TW200812933A - Process for the production of ceramic green films with acetalated polyvinyl alcohols - Google Patents

Process for the production of ceramic green films with acetalated polyvinyl alcohols Download PDF

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Publication number
TW200812933A
TW200812933A TW096116404A TW96116404A TW200812933A TW 200812933 A TW200812933 A TW 200812933A TW 096116404 A TW096116404 A TW 096116404A TW 96116404 A TW96116404 A TW 96116404A TW 200812933 A TW200812933 A TW 200812933A
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
polyvinyl alcohol
weight
acetalized polyvinyl
acetalized
suspension
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Application number
TW096116404A
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English (en)
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TWI424977B (zh
Inventor
Michael Frank
Robert Fuss
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Kuraray Europe Gmbh
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Priority claimed from EP06113753A external-priority patent/EP1854771A1/de
Application filed by Kuraray Europe Gmbh filed Critical Kuraray Europe Gmbh
Publication of TW200812933A publication Critical patent/TW200812933A/zh
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Publication of TWI424977B publication Critical patent/TWI424977B/zh

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    • C04B35/632Organic additives
    • C04B35/634Polymers
    • C04B35/63404Polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B35/63416Polyvinylalcohols [PVA]; Polyvinylacetates
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    • C08F116/00Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical
    • C08F116/02Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical by an alcohol radical
    • C08F116/04Acyclic compounds
    • C08F116/06Polyvinyl alcohol ; Vinyl alcohol
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  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)

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200812933 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 說明 本發明係關於縮醛化聚乙烯醇用於製造陶瓷生膜之 5 用途及/或關於一種用於製造此等陶甍生膜之方法。 【先前技術】 技術領域^ 用於電子工業之陶瓷材料時常係經由所謂生膜(即包 1〇 含陶瓷材料之相似於膜,薄之塑造物體)之燒結而製造。 對於此等生膜之製造,首先使用塑化劑及分散劑以製造金 屬氧化物與有機溶劑之懸浮液。隨後經由適合之方法(即 刮刀片方法)而將此種懸浮液以需要之厚度塗敷於載體膜 上,及移除溶劑。如此獲得之生膜必須不含裂縫、顯示平 15 滑之表面並且仍然具有某些彈性。 技藝之技術發展 時常使用魚油、聚丙烯酸醋或某些聚乙烯縮醛諸如聚 乙烯丁酸作為用於製造陶瓷生膜之黏合劑及/或分散劑。因 2〇 此德國專利4 003 198 A1敘述用於陶兗生膜之洗注用、 漿之製造’其中使用具有0至2重量%之殘餘聚醋酸乙歸 醋含I之^^乙卸丁路作為黏合劑。以相似之方法,待國專 利3 724 108 A1揭示聚乙烯丁搭之使用,殘餘醋酸乙缚酸 含量係0.5至3.0重量%。 1 5 200812933 然而,於此處敘述之聚乙烯丁醛顯示低之分散性,及 充當暫時之黏合劑以保證需要之生膜之撓性。以此種方法 獲得之懸浮液顯示僅相對地低之固體之比例。 自不同之技術領域,即印刷墨水及油漆之製造,具有 5 較高之殘餘醋酸酯含量之聚乙烯丁醛之使用係已為吾人 所知的(德國專利198 16 722 A1 )。此外,德國專利 1545135 A1揭示具有8%之殘餘醋酸酯含量之聚乙烯丁搭 用於製造分散液之用途。 前述之文獻係關於分散有機顏料及/或其本身之分散 ίο 液之方法,及不是關於陶瓷粉末之懸浮液或陶瓷生膜之製 造。 於美國專利6,211,289中,敘述於懸浮液中之乙稀醇 與1-烷基乙烯醇之縮醛化之共聚物用於製造生膜之用 途。可能為了調節懸浮液之適合之黏度,此等化合物顯示 15 <5重量%之殘餘醋酸酯含量。此外,來自乙烯醇與^燒 基乙稀醇之共聚物之製造係複雜的。 【發明内容】 目的 於是,本發明之目的係由提供用於製造陶兗生膜之豫 浮液之黏合劑或分散劑構成,該等黏合劑或分散劑顯示^ 之分散效應及保證該懸浮液之高之固體含量同時耳有^ 充分令人驚訝地,已發現,對於陶瓷懸浮液之製造及 6 200812933 因此對於陶瓷生膜之製造,且士一 量之聚乙稀祕係很適一==:_含 主复I之目的 於是本發明之目的係由提㈣ 变塑造物體之祕化聚乙 之聚合度‘里之^酸乙_含量及⑽至謂 根據本發較狀_化紅騎完全係 ^立組成,不含i-烧基乙婦醇單位。較佳 = 至5〇重量%,特別較佳地10至 至20重量%或14至18重量%之聚醋酸乙稀醋含量。。 此外,縮醛化聚乙烯醇可顯示1〇至%重量q/ 15 =至27重量%及特定言之16至21重量%之聚乙稀义醇 縮路化聚乙烯醇之聚合度較佳地係於刚與1〇〇〇 之間,特別較佳地於100與800之間及特定言之於、 500之間。 、 ” 較仏地,使用之細搭化聚乙浠醇顯示2至5⑽毫帕秒 (mPas),特別較佳地2至200毫帕秒,特定言之2至125 毫帕秒或2至75毫帕秒之根據DIN 53015 (於乙醇中之 1〇%>谷液,於20°C,於Hoeppler黏度計中)測定之黏度。 根據本發明使用之縮醛化聚乙烯醇可係以完全或部 分縮醛化之狀態使用,具有15至80重量❾/〇(特定言之2〇 7 20 200812933 至60重量%)之縮醛化作用程度之部分縮醛化之聚乙烯醇 之使用係較佳的。根據本發明使用之縮醛化聚乙烯醇之縮 醛化作用程度亦係自100%與聚醋酸乙烯酯含量加上聚乙 烯醇含量比較之差異測定(於每種情況中以重量%表示)。 對於聚乙烯醇之縮酸化作用,可使用一種或數種來自 甲醛、乙醛、丙醛、丁醛、異丁醛、戊醛、己醛、庚醛、 辛醛、壬醛、異壬醛或癸醛之族群之醛。較佳地,使用丁 醛以用於縮醛化作用,致使較佳地轉而使用聚乙烯丁 用於製造生膜。 理論上,專家熟諳縮醛化聚乙烯醇之製造,及其係經 由對應之聚乙烯醇之以酸催化之縮醛化作用而進行。、於3 =專利|9 816 722 A1中揭示之聚乙稀丁搭及/或彼等之^ 蛻=法係特別適合的。對於適合於根據本發明之用途之聚 15 乙烯乙醛(p〇1yvinylaCetals)及/或聚乙烯丁醛之 2 定地參考此文件。 特 此外’本發明之目的係由用於經由塑製及乾燥包含無 =料、有機溶劑、黏合劑、塑化劑及分散劑之懸浮液而、 ^陶究生膜或喊塑造物體之方法構成,其中使用具有 50重量%之聚醋酸乙烯自旨含量或其他前述之聚醋酸乙 婦自日含量及1〇〇至12〇〇之聚合度? 為分散劑。 “度〜之驗化聚乙晞醇作 較佳地,根據本發明製造之懸浮液包含O.i至1〇重 二,較佳地i至8重量% ’特別較佳地2至6重量%,特定 s之0.1至2重量%之所謂縮醛化聚乙烯醇。 20 200812933 先以生體之製造,應參考前狀文獻。通常,首 石諸如例如甲醇、曱苯、曱基乙基酮(mek)、 J二Γ醇或此等之混合物)將一種或數種無機顏料 2t^Al2〇3、BaTi〇3、魏化物、⑽、取或氣 ist 士入二1,將分散劑諸如魚油及/或前述之縮醛化聚乙烯 .1 φ懸洋液中。隨後,將一種或數種塑化劑加入該 懸Ί中,及於數小時之過財均質化。 使用駄酸酯(諸如酜酸二辛酯、駄酸二丁酯 或酜酸卞基丁I^ 10 15 I曰)、己二酸酯、聚乙二醇、磷酸酯、擰 豕文曰旨化之聚乙二醇諸如3G7或3G8作為塑化劑。 用於懸洋液之製造,根據本發明之方法因此可包含下 列階段: :、、、機材料(顏料)懸浮於有機溶劑中 -分散劑之添加 視而要·使無機材料於溶劑與分散劑之混合物中之發泡 一懸浮液之均質化 -塑化劑之添加 -黏合劑之添加,視需要,該黏合劑係與分散劑完全相同 - 懸浮液之均質化。 根據本發明之使用及/或根據本發明之方法致使,以所 謂縮醛化聚乙烯醇大量地或完全地取代通常作為分散劑 使用之材料變成可能。較佳地,使用以至少5〇重量% (特 定言之75%及特別地100%)之比例包含上述之縮醛化聚 乙烯醇之分散劑混合物。 9 20 200812933 組合入懸浮液中之聚合之黏合劑係,例如,由標準聚 乙烯丁醛、聚丙烯酸酯及/或上述之縮醛化聚乙烯醇(本身 或於混合物中)組成。適合作為標準聚乙烯丁醛者係,例 如,來自 Kuraray Europe GmbH 之種類 Mowital B20H、 B45H、B45M、B60、B60H或B75。此等標準聚乙浠丁醛 之聚醋酸乙烯醋含量係1至4重量%。 10 15 特定言之,使用一種或數種標準聚乙烯丁醛與一種或 數種上述之縮醛化聚乙烯醇之混合物係可能的,標準聚乙 烯丁酸之比例係低於50重量%(即於〇與5〇重量%之間), 較佳地低於25重量❻/❶(即於0與25重量%之間)及特定 言之於0與1〇重量%之間。 於本發明之一種變異形式中,使用僅上述之縮醛化聚 乙烯醇作為黏合劑,而且無其他之聚合之黏合劑。 於本發明之另一種變異形式中, 聚乙烯醇作為分散劑及作為黏合劑, 黏合劑或分散劑。 使用僅上述之縮醛化 而且無另外之聚合之 ,如此獲得之懸浮液係於適合之混合機諸如例如球磨 粉機中均質化。已經由使用縮酿化聚乙稀醇而製造之懸浮 液係以特別低之黏度連同分散劑之同樣地低之濃度為特 徵。,應地,懸浮液可具有高比例之固體連同低之$度: 其巨量地促成於連續製造設施中該懸浮液之加工成^陶 20 200812933 【實施方式】 測定之方法 a )聚醋酸乙細S旨含暑之測定 應瞭解,聚醋酸乙烯酯含量意表以重量%表示之乙醯 基之比例,該乙醯基係自對於1克物質之皂化作用所必需 之氫氧化鉀溶液之消耗所生成。 測定之方法(以EN ISO 3681為基礎)
NaOH中和該溶液。隨後,將25·〇毫升之 入,及於回流下進行加熱歷時1.5小時。 於密閉之狀態中冷卻,及於酚酞作 〇·1 Ν之氫氯酸較過量之液體,直^ 將精確地稱重至1毫克之約2克之受研究之物質加入 5〇〇毫升圓底燒瓶中,及於回流下溶解於9〇毫升之乙醇與 10毫升之料中。於冷卻後,對照於紛敵,以_ N ^ 將25.0毫升之n 之ΚΟΗ加 止。以相同之方法虛王f斟昭接丄 <
5小時。然後容許該燒瓶 丨乍為指示劑之對照下,以 ’直到獲得永久之變色為 >烯酯含量係如 (b- a)*86/E, - K〇H之消耗 〇·1 N 之 KOH 乾燥狀態中稱
醇含量)係羥基之比例, 200812933 其係經由以乙酐之隨後縮醛化作用而可檢測出。 測定之方法(以DIN 53240為基礎) 將精確地稱重至1毫克之約1克之Mowital加入300 毫升圓底錐形燒瓶中,將10·0毫升之乙酐吡啶混合物 (23 : 7體積/體積)加入,及加熱此至5〇。〇歷時15 一 20 小時。於冷卻之後,將17毫升之ι,2-二氯乙烷加入,及短 暫地旋轉。隨後,於攪拌下將8毫升之水加入,以塞子封 閉該燒瓶,及進行攪拌歷時10分鐘。以5〇毫升之去離子 水清洗燒槪之頸部及塞子,以5毫升之正丁醇覆蓋,及對 照於酚酞,以1Ν之燒鹼溶液滴定自由態醋酸。以相同之 方法處理對照樣本。聚乙烯醇含量係如下計算··聚乙烯醇 含量[%] = (b- a)*440/E,其中a=以毫升表示之用於樣本 之1 N之NaOH之消耗量,b=以毫升表示之用於對照樣 本之1 N之NaOH之消耗量及E=h克表示之受檢查之物 質於乾燥狀態中稱重加入之數量。 c) 黏度之 使用之聚乙烯縮醛之黏度係根據DIN 53015對於 中之10%溶液於2〇。〇於Hoeppler黏度計中測定。醇 d) 聚合度 聚合度可係對於聚乙烯醇較容易地測定,
搭化作用中不改變。使用聚乙稀丁_為實例,聚 ^ 係根據下列式計算: Q 12 200812933 p W (86-0,42·圳 从w係L由與靜止光散射(絕對方法)結合之對於經再 雜化樣本之膠透層析術(GPC)而進行。對於〜之值之 精確度係測定為±15%。 水解度(DH [莫耳%])係根據下列式計算:
DH 100-0,1535 EV Ϊ00 - 0,0749 ·Εν 酯值(EV)係如下列及使用下列式測定: EV_(a-b)-5,61
E 10 15 其中a=0.1N之KOH之消耗量[毫升],b=用於對照樣本 之0.1 N之KOH之消耗量[毫升],E==稱重加入之聚乙烯 醇之精確數量。 將約1克之聚乙烯醇引進入250毫升圓底燒瓶中,及 將70耄升之蒸餾水及3〇毫升之經中和之醇加入,及於回 流下加熱直到聚乙烯醇已完全溶解為止。於冷卻後,對照 於酚酞,以0·1Ν之KOH進行滴定直到中性。當已完成中 和作用時,將50毫升之0.1 Ν之ΚΟΗ加入,及於回流下 加熱此混合物歷時1小時。對照於作為指示劑之盼酜,於 加熱中以0·1 Ν之HC1逆滴定過量之液體,直到溶液之顏 色不再回復為止。同時,以對照樣本進行該試驗。 比較實例(根據技藝之技術發展水準之黏合劑,所有 皆來自 Kuraray Europe GmbH )
1 ) 具有約600之聚合度之Mowital B45H 2) 具有約800之聚合度之Mowital B60H 13 20 200812933 3)具有約400之聚合度之MowitalB20H。 實例1 使用之黏合劑: 根據德國專利19 816 722 A1具有約800之聚合度、 具有20.2重量%之聚乙烯醇含量、161%之聚醋酸乙烯酯 含量及122.5亳帕秒之於乙醇中之1〇%溶液於2〇°C根據 DIN 53015之於H〇eppier黏度計中測定之黏度之聚乙烯丁 醛。 實例2 使用之黏合劑·· 根據德國專利19 816 722 A1具有約1100之聚合度、 具有20·7重量❻/〇之聚乙烯醇含量、16.2%之聚醋酸乙稀酯 含量及275毫帕秒之於乙醇中之1〇%溶液於2〇。〇根據DIN 53015之於Hoeppler黏度計中測定之黏度之聚乙烯丁醛。 實例3 使用之黏合劑: 根據德國專利19 816 722 A1具有約350之聚合度、 具有19·6重量%之聚乙烯醇含量、19.4%之聚醋酸乙烯酯 含蓋及20·8亳帕秒之於乙醇中之1〇%溶液於2〇。〇根據 DIN 53015之於Hoeppler黏度計中測定之黏度之聚乙稀丁 200812933 使用之另外材料 成分 說明 溶劑 共沸之曱苯-乙醇混合物 分散劑 大鰣魚油,Reicholdlnc.,美國 陶瓷填充劑 鋁氧 A16-SG,Alcoa,美國 顆粒尺寸(I50 . 0.35微米 比表面積(BET) ·· 6.6米2/克 塑化劑 酞酸烷基(C7- C9)苄酯,Ferro 懸浮液性質之評估 5 a) 黏合劑溶液之流變學之行為 測量方法··對於流變學性質之測定,分別地製造聚乙 烯丁醛(PVB)於乙醇/曱苯之溶劑混合物中之10質量%之 溶液,及於滾轉混合機中均質化該等溶液歷時24小時。 根據測量之錐與板原理(錐直徑50毫米,開口角2 ίο 度)使用來自Anton Paar (澳洲)之旋轉流變計UDS 200 而進行流變學之描述。旋轉錐之控制係經由剪應力控制而 進行,測量溫度係20°C。黏度係對於剪應力繪圖。 結果及評估:圖1、4及6顯示,與20帕*秒之剪應 力相關之黏合劑溶液之平均黏度,於整個測量範圍内該等 15 黏合劑溶液顯示固定之黏度(牛頓型行為)。下列之表表 示,相關於以上數值之測量數據。 15 200812933 VB1 B45H 實例1 VB2 B60H 實例2 黏Ϊ [亳帕*秒] 70-80 125 227 274 一 VB3 B20H 實例3 Is 21 具有根據本發明具有根據實例1、2及3之南聚醋酸 乙烯酯含量之聚乙烯丁醛(PVB)之溶液顯杀比該等比較 之物質B20H、B45H及B60H較高之溶液黏度。 5 b) 懸浮液之流變學 測量之方法:為了評估聚乙烯丁醛(pVB)黏合劑之分 散效果,製備不同之Al2〇3懸浮液(40重量0/〇之乙醇/甲苯’ 60重量%之Al2〇3)。逐步地將相關之聚乙烯丁醛黏合劑及 10 /或分散劑加入此等懸浮液中,及均質化歷時若干小時。用 於膜之製造,首先將分散劑(於此案例中聚乙烯丁醛)預 溶解於溶劑中,然後將粉末加入。相關之懸浮液係藉旋轉 黏度計而描述。對於此目的,使用於丨〇〇磧/秒(</s)之剪切 速率之懸浮液黏度作為比較值。 15 結果及評估:圖2、3、5及7顯示不同之懸浮液之黏 度,如懸浮液之固體含量之函數。於與時常作為分散劑使 用之魚油比較中,使用之聚乙烯丁醛黏合劑具有降低之黏 度。此外,由於對應地製備之懸浮液之黏度值係牴於以 Mowital類型製備之懸浮液者,因此於與比較之物質 2〇 Mowital B20H、B45H及B6〇H比較中,獲得較佳之分散 效果。 200812933 受研究之分散劑之分散性質之比較係於圖3、5及7 中表示。分散效果愈佳,則相關之Al2〇3懸浮液之黏度愈 低。當使用具有面之聚醋酸乙稀S旨含置之聚乙婦丁酸類型 以替代B45H或魚油時,達成明確地較多之液體及因此較 5 佳地分散之懸浮液。 生膜之製造 將如此獲付之懸浮液(>堯注用泥裝(casting slip )除 氣、及於具有固定之雙室塑製器具之4米長度之膜塑製設 ίο 施中根據刮刀片方法塑製。使用已以矽處理之聚對酜酸乙 一 S曰(PET )膜(厚度100微米)作為塑製支座。於塑製 之後,膜係於空氣中乾燥歷時48小時(溫度= 22〇c ;大 氣之濕度= 65%)及隨後抽出。 獲得之膜具有200微米之厚度及於光學評估中不顯示 15 裂縫、起泡或瑕疵。 塑製之Al2〇3膜之密度係經由根據阿幾米德原理 (Archimedes)之浮力測量而測定。生膜密度皆係於對於 在60與70%之間之理論厚度之膜塑製係標準之範圍之内。 自相關之生膜,鑽孔出於所謂、、狗骨頭(d〇gb〇nes)" 20 形式之適合之拉伸試樣。每種種類之膜,於橫過於塑製之 方向鑽孔出10個拉伸試樣及於平行於於塑製之方向鑽孔 出10個拉伸試樣,俾能測定生體之可能之各向異性之行 為。使用纖維拉伸試驗設備(FafegraphME,Textech〇)作 為試驗機器。測量之最大範圍係1〇〇牛頓,負荷之速率係 200812933 ίο毫米/分鐘。測量係於室溫於周圍空氣中進行。 測定出與根據技藝之技術發展水準之生膜可比較之 數值,此等數值表示於特性中,於根據本發明製造之膜與 根據技藝之技術發展水準者之間無重大之差異。 5 於是,對於陶瓷生膜之製造,新穎之聚乙烯丁醛(PVB) 類型係適合於作為分散劑及同時作為黏合劑。有利地,於 懸浮液之製造之期間達成改良之分散效果及較高之固體 含量,及因此達成值得注意之應用技術之利益。 10 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1顯示與剪應力相關之黏合劑溶液之平均黏度。 圖2顯示懸浮液之黏度與固體含量之函數。 圖3顯示懸浮液之黏度與固體含量之函數。 圖4顯示與剪應力相關之黏合劑溶液之平均黏度。 15 圖5顯示懸浮液之黏度與固體含量之函數。 圖6顯示與剪應力相關之黏合劑溶液之平均黏度。 圖7顯示懸浮液之黏度與固體含量之函數。 【主要元件符號說明】 20 無 18

Claims (1)

  1. 200812933 十、申請專利範圍: 1. 一種縮醛化聚乙烯醇用於製造陶瓷生膜或陶瓷塑造物 體之用途,其特徵為該縮醛化聚乙烯醇具有8至50重 量%之聚醋酸乙烯酯含量及100至1200之聚合度。 5 2. —種縮醛化聚乙烯醇之用途,其特徵為該縮醛化聚乙烯 醇具有10至35重量%之聚乙烯醇含量。 3. 如請求項1或2之縮醛化聚乙烯醇之用途,其特徵為該 〇 縮醛化聚乙烯醇具有100至1000之聚合度。 4. 如請求項1或2之縮醛化聚乙烯醇之用途,其特徵為該 ίο 縮醛化聚乙烯醇具有2至500毫帕秒之根據DIN 53015 測定之黏度。 5. 如請求項1至4之縮醛化聚乙烯醇之用途,其特徵為使 用甲醛、乙醛、丙醛、丁醛、異丁醛、戊醛、己醛、庚 醛、辛醛、壬醛、異壬醛或癸醛之族群之一種或數種醛 15 以用於該聚乙烯醇之縮醛化作用。 4 6.如請求項1至5之縮醛化聚乙烯醇之用途,其特徵為使 用聚乙烯丁醛作為該縮醛化聚乙烯醇。 7. —種用於經由塑製及乾燥包含無機顏料、有機溶劑、黏 合劑、塑化劑及分散劑之懸浮液而製造陶瓷生膜或陶瓷 2〇 塑造物體之方法,其特徵為使用具有8至50重量%之聚 醋酸乙烯酯含量及100至1200之聚合度7w之縮醛化聚 乙烯醇作為分散劑。 19 200812933
    8.如請求項7之用於製造陶瓷生膜或陶瓷塑造物體之方 法,其特徵為該懸浮液包含0.1至10重量%之該縮醛化 聚乙烯醇。 20
TW096116404A 2006-05-10 2007-05-09 製造含縮醛化聚乙烯醇之陶瓷生膜之方法 TWI424977B (zh)

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