RU2697003C1 - Mobile complex of ground search and rescue team - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to transport for searching for aircrafts in distress and rescue of their crews and passengers. Mobile complex of ground search and rescue team includes van body arranged on vehicle of high cross-country capacity, divided into passenger and technical compartments, equipped with a heating and ventilation system, racks and equipped with communication facilities, fire extinguishing means, rescue operations, initial medical assistance and evacuation of victims, as well as life support facilities of the members of the GSRT. Search and navigation apparatus used is a portable broadband radio direction finder with a satellite navigation system, antenna (15) of which is placed on the roof, and a set of skis (14) for rescuers.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of the complex.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of engineering, in particular, to the field of creating special search and emergency - rescue vehicles used in aviation for search and rescue of crews and passengers of aircraft in distress.

At present, both in aviation and in other fields of activity, various vehicles, as a rule, of increased cross-country ability, are used to transport emergency rescue or ground search and rescue teams (NPSCs), their equipment and property to the place of emergency rescue operations. The most widely used for these purposes are specialized tools.

Thus, [1] is known emergency - rescue machine comprising a vehicle on the basis of car with front engine, cab and metal body-van comprising a passenger and technical compartments with side sliding and rear clamshell doors and special rescue equipment . The structure of emergency - rescue equipment of the tool includes devices of radiation and chemical reconnaissance, search for devices affected, the means of evacuation of victims, a set of hydraulic, pneumatic and mechanical tools, the means of rendering medical aid to the victims, fire-fighting equipment, autonomous power supply, lighting equipment, personal protective equipment , communications, light and sound alarm, auxiliary equipment. The body of the van is equipped with a front guard with a self-extracting winch, a flashing light and a speaker unit for a speakerphone, a retractable ladder, a roof rack for placing bulky equipment, a ladder for climbing onto the roof, a mobile radio antenna, spotlights, side hatches for access to the technical compartment as well as rear towing device.

Despite the fairly good equipment of this emergency rescue vehicle, it cannot be used by aviation ground search and rescue teams, primarily because of the lack of navigation aids, and also because of the lack of life support equipment for the members of the ground search and rescue equipment rescue team. In addition, this machine does not have increased cross-country ability, which is a significant drawback for the means of transportation of the NPSK.

From the materials [2], a mobile emergency recovery complex based on a van-type vehicle (in particular, Fiat Ducato or Mercedes-Benz Sprinter) is known. The car body is divided by a partition into two compartments - passenger and cargo. The passenger compartment is equipped with seats for rescuers, and the cargo compartment has a niche and a stand designed to accommodate trench tools and rescue equipment.

Based on the design features, this emergency recovery complex could be used in aviation to transport members of the NSC to the disaster site of aircraft, but due to the limited number of seats for rescuers, a small list of emergency and rescue equipment, lack of search and navigation facilities, and low it will not be effective in solving the problems of searching for aircraft in distress and assisting their crew members and passengers, especially when positioning disaster area at a great distance from the place of deployment of rescue units, therefore, not suitable for equipping the NPCS.

According to [3], an emergency rescue vehicle is known for eliminating the consequences of various emergencies. This car is created on the basis of a cross-country vehicle (according to the scheme - UAZ-452), which indicates its higher efficiency in comparison with the emergency recovery complex presented in [2]. At the same time, the limited cargo compartment volumes of the emergency rescue vehicle under consideration and, therefore, the limited list of emergency rescue equipment, the lack of search and navigation tools, and lifeguard life support equipment indicate significant shortcomings of this machine for its use in the interests of the NPSK.

According to [4], an emergency rescue vehicle based on a KamAZ off-road truck is known for emergency rescue operations and the delivery of equipment and personnel to the emergency response area. The body of the van of this machine is made of multi-layer sandwich panels and includes inhabited and technical compartments, the volume ratio of which is 1: 2 for the optimal distribution of body volumes in the compartments, ensuring the compactness of the equipped body, placing the maximum number of emergency and rescue equipment and creating maximum convenience maintenance of the machine and free access to equipment installed in the technical compartment. In addition, the machine is equipped with upper and lower rows of quickly opening work platforms surrounding the body on two sides, work platforms with non-slip coating on the roof of the body and cab and stairs to the work platforms. Recent structural elements testify to the rigorous fitness of this machine for emergency rescue operations in the immediate vicinity of any objects (most likely buildings). In the vast majority of cases, these structural elements of the machine will turn out to be unclaimed during search and rescue operations on aircraft and will only reduce the effectiveness of the machine (in particular, significantly limit the ability to quickly remove the necessary equipment from the cargo compartment, which is very important for an NPSK vehicle). In addition, the lack of communication, search and navigation in such a vehicle indicates the impossibility of its use in the interests of NPCS.

According to [5], an emergency rescue complex is also being created, which is also created on the basis of a KamAZ-type car, designed to transport rescue teams and equipment to the place of emergencies. The main objective of this technical solution is determined by the optimal distribution of body volumes in compartments (residential and working), ensuring the compactness of the placement of emergency and rescue equipment in it, and creating maximum convenience for work and rest of maintenance personnel. At the same time, the main emphasis in the body structure and its equipment is on creating maximum convenience for work and leisure of personnel, in connection with which the living compartment, in addition to the lifeguard seats, is equipped with sleeping places and is supplemented by a cooking area and a shower room with a dry closet and a wash basin. The main volume of the working compartment is occupied by workstations in the form of workbenches and a wardrobe from lockers with work clothes.

Obviously, such a design of the rescue complex will be quite relevant when it is used in certain emergency situations, but not suitable for accommodating various equipment and equipment of the NSC and fulfilling their duties when conducting search and rescue operations on aircraft.

From the materials [6], a mobile complex of the ground search and rescue team (MK NSCC) is known, designed to search for an injured aircraft, its crew members and passengers, deliver NSC crew members to the disaster site and carry out emergency rescue operations directly at the disaster site the aircraft. The complex includes a cross-country vehicle with a van body divided into passenger and technical compartments. The technical compartment contains communications equipment, fire fighting equipment, rescue equipment and equipment, power supply equipment, primary medical care and evacuation equipment, signaling equipment, protective clothing and other equipment of the members of the NPCS. The communication facilities of the mobile complex include satellite communications equipment, a HF radio station for communicating with control centers, a VHF radio station for communicating with search and rescue aircraft crews, and two emergency radio stations operating at an emergency frequency of 121.5 MHz. In addition, the mobile complex is equipped with a GLONASS-GPS navigation receiver, a direction-finding antenna tuned to the frequency of aircraft emergency beacons (121.5 MHz), night vision devices, binoculars and life-support equipment for lifeguards for autonomous actions for several days.

The complex presented in [6], in terms of its characteristics and equipment, almost completely complies with the requirements for equipping the NPCS with provisions [7] (Appendix 8 of this document). However, the creation and actual use of such a complex for its intended purpose revealed the presence of several shortcomings.

The most significant drawback of MK NPSK created according to the provisions of [6] is the inconsistency of its search equipment with the requirements of practice and regulatory documents.

According to [6], a direction-finding antenna tuned to an emergency frequency of 121.5 MHz is provided as the main means of radio engineering search in MK NPSK [6]. However, the provisions [8] from 2007 introduced a mandatory rule for equipping civilian aircraft with emergency beacons operating both at a frequency of 121.5 MHz and at a frequency of 406 MHz. At the same time, the emergency frequency of 406 MHz became the main one for transmitting distress signals from aircraft in distress or in distress. This means that at present, the NPSC must have search tools that can detect the signals of emergency beacons operating at frequencies of 121.5 MHz and 406 MHz. In addition, a direction-finding antenna tuned to a frequency of 121.5 MHz, stipulated by the provisions of [6] as a search tool of MK NPCS, is a stationary equipment of a vehicle and cannot be used in conducting an autonomous search by team members (and such a need may arise in practice when conducting search in impassable terrain for the car).

Another drawback of MK NPCS according to [6] is the absence of skiing for all team members in the emergency equipment of the NSC NSC. This property in accordance with the provisions of [7] (Appendix 8 of this document) is mandatory for areas with snow cover, and this is the entire territory of Russia. Although this is not a significant, but a drawback, which in practice is indicated by all the bodies of the aviation search and rescue service, checking the equipment of search and rescue units. At the same time, place at least 6 pairs of skis (a set for all team members) in MK NSCC among other emergency and rescue equipment and at the same time provide free and quick access to other means without making structural changes to the MK NPCS, created on the model [6] impossible.

The essence of the proposed technical solution lies in the creation of a mobile complex of the NSCC, according to the list of means fully adapted to the requirements of current regulatory documents and providing radio-technical search for aircraft in distress at all emergency frequencies operating in aviation (121.5 MHz and 406 MHz) when the vehicle is at location and on the move, as well as during the conduct by members of the NSCC of an autonomous search outside the vehicle, convenient transportation of the members of the NSCC, placement and transportation of the entire Foot NPSK documents for property and equipment at the possibility of rapid recovery and its intended use.

Based on this, the main objective of the invention is to determine the best option for equipping MK NSCC with the means of radio-technical search and placement of all property and equipment necessary for NSCC, including a set (at least 6 pairs) of skis for team members, in a van body with the possibility of quick and unhindered extraction of any funds without changing the location of other property.

In addition, the experience of creating MK NPSK in the variant presented in [6] showed that in practice complexes located on various types of automobile chassis may be in demand: some consumers prefer MK NPSK located on the chassis of the Ural-4320 car, and some MK NPSK located on the chassis of the KamAZ-5350, due to the advantage of the difference in the fuel used on these vehicles and its consumption. Therefore, one of the objectives of the invention was also to determine the appearance of MK NPSK in a new set of emergency equipment and equipment, if possible, both on the basis of the chassis of the Ural-4320 car and on the basis of the chassis of the KamAZ-5350 car.

The main objective of the invention is solved by determining the best option for equipping the NSCC with means of radio search and navigation, staffing with necessary equipment and placing all the property and equipment of the NSCC in the car body.

In the proposed MK NPCS, instead of a direction-finding antenna tuned to a frequency of 121.5 MHz and a receiver of the GLONASS-GPS system provided for in provisions [6], it is proposed to use the ARK-NP1 automatic broadband wearable radio direction finder (ARTIKUL-N1) with a satellite navigation system that can be placed on a car or can be transported and used by one person, give the coordinates of the location of objects (both the search object and the search engine) and direction-finding emergency radio signals yaks operating both at 121.5 MHz and at 406 MHz. The main elements of the ARK-NP1 direction finder are the ARGAMAK-2K radio receiver in a small-sized protected case, the AS-NP1 antenna system and the control and display device that are easily placed in the car body.

A set (6 pairs) of skis, which are placed and fastened with special devices in the technical compartment without impairing access to other emergency and rescue equipment, is also included in the package of emergency equipment of the NSCC.

The basis of the proposed mobile complex NPSK is a van body, located on the basis of the chassis of a truck with all terrain. The van body is divided into two compartments with a blank partition.

The front compartment (passenger) is intended for the transportation of members of the NSCC, the rear (technical) - for the placement of rescue equipment and equipment. The ARK-NP1 radio direction finder antenna is located and mounted on the roof of the van body.

In the passenger compartment there is a window (on the port side) and an entrance door with a window (on the port side). The front door is equipped with a ladder. There are 8 passenger seats equipped with seat belts in the compartment.

An intercom (with a driver’s cabin), a megaphone, a charger for batteries of radio stations and a direction finder, a metal cabinet for documentation and a radio receiver of the ARK-NP1 direction finder are fixed on the front wall of the compartment.

A stand is installed at the front wall of the compartment, the lower shelf of which is a desktop on which the ARK-NP1 radio direction finder control and display device is located, and a short-wave radio station is located on the upper shelf. On the rear wall of the compartment above the passenger seats is a shelf for essential equipment (binoculars, a night vision device, flashlights and batteries for portable radios) and ARK-NP1 accessories. The compartment is equipped with heating and ventilation.

The technical compartment is equipped with racks for the placement of property and equipment of the NPSK. In the rear side of the compartment there is a blind double door. To access the shelves on the outside, there are hatches in the sides of the compartment (three on the left side and two on the right). Doors and hatches are equipped with removable ladders, providing convenient access to the property located in the compartment.

Along the left side of the technical compartment are hydraulic tools, a typical tool kit, an inflatable boat, backpacks, folding stretchers, cans of drinking water, boxes with protective and rescue equipment, first aid equipment, gas cans for gasoline (diesel fuel), a diesel generator, first-aid kit medical, tubes with flags, shovels, crowbars, axes.

On the rack along the starboard side there are fire extinguishers, a knapsack fire extinguishing device, an antenna for a short-wave radio station, universal inflatable stretchers, pneumatic jacks, electric extensions, a gas cutter, a chainsaw, an angular detachable electric machine, a set of detachable disks, an electric drill, a tent without a stove, three-door fire-place tools, tubes with fencing pins and rod milestones.

At the front wall of the rear compartment there is a box with life support equipment and a heat generator.

Inside the technical compartment on top (closer to the ceiling), on the left and right sides on specially mounted mounts are placed skis (3 sets on each side), which are accessed through the hinged door of the tailgate.

As a means of communication, the proposed MK NPCS uses radio stations (one each) of HF and VHF bands, satellite communications equipment (1 set) and two emergency radio stations operating at an emergency frequency of 121.5 MHz.

The search and navigation tools of the mobile complex are topographic maps, an ARK-NP1 automatic wearable broadband radio direction finder with a satellite navigation system (1 set), a night vision device (1 set), a radiation reconnaissance device (1 set) and two binoculars.

The mobile complex includes 10 OU-3 fire extinguishers, a knapsack fire extinguishing installation (1 set), and protective equipment (suits, heat-resistant gloves, respirators, protective helmets with polycarbite shields) for 6 rescuers.

The means of carrying out emergency rescue operations, the provision of initial medical care and the evacuation of victims, as well as the means of providing life support for the members of the NSCC are completed in strict accordance with the requirements [7] governing the equipping of the NSCC.

All NPCS property is packed in a shipping container, completed according to the modular principle and placed in the appropriate compartment of the van body.

The mobile complex NPSK in the proposed version of the emergency equipment and equipment can be created both on the basis of the chassis of the Ural-4320 car and on the basis of the chassis of the KamAZ-5350 car. In the first case, the BM5350.1 box body is used for the Ural-4320 car, and the K5350 box body is used in the second case (for the KamAZ-5350 car). Both of these van bodies have similar technical specifications, so they are structurally identical. This ensures the same placement of equipment and equipment inside both the passenger and technical compartments.

In both versions of the creation of the MK NPSK, the car cabin is equipped with search headlights, searchlights and a means of communication with the technical compartment. Additionally, the front bumper can be equipped with a self-extracting winch.

The main technical result of the invention will be to increase the effectiveness of rescue equipment and equipment used by ground search and rescue teams to conduct search and rescue operations on aircraft, and the effectiveness of the teams themselves through the use of more advanced tools and a complete set of property. In addition, the creation and use of MK NPSK in various manufacturing options (based on the URAL-4320 car chassis and on the basis of the KamAZ-5350 car chassis) expands the arsenal of vehicles used for NPSK purposes, which will allow consumers to choose the most suitable complex for them .

The essential features characterizing the invention are:

the placement of MK NPSK in a van body of a cross-country vehicle (Ural-4320 or KamAZ-5350 - options), which is divided by a blank partition into two compartments: passenger, in which places for accommodating NPSK members are equipped, and technical, in which emergency rescue is located property and equipment;

equipping MK NPSK with an ARK-NP1 automatic wearable broadband radio direction finder with a satellite navigation system, the antenna of which is mounted on the roof of a box body;

the presence of a set (6 pairs) of skis, which are located in the technical compartment on special mounts, as part of the emergency equipment of MK NPCS;

application for the creation of MK NPSK on different chassis identical to the characteristics of the bodies of vans and their identical re-equipment.

The relationship between these features of the invention and the claimed technical result is as follows.

Firstly, the placement of MK NPSK in a cross-country vehicle van divided into passenger and technical compartments provides convenient placement and transportation of 8 team members and all emergency and rescue equipment necessary for NPSK both on paved and off-road roads , which is very important for NPSK.

Secondly, equipping MKPSK MK with the ARK-NP1 automatic wearable broadband radio direction finder with satellite navigation system enables the team to conduct a radio technical search both in the vehicle’s movement and when it is parked at all aviation emergency frequencies. In addition, it is possible to quickly dismantle the direction finder from the machine and use it by any lifeguard individually, either locally or in motion. Moreover, in all cases, ARK-NP1 provides the ability to determine and display on the monitor screen the coordinates of the location of not only the search engine, but also the search object, which allows you to determine the most optimal route for the movement of team members to the victims of the disaster. All this significantly increases the efficiency of the members of the team of radio engineering search, including on rough terrain, where the movement of the car is impossible.

The availability of a set of skis as part of the emergency equipment of the NSCC also increases the effectiveness of their actions, especially in snowy areas, which is typical of the whole territory of Russia in the winter season, and often the life of crew members depends on the timing of the rescuers' approach to the aircraft disaster site passengers.

The ability to locate MK NPSK on the basis of the chassis of various vehicles (in particular, Ural-4320 and KamAZ-5350) also increases the efficiency of the NPSK application due to the consumer choosing a car that is more suitable for the conditions of use.

The invention is illustrated by the attached figure (Fig. 1), which shows a typical placement of property and equipment NPSK in a box body.

The implementation of the invention.

The creation of a mobile complex begins with the determination of the type and type of chassis on which the box body with the property and equipment of the NPSK will be placed. To accommodate the wagon body, Ural-4320 or KamAZ-5350 off-road vehicle chassis can be used. Based on this, the type of box body is selected: for the Ural-4320 car - VM 5350.1; for the KamAZ-5350 car - K5350. The car’s cabin is equipped with searchlights, searchlights and intercoms with members of the NPSK, located in the back of a van. The car chassis on the front bumper is equipped with a self-pulling winch if necessary.

The van body (Fig. 1) with a blank partition is divided into passenger and technical compartments.

The passenger compartment along the front and rear walls is equipped with seats (1) for the members of the NPSK, a desk (2) and shelves (3), which contain communications, some equipment, including a radio receiver and auxiliary equipment ARK-NP1, and documentation . The compartment has regular lighting, heating and ventilation.

The technical compartment also has regular lighting, on the left and right sides of the hatches it is equipped with racks on which mechanical and hydraulic tools are located (4), means (5) for providing medical assistance to the victims and their evacuation, camping equipment (6) rescuers, gas and power tools (7), pneumatic jacks (8), fire extinguishing means (9) and protective equipment (10) of rescuers.

On the left side of the special hatch on a sliding shelf is a diesel electric generator (11). Inside the technical compartment on the floor near the front wall there is a heat generator (12) and a duct (13) with life support equipment for team members. Inside the left and right side of the technical compartment above the racks with emergency equipment are placed skis (14) with poles for 6 team members, which are attached to the sides with special devices.

The antenna (15) of the ARK-NP1 direction finder is mounted and fastened (with the possibility of quick dismantling) on the roof of the van body.

The mobile complex NPSK equipped in this way on the basis of the BM 5350.1 van body and the Ural-4320 car chassis or the K5350 van body and the KamAZ-5350 car chassis with team members is assigned to the duty in the aerospace search and rescue system.

Upon receipt of information about the distress of the aircraft and a signal for search and rescue operations, the team takes places in the MK NPCS and advances to the designated search area. When moving to a given area, the team includes ARK-NP1 with the help of which it conducts a radio engineering search. If during the movement of the car the victims of the disaster could not be found, then upon arrival in the specified area the team proceeds to conduct a search by foot survey of the area. If necessary, one of the team members can conduct a radio technical search using ARK-NP1, taking with him a radio receiving device, a control and display device, and an antenna dismantled from the car. At the same time, the team is able to constantly monitor their location using the ARK-NP1 satellite navigation system.

When conducting a search in snowy areas of the area or, if necessary, approaching disaster victims in the snow, members of the NSC will use skis, which will greatly facilitate and accelerate their movement.

To carry out emergency rescue operations at the scene of an aircraft disaster, to remove victims from the cockpit or cabin of the aircraft, as well as to evacuate them from the scene of the accident (usually done to the place from where the victims can be evacuated by helicopter), appropriate means will be used from the arsenal of the existing emergency rescue property.

1. RU 36316 U1, 04/04/2003

2. RU 107 506 U1, 02/04/2011

3. RU 2 252 161 C1, July 21, 2004

4. RU 2 299 819 C1, December 6, 2005

5. RU 102 330 U1, 07.26.2010)

6. RU 91291 U1, 03/16/2009

7. Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation of June 3, 2014 No. 148 “On approval of ... the list of equipment, emergency equipment and equipment for search and rescue aircraft, ground search and rescue teams and rescue parachute groups, requirements for equipping premises at the airport for crews of search and rescue aircraft, ground search and rescue teams and rescue parachute groups, techniques for performing radio and visual search for aircraft, terp boiling or disaster victims, signals used in search and rescue operations (works), the timing of the search aircraft in distress or suffering, their passengers and crew using radio resources. " - http://docs.cntd.ru/document/420203469

8. Order of the RF Ministry of Transport dated March 15, 2007 No. 29 “On equipping civilian aircraft with emergency COSPAS-SARSAT system beacons”. - http://base.garant.ru/191100/

Claims (3)

1. A mobile complex of the ground search and rescue team (NSCC), designed to search for aircraft in distress and rescue their crews and passengers, including a van body, divided into passenger and technical compartments, equipped with heating and ventilation system, shelving and equipped with communications , search and navigation, fire extinguishing means, emergency rescue operations, provision of initial medical care and evacuation of victims, as well as life support facilities for members of the NPSK, tlichayuschiysya in that it is equipped with a finder wearable broadband satellite navigation system, which antenna is located on the roof, the other elements - inside the passenger compartment and the technical compartment to the left and the starboard side closer to the ceiling fixtures are placed on 3 sets of skis. 2. The mobile complex NPSK according to claim 1, characterized in that it is located in a van-van BM 5350.1 on a Ural-4320 car chassis. 3. The mobile complex NPSK according to claim 1, characterized in that it is located in a K5350 box body on a KamAZ-5350 car chassis.

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