SK98098A3 - Optical resolution of methylphenidate to enantiomers by 0,0'-bisaroyl-2,3-dihydroxybutanedione acids - Google Patents
Optical resolution of methylphenidate to enantiomers by 0,0'-bisaroyl-2,3-dihydroxybutanedione acids Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- SK98098A3 SK98098A3 SK980-98A SK98098A SK98098A3 SK 98098 A3 SK98098 A3 SK 98098A3 SK 98098 A SK98098 A SK 98098A SK 98098 A3 SK98098 A3 SK 98098A3
- Authority
- SK
- Slovakia
- Prior art keywords
- methylphenidate
- threo
- enantiomers
- weight
- contaminant
- Prior art date
Links
- DUGOZIWVEXMGBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylphenidate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C(=O)OC)C1CCCCN1 DUGOZIWVEXMGBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 229960001344 methylphenidate Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-[3-(1-cyclopropylpyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one Chemical class C1(CC1)N1N=CC(=C1)C1=NNC2=C1N=C(N=C2)N1C2C(N(CC1CC2)C)=O HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 title description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- INGSNVSERUZOAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ritalinic acid Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C(=O)O)C1CCCCN1 INGSNVSERUZOAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- DUGOZIWVEXMGBE-CHWSQXEVSA-N dexmethylphenidate Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@H](C(=O)OC)C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCN1 DUGOZIWVEXMGBE-CHWSQXEVSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960001042 dexmethylphenidate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012458 free base Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000013403 hyperactivity Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 201000003631 narcolepsy Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- DUGOZIWVEXMGBE-OLZOCXBDSA-N methyl (S)-phenyl[(R)-piperidin-2-yl]acetate Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@@H](C(=O)OC)C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCN1 DUGOZIWVEXMGBE-OLZOCXBDSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- JEHUZVBIUCAMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diyl hydrogenphosphate Chemical compound O1P(O)(=O)OC2=CC=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C2C2=C1C=CC1=CC=CC=C21 JEHUZVBIUCAMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- QCQCHGYLTSGIGX-GHXANHINSA-N 4-[[(3ar,5ar,5br,7ar,9s,11ar,11br,13as)-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-3a-[(5-methylpyridine-3-carbonyl)amino]-2-oxo-1-propan-2-yl-4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-dodecahydro-3h-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl]oxy]-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound N([C@@]12CC[C@@]3(C)[C@]4(C)CC[C@H]5C(C)(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)CC(C)(C)C(O)=O)CC[C@]5(C)[C@H]4CC[C@@H]3C1=C(C(C2)=O)C(C)C)C(=O)C1=CN=CC(C)=C1 QCQCHGYLTSGIGX-GHXANHINSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric Acid Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HZZOUWBMMWVPTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[6-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]-1,4-dioxocan-6-yl]-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)C1(N(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O)CCOCCOC1 HZZOUWBMMWVPTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000006096 Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000036864 Attention deficit/hyperactivity disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ULGZDMOVFRHVEP-RWJQBGPGSA-N Erythromycin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](C)C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@]([C@H](O)[C@@H](C)C(=O)[C@H](C)C[C@@](C)(O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](C)O2)N(C)C)O)[C@H]1C)(C)O)CC)[C@H]1C[C@@](C)(OC)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 ULGZDMOVFRHVEP-RWJQBGPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004296 chiral HPLC Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 erythro methylphenidate amide Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001511 high performance liquid chromatography nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JUMYIBMBTDDLNG-OJERSXHUSA-N hydron;methyl (2r)-2-phenyl-2-[(2r)-piperidin-2-yl]acetate;chloride Chemical compound Cl.C([C@@H]1[C@H](C(=O)OC)C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCN1 JUMYIBMBTDDLNG-OJERSXHUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D211/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
- A61K31/4458—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine only substituted in position 2, e.g. methylphenidate
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D9/00—Crystallisation
- B01D9/0004—Crystallisation cooling by heat exchange
- B01D9/0013—Crystallisation cooling by heat exchange by indirect heat exchange
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Psychiatry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Hydrogenated Pyridines (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB9601228.1A GB9601228D0 (en) | 1996-01-22 | 1996-01-22 | Resolution |
| GB9700156 | 1997-01-20 | ||
| PCT/GB1997/000185 WO1997027176A1 (en) | 1996-01-22 | 1997-01-22 | Optical resolution of methylphenidate by 0,0'-bisaroyl tartaric acids |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SK98098A3 true SK98098A3 (en) | 1999-03-12 |
Family
ID=26308503
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SK980-98A SK98098A3 (en) | 1996-01-22 | 1997-01-22 | Optical resolution of methylphenidate to enantiomers by 0,0'-bisaroyl-2,3-dihydroxybutanedione acids |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0883608B1 (hu) |
| JP (1) | JP4163748B2 (hu) |
| KR (1) | KR19990081891A (hu) |
| AT (1) | ATE373640T1 (hu) |
| AU (1) | AU716570B2 (hu) |
| CA (1) | CA2242595A1 (hu) |
| CZ (1) | CZ225198A3 (hu) |
| DE (1) | DE69738154T2 (hu) |
| HU (1) | HUP9900798A3 (hu) |
| MX (1) | MX9805870A (hu) |
| SK (1) | SK98098A3 (hu) |
| WO (1) | WO1997027176A1 (hu) |
Families Citing this family (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6486177B2 (en) | 1995-12-04 | 2002-11-26 | Celgene Corporation | Methods for treatment of cognitive and menopausal disorders with D-threo methylphenidate |
| KR100453707B1 (ko) * | 1996-02-02 | 2005-01-25 | 메디바 유럽 리미티드 | 디-트레오-(알,알)-메틸페니데이트의제조방법및에피머화에의한불필요한거울상이성질체의재순환방법 |
| US6100401A (en) * | 1998-04-20 | 2000-08-08 | Novartris Ag | Process for preparing the d-threo isomer of methylphenidate hydrochloride |
| US6162919A (en) * | 1998-12-03 | 2000-12-19 | Novartis Ag | Process for preparing the d-threo isomer of methylphenidate hydrochloride |
| US6025502A (en) * | 1999-03-19 | 2000-02-15 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Enantopselective synthesis of methyl phenidate |
| GB9913458D0 (en) * | 1999-06-09 | 1999-08-11 | Medeva Europ Ltd | The therapeutic use of d-threo-methylphenidate |
| ES2210025T3 (es) | 1999-12-17 | 2004-07-01 | Celltech Pharma Europe Limited | Agente farmaceutico para el tratamiento de estados convulsivos. |
| AU2002353803A1 (en) * | 2001-10-12 | 2003-04-22 | Sention, Inc. | Direct resolution of racemic threo-methylphenidate hydrochloride |
| FR2853650B1 (fr) * | 2003-04-10 | 2006-07-07 | Merck Sante Sas | Procede de dedoublement d'amines utiles pour le traitement de desordres associes au syndrome d'insulino-resistance |
| US7229557B2 (en) | 2004-02-04 | 2007-06-12 | Konec, Inc. | Method to separate stereoisomers |
| US7897777B2 (en) * | 2007-01-05 | 2011-03-01 | Archimica, Inc. | Process of enantiomeric resolution of D,L-(±)-threo-methylphenidate |
| US8552030B2 (en) | 2009-05-07 | 2013-10-08 | Malladi Drugs & Pharmaceuticals Ltd. | Process for the preparation of d-threo-ritalinic acid hydrochloride by resolution of dl-threo-ritalinic acid using chiral carboxylic acid |
| US10292937B2 (en) | 2011-03-23 | 2019-05-21 | Ironshore Pharmaceuticals & Development, Inc. | Methods of treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |
| US9603809B2 (en) | 2011-03-23 | 2017-03-28 | Ironshore Pharmaceuticals & Development, Inc. | Methods of treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |
| US10905652B2 (en) | 2011-03-23 | 2021-02-02 | Ironshore Pharmaceuticals & Development, Inc. | Compositions for treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |
| US9119809B2 (en) | 2011-03-23 | 2015-09-01 | Ironshore Pharmaceuticals & Development, Inc. | Compositions for treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |
| US8927010B2 (en) | 2011-03-23 | 2015-01-06 | Ironshore Pharmaceuticals & Development, Inc. | Compositions for treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |
| US8916588B2 (en) | 2011-03-23 | 2014-12-23 | Ironshore Pharmaceuticals & Development, Inc. | Methods for treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |
| US11241391B2 (en) | 2011-03-23 | 2022-02-08 | Ironshore Pharmaceuticals & Development, Inc. | Compositions for treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |
| US9498447B2 (en) | 2011-03-23 | 2016-11-22 | Ironshore Pharmaceuticals & Development, Inc. | Compositions for treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |
| US9283214B2 (en) | 2011-03-23 | 2016-03-15 | Ironshore Pharmaceuticals & Development, Inc. | Compositions for treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |
| DK2688557T3 (da) | 2011-03-23 | 2017-11-27 | Ironshore Pharmaceuticals & Dev Inc | Fremgangsmåder og sammensætninger til behandling af forstyrelse af opmærksomhed |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2957880A (en) * | 1953-12-23 | 1960-10-25 | Ciba Pharm Prod Inc | Process for the conversion of stereoisomers |
| JPH07247286A (ja) * | 1994-01-18 | 1995-09-26 | Sankyo Co Ltd | 含窒素環状化合物の光学分割方法 |
| CA2189000C (en) * | 1994-05-16 | 2002-08-13 | Mitsuo Nakamura | Process and diastereomeric salts useful for the optical resolution of racemic .alpha.-[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl]-4-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)-1-piperidinebutanol and derivative compounds |
-
1997
- 1997-01-20 MX MX9805870A patent/MX9805870A/es active IP Right Grant
- 1997-01-22 CZ CZ982251A patent/CZ225198A3/cs unknown
- 1997-01-22 WO PCT/GB1997/000185 patent/WO1997027176A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-01-22 SK SK980-98A patent/SK98098A3/sk unknown
- 1997-01-22 DE DE69738154T patent/DE69738154T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-01-22 JP JP52664997A patent/JP4163748B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-01-22 EP EP97901158A patent/EP0883608B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-01-22 CA CA002242595A patent/CA2242595A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-01-22 AT AT97901158T patent/ATE373640T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-01-22 HU HU9900798A patent/HUP9900798A3/hu not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-01-22 AU AU14503/97A patent/AU716570B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-01-22 KR KR1019980705603A patent/KR19990081891A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1997027176A1 (en) | 1997-07-31 |
| KR19990081891A (ko) | 1999-11-15 |
| EP0883608A1 (en) | 1998-12-16 |
| MX9805870A (hu) | 1999-01-31 |
| JP4163748B2 (ja) | 2008-10-08 |
| DE69738154D1 (de) | 2007-10-31 |
| CZ225198A3 (cs) | 1998-12-16 |
| AU716570B2 (en) | 2000-03-02 |
| JP2000517288A (ja) | 2000-12-26 |
| HUP9900798A3 (en) | 1999-11-29 |
| EP0883608B1 (en) | 2007-09-19 |
| DE69738154T2 (de) | 2008-06-12 |
| ATE373640T1 (de) | 2007-10-15 |
| CA2242595A1 (en) | 1997-07-31 |
| HUP9900798A2 (hu) | 1999-07-28 |
| AU1450397A (en) | 1997-08-20 |
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