TW201125835A - Carbon-containing refractory material for use in the casting of steel by the bottom pour method and shaped bodies produced therefrom - Google Patents

Carbon-containing refractory material for use in the casting of steel by the bottom pour method and shaped bodies produced therefrom Download PDF

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TW201125835A
TW201125835A TW099137951A TW99137951A TW201125835A TW 201125835 A TW201125835 A TW 201125835A TW 099137951 A TW099137951 A TW 099137951A TW 99137951 A TW99137951 A TW 99137951A TW 201125835 A TW201125835 A TW 201125835A
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refractory material
molded body
steel
carbon
material according
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TW099137951A
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Werner Ritter
Klaus Guido Ruwier
Werner Schonwelski
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Lwb Refractories Gmbh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture
    • B22D7/066—Manufacturing, repairing or reinforcing ingot moulds
    • B22D7/068—Manufacturing, repairing or reinforcing ingot moulds characterised by the materials used therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D9/00—Machines or plants for casting ingots
    • B22D9/006—Machines or plants for casting ingots for bottom casting
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
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    • C04B35/03—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite
    • C04B35/04—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite based on magnesium oxide
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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    • C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
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    • C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
    • C04B35/18—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay rich in aluminium oxide
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
    • C04B35/62645—Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering
    • C04B35/62665—Flame, plasma or melting treatment
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/66—Monolithic refractories or refractory mortars, including those whether or not containing clay
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
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    • C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
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    • C04B2235/42—Non metallic elements added as constituents or additives, e.g. sulfur, phosphor, selenium or tellurium
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    • C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
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Description

201125835 六、發明說明：
L 明戶斤屬冬好冷貝J 本發明係有關於一種當用底澆法鑄造鋼材時用於襯砌 鋼材熔體之分配系統之耐火材料，且係關於以該耐火材料 製成之成型體。 Γ It 實際上周知今日世界上超過90%之鋼材係藉所謂連續 鑄造法固化而成，其中係將液態金屬澆注入兩側開放之水 冷卻模。前述金屬射出於該模之底開口部以形成固態條狀 射出。 除此之外，例如當一種鋼材對於在高溫下連續鑄造期 間產生的彎曲應力反應過於敏感時，或當需要相當之塊厚 度以供鍛造之用或者重板之用時，大量頗多鋼材係亦於閉 塞模鋼錠膜（block mould)中鑄造。在此例子中，不同數 目的模係藉由耐火陶瓷鋼包覆管系統，經過中央入流口由 下充填於底側。 此為傳統的鑄造鋼材方法，即簡稱為底焦法。由於管 狀結構造之故，用於分配器線路區域之耐火陶瓷材料係簡 稱為空心體。因為新鋼合金材的發展，且對於接近最終尺 寸之鑄造的需求增加，前述底洗法近年來已經歷再度興起。 由於有時組件之複雜幾何形狀之故，所用空心體自過 去直至未來主要是透過拉擠法成型。前述成型法所需 成型膠(green _P〇und)之可塑性，經常藉由高比例黏 水來達成。此外，這些成型膠之粗粒成分傳統上係燒粉 201125835 如預燒之黏土，
素（主要為锰和鉻)與耐火成分（主要為游離Si〇2)
械侵蝕，所以前 示。因為此類交互作用與不可避免的熱機 述耐火材料之粒子轉移至鋼材熔體中，其 成本 在許多例子中最終鑄造成品包含非金屬夾雜物並阻礙該鱗 造成品的後續處理，或導致具有不良機械特性的不良鋼組 件士此使^•般非常巨大的鎢造成品需耗費可觀的額外 ” -Jc 0 隨著對藉底濟法鑄造鋼材之品質要求也漸增，因此在 進，步發展空心體的範圍内，料必須將游離卿含量降 你矣愈低愈好。這是藉由下述方式來完成 …使用較富含Al2〇3的粗粒(例如燒結紹攀土） …在1990年代，藉由減少黏土成分以在液壓機中藉由 f乾法製出特殊規格，以及 ---藉著近年來最適化之結合概念 透過前述方式，已能夠大體上將筆因於鋼塊體中之非 贪屬夾雜物(孔穴)之風險降至最低。然而，在用於空心體之 預燒之陶瓷材料的例子中’依舊存在僅有中等溫度循環穩 定性之缺點。這會導致在鑄造初期及鑄造後陶瓷附著到剩 餘的金屬殘留物(所謂澆口）時的龜裂。如此使得鋼材部件的 分離及進一步利用變得困難。 另外已有人提出（DE 101 40 019 C1)提供一分配系統， 其臭有由高純度氧化鋁所組成的元件，使該等元件與炫體 4 201125835 流接觸以使雜質沉澱於該等元件上。 含碳與結合碳之耐火材料的優點本身在鋼鐵業界已久 為周知。藉此個碳材料之性質，即其料會如喊般會 因鋼材而易溼，且其等通常仍含有揮發性成分，其在溫二 作用下可形成-蒸汽塾，而因此可減少熱衝擊和防止渗 透。其次，也因此可預防収材料之侵触，且避免鋼材中 之非金屬夾雜物並改良鋼材品質。顯著地促進澆口之 用。 【明内】 因此’本發明之一目的係以還原反應提供前述耐火材 料’及提供以糾火材成之成型體，藉此可靠地預防 鋼材之非金屬夾雜物，以致能增進鋼材品質。 根據本發明之耐火材料的特徵在於該财火材料至少在 鋼材側含有含碳成分，且該耐火㈣係結合至該等含碳成 刀及/或塗覆有該等含碳成分，及/或浸潰有該等含碳成 分。 根據本發明之前述發明之耐火材料所製成的成型體之 特徵在於4成型體係㈣成空讀，或者該成型體是藉乾 壓與碳結合。 根據本發明之另—教示，結合成分，及/或浸潰成分， 及/或塗覆成分係合成樹脂，焦油，遞青，焦油或遞青之 替代物’或其他符合耐火目的之含碳黏合誠浸潰介質。 在本發明之另一構形中，耐火材料可更包含例如碳 ’"、石墨、樹脂粉、細磨之煤炭或其類似物之含碳耐火成 201125835 分。 根據本發明之又一教示’在塗覆或浸潰之前，該耐火 材料為陶瓷燒結之耐火材料。尤其當該耐火材料係用於具 有更精細幾何形狀之成型體時，此點更為有利。 於塗覆或浸潰之後，該耐火材料可經一適當之熱處理。 根據本發明之另一構形，該耐火材料更包含有不含碳 之成分，如燒粉、紅柱石、燒結鋁礬土、管狀氧化鋁、熔 凝金剛砂、氧化鎂及相似填料。 除了管形磚及槽型磚之外，例如流入漏斗、中心碑或 冒口磚之特殊成型體亦可使用根據本發明之耐火材料來製 造。 根據本發明，在拉擠成型體的例子中，端視其特定裝 »又地點和期望之使用壽命而定，塗覆及/或浸潰係於鋼材側 上或於所有側上進行。 此等發現已藉由在鋼材工件上的實際試驗來測試和確 認。具有碳結合之類型使在一側（鋼材側）或所有側塗覆有及 浸潰有含碳成分_宪燒結空d具有可相互比較的結 果。在鋼材上使用碳之風險在目前為止之研究案例中被視 為可忽略。 本發明主要依據含碳成分先前未曾用在鋼材底洗法上 之事實。根據本發明，此-材料之採用與應用已在空心體 之製造上達成。 本發明將在下文中藉助於僅代表_示意模範實施例的 圖式’更詳細地解釋說明。在圖式中： 6 201125835 第1圖係顯示用於鋼材底澆法之鑄造系統之縱截面圖。 第2圖係顯示使用碳與未使用碳之澆口和分離之空心 體的比較圖。 第3圖係顯示不同底澆裝置之澆口之截面圖。
【實方方式]I 第1圖顯示一具有兩鑄造模2、3之用於鋼錠鑄造之底澆 裝置1。在鑄造模2、3之間，設置具有一流入漏斗5之澆注 漏斗4,該澆注漏斗4可藉由鑄造槽（圖未示）填充液態鋼材熔 體。在流入漏斗5之下，具有多數之管形磚6。在底部管形 磚6之下，一中心磚7確保鋼材熔體（未顯示）在沿槽型磚8之 箭頭方向之分配均勻。在槽之盡頭設置有冒口磚9，使得該 等冒口磚9分別終止於上述設置之鑄造模2、3中央的開口 (未顯示細節）。 根據本發明，底澆裝置之所有會與液態鋼熔體接觸之 磚，即流入漏斗5、管形磚6、中心磚7、槽型磚8及冒口磚9， 均由耐火材料構成，該耐火材料至少在鋼材側包含有含碳 成分，或與該等含碳成分結合，及/或塗覆/浸潰有該等含碳 成分。由於使用在成型體5~9之碳，僅因鋼熔體而微溼，所 以能夠極可靠地防止夾帶入成型體之非金屬屑，於是鋼材 品質大幅提升。因為澆口具有非常平滑未受異物污染之表 面，亦可顯著地促使澆口之再使用。 第2圖顯示一澆口 10，其左半部固化成未含碳之成型 碑，其右半部固化成根據本發明之成型體。可清楚看到左 邊區域覆蓋有非金屬夾雜物之「硬殼層」。相同的處理施用 201125835 於成型體本身時，左手邊表示之槽型磚11A的部分受到的壓 迫，顯然比右邊表示之含碳槽型碑11B的部分更強大。 在第3圖中甚至更清楚’其中使用鋼澆口之四個區段， 區段12A至12C係來自碳結合成型體之業經冷卻之澆口，且 來自未含碳之成型體之通過澆口的區段13上清楚可見環繞 鋼心之一硬殼層14。由此清楚可知，未含非金屬堆積物之 澆口 12A、12B、12C，較具有非金屬附著物之硬殼層14而 須先將之去除之洗口 13更易再使用。 【圖式簡翠_說^明】 第1圖係顯_於崎絲法之鑷造系統之縱截面圖。 第2圖係顯示使用碳與未使用碳之堯口和分離之空心 體的比較圖。 之戴面圖。 第3圖係顯示不同底繞敦置之濟口 主要元件符鱿說明】 11A·..槽型缚 11B…槽型碑 12A··.區段 12B···區段 12C.··區段 13...區段 14·..硬殼層 1.. .底澆裝置 2.. .鑄造模 3.. .鑄造模 4.. .洗注漏斗 5.. .入流漏斗 6.. .管形磚 7.. .中心磚 8.. .槽型碑 9.. .冒口碑 10.. .澆口

Claims (1)

  1. 201125835 七、申請專利範圍： 1. 一種當用底澆法鑄造鋼材時用於襯砌鋼材熔體之分配系 統之耐火材料，其特徵在於該耐火材料至少在鋼材側包 含有含碳成分，與該等含碳成分黏合，及/或塗覆有該含 碳成分，及/或浸潰有該等含碳成分。 2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之耐火材料，其特徵在於該結合 成分為合成樹脂，焦油，遞青，焦油或遞青之替代物， 或另一適用於耐火目的之含碳黏合劑。 3. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之耐火材料，其特徵在於該浸 潰成分或塗覆成分係合成樹脂，焦油，遞青，焦油或遞 青之替代物，或另一適用於耐火目的之含碳浸潰介質。 4. 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之耐火材料，其特徵 在於可更包含有如碳黑、石墨、樹脂粉、細磨碎之煤炭 等之含碳耐火成分。 5. 如申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項之耐火材料，其特徵 在於該耐火材料在該塗覆或浸潰之前為陶瓷燒結之耐 火材料。 6. 如申請專利範圍第1至5項中任一項之耐火材料，其特徵 在於已經過適當之熱處理。 7. 如申請專利範圍第1至6項中任一項之耐火材料，其特徵 在於不含碳之成分係傳統陶瓷成分，如燒粉、紅柱石、 燒結鋁礬土、管狀氧化鋁、熔凝金剛砂、氧化鎂及相似 填料。 8. 一種由如申請專利範圍第1至7項中任一項之耐火材料 9 201125835 所製成之成型體，其特徵在於該成型體拉擠成空心體。 9. 一種由如申請專利範圍第1至7項中任一項之耐火材料 所製成之成型體，其特徵在於該成型體是藉乾壓進行碳 結合。 10. —種由如申請專利範圍第1至7項中任一項之耐火材料 所製成之成型體，其特徵在於該成型體形成流入漏斗。 11 · 一種由如申請專利範圍第1至7項中任一項之而ί火材料 所製成之成型體，其特徵在於該成型體形成管形磚。 12. —種由如申請專利範圍第1至7項中任一項之耐火材料 所製成之成型體，其特徵在於該成型體形成中心磚。 13. —種由如申請專利範圍第1至7項中任一項之财火材料 所製成之成型體，其特徵在於該成型體形成槽型磚。 14. 一種由如申請專利範圍第1至7項中任一項之耐火材料 所製成之成型體，其特徵在於該成型體形成冒口磚。 15. 如申請專利範圍第8至14項中任一項之成型體，其特徵 在於該塗覆及/或浸潰係於該鋼材側或所有側上進行。 10
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