as base fertilizer on a gentle slope of acre, and carry out a smashing operation to form at least one ridge surface on the gentle slope flat surface, and ignite the ridge surface. Cover a mulch after burning. Among them, the ridge ridge operation is to make the width of the ridge surface 30 to 50 cm, and put the crop straw, plant residue or pine needle in the middle of the surface soil of the ridge surface.

(H)移栽:於步驟G之碎墾起壟作業後,將地膜挖穴以移栽當歸苗於至少一壟面,栽後覆土3至6公分,並去除地膜,栽植期間挖除早抽薹植株。其中當歸苗重量為0.5至2公克的無病、無傷種苗,且係以行距為25至35公分、株距為25至30公分,移栽至前述壟面。 (H) Transplanting: After the ridge and ridge operation in step G, the ground film is burrowed to transplant the angelica seedlings to at least one ridge surface, and the soil is covered with soil for 3 to 6 cm, and the mulch film is removed, and the early convulsion is excavated during planting. Plant. Among them, the Angelica sinensis seedlings have a weight of 0.5 to 2 grams of disease-free and non-injured seedlings, and are transplanted to the aforementioned ridge surface with a row spacing of 25 to 35 cm and a plant spacing of 25 to 30 cm.

(I)病蟲害防治:每隔一行壟面,種植一行白菜、蘿蔔或蔓菁,並進行一輪作作業。其中輪作作業係種植一季輪作一季,並選擇與玉米、白芸豆、油菜、蕎麥或青稞進行輪作。 (I) Pest Control: Plant a row of cabbage, radish or broccoli every other row of ridges and perform a round of homework. The rotation operation is to plant a season of rotation for a season, and choose to rotate with corn, white kidney beans, rapeseed, buckwheat or green barley.

(J)採收:於當歸苗生長為當歸植株,且當歸植株葉片發黃時,割除地上部分莖葉,並於5至10天後採挖當歸植株之當歸根部。 (J) Harvesting: When the Angelica sinensis seedlings grow into Angelica sinensis plants, and the leaves of the Angelica sinensis plants are yellow, the above-ground parts of the stems and leaves are cut off, and the roots of the Angelica sinensis plants are harvested after 5 to 10 days.

(K)堆垛發汗:選擇乾燥、通風、透光的場所,將採收的當歸根部清理雜質後,使當歸根部蒸散其水份,直至根條柔軟、殘留葉柄幹縮為止。 (K) Stacking and sweating: Choose a place that is dry, ventilated, and light-transmissive. After the harvested roots of Angelica sinensis are cleaned of impurities, the roots of Angelica sinensis are evaporated to moisture until the root strips are soft and the remaining petiole is dry.

(L)清洗乾燥:將經步驟K後之當歸根部的根條平攤清洗,並運至乾燥、通風、透光的場所晾曬至當歸含水量為10至15%。 (L) Washing and drying: The root strip of the root of Angelica sinensis after step K is evenly cleaned and transported to a dry, ventilated, light-transmitting place to dry until the water content of Angelica is 10 to 15%.

(M)冷凍滅蟲:將經步驟L之當歸根部置入一容器中,將容器放進一冷庫中連續冷凍5至10天後,逐步回至室溫。其中冷凍庫設定溫度為-15至-20℃。 (M) Freezing pest control: The root of the Angelica sinensis L. is placed in a container, and the container is placed in a cold storage for continuous freezing for 5 to 10 days, and then gradually returned to room temperature. The freezer set temperature is -15 to -20 °C.

(N)忌避儲存:將當歸根部自該容器中取出,並裝入一清潔麻袋,同時在一布袋內裝入花椒,每5至10個清潔麻袋中間設置1個布袋。中布袋內放置有40至60公克之花椒。 (N) Repellent storage: Take the root of the angelica from the container and put it into a clean sack. At the same time, put a pepper in a bag, and set a bag in the middle of every 5 to 10 clean sacks. 40 to 60 grams of pepper is placed in the middle bag.

(O)包裝:將經步驟N之當歸根部進行一包裝加工程序,包裝加工程序係設定工作參數為抽氣時間為10至15秒、壓力為-10至-12帕,和熱封時間為1至2秒。 (O) Packing: A package processing procedure will be carried out through the root of the step N, and the packaging processing program sets the working parameters to be 10 to 15 seconds, the pressure is -10 to -12 Pa, and the heat sealing time is 1. Up to 2 seconds.

本發明之有機當歸生產方法的優勢在於,以有機客土育苗,滅除地下有害生物源、減輕雜草危害的同時,增加土壤鉀素,使植株在不施用化肥、農藥的條件下生長健壯;且可配合傳統產地區域環境的育苗時間,並揭示其技術關鍵處理時機,發展相應的越冬處理方法,避免當歸種苗發生春化現象,抑制植株生殖生長、促進營養生長,將當歸早抽薹率控制在20%以下。並選擇特定規格的種苗進行移栽,避免了因苗齡過長、種苗過大造成的移栽後早抽薹嚴重,及苗齡過短、種苗過小造成的藥材減產問題;且採用輪作作業以自然方法防治病蟲害,減少對農藥的投入,保護環境,保障有機當歸的活性成分含量和品質安全。並且以冷凍除蟲和負壓包裝的手段,防止當歸走油、吸濕、蟲蛀、腐爛的現象,並運用自然資源忌避害蟲,無需使用有害之化學藥劑,可有滿足出口要求。 The method of the organic angelica production method of the invention has the advantages that the organic guest soil is used for seedling, the underground harmful organism source is eliminated, the weed damage is reduced, and the soil potassium is increased, so that the plant grows vigorously without applying the fertilizer and the pesticide; It can also cooperate with the nursery time in the traditional producing area environment, and reveal the key processing time of its technology, develop the corresponding wintering treatment method, avoid the vernalization phenomenon of Angelica seedlings, inhibit the reproductive growth of plants, promote vegetative growth, and control the early convulsion rate of Angelica sinensis. 20% or less. And selecting seedlings of specific specifications for transplanting, avoiding the problem of early convulsions after transplanting due to excessive seedling age, excessive seedlings, and short-term seedling age and seedlings being too small; and adopting a rotation method with natural methods Control pests and diseases, reduce the investment in pesticides, protect the environment, and ensure the content and quality of the active ingredients of organic angelica. It also uses the means of freezing and deworming and negative pressure packaging to prevent the phenomenon of oil, moisture, insects and decay of Angelica, and uses natural resources to avoid pests. It does not need to use harmful chemicals, and can meet export requirements.

A~O‧‧‧步驟 A~O‧‧‧ steps

第1圖本發明之有機當歸生產方法流程圖 1 is a flow chart of the organic angelica production method of the present invention

為使大眾能夠依照本發明法所揭示之內容據以實施,關於本 發明之有機當歸生產方法,請參照第1圖,第1圖為本發明之有機當歸生產方法流程圖,其施作技巧與技術關鍵將具體敘述如下,其方法步驟包含(A)整地理厢、(B)種子處理、(C)播種、(D)育苗、(E)起苗、(F)儲藏、(G)碎墾起壟、(H)移栽、(I)病蟲害防治、(J)採收、(K)堆垛發汗、(L)清洗乾燥、(M)冷凍滅蟲、(N)忌避儲存,以及(O)包裝。本法實施例詳述如下: In order to enable the public to implement the contents disclosed in the law of the present invention, For the organic angelica production method of the invention, please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a flow chart of the organic angelica production method of the present invention. The application techniques and technical key points will be specifically described as follows. The method steps include (A) the entire geographical compartment, (B) Seed treatment, (C) sowing, (D) seedling, (E) seedling, (F) storage, (G) broken ridge ridge, (H) transplanting, (I) pest control, (J) Harvesting, (K) stacking and sweating, (L) washing and drying, (M) freezing and pest control, (N) repellent storage, and (O) packaging. The examples of this law are detailed as follows:

(A)整地理厢:選擇排水良好的一緩坡平地且土壤質地為砂壤土或壤土,同時緩坡平地可選擇非有機地塊上風方向的生荒地、非有機地塊水流上游方向的生荒地、或撂荒3年以上的地塊,進行一翻耕曬墾作業和一平整理厢作業,其中翻耕深度需介於20至45公分,使緩坡平地上形成至少一厢面,並於厢面覆蓋一客土,而厢面之寬度為100至125公分、高度為10至20公分。其中客土之組成如下:重量百分比10至15%的火土、重量百分比10至15%的農家肥、重量百分比15至20%的腐殖質土、重量百分比10至15%的泥炭質軟土及重量百分比40至50%的生土。若在高海拔地區施行須配合後續步驟地時程安排,但本發明並不以此為限,以本實施例而言,海拔高度為2600至3200公尺時,係自六月上旬進行前述之翻耕曬墾作業,七月中旬開始進行平整理厢作業。 (A) The whole geographical compartment: choose a gentle slope with good drainage and the soil texture is sandy loam or loam. At the same time, the gentle slope can choose the wasteland in the upwind direction of the non-organic block, and the wasteland in the upstream direction of the non-organic block flow. Or land plots that have been abandoned for more than 3 years, carry out a ploughing and drying operation and a flat-finishing operation, in which the depth of ploughing needs to be between 20 and 45 cm, so that at least one compartment is formed on the gentle slope and covered with one surface. Guest soil, and the width of the car is 100 to 125 cm and the height is 10 to 20 cm. The composition of the guest soil is as follows: 10 to 15% by weight of fire soil, 10 to 15% by weight of farmyard manure, 15 to 20% by weight of humus soil, 10 to 15% by weight of peat soft soil and weight A percentage of 40 to 50% of the soil. If the schedule is arranged in a high-altitude area, the present invention is not limited thereto. In the present embodiment, when the altitude is 2600 to 3200 meters, the foregoing is performed from the beginning of June. The ploughing and drying operation began in the middle of July.

接著可以準備播種程序,首先進行步驟(B)種子處理:取當歸種子,當歸種子可選取來自中國之甘肅、雲南、四川、青海、陝西、湖南、湖北或貴州所生產之學名為Angelica sinensis的種子,以25至35℃溫水浸泡12至24小時將當歸種子瀝乾後,再以0.1至0.2%的一殺菌液浸泡20至35分鐘後,撈出瀝乾。其中殺菌液可為高錳酸鉀溶液、硝酸鉀溶液或碳酸鉀溶液,本實施例中係選用高錳酸鉀溶液。 Then you can prepare the seeding process, first step (B) seed treatment: take the angelica seeds, Angelica seeds can be selected from China's Gansu, Yunnan, Sichuan, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Hunan, Hubei or Guizhou produced by the scientific name Angelica sinensis Seeds, soaked in warm water of 25 to 35 ° C for 12 to 24 hours to drain the angelica seeds, then soaked in 0.1 to 0.2% of a sterilizing solution for 20 to 35 minutes, and then drained and drained. The sterilizing liquid may be a potassium permanganate solution, a potassium nitrate solution or a potassium carbonate solution. In the present embodiment, a potassium permanganate solution is used.

(C)播種:將經步驟B之當歸種子於七月下旬至八月上旬播種於步驟A之客土,每畝播種量為2至6公斤,均勻撒播,播後覆蓋一火土層後,於火土層上蓋一松針層。其中火土層厚度為0.5至1.5公分,而松針層厚度為0.5至5公分。 (C) Sowing: Seeds of Angelica sinensis in step B are sown in the soil of step A from late July to early August. The seeding amount per acre is 2 to 6 kg, evenly spread, and after covering a fire layer after sowing, Cover a layer of pine needles on the fire layer. The thickness of the fire soil layer is 0.5 to 1.5 cm, and the thickness of the pine needle layer is 0.5 to 5 cm.

(D)育苗:育苗期間(約為2至4個月)須防止田間積水、拔除雜草、發現病株及時拔除,並在病穴撒施生石灰消毒,於當歸苗高度為4至6公分時,去除步驟C之松針層覆蓋。 (D) Seedling: During the nursery period (about 2 to 4 months), it is necessary to prevent water accumulation in the field, remove weeds, and find the diseased plants to be removed in time, and apply lime to disinfect them in the diseased area. When the height of the angelica seedlings is 4 to 6 cm. , remove the pine needle layer cover of step C.

(E)起苗:十月中旬至下旬開始起苗,起苗時機選擇步驟D之當歸苗之地上葉片開始枯黃、但尚未倒苗時,將厢面土層挖虛後,避免傷芽和根將苗拔出,抖掉大塊泥土,去除病苗、傷殘苗和爛根苗,摘掉葉子,並保留至少一葉柄。其中至少一葉柄長度為0.5至2公分。 (E) Seedlings: Beginning in mid-October to the beginning of the next year, the seedlings are selected at the timing of the seedlings. The leaves on the seedlings of the D-Miao seedlings begin to be yellow, but when the seedlings have not been poured, the soil of the carcass is dug, avoiding the buds and roots. Pull out the seedlings, shake off the large pieces of soil, remove the diseased, disabled and dead roots, remove the leaves, and retain at least one petiole. At least one of the petiole lengths is 0.5 to 2 cm.

(F)儲藏:將經步驟E之當歸苗放置在陰涼、通風處使之自然乾燥,至殘留葉柄幹縮時,進行室內一越冬處理,選擇陰涼、通風、清潔的房間並準備清潔細砂和木箱(高度至少35公分、寬度至少20公分),越冬處理係將當歸苗與至少一細砂層間隔層疊,且最上層與最下層皆為至少一細砂層,細砂層最底層厚度為5至10公分、最上層厚度為20至30公分。其中越冬處理其特徵在於保持細砂層之相對濕度在20至40%,同時室內環境濕度為50至60%。 (F) Storage: Place the Angelica sinensis seedlings in step E in a cool, ventilated place to dry naturally. When the residual petiole is dry, perform a wintering treatment in the room, choose a cool, ventilated, clean room and prepare to clean the fine sand and Wooden box (at least 35 cm in height and at least 20 cm in width), the wintering treatment is to separate the angelica seedlings and at least one fine sand layer, and the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer are at least one fine sand layer, and the bottom layer of the fine sand layer has a thickness of 5 to 10 The centimeters and the uppermost layer are 20 to 30 cm thick. The wintering treatment is characterized in that the relative humidity of the fine sand layer is maintained at 20 to 40%, and the indoor environment humidity is 50 to 60%.

(G)碎墾起壟:於次年之三月下旬至四月上旬,自每畝緩坡平地施入腐熟農家肥1800至2200公斤作為基肥,並進行一碎墾起壟作業以在緩坡平地上形成至少一壟面,點火熏燒壟面,燒後覆蓋一地膜。其中碎墾起壟作業,係將壟面之寬度整為30至50公分,並於壟面之表土中間鋪放 作物秸稈、植物殘茬或松針。 (G) Broken ridges: From the end of March to the beginning of April of the following year, 1800 to 2200 kg of decomposed farmyard manure is applied as a base fertilizer from a gentle slope of acre, and a smashing operation is carried out on a gentle slope. Form at least one ridge surface, ignite the ridged surface, and cover the mulch after burning. Among them, the ridge ridge operation is to make the width of the ridge surface 30 to 50 cm, and lay it in the middle of the topsoil of the ridge surface. Crop straw, plant debris or pine needles.

(H)移栽:於步驟G之碎墾起壟作業後,選擇陰天或傍晚,將地膜挖穴以移栽當歸苗於至少一壟面,栽後覆土3至6公分,並去除地膜,栽植期間挖除早抽薹植株。其中當歸苗重量為0.5至2公克的無病、無傷種苗,且係以行距為25至35公分、株距為25至30公分移栽至前述壟面。 (H) Transplanting: After the ridge ridge operation in step G, select cloudy or evening, dig the ground film to transplant the angelica seedlings to at least one ridge surface, cover the soil 3 to 6 cm after planting, and remove the mulch film. Early twitching plants were excavated during planting. Among them, the Angelica sinensis seedlings have a disease-free, non-injured seedling with a weight of 0.5 to 2 grams, and are transplanted to the aforementioned ridge surface with a row spacing of 25 to 35 cm and a plant spacing of 25 to 30 cm.

(I)病蟲害防治:每隔一行壟面,種植一行白菜、蘿蔔或蔓菁,並進行一輪作作業。其中輪作作業係種植一季輪作一季,並選擇與玉米、白芸豆、油菜、蕎麥或青稞進行輪作,種植時期發現帶病植株即時清除,並撒生石灰於其病穴進行消毒。 (I) Pest Control: Plant a row of cabbage, radish or broccoli every other row of ridges and perform a round of homework. The rotation operation is to plant a season of rotation for a season, and choose to rotate with corn, white kidney beans, rapeseed, buckwheat or green barley. During the planting period, the diseased plants are immediately removed and the lime is sprinkled in the diseased area for disinfection.

(J)採收:約於次年之10月中旬至下旬,當歸苗生長為當歸植株,且當歸植株葉片發黃時,割除地上部分莖葉,並於5至10天後採挖當歸植株之當歸根部,採挖深度大於30公分,以確保當歸根部的完整性,原地晾曬(約3至6小時)。 (J) Harvesting: In the middle to late October of the following year, when the Angelica sinensis seedlings grow into Angelica sinensis plants, and the leaves of Angelica sinensis plants turn yellow, some above-ground stems and leaves are cut off, and the Angelica sinensis plants are harvested after 5 to 10 days. At the root of Angelica sinensis, the depth of excavation is greater than 30 cm to ensure the integrity of the roots of Angelica sinensis, and to dry in place (about 3 to 6 hours).

(K)堆垛發汗:選擇乾燥、通風、透光的場所,將採收的當歸根部清理雜質後,堆疊當歸至高度為0.1至1.2公尺,時間約為1至2天,使當歸根部蒸散其水份,直至根條柔軟、殘留葉柄幹縮為止。 (K) Stacking and sweating: Choose a dry, ventilated, light-transparent place. After removing the impurities from the roots of the harvested angelica, stack the angelica to a height of 0.1 to 1.2 meters for about 1 to 2 days, so that the roots of the angelica are evapotranated. Its moisture until the root strips are soft and the remaining petiole shrinks.

(L)清洗乾燥:將經步驟K後之當歸根部的根條平攤清洗,清洗方式可採用高壓水槍清洗、放入開敞容器人工漂洗或其組合方式,並運至乾燥、通風、透光的場所以單層或錯層攤放晾曬,每天翻動2次至當歸含水量為10至15%。 (L) Washing and drying: the root strip of the root of Angelica sinensis after step K is evenly cleaned, and the cleaning method can be cleaned by high-pressure water gun, placed in an open container, manually rinsed or combined, and transported to dry, ventilated, and transparent. The place is spread out in a single layer or in a split layer, and is turned twice a day until the water content of Angelica is 10 to 15%.

(M)冷凍滅蟲:將經步驟L之當歸根部置入一容器中,將容器放進一冷庫中連續冷凍5至10天後,逐步回至室溫。其中冷凍庫設定溫度 為-15至-20℃。 (M) Freezing pest control: The root of the Angelica sinensis L. is placed in a container, and the container is placed in a cold storage for continuous freezing for 5 to 10 days, and then gradually returned to room temperature. Freezer set temperature It is -15 to -20 °C.

(N)忌避儲存:將當歸根部自該容器中取出,並裝入一清潔麻袋,可將清潔麻袋放置於一木架上(木架距離地面0.1至0.5公尺、距離牆面1至2公尺),木架四周放置生石灰,同時在一布袋內裝入花椒,每5至10個清潔麻袋中間設置1個布袋。其中布袋內放置有40至60公克之花椒,此儲藏方式可於室溫下存放當歸根部長達6個月以上。 (N) Repellent storage: Take the root of Angelica sinensis from the container and put it into a clean sack. The cleaning sack can be placed on a wooden frame (the wooden frame is 0.1 to 0.5 meters from the ground and 1 to 2 meters from the wall). Ruler), put lime around the wooden frame, and put pepper in a bag, and set a bag in the middle of every 5 to 10 clean sacks. Among them, 40 to 60 grams of pepper is placed in the bag, which can be stored at room temperature for more than 6 months.

(O)包裝:將經步驟N之當歸根部進行一包裝加工程序。首先將該當歸根部置入負壓包裝袋中,以負壓包裝設備,進行包裝加工程序係設定工作參數為抽氣時間為10至15秒、壓力為-10至-12帕,和熱封時間為1至2秒。 (O) Packaging: A packaging processing procedure will be carried out via the root of the step N. Firstly, the root of the angelica is placed in a negative pressure packaging bag, and the packaging equipment is subjected to vacuum packaging equipment, and the packaging processing procedure is set to set the working parameters as pumping time of 10 to 15 seconds, pressure of -10 to -12 Pa, and heat sealing time. It is 1 to 2 seconds.

以上述本發明之有機當歸生產方法,所產出之有機當歸,其有效藥用成分阿魏酸(Ferulic Acid)含量為重量百分濃度0.12至0.3%和藳本內酯(Ligustilide)含量為重量百分濃度1%至2%;而常見農藥如五氯硝基苯(Quintozene)含量每公斤為0.01毫克以下、六氯環己烷(HCH)含量每公斤為0.02毫克以下、雙對氯苯基三氯乙烷(Dichloro-Diphenyl-Trichloroethane)含量每公斤為0.01毫克以下或艾氏劑(Aldrin)含量每公斤為0.02毫克以下;重金屬鉛含量每公斤為0.3毫克以下、銅含量為每公斤10.0毫克以下、鎘含量每公斤為0.05毫克以下、汞含量每公斤為0.02毫克以下或砷含量每公斤為0.2毫克以下。與傳統當歸生產方法相比,以本發明之有機當歸生產方法所得之有機當歸產品,其所含阿魏酸和藳本內酯為傳統法市售產品之兩倍以上,且農藥和重金屬殘留量均遠低於傳統法市售產品,數據結果則如下所示,其中表1為阿魏酸含量對比、表2為藳本內酯含量對比、表3為農藥殘含量對比 和表4為重金屬含量對比: According to the organic angelica production method of the present invention, the organic medicinal product produced has an effective pharmaceutical composition of Ferulic Acid in a concentration of 0.12 to 0.3% by weight and a weight of Ligustilide. The percentage concentration is 1% to 2%; while the common pesticides such as quinolone are less than 0.01 mg per kg, and the content of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) is 0.02 mg/kg or less, bis-chlorophenyl Dichloro-Diphenyl-Trichloroethane content is less than 0.01 mg per kg or Aldrin content is less than 0.02 mg per kg; heavy metal lead content is less than 0.3 mg per kg, and copper content is 10.0 mg per kg. Hereinafter, the cadmium content is 0.05 mg or less per kg, the mercury content is 0.02 mg or less per kg, or the arsenic content is 0.2 mg or less per kg. Compared with the traditional Chinese angelica production method, the organic angelica product obtained by the organic angelica production method of the invention contains ferulic acid and ligustilide which are more than twice as high as the traditional commercial products, and the residual amount of pesticides and heavy metals Both are far lower than the traditional marketed products, the data results are as follows, where Table 1 is the comparison of ferulic acid content, Table 2 is the comparison of the content of ligustilide, Table 3 is the comparison of pesticide residue content and Table 4 is the heavy metal content. Compared:

綜上所述,本發明之有機當歸生產方法,按當中有機肥配方和種子處理法的揭示施行,可得健康之有機當歸幼苗,且其中的越冬處理,可助幼苗度過寒冬,尤其是在高海拔地區,特別需要進行越冬處理的程序,以確保可得健壯幼苗,所得幼苗亦可供應有機或非有機當歸栽培使用,若 將上述幼苗同時採用本法之有機栽植與天然無害非農藥的病蟲害防治法,可得與常規種植方式相當產量之健康有機當歸,且適用於高寒冷涼之高海拔山區環境,保育自然環境。再將獲得之當歸產品,以冷凍滅蟲、忌避儲存和負壓包裝法處理,能有效防止於儲藏期間出現走油、吸濕、蟲蛀、腐爛等不良現象,同時此冷凍滅蟲和包裝法也適用於非有機當歸產品,使當歸產品,可耐長時間的運輸。本發明揭示之有機當歸生產方法,可維持傳統生產法的當歸產量,提升其藥用有效成分含量,並產出無毒零污染之高活性有機當歸產品,且應用範圍廣,高海拔地區亦適用此法,最重要的是生產成本低廉,又符合環保永續經營的概念,有利於當歸出口,提升產品形象,增進產業發展! In summary, the organic angelica production method of the present invention can be obtained according to the organic fertilizer formula and the seed treatment method, and the healthy organic angelica seedlings can be obtained, and the wintering treatment can help the seedlings to survive the winter, especially in the winter. At high altitudes, special procedures for wintering are needed to ensure that robust seedlings are available, and the resulting seedlings can also be supplied for organic or non-organic angelica cultivation. The above-mentioned seedlings adopt the organic planting method of the present method and the pest control method of natural harmless non-pesticide, and can obtain healthy organic angelica which is equivalent to the conventional planting method, and is suitable for high-cold and high-altitude mountainous environment to protect the natural environment. The obtained Angelica product can be treated by freeze-killing, repellent storage and negative pressure packaging, which can effectively prevent oil, moisture, insects, rot and other undesirable phenomena during storage, and the method of freezing pest control and packaging Also suitable for non-organic angelica products, so that Angelica products can withstand long-term transportation. The organic angelica production method disclosed by the invention can maintain the angelica yield of the traditional production method, enhance the content of the medicinal active ingredient, and produce the non-toxic and zero-pollution high-activity organic angelica product, and has a wide application range, and is also applicable to high-altitude regions. The most important thing is that the production cost is low, and it is in line with the concept of environmentally sustainable operation, which is conducive to the export of angelica, enhance product image and enhance industrial development!

A~O‧‧‧步驟 A~O‧‧‧ steps

Claims (14)

一種有機當歸生產方法,其步驟包含:(A)整地理厢:對一緩坡平地進行一翻耕曬墾作業和一平整理厢作業,使該緩坡平地上形成至少一厢面,並於該厢面覆蓋一客土;(B)種子處理:取當歸種子,以25至35℃溫水浸泡12至24小時將該當歸種子瀝乾後,以0.1至0.2%的一殺菌液浸泡20至35分鐘後,撈出瀝乾;(C)播種:將經步驟B之該當歸種子播種於步驟A之該客土,每畝播種量為2至6公斤,播後覆蓋一火土層後,於該火土層上蓋一松針層;(D)育苗:育苗期間防止田間積水、拔除雜草、發現病株及時拔除並在病穴撒施生石灰消毒,於當歸苗高度為4至6公分時,去除步驟C之該松針層覆蓋;(E)起苗:起苗時機選擇步驟D之該當歸苗之地上葉片開始枯黃、但尚未倒苗時摘掉葉子,並保留至少一葉柄;(F)儲藏:將經步驟E之該當歸苗放置在陰涼、通風處使之自然乾燥,至殘留葉柄幹縮時,進行室內一越冬處理,該越冬處理係將該當歸苗與至少一細砂層間隔層疊,且最上層與最下層皆為該至少一細砂層;(G)碎墾起壟:於每畝該緩坡平地施入腐熟農家肥1800至2200公斤作基肥,並進行一碎墾起壟作業以在該緩坡平地上形成至少一壟面,點火熏燒該至少一壟面,燒後覆蓋一地膜;(H)移栽:於步驟G之該碎墾起壟作業後,將該地膜挖穴以移栽該當歸苗於該至少一壟面,栽後覆土3至6公分,並去除該地膜,栽植期間挖除早抽薹植株;(I)病蟲害防治:每隔一行該至少一壟面,種植一行白菜、蘿蔔或蔓菁,並 進行一輪作作業;(J)採收:於該當歸苗生長為當歸植株,且該當歸植株葉片發黃時,割除地上部分莖葉,並於5至10天後採挖該當歸植株之當歸根部;(K)堆垛發汗:選擇乾燥、通風、透光的場所,將採收的該當歸根部清理雜質後,使該當歸根部蒸散其水份,直至根條柔軟、殘留葉柄幹縮為止;(L)清洗乾燥:將經步驟K後之該當歸根部的根條平攤清洗,並運至乾燥、通風、透光的場所晾曬至該當歸含水量為10至15%;(M)冷凍滅蟲:將經步驟L之該當歸根部置入一容器中,將該容器放進一冷庫中連續冷凍5至10天後,逐步回至室溫;(N)忌避儲存:將該當歸根部自該容器中取出,並裝入一清潔麻袋,同時在一布袋內裝入花椒,每5至10個該清潔麻袋中間設置1個該布袋;以及(O)包裝:將經步驟N之該當歸根部進行一包裝加工程序。 An organic angelica production method comprises the following steps: (A) arranging a geographical compartment: performing a ploughing and drying operation on a gentle slope flat land and a flat finishing operation, so that at least one compartment is formed on the gentle slope and the plane is Covering a guest soil; (B) Seed treatment: taking angelica seeds, soaking in angelica seeds by soaking in warm water at 25 to 35 ° C for 12 to 24 hours, soaking for 20 to 35 minutes with 0.1 to 0.2% of a sterilizing solution (C) sowing: the seed of the Angelica sinensis in step B is sown in the guest soil of step A, the seeding amount per acre is 2 to 6 kg, and after covering a fire layer after sowing, the fire is applied to the fire. Cover the soil layer with a pine needle layer; (D) Seedling: prevent water accumulation in the field during seedling cultivation, remove weeds, find the diseased plants in time and dispose of the lime in the diseased area. When the height of the angelica seedlings is 4 to 6 cm, remove step C. The pine needle layer covers; (E) seedling: seedling timing selection step D of the angelica seedlings leaves begin to yellow, but the leaves are removed when the seedlings have not been poured, and at least one petiole is retained; (F) storage: Step E of the Angelica seedlings placed in a cool, ventilated place to make it naturally dry to residual leaves When the handle is dry, the indoor wintering treatment is performed, and the wintering treatment is to stack the angelica seedlings and the at least one fine sand layer, and the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer are the at least one fine sand layer; (G) the broken ridge ridge: Applying 1800 to 2200 kg of decomposed farmyard manure as the base fertilizer per mu of the gentle slope, and performing a burrowing operation to form at least one ridge surface on the gentle slope flat surface, igniting and burning the at least one ridge surface, and burning after covering one (H) transplanting: after the ridge ridge operation in step G, the ground film is burrowed to transplant the angelica seedling on the at least one ridge surface, and the soil is covered by 3 to 6 cm after the planting, and the mulch is removed. Excavation of early twitching plants during planting; (I) pest control: planting a row of cabbage, radish or broccoli in at least one ridge surface every other row, and (J) Harvesting: When the angelica seedling grows into an angelica plant, and the leaves of the angelica plant are yellow, the aboveground part of the stems and leaves are cut off, and the roots of the angelica of the angelica plant are harvested after 5 to 10 days. (K) stacking and sweating: choose a dry, ventilated, light-transparent place, and clean the collected roots of the roots of the angelica, so that the roots of the angelica evade its water until the root strips are soft and the residual petiole shrinks; L) Washing and drying: the root strip of the root of the angelica root after step K is evenly cleaned and transported to a dry, ventilated, light-transmitting place to be aired until the water content of the angelica is 10 to 15%; (M) frozen pest control : placing the root of the angelica root in step L into a container, placing the container in a cold storage for 5 to 10 consecutive days, and then gradually returning to room temperature; (N) avoiding storage: the root of the angelica from the container Take out and put in a clean sack, and put a pepper in a bag, set one bag every 5 to 10 in the middle of the cleaning sack; and (O) package: a package will be carried out through the root of step N Processing program. 如申請專利範圍1所述之有機當歸生產方法,其中步驟A之該翻耕曬墾作業,其翻耕深度需介於20至45公分,且該厢面之寬度為100至125公分、高度為10至20公分。 The organic angelica production method according to claim 1, wherein the ploughing and drying operation of the step A requires a depth of 20 to 45 cm, and the width of the box is 100 to 125 cm, and the height is 10 to 20 cm. 如申請專利範圍1所述之有機當歸生產方法,其中步驟A之該客土之組成如下:重量百分比10至15%的火土、重量百分比10至15%的農家肥、重量百分比15至20%的腐殖質土、重量百分比10至15%的泥炭質軟土及重量百分比40至50%的生土。 The organic angelica production method according to claim 1, wherein the composition of the guest soil of the step A is as follows: 10 to 15% by weight of the ground soil, 10 to 15% by weight of the farmyard manure, and 15 to 20% by weight. The humus soil, 10 to 15% by weight of peat soft soil and 40 to 50% by weight of raw soil. 如申請專利範圍1所述之有機當歸生產方法,其中步驟B之該殺菌液包含高錳酸鉀溶液、硝酸鉀溶液或碳酸鉀溶液。 The organic angelica production method according to claim 1, wherein the sterilizing liquid of the step B comprises a potassium permanganate solution, a potassium nitrate solution or a potassium carbonate solution. 如申請專利範圍1所述之有機當歸生產方法,其中步驟C之該火土層厚度 為0.5至1.5公分,而該松針層厚度為0.5至5公分。 The organic angelica production method according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the fire layer in step C is It is 0.5 to 1.5 cm, and the pine needle layer has a thickness of 0.5 to 5 cm. 如申請專利範圍1所述之有機當歸生產方法,其中步驟E之該至少一葉柄長度為0.5至2公分。 The organic angelica production method of claim 1, wherein the at least one petiole of step E has a length of 0.5 to 2 cm. 如申請專利範圍1所述之有機當歸生產方法,其中步驟F之該越冬處理其特徵在於保持該至少一細砂層之相對濕度在20至40%。 The organic angelica production method according to claim 1, wherein the wintering treatment of the step F is characterized in that the relative humidity of the at least one fine sand layer is maintained at 20 to 40%. 如申請專利範圍1所述之有機當歸生產方法,其中步驟G之該碎墾起壟作業,係將該至少一壟面之寬度整為30至50公分,並於該至少一壟面之表土中間鋪放作物秸稈、植物殘茬或松針。 The method of claim 1, wherein the ridge ridge operation of the step G is performed by dividing the width of the at least one ridge surface by 30 to 50 cm, and in the middle of the topsoil of the at least one ridge surface. Spread crop stalks, plant residues or pine needles. 如申請專利範圍1所述之有機當歸生產方法,其中步驟H之該當歸苗重量為0.5至2公克的無病、無傷種苗,且係以行距為25至35公分、株距為25至30公分移栽至該至少一壟面。 The organic angelica production method according to claim 1, wherein the seed of the seed of the step H is 0.5 to 2 grams of disease-free, non-injured seedlings, and is transplanted at a row spacing of 25 to 35 cm and a plant spacing of 25 to 30 cm. To the at least one ridge face. 如申請專利範圍1所述之有機當歸生產方法,其中步驟I之該輪作作業係種植一季輪作一季,並選擇與玉米、白芸豆、油菜、蕎麥或青稞進行輪作。 The organic angelica production method according to claim 1, wherein the rotation operation of the step I is planted for one season and one season, and the crop is selected to be rotated with corn, white kidney bean, rape, buckwheat or barley. 如申請專利範圍1所述之有機當歸生產方法,其中步驟M之該冷凍庫設定其溫度為-15至-20℃。 The organic angelica production method according to claim 1, wherein the freezer of step M is set to have a temperature of -15 to -20 °C. 如申請專利範圍1所述之有機當歸生產方法,其中步驟N之該布袋內放置有40至60公克之花椒。 The organic angelica production method according to claim 1, wherein 40 to 60 grams of pepper is placed in the bag of step N. 如申請專利範圍1所述之有機當歸生產方法,其中步驟O之該包裝加工程序係設定工作參數為抽氣時間為10至15秒、壓力為-10至-12帕,和熱封時間為1至2秒。 The organic angelica production method according to claim 1, wherein the packaging processing procedure of step O sets the working parameters to be 10 to 15 seconds, the pressure is -10 to -12 Pa, and the heat sealing time is 1 Up to 2 seconds. 一種有機當歸產品,係由申請專利範圍1所述之有機當歸生產方法所製作,其特徵在於該有機當歸產品之阿魏酸含量為重量百分濃度0.12至0.3%、 藳本內酯含量為重量百分濃度1%至2%、五氯硝基苯含量每公斤為0.01毫克以下、六氯環己烷含量每公斤為0.02毫克以下、雙對氯苯基三氯乙烷含量每公斤為0.01毫克以下、艾氏劑含量每公斤為0.02毫克以下、鉛含量每公斤為0.3毫克以下、銅含量為每公斤10.0毫克以下、鎘含量每公斤為0.05毫克以下、汞含量每公斤為0.02毫克以下或砷含量每公斤為0.2毫克以下。 An organic angelica product produced by the organic angelica production method described in Patent Application No. 1, characterized in that the content of ferulic acid of the organic angelica product is 0.12 to 0.3% by weight, The content of ligustilide is 1% to 2% by weight, the content of pentachloronitrobenzene is 0.01 mg or less per kg, the content of Hexachlorocyclohexane is 0.02 mg or less per kg, and di-p-chlorophenyltrichloroethane. The alkane content is less than 0.01 mg per kg, the aldrin content is less than 0.02 mg per kg, the lead content is less than 0.3 mg per kg, the copper content is less than 10.0 mg per kg, the cadmium content is less than 0.05 mg per kg, and the mercury content is The kg is less than 0.02 mg or the arsenic content is less than 0.2 mg per kg.
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