TW201531505A - 酚樹脂發泡體及其製造方法 - Google Patents
酚樹脂發泡體及其製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201531505A TW201531505A TW104102399A TW104102399A TW201531505A TW 201531505 A TW201531505 A TW 201531505A TW 104102399 A TW104102399 A TW 104102399A TW 104102399 A TW104102399 A TW 104102399A TW 201531505 A TW201531505 A TW 201531505A
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- phenol resin
- mass
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- foaming agent
- raw material
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Abstract
本發明之課題在於提供一種抑制環境負荷,並且阻燃性優異,進而可長期維持優異之隔熱性能之酚樹脂發泡體及其製造方法。
本發明揭示一種酚樹脂發泡體,其含有酚樹脂、及包含氯化氫氟烯烴或非氯化氫氟烯烴中之至少任一者之發泡劑。關於酚樹脂發泡體,密度為10kg/m3以上且150kg/m3以下,10℃之環境下之熱導率為0.0175W/m‧k以下,23℃之環境下之熱導率為0.0185W/m‧k以下。
Description
本發明係關於一種酚樹脂發泡體及其製造方法。
近年來,由於對節能之意識提高及下一代節能基準之義務化等,逐漸要求住宅之高氣密、高隔熱。隨著此種住宅之隔熱性能提高,預想到成為必須之隔熱材料之厚度增加,但由於室內之居住空間之壓迫及牆體內之空間有限,故而產生變得需要隔熱材料之厚度增加所伴隨之設計變更的問題。又,隔熱材料由於係在牆體內施工,故而居住過程中之對新品之更換非常困難,故而亦要求長期維持隔熱性能。
作為住宅用途之隔熱材料,使用以玻璃絨、岩絨為首之纖維系之隔熱材料、或使苯乙烯、胺基甲酸酯、酚樹脂發泡而成之發泡塑膠系之隔熱材料。其中,已知發泡塑膠系之隔熱材料根據內包於氣泡內之發泡劑之種類及狀態,隔熱性能受到較大影響。
先前,作為用於發泡塑膠系隔熱材料之製品的發泡劑,使用熱導率較低之氟氯碳化物(CFC),但CFC較大推動臭氧層之破壞及氣候變化,因而根據1987年通過之蒙特婁議定書,規定禁止使用。其結果為,雖然進行有將發泡劑向臭氧破壞係數、全球暖化係數相對較低之氫氟碳(HFC)之轉換,但HFC仍然具有較高之全球暖化係數,因此推進發泡劑向烴系發泡劑之轉換。
關於烴系之發泡劑,就其臭氧破壞係數及全球暖化係數較低且
環保之觀點而言為優異之發泡劑。但是,烴系之發泡劑由於為可燃性,故而於使用其之情形時,有必須將製造設備設為防爆規格,而設備非常昂貴之傾向。又,內包於隔熱材料之氣泡中之可燃性之烴系發泡劑會提高發泡塑膠系隔熱材料之燃燒性。尤其是氧指數為26體積%以下之隔熱材料成為指定可燃物,因而存在對其保管場所、保存方法設有限制之問題。進而,於在施工安裝有上述隔熱材料之建築物中發生火災之情形時,亦有隔熱材料加快火焰之蔓延速度的問題。
專利文獻1、2、3、4及5中揭示有大量氣體種類作為臭氧破壞係數大致為0,全球暖化係數較低,且為阻燃性之氯化或非氯化氫氟烯烴。
[專利文獻1]日本專利特開2008-546892號公報
[專利文獻2]日本專利特開2013-64139號公報
[專利文獻3]日本專利特開2010-522819號公報
[專利文獻4]日本專利特表2009-513812號公報
[專利文獻5]日本專利特開2011-504538號公報
上述專利文獻1~5中揭示有多種氯化或非氯化氫氟烯烴,其中,1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯、1,3,3,3-四氟-1-丙烯、2,3,3,3-四氟-1-丙烯、1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯具有臭氧破壞係數及全球暖化係數較低,進而具有阻燃性之特徵。然而,上述文獻中僅記載有該等應用於易燃性之聚苯乙烯、聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂之發泡體之具體例,不認為充分發揮出氯化或非氯化氫氟烯烴之阻燃性。
另一方面,關於酚樹脂發泡體,酚樹脂本身具有阻燃性,但於
使用可燃性之烴系發泡劑之情形時阻燃性會受到阻礙,而顧慮無法充分發揮出阻燃性。
此處,上述氯化或非氯化氫氟烯烴對於酚樹脂發泡體用途並非最適合。對於1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯、1,3,3,3-四氟-1-丙烯、2,3,3,3-四氟-1-丙烯、1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯,顧慮由於與酚樹脂之親和性較高,故而獨立氣泡率降低,或發泡劑向發泡體外之擴散速度較快,故而長期使用時之熱導率之經時變化增大。
本發明之目的在於提供一種可抑制環境負荷,並且阻燃性優異,進而可長期維持優異之隔熱性能之酚樹脂發泡體及其製造方法。
本發明者等人為了達成上述目的而反覆努力研究,結果發現:藉由使用氯化或非氯化氫氟烯烴作為發泡劑,可獲得抑制環境負荷,並且阻燃性優異,進而可長期維持優異之隔熱性能之酚樹脂發泡體、及該酚樹脂發泡體之製造方法,從而完成本發明。即,本發明係關於以下內容。
[1]一種酚樹脂發泡體,其含有酚樹脂、及包含氯化氫氟烯烴或非氯化氫氟烯烴中之至少任一者之發泡劑,密度為10kg/m3以上且150kg/m3以下,10℃之環境下之熱導率為0.0175W/m‧k以下,且23℃之環境下之熱導率為0.0185W/m‧k以下。
[2]如[1]之酚樹脂發泡體,其氧指數為28體積%以上。
[3]如[1]或[2]之酚樹脂發泡體,其於110℃之氛圍下放置14天之條件後之10℃環境下之熱導率為0.0185W/m‧k以下。
[4]如[1]至[3]中任一項之酚樹脂發泡體,其獨立氣泡率為90%以上,平均氣泡直徑為50μm以上且200μm以下,且空隙面積率為0.2%以下。
[5]如[1]至[4]中任一項之酚樹脂發泡體,其中上述發泡劑含有選自由1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯、1,3,3,3-四氟-1-丙烯、2,3,3,3-四氟-1-丙烯及1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯所組成之群中之至少1種烯烴。
[6]一種製造酚樹脂發泡體之方法,其係包括使含有酚樹脂、界面活性劑、硬化觸媒及發泡劑之發泡性酚樹脂組合物於面材上發泡及硬化之步驟的方法,並且上述發泡劑含有氯化氫氟烯烴或非氯化氫氟烯烴中之至少任一者,上述酚樹脂之重量平均分子量Mw為400以上且3000以下,上述重量平均分子量Mw相對於上述酚樹脂之數量平均分子量Mn之比Mw/Mn為1.5以上且6.0以下,上述重量平均分子量Mw及上述數量平均分子量Mn係藉由凝膠滲透層析法所求出之值。
[7]如[6]之方法,其中上述發泡性酚樹脂組合物係含有包含上述酚樹脂及水之酚樹脂原料、上述界面活性劑、上述硬化觸媒、及上述發泡劑之混合物,上述酚樹脂原料之水分率以上述酚樹脂原料之質量為基準,為1質量%以上且20質量%以下。
根據本發明,可提供一種雖然使用臭氧破壞係數及全球暖化係數極低之發泡劑,但阻燃性優異,進而可長期維持優異之隔熱性能之酚樹脂發泡體及其製造方法。
以下,對用以實施本發明之形態(以下稱為「本實施形態」)進行詳細說明。本發明並不限定於以下之實施形態。
本實施形態之酚樹脂發泡體含有已硬化之酚樹脂、及含有氯化
氫氟烯烴(氫氯氟烯烴)或非氯化氫氟烯烴(氫氟烯烴)中之至少一者之發泡劑。
作為氯化或非氯化氫氟烯烴,較佳為選自由1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯、1,3,3,3-四氟-1-丙烯、2,3,3,3-四氟-1-丙烯、及1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯所組成之群中之至少1種烯烴。酚樹脂發泡體中之發泡劑含有至少1種氯化或非氯化氫氟烯烴即可,亦可含有2種以上氯化或非氯化氫氟烯烴。
本實施形態中之酚樹脂發泡體之密度為10kg/m3以上且150kg/m3以下,較佳為15kg/m3以上且70kg/m3以下,更佳為15kg/m3以上且40kg/m3以下,進而較佳為20kg/m3以上且35kg/m3以下,最佳為20kg/m3以上且28kg/m3以下。若密度低於10kg/m3,則強度較低,搬運或施工時發泡體變得易於破損。又,若密度較低,則有氣泡膜變薄之傾向。若氣泡膜較薄,則發泡體中之發泡劑變得易於與空氣進行置換,或因發泡時氣泡膜變得易於破裂故而變得難以獲得較高獨立氣泡構造,而有長期之隔熱性能降低之傾向。又,若密度高於150kg/m3,則源自以酚樹脂為首之固形物成分之固體之熱導變大,因而有隔熱性能降低之傾向。
本實施形態中之酚樹脂發泡體於10℃之環境下所測得之熱導率為0.0175W/m‧k以下,較佳為0.0170W/m‧k以下,更佳為0.0165W/m‧k以下。酚樹脂發泡體於10℃之環境下所測得之熱導率之下限並無特別限制,通常為0.014W/m‧k左右。
本實施形態中之酚樹脂發泡體於23℃之環境下所測得之熱導率為0.0185W/m‧k以下,較佳為0.0180W/m‧k以下,更佳為0.0175W/m‧k以下。酚樹脂發泡體於23℃之環境下所測得之熱導率之下限並無特別限制,通常為0.015W/m‧k左右。關於熱導率之測定方法,於下述實施例中進行具體說明。
本實施形態中之酚樹脂發泡體之氧指數較佳為28體積%以上,更佳為29體積%以上,進而較佳為32體積%以上,尤佳為34體積%以上,最佳為35體積%以上。若氧指數低於28體積%,則於在施工安裝有含有發泡體之隔熱材料之建築物中發生火災之情形時,有隔熱材料加快火焰之蔓延速度之可能性,因而有可施工安裝隔熱材料之部位受到限定之情形。又,於形成發泡體與易燃性之構件之複合板之情形時,有複合板成為氧指數為26體積%以下之指定可燃物之情形,亦顧慮其保管場所、保存方法設有限制。
酚樹脂發泡體於110℃之氛圍下放置14天條件後之10℃之環境下之熱導率較佳為0.0185W/m‧k以下,更佳為0.0180W/m‧k以下,進而較佳為0.0175m‧k以下。該熱導率之下限並無特別限制,通常為0.016W/m‧k左右。
本實施形態中之酚樹脂發泡體之獨立氣泡率較佳為90%以上,更佳為95%以上,尤佳為97%以上且100%以下。若獨立氣泡率過低,則有內包於氣泡中之發泡劑變得易於與空氣進行置換,因而有經過長時間後之熱導率變高,或因氣泡膜變得易於破裂故而壓縮強度變低之傾向。
本實施形態中之酚樹脂發泡體之平均氣泡直徑較佳為50μm以上且200μm以下,更佳為50μm以上且150μm,進而較佳為60μm以上且110μm,尤佳為60μm以上且90μm。若平均氣泡直徑過大,則氣泡內之氣體之對流及利用氣泡膜之熱之隔斷變少,因而有初期之隔熱性能降低之傾向。若平均氣泡直徑過小,則各個氣泡膜會變薄,因而有壓縮強度降低之傾向。
本實施形態中之酚樹脂發泡體中,有部分存在被稱為空隙之大直徑孔之情形。通常認為空隙係因氣泡合一、發泡劑之不均勻之氣化、或源自樹脂中之高分子量成分之凝膠或異物等而形成。於本說明
書中,將空隙定義如下。即,將酚樹脂發泡體以切出平面之方式切斷,測定存在於所切出之平面(剖面)上之空隙部之面積時,將具有2mm2以上之面積之空隙部定義為空隙。於酚樹脂發泡體為板狀體之情形時,例如可自發泡方向(厚度方向)之中心部切出與正面及背面平行之橫剖面(與厚度方向正交之平面),並測定空隙部之面積。
酚樹脂發泡體之空隙面積率為酚樹脂發泡體之剖面內之空隙之面積相對於該剖面之面積之比率。若該空隙面積率過大,則有初期之隔熱性能降低之傾向,並且有隔熱性能之長期性能降低之傾向。又,亦有以空隙為起點產生構造缺陷,壓縮強度相對降低之可能性。本實施形態中之酚樹脂發泡體之空隙面積率較佳為0.2%以下,更佳為0.1%以下,進而較佳為0.08%以下,尤佳為0.05%以下。
本實施形態之酚樹脂發泡體可藉由使包含含有酚樹脂之酚樹脂原料、界面活性劑、酚樹脂之硬化觸媒、及發泡劑之發泡性酚樹脂組合物進行發泡及硬化而獲得。發泡體之空隙部主要由氣化之發泡劑所形成。
本實施形態之酚樹脂發泡體中之發泡劑含有氯化氫氟烯烴或非氯化氫氟烯烴中之至少一者。
於本實施形態中,關於該發泡劑中所含之氯化或非氯化氫氟烯烴之總含量,以發泡劑之總質量為基準,較佳為30質量%以上,更佳為50質量%以上,進而較佳為60質量%以上,特佳為70質量%以上,尤佳為80質量%以上且100質量%以下。若該發泡劑所含之氯化或非氯化氫氟烯烴之含量未達30質量%,則有隔熱性能及阻燃性降低之傾向。
於本實施形態中,發泡劑亦可含有上述氯化或非氯化氫氟烯烴以外之化合物。例如可使用碳數為3~7之環狀或鏈狀之烷烴、烯烴、炔烴作為發泡劑。具體而言,正丁烷、異丁烷、環丁烷、正戊烷、異
戊烷、環戊烷、新戊烷、正己烷、異己烷、2,2-二甲基丁烷、2,3-二甲基丁烷、環己烷等化合物可含有於發泡劑中。其中,適宜使用選自正戊烷、異戊烷、環戊烷及新戊烷等戊烷類,以及正丁烷、異丁烷及環丁烷等丁烷類中之化合物。
關於本實施形態之酚樹脂發泡體中之發泡劑之添加量,相對於酚樹脂(或酚樹脂原料)與界面活性劑之合計量100質量份,較佳為3.0質量份~25.0質量份,更佳為5.0質量份~22.5質量份,進而較佳為6.5質量份~22.5質量份,尤佳為7.5質量份~21.5質量份。若發泡劑之含量未達3.0質量份,則變得非常難以獲得所需之發泡倍率,而有形成高密度之發泡體之傾向。若發泡劑之含量超過25.0質量份,則因發泡劑之塑化效果導致酚樹脂組合物之黏度降低、及產生過量發泡,因而有發泡體之氣泡破裂,獨立氣泡率降低之傾向。若獨立氣泡率降低,則有長期隔熱性能及壓縮強度等物性降低之傾向。藉由將發泡劑相對於酚樹脂(或酚樹脂原料)與界面活性劑之合計量的添加量設為上述數值範圍內,可尤其容易地形成雖然使用含有氯化或非氯化氫氟烯烴之發泡劑,但具有10kg/m3以上且150kg/m3以下之密度之酚樹脂發泡體。
關於本實施形態之酚樹脂發泡體,例如可藉由具有使含有包含酚樹脂之酚樹脂原料、界面活性劑、硬化觸媒及發泡劑之發泡性酚樹脂組合物於面材上發泡及硬化之步驟的方法而製造。發泡劑含有至少一種氯化或非氯化氫氟烯烴。藉由凝膠滲透層析法所求出之酚樹脂之重量平均分子量Mw為400以上且3000以下。酚樹脂之重量平均分子量Mw相對於數量平均分子量Mn之比Mw/Mn為1.5以上且6.0以下。酚樹脂原料之水分率為1質量%以上且20質量%以下。
酚樹脂原料含有作為主成分之酚樹脂、水及視情形之其他成分。剛合成酚樹脂後之酚樹脂原料通常含有過量之水。因此,酚樹脂
原料可於脫水至特定水分量後,用於製備發泡性酚樹脂組合物。關於酚樹脂原料之水分率,以酚樹脂原料之質量為基準,較佳為1質量%以上且20質量%以下,更佳為1質量%以上且15質量%以下,進而較佳為2質量%以上且10質量%以下,進而較佳為3質量%以上且10質量%以下,最佳為3質量%以上且8.5質量%以下。於酚樹脂原料中之水分率少於1質量%之情形時,不僅因酚樹脂原料之黏度變得過高之故而設備為了可耐受高壓而大型化,而且於酚樹脂組合物之發泡及硬化時變得無法充分運用由水分產生之蒸發潛熱,因此有酚樹脂組合物異常發熱,獨立氣泡率降低之傾向。又,若酚樹脂原料之水分率高於20質量%,則不僅因酚樹脂組合物之黏度降低之故而獨立氣泡率降低,而且發泡硬化後之殘留水分變多,因此有隔熱性降低之傾向。進而,為了使上述殘留水分藉由加熱而發散,需要大量之能量及時間。
關於本實施形態中之酚樹脂,典型而言為酚與甲醛之縮聚物。該酚樹脂例如藉由將酚及甲醛作為原料,利用鹼性觸媒於40~100℃之溫度範圍內進行加熱,使之聚合而獲得。
藉由聚合而獲得之酚樹脂之利用凝膠滲透層析法所求出之重量平均分子量Mw通常為400以上且3000以下,較佳為500以上且2500以下,更佳為700以上且2500以下,進而較佳為1000以上且2000以下,最佳為1500以上且2000以下。若重量平均分子量Mw小於400,則由於酚核上大量殘留加成反應部位,故而於酚樹脂中混合硬化觸媒後之發熱量增大。因此,利用氯化或非氯化氫氟烯烴而塑化之酚樹脂組合物成為高溫,進而黏度降低。其結果為,發泡時誘發氣泡之破裂,獨立氣泡率降低。若獨立氣泡率降低,則有壓縮強度降低,熱導率之長期性能降低之傾向。又,酚樹脂組合物之黏度如上述般降低,則變得易於產生氣泡之合一化,因而空隙較多,易於形成平均氣泡直徑較大之發泡體。若重量平均分子量Mw大於3000,則酚樹脂原料及酚樹脂組
合物之黏度變得過高,因此為了獲得所需之發泡倍率,變得需要大量發泡劑。若發泡劑較多,則10℃環境下之熱導率變高。亦有酚樹脂發泡體之表面平滑性降低之傾向。又,由於酚樹脂中之低分子量成分變少,故而顧慮酚樹脂組合物之發泡、硬化中之發熱量降低,不進行充分之硬化反應而壓縮強度降低。認為壓縮強度可藉由增加酸性之硬化觸媒之添加量之方法、或者增加自烘箱等外部供給之熱風之溫度及/或風量之方法而獲得某程度之改善。但是,若增加酸性之硬化觸媒之添加量,則所獲得之酚樹脂發泡體之pH值降低,因而顧慮會腐蝕與酚樹脂發泡體接觸之金屬。為了增大自外部供給之熱風之溫度或風量,烘箱等加熱設備需要大型化,設備費用變高。若酚樹脂組合物之黏度變得過高,則為了調整為特定黏度,而產生添加塑化劑等之必要性,若如此,則容易引起獨立氣泡率之降低及空隙之增大。
本實施形態中之酚樹脂之藉由凝膠滲透層析法所求出之重量平均分子量Mw與數量平均分子量Mn之比Mw/Mn(分子量分佈)為1.5以上且6.0以下,較佳為2.0以上且5.5以下,更佳為2.2以上且5.0以下,進而較佳為2.7以上且4.5以下,最佳為3.0以上且4.0以下。若分子量分佈未達1.5,則變得易於在發泡時發生氣泡膜之破膜,因而獨立氣泡率降低。若獨立氣泡率降低,則有壓縮強度降低,並且熱導率之長期性能降低之傾向。又,由於低分子量成分變少,故而發泡硬化時之發熱量變少,變得必須增加自烘箱等外部供給之熱風之溫度及/或風量。為此,會產生設備之成本提高或運轉費用增加之類的問題。若分子量分佈大於6.0,則酚樹脂中之一部分高分子量成分變得易於凝膠化,發泡時以該凝膠為起點產生氣泡之破膜,因而獨立氣泡率降低,進而誘發產生空隙。其結果為,有壓縮強度降低,並且熱導率之長期性能降低之傾向。進而產生如下問題:因上述凝膠化成分,酚樹脂、發泡劑、硬化酸觸媒之混合噴出設備內受到污染,變得難以實現長時
間之穩定生產。
本實施形態中之酚樹脂(或酚樹脂原料)之黏度於40℃下較佳為5000mPa‧s以上且100000mPa‧s以下。又,就獨立氣泡率之提高或平均氣泡直徑降低之觀點而言,黏度較佳為7000mPa‧s以上且50000mPa‧s以下,尤佳為7000mPa‧s以上且30000mPa‧s以下。若酚樹脂(或酚樹脂原料)之黏度過低,則發泡性酚樹脂組合物中之氣泡核會合一化,因而有氣泡直徑變得過大之傾向。進而,由於氣泡膜因發泡壓而容易地破裂,故而有導致獨立氣泡率降低之傾向。若酚樹脂(或酚樹脂原料)之黏度過高,則有發泡速度變慢,故而變得難以獲得所需之發泡倍率之傾向。
本實施形態之發泡性酚樹脂組合物除以上所說明之成分以外,亦可含有添加劑。於添加脲之情形時,可如通常所知般,於酚樹脂之反應之中途或終點附近之時間點,將脲直接添加至反應液中,亦可將預先利用鹼性觸媒進行羥甲基化之脲與酚樹脂加以混合。作為脲以外之添加劑,例如可使用通常用作塑化劑之鄰苯二甲酸酯類及作為二醇類之乙二醇、二乙二醇等。又,亦可將脂肪族烴、高沸點之脂環式烴、或該等之混合物用作添加劑。關於添加劑之含量,相對於酚樹脂(或酚樹脂原料)100質量份,較理想為0.5質量份以上且20質量份以下。若過度添加該等添加劑,則酚樹脂之黏度顯著降低,於發泡硬化時會誘發破泡。若添加劑過少,則含有添加劑之意義減弱。因此,添加劑之含量更佳為1.0質量份以上且10質量份以下。
本實施形態係藉由使用至少1種氯化或非氯化氫氟烯烴作為酚樹脂之發泡劑,而提供充分發揮出酚樹脂之阻燃性之酚樹脂發泡體者,亦可視需要將以下之阻燃劑添加至酚樹脂組合物中。阻燃劑例如可選自四溴雙酚A及十溴二苯醚等溴化合物、芳香族磷酸酯、芳香族縮合磷酸酯、鹵化磷酸酯及紅磷等磷或磷化合物、多磷酸銨、三氧化二銻
及五氧化二銻等銻化合物、氫氧化鋁及氫氧化鎂等金屬氫氧化物、碳酸鈣及碳酸鈉等碳酸鹽之中。
界面活性劑可使用通常用於酚樹脂發泡體之製造者,尤其是非離子系之界面活性劑有效果。界面活性劑較佳為含有選自作為環氧乙烷與環氧丙烷之共聚物之聚氧伸烷基(環氧烷)、環氧烷與蓖麻油之縮合物、環氧烷與壬基苯酚、十二烷基苯酚之類的烷基苯酚之縮合物、烷基醚部分之碳數為14~22之聚氧乙烯烷基醚、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯等脂肪酸酯、聚二甲基矽氧烷等聚矽氧化合物、及多元醇中之至少1種化合物。該等化合物可單獨使用,亦可組合兩種以上使用。界面活性劑之量並無特別限制,相對於酚樹脂(或酚樹脂原料)100質量份較佳為0.3~10質量份。
作為硬化觸媒,只要為可使酚樹脂進行硬化之酸性之硬化觸媒即可,較佳為酸酐硬化觸媒。作為酸酐硬化觸媒,較佳為磷酸酐及芳基磺酸酐。作為芳基磺酸酐,可列舉甲苯磺酸或二甲苯磺酸、苯酚磺酸、取代苯酚磺酸、二甲苯酚磺酸、取代二甲苯酚磺酸、十二烷基苯磺酸、苯磺酸、萘磺酸等。該等可使用一種,亦可組合兩種以上。又,亦可添加間苯二酚、甲酚、柳醇(鄰羥甲基苯酚)、對羥甲基苯酚等作為硬化助劑。又,亦可利用乙二醇、二乙二醇等溶劑將該等硬化觸媒加以稀釋。硬化觸媒之量並無特別限制,相對於酚樹脂(或酚樹脂原料)與界面活性劑之合計量100質量份,較佳為3~30質量份。
可藉由將上述酚樹脂原料、硬化觸媒、發泡劑及界面活性劑以如上所述之比率加以混合,而獲得發泡性酚樹脂組合物。可藉由使所獲得之發泡性酚樹脂組合物如下述般進行發泡及硬化,而獲得酚樹脂發泡體。
酚樹脂發泡體例如可藉由包括如下步驟之連續生產方式而獲得:使上述發泡性酚樹脂組合物連續地噴出至移行之面材上;利用其
他面材而被覆發泡性酚樹脂組合物之與接觸面材之面相反之側之面;及使發泡性酚樹脂組合物進行發泡及加熱硬化。又,作為其他實施形態,亦可藉由使上述發泡性酚樹脂組合物流入內側被面材或脫模劑所被覆之模框內,並使之發泡及加熱硬化之分批生產方式而獲得。藉由上述分批生產方式所獲得之酚樹脂發泡體亦可視需要加以切片而使用。
夾住酚樹脂發泡體之面材係片狀之基材,為了防止生產時之面材斷裂,較佳為具有可撓性。作為具有可撓性之面材,可列舉合成纖維不織布、合成纖維織布、玻璃纖維紙、玻璃纖維織布、玻璃纖維不織布、玻璃纖維混抄紙、紙類、金屬膜或該等之組合。該等面材亦可為了對其賦予阻燃性而含有阻燃劑。阻燃劑例如可選自四溴雙酚A及十溴二苯醚等溴化合物、芳香族磷酸酯、芳香族縮合磷酸酯、鹵化磷酸酯及紅磷等磷或磷化合物、多磷酸銨、三氧化二銻及五氧化二銻等銻化合物、氫氧化鋁及氫氧化鎂等金屬氫氧化物、碳酸鈣及碳酸鈉等碳酸鹽之中。該等阻燃劑可混練至面材之纖維中,亦可添加至丙烯酸、聚乙烯醇、乙酸乙烯酯、環氧樹脂、不飽和聚酯等黏合劑中。又,可利用氟樹脂系、聚矽氧樹脂系、蠟乳膠系、石蠟系、丙烯酸系樹脂石蠟併用系等撥水劑或瀝青系防水處理劑對面材進行表面處理。該等撥水劑及防水處理劑可單獨使用,亦可與上述阻燃劑一併塗佈於面材。
較佳為面材之氣體透過性較高。作為此種面材,適宜使用合成纖維不織布、玻璃纖維紙、玻璃纖維不織布、紙類、預先開有孔之金屬膜等。此種面材之中,尤佳為具有依據ASTM D3985-95所測得之氧透過率為4.5cm3/24h‧m2以上之氣體透過性的面材。於使用氣體透過性較低之面材之情形時,無法使酚樹脂硬化時產生之水分自發泡體內充分地發散,水分殘留於發泡體中,因而獨立氣泡率較低,易於形
成空隙較多之發泡體。其結果為,變得相對難以維持長期之良好隔熱性能。就發泡時之發泡性酚樹脂組合物向面材之滲出、及發泡性酚樹脂組合物與面材之接著性之觀點而言,於使用合成纖維不織布作為面材之情形時,其單位面積重量較佳為15~200g/m2,更佳為15~150g/m2,進而較佳為15~100g/m2,尤佳為15~80g/m2,最佳為15~60g/m2。於使用玻璃纖維不織布之情形時,其單位面積重量較佳為30~600g/m2,更佳為30~500g/m2,進而較佳為30~400g/m2,尤佳為30~350g/m2,最佳為30~300g/m2。
夾在兩片面材間之發泡體酚樹脂組合物可於兩片面材間進行發泡。為了使該發泡之酚樹脂組合物(發泡體)硬化,例如可使用下述第1烘箱及第2烘箱。
於第1烘箱中,於60~110℃之氛圍下進行酚樹脂組合物之發泡及硬化。第1烘箱係使用例如環形鋼帶式雙軌輸送帶或條板式雙軌輸送帶。於第1烘箱內,使未硬化之發泡體一面成形為板狀一面硬化,可獲得部分硬化之發泡體。第1烘箱內,亦可為全部區域並非均勻溫度,亦可設置複數個溫度區域。
第2烘箱較佳為產生70~120℃之熱風,使在第1烘箱中部分硬化之發泡體進行後硬化者。部分硬化之發泡體板可使用間隔片或托盤以一定間隔進行重疊。若第2烘箱內之溫度過高,則發泡體之氣泡內部之發泡劑之壓力變得過高,故而有誘發破泡之可能性。若第2烘箱內之溫度過低,則有為了使酚樹脂之反應進行而耗費過多時間之虞。因此,第2烘箱內之溫度(熱風溫度)更佳為80~110℃。
用以獲得本實施形態之酚樹脂發泡體之發泡性酚樹脂組合物之發泡及硬化方法並不限定於上述方法。
以上,根據本實施形態之製造方法,可提供環境負荷較少,阻燃性優異,進而可長期維持優異之隔熱性能之酚樹脂發泡體。
以下,基於實施例及比較例更具體地說明本發明。但是,本發明並不限定於以下之實施例。
關於實施例及比較例中之酚樹脂、酚樹脂發泡體之組成、構造、特性,進行以下項目之測定及評估。
酚樹脂發泡體之發泡密度係依據JIS-K-7222進行測定。使用自所獲得之酚樹脂發泡體切下之20cm見方之板作為試樣。自該試樣去除面材、壁板材料等表面材料,測定剩餘之發泡體試樣之質量及表觀容積,由該等值求出發泡體密度。
以JIS-K-6402所記載之方法作為參考,藉由以下方法測定酚樹脂發泡體之平均氣泡直徑。
對於酚樹脂發泡體之厚度方向上之大致中央,與正面及背面平行地進行切削,拍攝將切削剖面放大至50倍之照片。於所獲得之照片之任意位置畫4條長度為9cm(相當於實際之發泡體剖面中之1,800μm)之直線,求出各直線貫穿之氣泡之數量之平均值。平均氣泡直徑係用1,800μm除以貫穿之氣泡之數量之平均值而算出之值。
以ASTM-D-2856-94(1998)A法作為參考,藉由以下方法測定酚樹脂發泡體之獨立氣泡率。
自發泡體之厚度方向上之中央部,切下約25mm見方之立方體試驗片。於因發泡體之厚度較薄故而無法獲得25mm之均質厚度之試驗片之情形時,將切下之約25mm見方之立方體試驗片表面切片為每個約1mm,而製作具有均質厚度之試驗片。利用游標卡尺測定各邊之長度,計測錶觀體積(V1:cm3),並且測定試驗片之質量(W:有效數
字4位,g)。繼而,使用空氣比重瓶(Tokyo Science公司、商品名「MODEL1000」),依據ASTM-D-2856之A法所記載之方法,測定試驗片之封閉空間體積(V2:cm3)。又,依據上述(2)平均氣泡直徑之測定法而計測氣泡直徑(t:cm)。根據已測定之各邊之長度,算出試驗片之表面積(A:cm3)。將所求出之t及A代入式:VA=(A×t)/1.14,算出試驗片表面所存在之被切斷之氣泡之開孔體積(VA:cm3)。又,將固形物酚樹脂之密度視為1.3g/ml,根據式:VS=試驗片質量(W)/1.3算出構成試驗片所含之氣泡壁之固體部分之體積(VS:cm3)。
根據下述式(2),算出獨立氣泡率。
獨立氣泡率(%)=[(V2-VS)/(V1-VA-VS)]×100 (2)
針對以相同製造條件獲得之發泡體,測定獨立氣泡率6次,將該等之平均值設為藉由該製造條件所獲得之發泡體之代表值。
對於酚樹脂發泡體之厚度方向上之大致中央,與正面及背面平行地進行切削,拍攝使切削剖面之100mm×150mm之範圍放大至200%之照片或彩色影本。關於拍攝之照片或影本圖式,縱橫之各自長度為實際尺寸之2倍,面積為實際面積之4倍。自上方對該照片或影本圖式重疊透明方格紙,選擇大直徑之氣泡,使用方格紙之方格計測該氣泡之剖面積。將1mm×1mm之格遍及8格以上而連續存在之孔判斷為空隙。將於照片或影本圖式內所觀察到之空隙之面積進行累計,根據空隙之累計面積而計算面積分率(空隙面積率)。由於圖像被放大至200%,故而8格於實際之發泡體剖面中相當於2mm2之面積。針對相同製造條件之試樣測定空隙面積率12次,將該等之平均值設為藉由該製造條件所獲得之發泡體之代表值。
依據JIS A 1412-2:1999,藉由以下方法測定10℃及23℃之環境
下之酚樹脂發泡體之初期熱導率。
將酚樹脂發泡體切斷為600mm見方。將藉由切斷而獲得之試驗片置於23±1℃、濕度50±2%之氛圍,每24小時測定質量之經時變化。調節試驗片之狀態,直至經過24小時之質量變化率成為0.2質量%以下為止。將面材以不損傷發泡體之方式剝離後,將已調節狀態之試驗片導入至置於同環境下之熱導率之測定裝置中。
熱導率之測定係使用試驗體1片、對稱構成方式之測定裝置(英弘精機公司、商品名「HC-074/600」)而進行。10℃之環境下之熱導率係以低溫板0℃、高溫板20℃之條件進行測定,23℃之環境下之熱導率係以低溫板13℃、高溫板33℃之條件進行測定。
針對結束初期熱導率測定之試驗片,依照EN13166:2012 Annex C之C.4.2.2,於調溫至110℃之循環式烘箱內放置14天進行加速試驗,其後依照EN12429:1998,以23±2℃、相對濕度50±5%進行固化,進行狀態調節直至以24小時間隔進行之重量測定之差成為試驗片之重量之0.05%以下。繼而,依照上述(5)熱導率之測定方法,進行加速試驗後之10℃之環境下之熱導率之測定。
於已測定水分量之脫水甲醇(關東化學股份有限公司製造)中,將酚樹脂原料於3質量%至7質量%之範圍溶解,自該溶液之水分量去除脫水甲醇中之水分,求出酚樹脂原料之水分量。根據所測定之水分量,計算酚樹脂原料之水分率。測定係使用卡氏水分計(京都電子工業股份有限公司製造、MKC-510)。水分量之測定中,使用Sigma-Aldrich製造之HYDRANAL-Composite 5K作為卡氏試劑,使用林純藥工業製造之HAYASHI-Solvent CE脫水溶劑(酮用)作為卡氏滴定用。又,使用三菱化學製造之Aquamicron標準水/甲醇(水分2mg)作為卡氏
試劑之力價測定用。水分量之測定係使用裝置內所設定之Method 1,又,卡氏試劑之力價係使用Method 5而求出。求出所獲得之水分量之相對於酚樹脂原料之質量之比率,將其設為酚樹脂原料之水分率。
使用旋轉黏度計(東機產業股份有限公司製造、R-100型、轉子部為3°×R-14),將於40℃下穩定3分鐘後之黏度之值設為測定值。
依據JIS A 9511 5.13.3之測定方法C(JIS K 7201-2),藉由以下方法求出酚樹脂發泡體之氧指數。
自酚樹脂發泡體之厚度方向上之中心部,切下定義為JIS K 7201-2之試驗片II型(10mm×10mm×150mm)。於試驗片中含有面材之情形時,去除含有面材之厚度1mm之表層。所切下之試驗片於立即進行試驗前於23℃、相對濕度50%之氛圍下固化88小時以上。使用AC形蠟燭燃燒試驗機(東洋精機製造作所股份有限公司製造)進行試驗,測定氧指數。
利用以下條件進行凝膠滲透層析法(GPC)之測定。藉由根據所獲得之層析圖及以下所示之標準物質(標準聚苯乙烯、2-羥基苄醇及苯酚)之溶出時間與分子量之關係所獲得之校準曲線,求出重量平均分子量Mw及數量平均分子量Mn。又,根據該等之值算出分子量分佈Mw/Mn。
前處理:
使用將酚樹脂約10mg溶解於N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(和光純藥工業股份有限公司製造、高效液相層析法用)1ml中,並利用0.2μm薄膜過濾器進行過濾者作為測定溶液。
測定條件:
測定裝置:Shodex System21(昭和電工股份有限公司製造)
管柱:Shodex asahipak GF-310HQ(7.5mm I.D.×30cm)
溶離液:使用將溴化鋰以濃度0.1質量%溶解於N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(和光純藥工業股份有限公司製造、高效液相層析法用)中而成之溶液作為溶離液。
流量:0.6ml/min
檢測器:RI檢測器
管柱溫度:40℃
標準物質:標準聚苯乙烯(昭和電工股份有限公司製造Shodex standard SL-105)、2-羥基苄醇(Sigma-Aldrich公司製造99%品)、苯酚(關東化學股份有限公司製造 特級)
首先,使用氫氟烯烴及氫氯氟烯烴之標準氣體,求出以下之GC/MS之測定條件下之保持時間。
繼而,將剝去面材之酚樹脂發泡體試樣10g及金屬製造銼刀投入10L容器(製品名,泰德拉採樣袋)中並密封,注入氮氣5L。自泰德拉採樣袋之上方使用銼刀切削試樣,細細地粉碎。繼而,將試樣在裝於泰德拉採樣袋中之狀態下投入調溫至81℃之調溫機內10分鐘。採取100μL於泰德拉採樣袋中產生之氣體,利用以下所示之GC/MS測定條件進行分析。氫氟烯烴及氫氯氟烯烴之種類係根據預先求出之保持時間及質譜進行鑑定。根據GC/MS之分析結果,確認有無氫氟烯烴及氫氯氟烯烴。
GC/MS測定條件
GC/MS之測定係藉由以下方式進行。氣相層析儀為安捷倫科技公司製造之Agilent7890型,使用GL Science公司製造之InertCap 5(內
徑0.25mm、膜厚5μm、長度30m)作為管柱。載氣係使用氦氣,流量設為1.1ml/min。注入口之溫度設為150℃,注入方法設為分流法(1:50),試樣之注入量設為100μl。管柱溫度首先於-60℃下保持5分鐘,其後以50℃/min升溫至150℃,保持2.8分鐘。質量分析係使用日本電子公司製造之Q1000GC型。於離子化方法為電子離子化法(70eV),掃描範圍為m/Z=10~500、電壓-1300V、離子源溫度230℃、介面溫度150℃之條件下進行質量分析。
向反應器中添加52質量%甲醛水溶液3500kg及99質量%苯酚2743kg。利用螺旋漿旋轉式之攪拌機攪拌反應器內之反應液,利用調溫機將反應液之溫度調整為40℃。其次,添加50質量%氫氧化鈉水溶液直至反應液之pH值成為8.7。以1.5小時將反應液升溫至85℃,其後於反應液之奧士華黏度達到115厘司托克士(=115×10-6m2/s、25℃下之測定值)之階段,將反應液冷卻,添加脲400kg。其後,將反應液冷卻至30℃,添加對甲苯磺酸一水合物之50質量%水溶液直至pH值成為6.4。將所獲得之反應液利用薄膜蒸發機進行濃縮處理,而獲得含有酚樹脂之酚樹脂原料A。所獲得之酚樹脂原料A之水分率為7.8質量%,黏度為21000mPa‧s。
向反應器中添加52質量%甲醛水溶液3500kg及99質量%苯酚2510kg。利用螺旋漿旋轉式之攪拌機攪拌反應器內之反應液,利用調溫機將反應液之溫度調整為40℃。繼而,添加50質量%氫氧化鈉水溶液直至反應液之pH值成為8.7。以1.5小時將反應液升溫至85℃,其後於反應液之奧士華黏度達到30厘司托克士(=30×10-6m2/s、25℃下之測定值)之階段,將反應液冷卻,添加脲400kg。其後,將反應液冷卻至
30℃,添加對甲苯磺酸一水合物之50質量%水溶液直至pH值成為6.4。將所獲得之反應液利用薄膜蒸發機進行濃縮處理,而獲得含有酚樹脂之酚樹脂原料B。所獲得之酚樹脂原料B之水分率為2.4%,黏度為8800mPa‧s。
藉由變更上述酚原料A之52質量%甲醛水溶液、99質量%苯酚之添加量、開始反應液之冷卻時之酚樹脂原料之25℃下之奧士華黏度、脲之添加量、利用薄膜蒸發機進行濃縮處理後之酚樹脂原料之水分率、黏度,而獲得酚樹脂原料C~P。將該等與所獲得之酚樹脂原料之特性一併示於表1。
相對於酚樹脂原料A100質量份,將分別以50質量%及50質量%含有環氧乙烷-環氧丙烷之嵌段共聚物及聚氧乙烯十二烷基苯醚之組合物以3.0質量份之比率加以混合作為界面活性劑。相對於界面活性劑與酚樹脂原料之混合物100質量份,利用調溫至25℃之混合頭將作為發泡劑之1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯11質量份、及作為酸硬化觸媒之二甲苯磺酸80質量%與二乙二醇20質量%之混合物14質量份加以混合。利用電壓篩選配管將作為最終混合物之發泡性酚樹脂組合物進行分配,並供給至移動之面材上。
利用其他面材將與接觸面材上之發泡性酚樹脂組合物之面材之面為相反側之面被覆,利用兩片面材夾持發泡性酚樹脂組合物。於該狀態下,將發泡性酚樹脂組合物與面材一併導入加熱至85℃之條板式雙軌輸送帶,以15分鐘之滯留時間進行硬化。其後,利用110℃之烘箱藉由2小時之加熱,使酚樹脂組合物進行後硬化,而獲得板狀之酚樹脂發泡體。
面材係使用玻璃纖維不織布(Johns-Manville公司製造之「Dura Glass Type DH 70」、基重70g/m2)。
將發泡劑變更為1,3,3,3-四氟-1-丙烯,相對於界面活性劑與酚樹脂原料之混合物100質量份,添加上述發泡劑8質量份,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式獲得酚樹脂發泡體。
將發泡劑變更為1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯,相對於與混合有界面活性劑之酚樹脂原料之混合物100質量份,添加上述發泡劑14質量份,除此以外,亦與實施例1相同之方式獲得酚樹脂發泡體。
將發泡劑變更為2,3,3,3-四氟-1-丙烯,相對於與混合有界面活性劑之酚樹脂原料之混合物100質量份,添加上述發泡劑8質量份,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式獲得酚樹脂發泡體。
將酚樹脂原料變更為酚樹脂原料C,相對於與混合有界面活性劑之酚樹脂原料C之混合物100質量份,添加上述發泡劑10質量份,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式獲得酚樹脂發泡體。
將發泡劑變更為將1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯與環戊烷以莫耳比率計為90%及10%進行混合而成之氣體,將酚樹脂原料變更為酚樹脂原料D,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式獲得酚樹脂發泡體。
將發泡劑變更為1,3,3,3-四氟-1-丙烯,將酚樹脂原料變更為酚樹脂原料E,相對於與混合有界面活性劑之酚樹脂原料E之混合物100質量份,添加上述發泡劑9質量份,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式
獲得酚樹脂發泡體。
將酚樹脂原料變更為酚樹脂原料F,相對於與混合有界面活性劑之酚樹脂原料F之混合物100質量份,添加上述發泡劑12質量份,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式獲得酚樹脂發泡體。
將發泡劑變更為1,3,3,3-四氟-1-丙烯,將酚樹脂原料變更為酚樹脂原料G,相對於與混合有界面活性劑之酚樹脂原料G之混合物100質量份,添加上述發泡劑8質量份,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式獲得酚樹脂發泡體。
將酚樹脂原料變更為酚樹脂原料H,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式獲得酚樹脂發泡體。
將發泡劑變更為將1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯與環戊烷以莫耳比率計為50%及50%進行混合而成之氣體,將酚樹脂原料變更為酚樹脂原料H,相對於與混合有界面活性劑之酚樹脂原料H之混合物100質量份,添加上述發泡劑10質量份,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式獲得酚樹脂發泡體。
將發泡劑變更為將1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯與環戊烷以莫耳比率計為90%及10%進行混合而成之氣體,將酚樹脂原料變更為酚樹脂原料I,相對於與混合有界面活性劑之酚樹脂原料I之混合物100質量份,添加上述發泡劑14質量份,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式獲得酚樹脂發泡體。
將酚樹脂原料變更為酚樹脂原料J,相對於與混合有界面活性劑之酚樹脂原料J之混合物100質量份,添加上述發泡劑10質量份,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式獲得酚樹脂發泡體。
將發泡劑變更為將1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯與環戊烷以莫耳比率計為60%及40%進行混合而成之氣體,將酚樹脂原料變更為酚樹脂原料K,相對於與混合有界面活性劑之酚樹脂原料K之混合物100質量份,添加上述發泡劑10質量份,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式獲得酚樹脂發泡體。
將發泡劑變更為將1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯與異戊烷以莫耳比率計為85%及15%進行混合而成之氣體,將酚樹脂原料變更為酚樹脂原料L,相對於與混合有界面活性劑之酚樹脂原料L之混合物100質量份,添加上述發泡劑10質量份,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式獲得酚樹脂發泡體。
相對於界面活性劑與酚樹脂原料之混合物100質量份,添加作為發泡劑之1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯13質量份,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式獲得發泡性酚樹脂組合物。使該發泡性酚樹脂組合物流入藉由面材被覆內側之內部尺寸縱1000mm、橫1000mm、厚1000mm之鋁製之模框內,加以密封。為了模框之周圍及上下表面不因發泡壓力擴大,利用夾板進行固定。導入加熱至85℃之烘箱內,進行60分鐘硬化。其後,自模框取出酚樹脂發泡體,於110℃之烘箱內加熱2小時,而獲得塊狀之酚樹脂發泡體。所使用之面材與實施例1相同。將所獲得之塊狀之酚樹脂發泡體自厚度方向之中心部以厚度50mm進行切片,而獲得板狀之發泡體。
相對於界面活性劑與酚樹脂原料之混合物100質量份,添加將1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯及異戊烷以莫耳比率計為85%及15%進行混合而成之氣體13質量份作為發泡劑,除此以外,以與實施例16相同之方式獲得板狀之酚樹脂發泡體。
相對於界面活性劑與酚樹脂原料之混合物100質量份,添加將1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯及環戊烷以莫耳比率計為90%及10%進行混合而成之氣體14質量份作為發泡劑,除此以外,以與實施例16相同之方式獲得板狀之酚樹脂發泡體。
將酚樹脂原料變更為以下之酚樹脂原料B,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式獲得酚樹脂泡體。
將發泡劑變更為異戊烷,相對於與混合有界面活性劑之酚樹脂原料A之混合物100質量份,添加發泡劑9質量份,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式,獲得酚樹脂發泡體。
將發泡劑變更為1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯,將酚樹脂原料變更為酚樹脂原料M,相對於與混合有界面活性劑之酚樹脂原料M之混合物100質量份,添加上述發泡劑14質量份,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式獲得酚樹脂發泡體。
將發泡劑變更為1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯,將酚樹脂原料變更為酚樹脂原料N,相對於與混合有界面活性劑之酚樹脂原料N之混合物100質量份,添加上述發泡劑14質量份,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之
方式獲得酚樹脂發泡體。
將酚樹脂原料變更為酚樹脂原料O,相對於與混合有界面活性劑之酚樹脂原料O之混合物100質量份,添加上述發泡劑13質量份,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式獲得酚樹脂發泡體。
將酚樹脂原料變更為酚樹脂原料P,相對於與混合有界面活性劑之酚樹脂原料P之混合物100質量份,添加上述發泡劑11質量份,除此以外,以與實施例1相同之方式獲得酚樹脂發泡體。
將所獲得之酚樹脂發泡體之特性及熱導率評估結果示於表2及表3。
Claims (7)
- 一種酚樹脂發泡體,其含有酚樹脂、及包含氯化氫氟烯烴或非氯化氫氟烯烴中之至少任一者之發泡劑,密度為10kg/m3以上且150kg/m3以下,10℃之環境下之熱導率為0.0175W/m‧k以下,且23℃之環境下之熱導率為0.0185W/m‧k以下。
- 如請求項1之酚樹脂發泡體,其氧指數為28體積%以上。
- 如請求項1或2之酚樹脂發泡體,其於110℃之氛圍下放置14天之條件後之10℃環境下之熱導率為0.0185W/m‧k以下。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之酚樹脂發泡體,其獨立氣泡率為90%以上,平均氣泡直徑為50μm以上且200μm以下,且空隙面積率為0.2%以下。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之酚樹脂發泡體,其中上述發泡劑含有選自由1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯、1,3,3,3-四氟-1-丙烯、2,3,3,3-四氟-1-丙烯及1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯所組成之群中之至少1種烯烴。
- 一種製造酚樹脂發泡體之方法,其係包括使含有酚樹脂、界面活性劑、硬化觸媒及發泡劑之發泡性酚樹脂組合物於面材上發泡及硬化之步驟的方法,並且上述發泡劑含有氯化氫氟烯烴或非氯化氫氟烯烴中之至少任一者,上述酚樹脂之重量平均分子量Mw為400以上且3000以下,上述重量平均分子量Mw相對於上述酚樹脂之數量平均分子量Mn之比Mw/Mn為1.5以上且6.0以下,上述重量平均分子量Mw及上述數量平均分子量Mn係利用凝膠滲透層析法所求出之值。
- 如請求項6之方法,其中上述發泡性酚樹脂組合物係含有包含上 述酚樹脂及水之酚樹脂原料、上述界面活性劑、上述硬化觸媒、及上述發泡劑之混合物,上述酚樹脂原料之水分率以上述酚樹脂原料之質量為基準,為1質量%以上且20質量%以下。
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JP2015157937A (ja) | 2015-09-03 |
AU2015209987A1 (en) | 2016-08-04 |
JP6505644B2 (ja) | 2019-04-24 |
US20170009037A1 (en) | 2017-01-12 |
KR101950156B1 (ko) | 2019-02-19 |
JP6031579B2 (ja) | 2016-11-24 |
CA2937031C (en) | 2018-05-01 |
RU2016129970A3 (zh) | 2018-03-01 |
KR20160102254A (ko) | 2016-08-29 |
TWI622612B (zh) | 2018-05-01 |
RU2016129970A (ru) | 2018-03-01 |
EP3098255A4 (en) | 2016-11-30 |
EP3098255A1 (en) | 2016-11-30 |
AU2015209987B2 (en) | 2017-04-20 |
JP5878252B2 (ja) | 2016-03-08 |
CA2937031A1 (en) | 2015-07-30 |
KR20180039771A (ko) | 2018-04-18 |
JP2016027175A (ja) | 2016-02-18 |
CN106414573B (zh) | 2020-03-17 |
CN106414573A (zh) | 2017-02-15 |
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