TW201402009A - 安定,高濃度的除草組成物 - Google Patents

安定,高濃度的除草組成物 Download PDF

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TW201402009A
TW201402009A TW102133547A TW102133547A TW201402009A TW 201402009 A TW201402009 A TW 201402009A TW 102133547 A TW102133547 A TW 102133547A TW 102133547 A TW102133547 A TW 102133547A TW 201402009 A TW201402009 A TW 201402009A
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David Alan Long
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Bayer Cropscience Lp
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/22Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing ingredients stabilising the active ingredients
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N57/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
    • A01N57/18Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • A01N57/20Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/02Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/30Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N57/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
    • A01N57/10Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds
    • A01N57/12Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals

Abstract

提供一種液態的除草組成物,包含a. 20~35wt%(以組成物的總重為基準)的水溶性除草劑,b. 一種聚氧乙烯C12~C16烷基硫酸鹽,c. 一種有機溶劑,d. 一種烷基多醣苷,該組成物是穩定的,換言之它於-20℃的低溫下是以實質上連續單相狀態生成。它於0℃的低溫下,黏度為2000厘泊。

Description

安定,高濃度的除草組成物
本發明乃關於有效的農作物生物保護配方,特別是除草劑組成物。
水性的除草劑配方如固殺草被當作農作物殺草劑已經有好幾十年。流行的配方包括界面活性劑,它會增加殺草劑的生物活性。因為它們的許多優點,人們尋找高濃度的配方;例如關於降低成本以及製造、運輸、儲存的不方便性,比起低濃度的配方更小的包裝是必需的。因為需處理農作物除草劑的量較小,噴霧液體的製備也更簡化。然而更高濃度的配方也已被發現某些缺點。例如有效成分的生物活性取決於有效成分對界面活性劑的比例,但是如果界面活性劑的量太高,組成物的黏度可能會變的太高而不易處理或噴霧。產品不穩定性諸如分相也曾是高濃度配方的缺點。因為在整個組成物裡面各種基本成分的濃度不再是均一,所以分相是我們不希望的。
提供高濃度的除草組成物並克服習之技術的缺點,且 以一個穩定的配方來提高生物活性而不對黏度要求有所妥協將是我們想要的。
本發明提供一種液態的除草組成物,包含a. 20~35wt%(以組成物的總重為基準)的水溶性除草劑,b. 一種聚氧乙烯C12~C16烷基硫酸鹽,c. 一種有機溶劑,d. 一種烷基多醣苷,該組成物是穩定的,它於-20℃的低溫下實質上是以連續單相狀態生成。它於0℃的低溫下,黏度為2000厘泊。
除了在操作實例中,或者另有註明之外,所有表示成分數量、反應條件等等使用於規格說明或申請專利範圍的數字都必須解讀為加上"大約"這個詞來作修正。因此除非相反地註明,以下的規格說明及隨附的專利申請範圍中所提出的數字參數都是近似值,它們可能取決於本發明所要找尋的性質而有所變化。至少不是要試圖限制與申請專利範圍相對等的理論的應用,每一個數字參數至少應該按照所報告有效的數字來解讀,並採用一般的去進位方法。
儘管陳述本發明寬廣範疇的數字範圍與參數都是近似 值,在實例中所提出的報告數字都儘可能的精確。然而任何數值本身都含有某些肇因於個別試驗量測的標準偏差所產生的誤差。
我們也應該瞭解任何在此陳述的數字範圍皆包括所有的子區間在其中。例如1~10的範圍是要包括所有的子區間以及包括所陳述的最小值1與陳述的最大值10,也就是有一最小值等於或大於1,有一最大值等於或小於10。
如同在此所使用,除非有另外特別地說明,所有的數字諸如明確的數值、範圍、數量、或百分比皆應解讀為前置"大約"一詞,即使該詞沒有特別地出現。任何在此陳述的數字範圍皆包括所有的子區間在其中。複數包含單數,反之亦然;亦就是單數形"a"、"an"及"the"包含複數對象,除非特別明確地限制於單數對象。也如同在此所使用,"聚合物"一詞是要指涉中間體、低聚物、還有均聚物與共聚物;前置詞"poly"指涉兩個或更多。
關於本發明,"穩定"一詞如同在此所使用乃指涉物理性的穩定組成物,亦就是液態組成物實質上處於連續單相。
本發明上下文之中的"有機溶劑"一詞指涉比如非極性溶劑、極性質子溶劑、非質子極性溶劑、及其混合物。
本發明的液態除草組成物包含一種水溶性的除草劑成分(a)。非限制性之適當實例包括草銨膦及其鹽類諸如固殺草、草甘膦及其鹽類、百草枯、殺草快等等。亦可使用混合物。
一般來說水溶性的除草劑可能包含結構式(I)的化合物及/或其鹽類
其中Z1是化學式-OM、-NHCH(CH3)CONHCH(CH3)CO2M或者-NHCH(CH3)CONHCH[CH2CH(CH3)2]CO2M的基團,其中M是H或者可形成鹽的陽離子。
水溶性除草劑也可能包含其他如化學式(II)的化合物及/或其鹽類:
其中Z2是化學式-CN或者CO2R1的基團
其中R1是可形成鹽的陽離子的基團或是H、烷基、烯基、烷氧基烷基、或是C6~C10芳基,它是未經取代或經取代的,並且通常是不可取代的或經一個或多個基團諸如烷基、烷氧基、鹵素、CF3、NO2、以及CN取代;其中R2及R3是各自獨立的H、烷基、或是C6~C10芳基,它是未經取代或經取代的,並且通常是未經取代的或由一個或多個基團,諸如烷基、烷氧基、鹵素、CF3、NO2、以及 CN或聯苯基或可形成鹽的陽離子取代。一般來說表示成R2或R3的含碳基團可具有多到10個碳原子,通常多到6個碳原子。
注意化學式(I)的化合物含有不對稱的碳原子。L對映異構體已被發現是生物活性異構體。因此化學式(I)意思是包含所有立體異構物以及它的混合物,特別是外消旋物以及生物活性的各種對映異構體。化學式(I)活性成分的實例包含草銨膦及/或其銨鹽,諸如一外消旋的混合物;亦就是2-胺基-4-[羥基(甲基)膦醯基]丁酸及其銨鹽,草銨膦及或其銨鹽的L對映異構體或者其他鹽類諸如鉀、鈉、二乙胺、三乙胺、雙丙胺膦;例如L-2-胺基-4-[羥基(甲基)膦醯基]丁醯-L-丙胺基-L-丙胺酸及其鈉鹽。
本發明中水溶性除草劑成份,依組成物的總重為基準,佔組成量的可能是20~35wt%,通常為20~30wt%,更常是22~28wt%。注意因為水溶性除草劑成份一般而言是以50wt%水溶液供應,所以水溶性除草劑成份通常也具有等量的水。上述範圍中的數字只有反映除草劑的量,不是全部溶液的量。必要時還得加額外的水。
本發明的組成物還包含了聚氧乙烯烷基硫酸鹽(b)。聚氧乙烯烷基硫酸鹽通常定義為環氧乙烷與含有8~16個碳原子的脂肪醇的硫酸鹽加合物。本發明組成所使用的聚氧乙烯烷基硫酸鹽是市面上販售的並且可能含有一8~16個碳原子的線性脂族,通常是12~16個碳原子。 乙氧基化的程度可能從1至10莫耳的環氧乙烷,通常是2至4莫耳的環氧乙烷。實例包括聚氧乙烯月桂基硫酸鈉、聚氧乙烯月桂基硫酸銨及其它聚氧乙烯月桂基硫酸鹽。本發明組成物最常用到的聚氧乙烯烷基硫酸鹽是聚氧乙烯月桂基硫酸鈉(SLES);一般而言是以大約70%有效溶液供應,從蔬菜或石油來源所衍生。
本發明組成物中的聚氧乙烯烷基硫酸鹽,依組成物的總重為基準,其量可能是3~35wt%,通常為10~30wt%,更常是20~30wt%。
本發明的組成物還包含了一種有機溶劑(c)。適當的溶劑可能包括環狀醇諸如四氫糠醇;脂肪醇諸如含1~12個碳原子的烷醇,通常是1~6個碳原子諸如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、異丙醇及丁醇,或例如多羥基醇諸如乙二醇、丙二醇、二丙二醇、丙三醇;醚類諸如乙醚、四氫呋喃(THF)以及二氧陸圜;烷基二醇單烷基醚及二烷基醚諸如丙二醇甲醚、丙二醇乙醚、乙二醇甲醚及乙二醇乙醚、二甘醇二甲醚及四甘醇二甲醚;醯胺類諸如二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)、二甲基乙醯胺、二甲基辛醯胺、二甲基癸醯胺(HALLCOMID®)及N-烷基吡咯烷酮;酮諸如丙酮、環己酮、苯乙酮、丁基內酯;以甘油基與羧酸為基礎的酯類諸如甘油基單、二及三乙酸酯、鄰苯二甲酸酯、乳酸乙酯、乳酸2-乙基己基酯;內醯胺;碳酸二酯;腈諸如乙腈、丙腈、丁腈、苯甲腈;亞碸及碸諸如二甲基亞碸(DMSO)及環丁碸;碳酸酯諸如碳酸丙烯酯或碳酸丁烯 酯。不同溶劑的組合,另外包含醇類諸如甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇及異丙醇,以及正丁醇、異丁醇、叔丁醇及2-丁醇,也是合適的。
在本發明的組成物中最常被使用的溶劑包括個別的溶劑或本質上與水互溶的溶劑混合物,以維持組成物的相穩定性。
本發明組成物中有機溶劑之量,依組成物的總重為基準,佔組成量之可能是1~20wt%,通常為3~10wt%。
在本發明中可能使用的烷基多醣苷(d)對應於化學式(III):R4O(R5O)b(Z3)a (III)
其中R4是含6~30個碳原子的單價有機基團;R5是含2~4個碳原子的二價烯類基團;Z3是含5~6個碳原子的葡萄糖殘基;b是0~12之間的數字;a是1~6之間的數字。非限制性之市售烷基多醣苷的實例包括例如來自俄亥俄州辛辛那提Cognis公司的APG®、AGNIQUE®、AGRIMUL®界面活性劑;來自New Castle DE 19720 Uniqema公司的Atlox界面活性劑;來自AKZO NOBEL Surface Chemistry,LLC的AG界面活性劑諸如:
1. AGNIQUE PG 8105界面活性劑:一種烷基多醣苷,其烷基包含8~10個碳原子並具有平均聚合度1.5。
2. AGNIQUE PG 8166界面活性劑:一種烷基多醣苷,其烷基包含8~16個碳原子並具有平均聚合度1.6。
3. AGNIQUE PG 266界面活性劑:一種烷基多醣苷, 其烷基包含12~16個碳原子並具有平均聚合度1.6。
4. AGNIQUE PG 9116界面活性劑:一種烷基多醣苷,其烷基包含9~11個碳原子並具有平均聚合度1.6。
5. AGNIQUE PG 264-U界面活性劑:一種烷基多醣苷,其烷基包含12~16個碳原子並具有平均聚合度1.4。
6. AGNIQUE PG 8107界面活性劑:一種C8~16烷基多醣苷,其烷基包含8~10個碳原子並具有平均聚合度1.7。
7. AGNIQUE PG 266界面活性劑:一種C12~16烷基多醣苷,其烷基包含12~16個碳原子並具有平均聚合度1.6。
8. AL 2575/AL 535界面活性劑:一種C8~11烷基多醣苷,其烷基包含8~11個碳原子並具有HLB值12~13。
9. Akzo Nobel AG6202、AG6206、或AG6210界面活性劑分別是含二乙基己基分支的八碳物;含線性己基的六碳物;線性C8~C10烷基多醣苷。
一般而言烷基多醣苷可能是C6~C16烷基多醣苷。在本發明的組成中最常被使用的是化學式(III)的烷基多醣苷,其中R4是含8~10個碳原子的單價有機基團,b是0;a是1~3之間的數字,一般是1.5~1.7,通常是1.6。
本發明中烷基多醣苷成份,依組成物的總重為基準,佔組成量之可能是1~15wt%,通常為6~12wt%。
雖然本發明的液態除草劑組成物可能是水性的或者溶劑性的,他們通常是水性的。
在本發明的組成物中,水溶性的除草劑成份(a)與 聚氧乙烯烷基硫酸鹽(b)的重量比可能為1:0.2~1:5.0,通常是1:0.8~1:1.2。此外水溶性的除草劑成份(a)與有機溶劑(c)的重量比可能為1:0.02~1:1,通常是1:0.1~1:0.3。然而不想被理論限制住,我們觀察到保持各種成分的比例在這些範圍內,比起單獨使用會加強除草劑成份的生物活性,而不會犧牲組成物的穩定性。而且組成物的黏度也可以維持在希望的範圍內。
不同於習之技術的高濃度殺草劑組成,本發明的組成是穩定的,且在很寬的溫度範圍內是可噴灑的。該組成的黏度在低至0℃的溫度下,一般不超過2000厘泊,通常不超過1500厘泊,多半不超過1000厘泊。使用熟習此技術之人士所熟知的任一種技術,例如用一種名為Brookfield Synchro-letric Model LVT的黏度計,就可測量黏度。一種表面黏度測量方法如下:首先用玻棒攪拌樣品10秒鐘,樣品放至儀器中,打開儀器電源,測量度盤變動3次以後取其讀值。一般而言該量測須使用#3攪拌子以30RPM的轉速來作;然而就如熟習此技術之人士所熟知的,取決於樣品的黏度,有時也必須利用不同的攪拌子與不同的轉速。
本發明的組成物也可能選擇性的包括除草劑配方常用且為熟習此技術之人士所熟知的的助劑。實例包括潤濕劑、分散劑、乳化劑、滲透劑、防腐劑、抗凍劑、蒸發抑制劑諸如丙三醇及乙二醇或丙二醇、山梨糖醇、乳酸鈉、填料、載體、色素包括顏料及/或染料、pH調整劑(緩衝 劑、酸、鹼)、鹽諸如鈣、鎂、銨、鉀、鈉及/或鐵的氯化物、肥料諸如硫酸銨、硝酸銨、尿素,以及消泡劑。
適當的消泡劑包括所有慣用的消泡劑包括以矽酮為基礎者及以全氟烷基次膦酸及膦酸為基礎的消泡劑,特別是以矽酮為基礎的消泡劑,諸如矽酮油為實例。
最常用的消泡劑是選自直鏈聚二甲基矽氧烷消泡劑,在25℃量測其平均動力黏度為1000~8000mPas(mPas=毫帕斯卡-秒),通常為1200~6000mPas並含有矽石。矽石包括聚矽酸、偏矽酸、原矽酸、矽膠、矽酸凝膠、矽藻土、沉澱之二氧化矽等等。
選自直鏈聚二甲基矽氧烷的消泡劑,含有化學式為HO--[Si(CH3)2--O--]n--H的化合物當作它的化學基本結構骨幹,其中尾端的基可被修改,例如醚化,或者接上--Si(CH3)3的基。消泡劑的非限制性實例為RHODORSIL® Antifoam416(Rhodia)以及RHODORSIL® Antifoam481(Rhodia)。其它適當的消泡劑如RHODORSIL® 1824、ANTIMUSSOL 4459-2(Clariant)、Defoamer V 4459(Clariant)、SE Visk及AS EM SE 39(Wacker)。矽酮油也可以乳化劑之形式來使用。
本發明將用以下參考實例來更進一步描述。這些實例只是用來說明本發明而不是要限制它。除了另外特別指明,所有成分都是以重量表示。
實例
以下實例(1~9)說明了各種除草成分的製備,示範共溶劑以及烷基多醣苷的組合及它們在穩定度上的組合效果。實例1、3、及7是本發明的說明,而實例2、4、6、8及9是比較例。各個成分於室溫下在一適當的容器內依表列的順序混合在一起,並且觀察其在室溫是否分相。注意各成分可能依其它的順序混合。例如假使溶液沒有分相,除草劑可能加到溶劑包裡面。
1 乙氧基化三矽氧烷-Degussa公司所售
2 AKZO 6206直鏈己基多醣苷-AKZO Nobel AG所售
3 AKZO 6202 2-乙基己基多醣苷-AKZO Nobel所售
4 C8-11烷基多醣苷,其中烷基含8~11個碳原子且HBL值12~13
5 消泡劑-Clariant所售
實例10~12
實例10~12說明二丙二醇與各種共溶劑的效果。實例10是本發明的組成物而實例11及12是比較例。
1 界面活性劑-Cognis-Care Chemicals所售
實例13(比較例)
以下實例所含的各個組成物以重量份數表示:
上面表格中各個混合物顯示出某種程度的分離,當THFA溶劑量下降及APG界面活性劑量增加時,分離量越少。分離百分率是一種分離相高度比上樣品全部高度的度量值。
實例14
下面實例說明了依據本發明的一種除草劑組成物的製備。各成分依照表列順序混合在一起:
1,2 AKZO NOBEL Surface Chemistry,LLC所售
儘管本發明已經由以上特別具體的說明,顯然對熟習此技術之人士而言本發明可能有許多細節的變化,但不會偏離本發明在如附的申請專利範圍。

Claims (3)

  1. 一種液態除草組成物,包含:(a)20~35重量百分比濃度(以組成物的總重為基準)的草銨膦;(b)10~30重量百分比濃度(以組成物的總重為基準)之聚氧乙烯月桂基硫酸鈉;(c)1~20重量百分比濃度(以組成物的總重為基準)之一種有機溶劑,其係選自丙二醇甲醚、四氫糠醇、二丙二醇、異丙醇、及彼等之混合物中;以及(d)1~15重量百分比濃度(以組成物的總重為基準)之一種C6~C16烷基多醣苷。
  2. 一種液態除草組成物,包含:(a)20~35重量百分比濃度(以組成物的總重為基準)的草銨膦;(b)3~35重量百分比濃度(以組成物的總重為基準)之聚氧乙烯月桂基硫酸鈉;(c)1~20重量百分比濃度(以組成物的總重為基準)之一種有機溶劑,其包括丙二醇甲醚、二丙二醇、及彼等之混合物;以及(d)1~15重量百分比濃度(以組成物的總重為基準)之一種C6~C16烷基多醣苷。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第2項的組成物,其包含:(a)20~35重量百分比濃度(以組成物的總重為基準)的固殺草; (b)3~35重量百分比濃度(以組成物的總重為基準)之聚氧乙烯月桂基硫酸鈉;(c)1~20重量百分比濃度(以組成物的總重為基準)之一種有機溶劑,其包括丙二醇甲醚、二丙二醇、及彼等之混合物;以及(d)1~15重量百分比濃度(以組成物的總重為基準)之一種C8~C10烷基多醣苷。
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