RU2727228C2 - Small armored assault vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport machine building.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to special armored vehicles. Small assault armored vehicle comprises armored capsule of crew and passengers, power plant, transmission and chassis, made with wheel arrangement 4×4. Armored capsule is equipped with front and rear brackets, to which chassis, transmission and power plant are installed, which is located in rear part of machine. Armor capsule has multi-layer armoring with a higher anti-mine resistance bottom, contains loopholes and windows with armored glass, modular tower systems of police equipment and weapons with direct and remote control, at least two armored doors and armored upper hatch, as well as armored sections of special forces of security forces.EFFECT: higher armor protection of location of special forces group of safety forces and high protection of power plant.10 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to special armored vehicles for use in police and anti-terrorist operations, patrolling, escorting and guarding transport convoys and other purposes.

Known armored vehicle (RU patent for PM No. 162583, F41H 7/04, B60P 3/03).

The known utility model relates to armored vehicles, in particular to cash-in-transit vehicles. The armored car contains a cab and a body mounted on a chassis, while the body is an armored capsule.

It is preferred that the armored capsule is a volumetric differentiated armored capsule (ODB capsule).

It is desirable that the cabin is armored.

The disadvantages of the known technical solution include the large area and dimensions of the potential armoring of the cab and the body (from the damaging effects of firearms), which are mandatory in the standard dimensions and body shape of a particular civil vehicle model, which reduces the survivability of the vehicle. In this case, it is necessary to point out the resulting large mass of this type of booking due to the relatively large dimensions of the body of a standard vehicle, which imposes restrictions on the thickness and, accordingly, the weight of the armor, reduces the permissible payload mass, degrades the speed, dynamic and fuel-economic characteristics of the vehicle with the installed armor (respectively - power reserve).

With this approach, the booking can be rather weak, no higher than 2-3 class according to the current standards, which is not enough for the use of this armored vehicle in counter-terrorism operations.

Known armored car (patent RU No. 137888, F41H 7/04, 02/27/2014), containing a chassis with an armored body, including armor protection of the engine compartment, a gas tank fixed to the body, while loopholes are made in the body, as well as an armored emergency a ventilation hatch with an evacuation function, characterized in that the armored body is load-bearing, the undercarriage is made with a three-axle design with a 6x6 wheel arrangement, a balance suspension is used on the rear axles, the armored body is made of rolled sheets of homogeneous armor steel and consists of an engine compartment with an armored hood and the habitable compartment, functionally divided into front and rear parts, two side and two rear aft doors are made in the hull, on the roof of the habitable compartment there are two hatches for the driver and the senior vehicle and at least two hatches for the landing in the cabin car, the engine compartment is made armored, in the side surface of the body are made, p about at least two loopholes, at least one fuel tank is attached to the armored hull, an air duct with at least one air intake is located on the roof of the hull, an autonomous diesel air heater connected to an additional fuel tank is located in the cabin.

The armored vehicle is intended for escorting and guarding transport convoys, patrolling, power support for special operations, conducting reconnaissance activities, providing protection for the crew and troops in the amount of 10 people.

The disadvantage of the known technical solution is the strong vulnerability of the power plant due to its location in the front of the vehicle, which, even with an armored hood, significantly increases the likelihood of damage to the vehicle from small arms in combat, as well as in the presence of mine-explosive obstacles on the ground. The power plant and the main units located in the front of the hull in the armored hood are quite vulnerable, since the level of their booking is significantly lower than the locations of the crew of the armored vehicle and units can easily be damaged by the explosion of an anti-personnel fragmentation mine. Or struck from large-caliber small arms (even at long range), which are armed with modern enemy units and battle groups. An armored car with a damaged power plant will no longer be able to continue moving, and a stationary vehicle, crew and troops, immediately become an easy target for enemy snipers and grenade launchers.

Another important drawback is the massive body of the armored car, made of rolled sheets of homogeneous armor steel, consisting of an engine compartment with an armored hood and a habitable compartment, functionally divided into front and rear, which is made entirely armored. Due to the significant dimensions and weight of the hull armor, additional armor of the engine compartment with the hood, the weight increases significantly and the production cost of the armored car rises, due to the large mass and size of the armored car, a three-axle chassis was even required. All this makes this armored car low-maneuverable even with a powerful power plant (like the existing armored cars currently in service with the security forces), and significantly affects the survivability of the armored car on the battlefield and on its tactical and technical characteristics and fuel efficiency. Accordingly, its fire and operational capabilities for escorting and protecting transport convoys, patrolling or performing other functions that can be provided only with the standard weapons of 10 landing people, including the crew, are significantly limited. In addition, this vehicle layout complicates the ability to quickly replace individual units and assemblies of the armored vehicle in the field, and also significantly limits the potential for its further modernization. The well-known armored vehicle can actually only perform the functions of a low-maneuverable armored transport vehicle and is not sufficiently suitable for active support with weapons and special equipment for various operations.

Closest to the claimed invention (prototype) is a light assault vehicle (patent RU No. 2484413, F41H 7/00 06/10/2013), which contains a two-axle chassis with a supporting frame on which the engine, chassis and body are fixed. The chassis contains independent suspension of all wheels. The body contains at least two side doors and one rear door. In the open part of the body, a safety cage is installed with the possibility of installing a rotary support ring for weapons. The track widths of the front and rear wheels range from 1704 to 1820 mm. The car has increased cross-country ability, simple design and high maintainability. The invention relates to special transport vehicles intended for use in case of emergencies, in particular, when it is necessary to patrol territories, ensure security when escorting convoys, and also transport personnel of army units, as well as security forces.

The known invention provides a list of additional weapons to be installed: taking into account the total weight of the combat group and equipment, it is allowed to install on the vehicle: 7.62 mm machine gun, 12.7 mm Kord machine gun or Kornet ATGM or 30 mm AGS-30 grenade launcher or other light weapons. Carrying capacity of the car does not exceed 1000 kg, and it is mainly intended for the transport of personnel of up to 8 people, including the driver.

The main disadvantage of the closest to the claimed invention (prototype) is that the interior of the above vehicle, where the crew and personnel are accommodated, does not have armor protection, probably only in the expectation that the crew will be the first to use the available weapons. But such a scenario is unlikely in the event of a sudden attack by militants or an ambush attack, as well as during special operations in populated areas and in densely built-up conditions, where from any corner or window opening, sudden fire can be opened, in such cases, as a rule , there are large losses of personnel of the unit.

Another significant drawback of the closest to the claimed invention (prototype) is that the engine of the above vehicle also does not have any reservation, while it is located in front, and therefore, even shelling it from a conventional hunting rifle. What can lead to the loss of the car's ability to move is its main purpose and, accordingly, significantly interfere with patrolling the territories and performing other functions. In this connection, this vehicle is virtually impossible to use as an "assault" vehicle or for other special tasks.

The objective of the invention is to create a small assault armored vehicle, highly maneuverable and all-wheel drive, containing mass-produced units and assemblies of domestic production, ensuring high efficiency of police and anti-terrorist operations in settlements and on rough terrain and having an increased degree of survivability, due to giving the vehicle a low silhouette , equipping with an armored capsule that protects the crew and passengers from mines and fire of large-caliber small arms, which has multifunctional special police equipment and weapons, reinforced armor protection for the places of deployment of the special group of security forces, for using the machine as an assault vehicle, and also having reliable protection power plant and main units against small arms damage.

The task is solved due to the fact that a universal design of a small assault armored vehicle has been developed, containing an armor capsule for the crew and passengers, a power plant, a transmission and a chassis, made in a biaxial version with a wheel arrangement of 4 × 4, and the armor capsule is equipped with front and rear brackets, to which are attached: the chassis, transmission and power plant located in the rear of the vehicle, while the armor capsule has multilayer armor with a bottom of increased mine resistance, contains loopholes and windows with bulletproof glass, modular tower systems of police equipment and weapons with direct and remote control, at least two armored doors and an armored top hatch, as well as armored sections of the special group of security forces.

The invention is illustrated in the attached diagrams. The appearance of a small assault armored vehicle is formed by the design features of the armor capsule with the front and rear brackets available on it, designed for direct attachment of the main units and assemblies, the chassis, in a biaxial design with a 4 × 4 wheel arrangement, a power plant located in the rear vehicles, transmissions, as well as modular-tower weapon systems and police equipment with direct and remote control, armored sections of the special group of the security forces and other equipment.

The invention is illustrated in FIG. 1 and 2.

FIG. 1 shows the layout of a small assault armored vehicle (top view), in the form of a layout diagram of the main elements that make up it, and FIG. 2 shows a side view of the machine, in the form of a layout of other elements of the machine. The design of a small assault armored vehicle includes:

1 - compact armor capsule for the crew and passengers; 2 - undercarriage with front and rear axles, suspension elements and wheels 14, 3 - right armored door, 4 - upper hatch, 5 - left armored door, 10 - power plant and transmission, 12 - front arm of the armor capsule, 13 - rear arm of the armor capsule, figure 2 - side view, where 5 - left armored door, 6 - modular-tower weapons systems with direct and remote control, 7 - modular-tower systems of police equipment with direct and remote control, 8 - armored sections of the special group of security forces, 9 - windows with armored glass and armored shields, 11 - loophole with viewing armored glass and armored cover.

As part of the chassis 2 there are: a front axle with front suspension elements, a rear axle with rear suspension elements, wheels and other units and assemblies, which, together with the transmission and power plant 10, its units and assemblies, are designed to ensure the mobility of a small assault armored vehicle , while the undercarriage is fixed on the front 12 and rear 13 brackets of the armor capsule 1 and is made in a biaxial design, with a wheel arrangement of 4 × 4.

The brackets 12 and 13 are rigidly fixed on the armor capsule 1, have a U-shape and form, together with the armor capsule, a single supporting system of the block-frame structure.

These unique design features provide the car with a relatively low chassis weight, high ground clearance, significant payload indicators, with a low center of gravity of the machine, high speed and dynamic characteristics. High payload rates of the vehicle are implemented in the form of enhanced armor protection for the armor capsule 1, the placement of the necessary modular-tower weapon systems 6 and police equipment 7, as well as armored sections of the special group of security forces 8 and other equipment. This significantly increases the security of the crew, passengers and special groups, and, accordingly, the degree of survivability of the vehicle and its operational capabilities, ensuring high efficiency of the security forces during police and anti-terrorist operations and patrolling, in settlements and on rough terrain.

A significant reduction in the center of gravity of the vehicle, due to the use of new design solutions, made it possible to provide the vehicle with a low silhouette, which is no less important for such armored vehicles. This qualitatively distinguishes this vehicle from conventional armored vehicles built according to classical layout schemes: on a frame or with a solid-bearing body, where it is practically impossible or very difficult and expensive (without significant losses in the height of the ground clearance) to provide a significant reduction in the height of the vehicle body and, accordingly lowering the center of gravity. The high center of gravity of the armored car significantly affects its stability during maneuvers and cornering, impairing the actual speed and maneuverability of the armored car. According to statistics, about 15% of all road traffic accidents in Russia are vehicle rollovers due to loss of vehicle stability. The higher the location of the center of gravity of the armored car, the lower the permissible speed, according to the rollover criteria, when maneuvering and cornering.

Compact-armored capsule 1 is designed to protect the crew and passengers of a small assault armored vehicle and place the following units: control unit for search and detection means, control unit for modular-tower weapons systems and police equipment, control unit for vehicle and other equipment (not shown in the drawings) shown).

Armored capsule 1 has at least two armored doors 3 and 5 and an armored upper hatch 4, designed to provide entry and exit, in addition, the upper hatch is intended for the convenience of using various weapons and hand-held special police equipment, and is also used as an emergency exit when overcoming water obstacles by the car.

The use of multilayer armor of the armor capsule protects the crew and passengers of the vehicle from mines, grenades and the impact of bullets from large-caliber machine guns, caliber 12.7 mm, with circular fire.

Currently, mine protection of the crew and passengers is especially important. The armor capsule of the vehicle contains a bottom with increased mine resistance, without blind niches, for optimal flow around the structure by a blast wave, when the vehicle is blown up by a mine or other explosive device, which protects the armor capsule from destruction, providing effective protection for the crew and passengers of the vehicle, while the bottom can be V-shaped. The armor capsule can have energy-absorbing seats (not shown in the drawings), which significantly increase the security of the crew and passengers, protect against injuries, in case of instantaneous vertical overloads of the explosive effect that occur when a mine or other explosive device is detonated.

The armor capsule of the crew and passengers can be equipped with heating systems, supply and exhaust ventilation, air conditioning and a filtering unit (not shown in the drawings), which creates excessive pressure inside the armor capsule to prevent the ingress of dangerous gases or dust from the contaminated surface.

In the aft (rear) part of the vehicle, behind the armor capsule of the crew and passengers, there are 8 armor sections for a small special group of security forces. The armor sections are fixed on the armor capsule 1 and its rear brackets 13 and can be quickly mounted. In fact, here, the armor capsule of the crew and passengers plays the role of the main frontal armor protection for the special group and the task of additional armored sections is to provide protection for the special group personnel only from other sides, which significantly reduces the weight indicators of the overall booking of the vehicle.

The armored capsule with the brackets available on it ensures the placement of a sufficient number of multifunctional police special equipment 7 and weapons 6, as well as other various equipment and equipment, on the vehicle body. For example, it is possible to place non-lethal police acoustic devices (such as "Whispers") to stop aggressive actions of the crowd, and for similar purposes the machine may also contain smoke and gas generators. And to support the actions of special units and when performing anti-terrorist functions, the vehicle can be equipped with large-caliber machine guns and machine guns of 7.62 mm caliber, a small-caliber cannon, as well as automatic grenade launchers, including smoke.

For independent overcoming of water obstacles and rescue operations, the machine can be equipped with a set of additional equipment, which is installed immediately before moving on the water. The set of additional equipment consists of sets of special equipment, mounted on wheels for movement on water, as well as side, front and rear elements of pontoons, assembled into a transport compact block, towed behind the machine to the place of crossing. The elements of the pontoons (not shown in the drawings) are collapsible blocks and are attached to the armor capsule 1 and its front and rear brackets 12 and 13 using special devices.

The vehicle can have an armored capsule, including zones separated from each other by an armored partition with an armored door, for separate accommodation of passengers and a minimum crew of two people: a driver and an older vehicle, performing the functions of a special equipment and weapons manager, or have two armored capsules crew and passengers connected to each other in a load-bearing body. The specified design of the vehicle with enhanced armor practically excludes the complete incapacitation of the entire crew and passengers of the vehicle, even when a relatively powerful explosive charge is detonated or a hand grenade launcher projectile hits one of the vehicle's armor capsules.

Armored capsules of the crew and passengers may contain windows - 9, search and detection devices and external surveillance devices (not shown in the drawings), which are protected by armored glass and armored shields.

Surveillance devices, windows of crew and passenger armor capsules, as well as search and detection tools used for long-range search and detection, can be located along the perimeter of the armor capsules to provide a circular sector of view, search and detection.

Firing from small arms and the use of hand-held special police equipment, mainly for self-defense purposes, is carried out by the crew and passengers through loopholes located along the perimeter of the vehicle's armor capsules, closed from the inside by armor covers and having viewing bulletproof glasses.

The power plant 10 is located at the rear of the car behind the armor capsules of the crew and passengers, it can be, for example, a modern diesel or gasoline engine with improved dynamic and fuel-economic characteristics and a power of at least 100 hp, which provides the car with the required speed , maneuverability and cross-country ability.

The placement of the power plant in the rear of the vehicle, behind the armor capsules of the crew and passengers, is an important design feature of a small assault armored vehicle. The unique arrangement of the armor capsules of the crew and passengers in this configuration provides a significant increase in the protection of the power plant, transmission and other units, assemblies and elements of the rear suspension located outside the armor capsules, providing reliable ballistic protection in the face of active frontal fire of militants from various types small arms and mine detonation. Thanks to this, there was no longer the need to have a carrying heavy armored hull with solid armor on the vehicle. And the mass of individual elements of additional armor protection of the power plant, units, assemblies and parts of the front and rear suspensions, rear drive and wheel tires, contributing to the increased survivability of the vehicle, may be insignificant and not affect the speed and dynamic capabilities of the vehicle.

The features of the unique design and layout of the armored vehicle also provide it with a high degree of "stealth", due to the small dimensions of the vehicle (comparable to a middle-class passenger car), low silhouette (height up to 2.0 m) and minimal frontal and side projections, according to the principle - what the smaller the target, the more difficult it is to hit it.

The constructive placement of the power plant and main units behind the armor capsules of the crew and passengers provides another useful quality for the vehicle, in the form of frontal stealth for enemy infrared radiation sensors that react to the heat generated by the heated power plant and units, because the main part of the above radiation is extinguished (overlapped) by the body of the armor capsule.

The machine can have independent front and rear wheel suspension.

The vehicle can have a steerable rear axle, which significantly reduces the possibility of loss of vehicle control in case of damage to the front wheels, providing high maneuverability and accelerated movement of the vehicle from the affected area in reverse, because during anti-terrorist operations, the probability of damage to the front wheels is quite high.

The car can be provided with a system for supporting and adjusting the tire pressure, which provides control, maintenance and change of pressure in the tires of the wheels 14, from the driver's seat, both in the parking lot and on the move, depending on the nature of the road surface and speed. For example, to increase the cross-country ability of the machine on soft soils, that is, to reduce the specific pressure on the ground, the pressure in the tires of the wheels decreases. In addition, even in the event of several bullet hits on the tire of the wheel, the pressure control system allows the car to continue moving without resorting to an immediate wheel change, since air leakage from the tire is compensated for.

The above vehicle layout diagram differs significantly from existing classic armored vehicles, where the power plant is located in front. The front location of the engine, even with an armored hood, significantly increases the likelihood of damage to the power plant by small arms or mine-explosive obstacles (detonation, as a rule, occurs under the front wheels) and these are the most common reasons for the failure of even large armored vehicles with a classic front engine ... An armored car with a damaged power plant immediately loses mobility on the ground and quickly becomes an easy target for snipers and militant grenade launchers, who actively use hand grenade launchers with an increased firing range. For example, even a single RPG projectile hitting the body or the troop compartment of a conventional armored car, in the overwhelming majority of cases, leads to irreversible losses of the entire personnel of the unit that was there.

The peculiarities of the development of the last internal and local conflicts, contributed to a change in priorities, to a qualitative departure from the large capacity of armored vehicles towards their security and compactness.

The use of a small assault armored vehicle is supposed to be based on new tactical principles, through the operational concentration of a group of small assault armored vehicles in the area of a local operation with the massive use of their special and fire weapons, for a high degree of guaranteed suppression of illegal actions of terrorist groups.

At the same time, the crew actively uses observation devices and standard search and detection tools to ensure the effective use of installed weapons and police special equipment.

The above equipment is intended for the direct implementation of operational measures, with maximum crew safety, under the cover of armor, with minimization of personnel actions in open areas and in high-risk areas.

At the same time, a significant increase in the number of small assault armored vehicles participating in special operations is envisaged in order to carry out the maximum amount of necessary actions by the crew or a small special group from the reserved space.

The predominant field of application of a small assault armored vehicle is use in police and anti-terrorist operations, in densely built-up conditions and in urban areas with difficult use or expected large losses among heavy armored vehicles.

In addition, a small assault armored vehicle can be used for the following purposes:

- patrolling vast territories and guarded objects located on them in rough terrain and off-road conditions;

- ensuring the fulfillment of the tasks of escorting and protecting transport convoys, both separately and as part of a group of vehicles;

- directly as an assault vehicle, with small special groups, for example, with the aim of carrying out an operation to free hostages, to seize various objects in the rear of the militants and hold them, until the moment the main forces of special units approach;

- effective support of special operations, by promptly detecting and suppressing firing points of militants, snipers and grenade launchers on rough terrain, in the mountains and in settlements, during the "cleansing" of territories occupied by militants or terrorists, building complexes and various infrastructure facilities.

The unique design features of the machine significantly increase its operational capabilities. In particular: short wheelbase, low silhouette, all-wheel drive with controlled rear axle, wide track of front and rear axles, high ground clearance and low center of gravity, provide the car with high cross-country ability, speed and maneuverability on off-road. This reduces the likelihood of hitting the vehicle from hand grenade launchers, because shooting at small-format, maneuverable and high-speed targets is much more difficult.

The machine uses mass-produced units, assemblies and a power plant of domestic production, which are unified with units and assemblies on equipment already in use in power structures. This provides the base machine with a low cost of production and operation, comparable to that of a modern civilian SUV, high reliability and serviceability in the field. In addition, the above design features and the layout of the machine provide a high potential for its further modernization.

The design of the machine is developed taking into account the possibility of operation on roads of all types, including in cities, in accordance with the Traffic Regulations, standards and norms for safety and ecology for vehicles.

The invention provides an increase in the integrated effectiveness of police and anti-terrorist operations and patrolling, in settlements and on rough terrain, when using a small assault armored vehicle, multifunctional, with high speed and dynamic characteristics, with a low silhouette and armor capsules for the crew and passengers with a raised bottom mine resistance and multi-layer reinforced armor that protects against the fire of large-caliber small arms with four-wheel drive, mass-produced units and assemblies, police equipment and weapons with direct and remote control, improved armor protection for the locations of the special group of security forces and high protection of the power plant, due to their compact placement behind the armor capsules of the crew and passengers.

Claims (10)

1. A small assault armored vehicle containing an armored capsule for the crew and passengers, a power plant, a transmission and a chassis, made in a biaxial design with a 4 × 4 wheel arrangement, and the armored capsule is equipped with front and rear brackets to which the chassis, transmission and power plant are attached , located in the rear of the vehicle, while the armored capsule has multilayer armor with a bottom of increased mine resistance, contains loopholes and windows with armored glass, modular tower systems of police equipment and weapons with direct and remote control, at least two armored doors and an armored upper hatch , as well as armored sections of the special group of the security forces. 2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the front and rear brackets are rigidly connected to the armored capsule and have a U-shape, and the bottom of the armored capsule is V-shaped. 3. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the armored capsule is equipped with energy-absorbing chairs, heating systems, supply and exhaust ventilation, air conditioning and a filter ventilation unit. 4. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains non-lethal police acoustic impact devices of the "Whisper" type, as well as one or more smoke and gas generators and lethal weapons, which are one or more large-caliber machine guns and machine guns of 7.62 mm caliber, a small-caliber cannon and one or more automatic grenade launchers, including smoke ones. 5. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made floating with a set of additional equipment and is capable of independently overcoming water obstacles. 6. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that it has an armored capsule, which includes zones separated from each other by an armored partition with an armored door, for separate accommodation of crew members and passengers. 7. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains two armored capsules for the crew and passengers, connected to each other in a supporting body. 8. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the armored capsules of the crew and passengers are equipped with means of search and detection and external surveillance devices, while the means of search and detection, observation devices, windows of the armored capsules of the crew and passengers are protected by armored glass and armored shields, and are located along the perimeter armored capsules, to provide a circular sector of view, search and detection, and for firing along the perimeter of the armored capsules of the crew and passengers, loopholes are made, which are closed from the inside with armored covers and have viewing armored glasses. 9. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that a diesel or gasoline engine with a capacity of at least 100 hp is used as a power plant. 10. The machine according to claim. 1, characterized in that it has an independent suspension of the front and rear wheels, a controlled rear axle, and the machine is equipped with a system for maintaining and adjusting the air pressure in the tires of the wheels.

Images