TW201503909A - 含有氟喹諾酮抗生素藥物之經改良藥學組成物 - Google Patents
含有氟喹諾酮抗生素藥物之經改良藥學組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201503909A TW201503909A TW103136007A TW103136007A TW201503909A TW 201503909 A TW201503909 A TW 201503909A TW 103136007 A TW103136007 A TW 103136007A TW 103136007 A TW103136007 A TW 103136007A TW 201503909 A TW201503909 A TW 201503909A
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- moxifloxacin
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- 239000003306 quinoline derived antiinfective agent Substances 0.000 title abstract description 6
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- IDIIJJHBXUESQI-DFIJPDEKSA-N moxifloxacin hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.COC1=C(N2C[C@H]3NCCC[C@H]3C2)C(F)=CC(C(C(C(O)=O)=C2)=O)=C1N2C1CC1 IDIIJJHBXUESQI-DFIJPDEKSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
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- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
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- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
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Abstract
係揭示一種含有氟喹諾酮抗生素藥物之藥學組成物。該組成物具有經改良之均質性、經改良之生物可獲得性,較低之混濁度,或其組合。該組成物可使用作為耳用或鼻用組成物,但尤佳適用作為眼科用組成物。
Description
本發明係相關於一種藥學組成物。尤其是,本發明係相關於一種包含氟喹諾酮抗生素藥物於醫藥學載劑中之藥學組成物,該載劑可提供經改良之均質性、經改良之生物可獲得性,較低之混濁度,或其組合。
氟喹諾酮抗生素藥物在多種醫藥應用中皆具有療效。對本發明而言尤其重要的是,氟喹諾酮抗生素藥物於眼科、鼻科或耳科藥學組成物中具有藥效,在治療症狀如結膜炎時。然而,氟喹諾酮抗生素藥物,尤其是莫西沙星(moxifloxacin),其特徵為難以設計適用於傳送該藥物之藥用載劑。
作為一範例,許多氟喹諾酮可導致混濁度,當使用於藥學溶液中時,尤其是黏性水溶液(如水性眼科用多劑量溶液)。作為另一範例,許多氟喹諾酮,尤其是疏水性氟喹諾酮,傾向於在此溶液中具有較少之生物可獲得性。此
外,許多氟喹諾酮,尤其是疏水性氟喹諾酮,於此溶液中明顯缺乏均質性。
先前研究已揭示可用於解決設計氟喹諾酮藥物載劑之困難之成分。作為一範例,美國專利號6,331,540,在此完整併入本案以作為參考資料,係討論使用黃原膠作為氟喹諾酮如環丙沙星(ciprofloxacin)之藥物載劑之一部分之優點。
但此種發現,當相當需要時,在配製氟喹諾酮藥用載劑時仍有許多缺點與困難。因此,本發明係提供一種用於氟喹諾酮藥物或包含氟喹諾酮藥物之藥學組成物之藥學載劑,其中該載劑或組成物具有經改良之均質性、經改良之生物可獲得性,較低之混濁度,或其組合。
因此,本發明係相關於一種藥學載劑與包含該載劑之藥學組成物。該藥學組成物包括一氟喹諾酮抗生素藥物。該藥學載劑一般包含下列物質之一或多者:i)氯化鈉,其量可提供氯化鈉比氟喹諾酮藥物之重量/體積比係介於0.8至2.0間;ii)一界面活性劑,其可促進該組成物之均質度,及/或幫助該氟喹諾酮藥物平均分佈於整個藥物載劑中;及/或硼酸鹽/多元醇錯合物抗微生物系統。
該藥學組成物可為一眼科用水性溶液。該藥學組成物亦可位於一容器中,其可將該組成物分散成液滴。在一較佳實施例中,該氟喹諾酮藥物包括或實質上完全為莫
西沙星(moxifloxacin)。其氯化鈉比氟喹諾酮藥物之重量/體積比係介於1.0至1.7間,更佳為介於1.1至1.4間。該組成物之載劑更可包含一黏度增強試劑,如黃原膠。該藥學載劑可實質上由氯化鈉、硼酸鹽/多元醇系統、黃原膠(xanthan gum)、界面活性劑、氫氧化鈉與純水組成。該組成物、該載劑或二者亦可具有pH值6.8至7.4。
後附之圖示,其加入並作為本說明書之一部分,係與後附敘述詳細說明本發明之各種觀點,用於解釋本發明之原則。
第1圖為本發明組成物投藥後,以及使用具有相同氟喹諾酮之市售產品組成物投藥後,氟喹諾酮在人類眼睛水樣液中之濃度圖。
第2圖為本發明組成物投藥後,以及使用具有相同氟喹諾酮之市售產品組成物投藥後,氟喹諾酮在人類眼睛結膜中之濃度圖。
除非另有說明,所有成分之濃度皆為重量體積(w/v)百分比(%)。
本發明組成物中所包含之氟喹諾酮藥物量,可為具有療效之任何量,且依據數種因素,包括所選用藥物之特性與藥效。組成物中氟喹諾酮藥物之總濃度一般為約1.5%或更低。在局部投藥眼科用組成物中,氟喹諾酮藥物
(如莫西沙星(moxifloxacin))之典型濃度一般為至少約0.2%,更佳為至少約0.4%,尤佳為至少約0.5%,但一般小於約2.0%,更佳小於約1.0%,尤佳小於約0.7%。
潛在適用之氟喹諾酮包括,但不侷限於、環丙沙星(ciprofloxacin)、莫西沙星(moxifloxacin)、左氧氟沙星(levofloxacin)、恩諾沙星(enrofloxacin)、氧氟沙星(ofloxacin)、加替沙星(gatifloxacin)與諾氟沙星(norfloxacin)。該氟喹諾酮藥物可包括一單獨之氟喹諾酮或多種不同氟喹諾酮之組合物。此外,應瞭解到,就本發明而言,提及特定之氟喹諾酮係包括該氟喹諾酮之鹽類與衍生物,除非另有說明。例如,莫西沙星(moxifloxacin)係包括莫西沙星(moxifloxacin)、莫西沙星(moxifloxacin)HCl,以及莫西沙星(moxifloxacin)之衍生物。
莫西沙星(moxifloxacin)為較佳之氟喹諾酮藥物。因此,在一較佳實施例中,該氟喹諾酮藥物可為至少50%,更佳至少70%,尤佳至少90%重之莫西沙星(moxifloxacin)。當然,在此實施例中,該氟喹諾酮藥物可實質上完全或完全為莫西沙星(moxifloxacin)。
使用於此,術語"實質上"係用於修飾術語如"完全為",係指全部但為名義上之量。
本發明之組成物及/或載劑一般包括黏度增強劑。各種成分,尤其是聚合物與碳氫化合物,可使用作為黏度增強劑,且該黏度增強劑可包括一或多種成分。該黏度增強劑一般為至少0.1%,更佳為至少0.3%,尤佳為至少
0.6%本發明組成物及/或載劑。該黏度增強劑一般小於4.0%,更佳小於1.2%,尤佳小於0.75%本發明組成物及/或載劑。
多醣體,較佳為黃原膠,為較希望之黏度增強劑。因此,在一較佳實施例中,該黏度增強劑可為至少50%,更佳至少70%,尤佳至少90%重之多醣體,更佳為黃原膠。當然,在此實施例中,該黏度增強劑可實質上完全或完全為多醣體,尤其是黃原膠。
黃原膠一般可由供應商獲得兩種等級,食品級與工業級。當使用時,較佳為經研磨過濾,即使是醫藥級材料,如此所得之醫藥產物才會具有增進之澄清度。如同熟習此技術領域者所知,用於研磨過濾之適當過濾器尺寸,係取決於粗產物中所含不純物之大小。例如,就溶液組成物而言,已發現Rhodigel Clear等級之黃原膠,得自Rhone-Poulenc Inc.,應經由0.45μm過濾器過濾,以移除細胞殘骸與不純物。可使用多重過濾步驟以增加研磨過濾法之總效率。
本發明之組成物及/或載劑亦可包括一抗微生物系統,如硼酸鹽/多元醇錯合物系統。一潛在適用系統之範例係討論於美國專利號6,143,799,在此併入本案以作為參考資料
使用於此,術語"硼酸鹽"係指一硼酸、硼酸之鹽類、硼酸鹽衍生物與其他藥學上可接受之硼酸鹽,或其組合。最適當者為:硼酸、硼酸鈉、硼酸鉀、硼酸鈣、硼酸鎂、硼酸錳與其他此類硼酸鹽。硼酸鹽可與多元醇,如甘
油、丙二醇、山梨醣醇與甘露醇,作用形成硼酸鹽多元醇錯合物。此錯合物之種類與比例取決於多元醇中鄰近碳原子上,其相對位置並非反式構形,之OH基團數目。應瞭解到,成分多元醇與硼酸鹽之重量/體積百分比應包含這些量,不論是否為錯合物之一部分。
使用於此,術語“多元醇”包括任一化合物,其中二鄰近碳原子之每一者上,其相對位置並非反式構形,皆具有至少一羥基基團。該多元醇可為直線性或環狀,經取代或未經取代,或其混合物,只要所得之錯合物為水溶性且為醫藥上可接受。此類化合物之範例包括:醣類、醣醇、醣酸與醣醛酸。較佳之多元醇為醣類、醣醇與醣酸,包括但不侷限於:甘露醣醇、甘油、木醣醇、山梨醣醇與丙二醇。在一實施例中,該硼酸鹽/多元醇系統中之多元醇為至少70%重,更佳為至少90%重之實質上完全或完全為甘露醣醇、山梨醣醇,或其組合物。
當使用時,該硼酸鹽/多元醇錯合物抗微生物系統(即硼酸鹽與多元醇一同)一般至少為0.03w/v%,更佳為至少0.2w/v%,尤佳為至少0.5w/v%之組成物、載劑或二者。當使用時,該硼酸鹽/多元醇錯合物抗微生物系統一般小於3w/v%,更佳小於1w/v%,尤佳小於0.7w/v%之載劑、組成物或二者。
本發明之組成物及/或載劑一般包括鹵化物,尤佳為非氫鹵化物鹽類,較佳可增進該組成物及/或載劑之澄清度。使用於此,非氫鹵化物包括所有鹵化物,除了氫類
鹵化物外,如氯化氫(HCl),其中該氫係提供鹵化物正電荷,恰好配合鹵化物之負電荷。非氫鹵化物或鹵化物鹽類可包括單一鹵化物,或可由多種不同之鹵化物組成。該非氫鹵化物或鹵化物鹽類一般至少0.1w/v%、較佳至少0.4w/v%,尤佳至少0.5w/v%,特佳至少0.65w/v%之組成物、載劑或二者。該鹵化物或鹵化物鹽類一般小於3w/v%,更佳小於1.5w/v%,尤佳小於1.0w/v%之載劑、組成物或二者。
適當之非氫鹵化物(如鹵化鹽類)包括而不侷限於,氯化鈉、氯化鉀、氯化鈣,其組合物或類似物。本發明之非氫鹵化可由多種不同成分形成,較佳為單一或實質上單一氯化鈉(NaCl),可提供希望之組成物懸浮物或混濁度降低,及/或載劑,而不需其他非氫鹵化物。因此,本發明之組成物及/或載劑可完全或實質上完全不含任何NaCl外之非氫鹵化物。
為了達到希望之低混濁度,組成物中較佳具有一特定之非氫鹵化物比氟喹諾酮藥物之w/v%比例。此比例一般介於0.7至2.2間,更佳介於1.0至1.7間,尤佳介於1.1至1.4間。這些比例顯示出莫西沙星(moxifloxacin)與NaCl組合之重要,在黃原膠存在下。
組成物、載劑或二者之混濁度希望為低度,當使用懸浮計混濁度單位(NTUs),依據歐洲標準EN ISO 7027:1999。該組成物、載劑或二者之混濁度一般小於20NTU,更佳小於13NTU,尤佳小於10NTU,特佳小於8NTU。視
覺澄清度較佳小於或等於()PIII,更佳PII,尤佳小於PI,依據European Pharmacopeia,第6版,第2.2.1章。
本發明組成物及/或載劑之溶解度可包括界面活性劑或其他適當之共溶劑。該界面活性劑可為非離子性、陰離子性、陽離子性、兩性離子性(amphoteric)或兩親離子性(amphiphilic)。非離子性界面活性劑或共溶劑之範例包括泰洛沙伯(tyloxapol)、聚氧乙烯山梨醣酯、聚乙氧化蓖麻油、聚乙氧化氫化蓖麻油,如HCO-40、伯洛沙姆(poloxamers)、聚氧乙烯/聚氧丙烯界面活性劑、聚氧乙烯月桂酸酯、聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯、聚氧乙烯硬脂酸丙二酯、羥基烷基膦酸酯,或其組合物,或其他技術上已知之試劑。
該界面活性劑,若包含於內,一般至少為0.005w/v%,更佳至少0.02w/v%,尤佳至少0.04w/v%之組成物、載劑或二者。該界面活性劑,若包含於內,一般亦小於1w/v%,更佳小於0.1w/v%,尤佳小於0.07w/v%之載劑、組成物或二者。
已發現聚醚醇(如烷基芳基聚醚醇)界面活性劑,特別適用於本發明載劑與組成物。已發現此界面活性劑可幫助分散該氟喹諾酮藥物,尤其是莫西沙星(moxifloxacin),至整個組成物中,使得總組成物具有更高之均質性。此相當重要,當該組成物為多劑量溶液時(如眼科溶液),其置於容器中(如滴管瓶),並可以滴液形式投藥。較佳之均質度可提供待投藥之每一滴液中更均一量之藥物。尤其是使用界面活性劑以促進滴管端滴液之均質性,
已發現於此討論之界面活性劑中,尤其是烷基芳基聚醚醇,如泰洛沙伯(tyloxapol),可幫助滴管端滴液更均一化。因此,該界面活性劑可為至少50%,更佳為至少70%,尤佳為至少90%重之聚醚醇(如烷基芳基聚醚醇,如泰洛沙伯(tyloxapol))。當然,在此實施例中,該界面活性劑可實質上完全或完全為聚醚醇(如烷基芳基聚醚醇,如泰洛沙伯(tyloxapol))。
除了上述成分之外,各種額外或替代成分亦可使用於本發明組成物或載劑中。其他額外之治療試劑、抗生素、懸浮試劑或類似物,皆可包括於內。其他可用於組成物或載劑之範例成分包括,但不侷限於,滲透試劑、緩衝試劑、抗氧化劑,或其組合或類似物。水佔水溶液中大部分,亦為下列範例顯而易見者。氫氯酸、氫氧化鈉或其他酸類或鹼類,可用於調整pH。
於此描述之成分可用於形成各種形式之藥學組成物或載劑,如眼科、耳科或鼻科與皮膚科組成物或載劑,特別適用於眼科溶液,其一般為水性。此溶液之範例包括,但不侷限於,眼科醫藥用局部溶液,其可用於治療青光眼、乾眼症、感染、過敏或發炎(如結膜炎);用於增進病患眼部舒適度之溶液,如眼部濕潤產品、人工淚液、收斂劑等等。
本發明組成物或載劑一般係經配製,使其可與眼睛及/或待治療之其他組織相容。該欲直接施加至眼睛之眼用組成物或載劑,可配製為具有與眼睛相容之pH值與滲透度。
該組成物一般具有pH值範圍4至9,較佳5.5至8.5,最佳5.5至8.0。尤佳之pH值範圍為6.0至7.8,更佳為6.4,甚至6.7,或7.0至7.5,甚至7.2。該組成物具有滲透壓200至400,或450毫滲透莫耳每公斤(mOsm/kg),更佳為240至360mOsm/kg。
本發明組成物或載劑一般較佳具有足夠的抗微生物活性,使其可滿足某些防腐藥效需求,尤其是USP防腐藥效需求,及/或Ph.Eur.B。
在美國與其他國家之眼科用多劑量溶液之防腐藥效標準係列於下表:
防腐劑藥效測試(“PET”)標準
(隨著時間而降低之微生物接種數量Log級數)
上述標示為USP 27之標準實質上等同於USP先前設定之要求,尤其是USP 24、USP 25與USP 26。
在本發明之至少數個實施例中,已發現所有組成物或載劑可提供希望之生物可獲得性,而不需內含其他成分。因此,該載劑可僅由或實質上僅由下列物質組成:黏度增強劑;硼酸鹽/多元醇系統;界面活性劑;非氫鹵化物;氫氧化鈉或氫氯酸;以及水,或其他此述成分之組合。其他此類範例為該組成物僅由或實質上僅由下列物質組成:氟喹諾酮藥物;黏度增強試劑;硼酸鹽/多元醇系統;界面活性劑;非氫鹵化物;氫氧化鈉或氫氯酸;以及水,或其他此述成分之組合。
下列範例係用於說明本發明之其他觀點,而非用於限制本發明。
表1與表2中之每一配方係製備如下。黃原膠母溶液係經製備,並經1.2與4.5μm過濾器過濾。加入氯化鈉並使其溶於黃原膠中,以形成黃原膠溶液。若存在的話,硼酸、山梨醣醇、泰洛沙伯(tyloxapol)與莫西沙星(moxifloxacin)係與純水合併,形成第二溶液。第二溶液之所有成係攪拌溶解,其pH值藉由加入NaOH或HCl而調整。之後該第二溶液係加入黃原膠溶液中,該配方攪拌混合,至獲得實質上均質之溶液。加入純水至最終體積,形成最終溶液,其再次以攪拌混合。之後最終溶液於124℃高溫高壓滅菌40分鐘。經滅菌之最終溶液之後冷卻至室溫。若有
需要,再次以NaOH或HCl調整pH,並加入滅菌純水至最終體積。最終溶液係攪拌混合至均勻。
亦發現本發明之組成物可提供較高濃度之氟喹諾酮藥物,尤其是莫西沙星(moxifloxacin)至生物標的上(如眼睛),在投以該組成物至標的物後一段時間。例如,實質上等同於表2中組成物H之組成物,係施加至兔子眼睛,並觀察之後在這些兔子眼部之水樣液中與淚液膜中之濃度:
在投以組成物後,淚液膜中之莫西沙星(moxifloxacin)平均濃度±SD
在投以組成物後,水樣液中之莫西沙星(moxifloxacin)平均濃度±SD
較佳為,這些濃度,尤其是通過5分鐘、10分鐘、15分鐘、30分鐘與60分鐘間隔後,至少為目前市面上可獲得之莫西沙星(moxifloxacin)之2倍、3倍、5倍或甚至8倍濃度。
於5次收集時間內每一次之人類眼睛水樣液中莫西沙星(moxifloxacin)濃度,單位為微克每毫升(μg/ml),係列於下表3,並圖示於第1圖中。尤其是,該表與圖顯示水樣液中之平均濃度,在本發明莫西沙星(moxifloxacin)組成物(上述組成物H)之單一局部投藥後,以及市售莫西沙星(moxifloxacin)組成物,商標名為VIGAMOX®,得自Alcon Laboratories,Fort Worth,TX,76134,之單一局部投藥後。組成物Z係由VIGAMOX®代表,除了莫西沙星(moxifloxacin)氯化氫之外,尚包括硼酸、氯化鈉與純水,且亦可包括氯化氫/氫氧化鈉,以調整pH值至約6.8。
於5次收集時間內每一次之人類眼睛水樣液中莫西沙星(moxifloxacin)之濃度,單位為微克每毫升(μg/ml),係列於下表4,並圖示於第2圖中。尤其是,該表與圖顯示出眼結膜組織中之平均濃度,在組成物H之單一局部投藥後,及VIGAMOX®之單一局部投藥後。
如表3與表4,以及第1圖與第2圖所示,本發明之組成物可提供明顯較高之莫西沙星(moxifloxacin)濃度,於人類眼睛之水樣液與結膜組織中。
本發明已由上述較佳實施例作為參考進行詳細描述;然而,應瞭解到其亦可為其他特定形式或變異物,而不脫離本發明精神或必要特徵。因此,上述實施例僅用於說明所有觀點,而並非限制範圍,本發明範疇應以後附申請專利範圍為準。
Claims (11)
- 一種水性眼用組成物,其包含:0.4w/v%至低於1.0w/v%的莫西沙星(moxifloxacin);氯化鈉,其量可提供氯化鈉相對莫西沙星之重量/體積比係介於1.0至1.7之間;0.02w/v%至低於0.1w/v%的界面活性劑,其中該界面活性劑是一聚醚醇;總計為0.2w/v%至低於1w/v%的一硼酸鹽與一多元醇;0.3w/v%至低於1.2w/v%的黃原膠;以及水;其中該組成物具有低於13NTU的濁度。
- 如請求項1的組成物,其中該硼酸鹽與該多元醇的總濃度為至少0.5w/v%,但少於0.7w/v%。
- 如請求項1的組成物,其中該界面活性劑的濃度為至少0.04w/v%,但少於0.1w/v%。
- 如請求項1之組成物,其中該組成物被包裝於一眼藥水容器中。
- 如請求項1之組成物,其中該多元醇包括山梨糖醇,以及該硼酸鹽包括硼酸。
- 如請求項1之組成物,其中該組成物具有低於10NTU的濁度。
- 如請求項1之組成物,其中該組成物具有一為6.4至7.5的pH值。
- 一種水性藥學組成物,其包含:0.4w/v%至低於1.0w/v%的莫西沙星;氯化鈉,其量可提供氯化鈉相對莫西沙星之重量/體積比係介於1.1至1.4之間;0.04w/v%至低於0.07w/v%的界面活性劑,其中該界面活性劑包含一烷基芳基聚醚醇;總計為0.5w/v%至低於1w/v%的一硼酸鹽與一多元醇;0.6w/v%至低於0.75w/v%的黃原膠;以及水;其中該組成物具有低於10NTU的濁度以及一為6.7至7.5的pH值。
- 如請求項8之組成物,其中該組成物被包裝於一眼藥水容器中。
- 如請求項8之組成物,其中該多元醇包括山梨糖醇,以及該硼酸鹽包括硼酸。
- 一種水性藥學組成物,其包含:0.4w/v%至低於1.0w/v%的莫西沙星;氯化鈉,其量可提供氯化鈉相對莫西沙星之重量/體積比係介於1.1至1.4之間;0.04w/v%至低於0.07w/v%的界面活性劑,其中該界面活性劑包含一烷基芳基聚醚醇; 總計為0.5w/v%至低於1w/v%的一硼酸鹽與一多元醇;0.6w/v%至低於0.75w/v%的黃原膠;以及水;其中該組成物具有低於10NTU的濁度、一為6.7至7.5的pH值,以及一為200至400mOsm/kg的滲透壓。
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US7220431B2 (en) | 2002-11-27 | 2007-05-22 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Methods and compositions for applying pharmacologic agents to the ear |
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CN103181892A (zh) * | 2013-02-20 | 2013-07-03 | 南京恒道医药科技有限公司 | 盐酸莫西沙星滴眼液及其制备方法 |
CN105687127B (zh) * | 2016-01-29 | 2018-09-28 | 上海利康瑞生物工程有限公司 | 关节腔用盐酸莫西沙星几丁糖注射液及其制备方法 |
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US11510930B2 (en) | 2020-08-26 | 2022-11-29 | Somerset Therapeutics, Llc | Gatifloxacin, prednisolone, and bromfenac compositions and methods |
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