RU2607482C1 - Barrier for spindles of a textile machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: textile and paper.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to textile industry and concerns noise-attenuating barrier for textile machines. Barrier for spindles of a textile machine comprises a metal casing installed using brackets on a spindle bar of the machine, on the inner surface of the metal casing there is a vibration-absorbing layer, made in the form of elastic sheet vibration-absorbing material with internal loss coefficient not lower than 0.2, or composite material, or plasticate of “Agat”, “Antivibrat”, “Schwim” type. Thickness of the vibration-absorbing layer arranged on plates 2…4 times exceeds thickness of the plates. Spindles turn from a belt drive and are secured on the spindle bar of the machine by means of elastic damping gaskets from elastomer. Ratio of their total stiffness to bending stiffness of the spindle bar is within optimal range of 0.01…0.1. Metal case is located in the zone of spindles along their row and is box-shaped, and covers both rows of spindles of the machine. Plates are arranged on the casing on its inner side and on both sides, top and bottom, are coated with vibration-absorbing layers with sound-absorbing layers arranged on them. On upper and lower planes of the casing there are process holes Z₁ and Z₂. Ratio of total area of F₁ of the process holes to the total area of casing F is within optimal range of values F₁/F=0.1…0.4. Sound-absorbing element of the barrier of spindles comprises a smooth surface and a perforated surface, between which a multilayer sound-absorbing structure is arranged, made in form of rigid and perforated walls, between which two layers are arranged: sound-reflecting layer, adjacent to rigid wall, and sound-absorbing layer, adjoining perforated wall. Layer of sound reflecting material is made with complex profile, consisting of evenly distributed hollow tetrahedrons, which enable to reflect sound waves incident in all directions. Perforated wall has the following perforation parameters: hole diameter – 3÷7 mm, perforation percentage – 10÷15 %. Holes can be made as holes of circular, triangular, square, rectangular or rhomboid profile. In case of non-circular holes, it is necessary to consider as nominal diameter maximum diameter of circle inscribed in polygon. Sound-absorbing material used is mineral wool on basalt base of “Rockwool” type, or mineral wool of “URSA” type, or basalt wool of P-75 type, or glass wool lined with glass felt, or foamed polymer, for example, polyethylene or polypropylene. Surface of fibrous sound absorbers is treated with special porous air-permeable paints (for example, “Acutex T”), or coated with air-permeable fabrics or nonwoven materials, for example, “Lutrasil”.

EFFECT: invention provides higher efficiency of noise reduction.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the textile industry and relates to noise-attenuating fencing of textile machines.

Known fencing spindles textile machine according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2310024, D01H 1/16, containing mounted on the spindle bar of the machine at the level of its spindles along their row casing with vibration-absorbing layers fixed on its inner surface, and from the outside - console mounted on it along the row machine spindles with straps with a vibration-absorbing layer placed on their lower surface, and the casing is made covering both sides of the machine in the form of a rectangular box, in the upper and lower plates of which are made technologically Kie openings for heat removal (prior art).

A disadvantage of the known device is the relatively low noise reduction efficiency.

EFFECT: increased noise reduction efficiency.

This is achieved by the fact that in the guard of the spindles of the textile machine containing the machine mounted on the spindle bar, at the level of its spindles, along the row of their casing, on the inner surface of which a vibration-absorbing layer is fixed, made in the form of an elastic sheet of vibration-absorbing material with an internal loss coefficient of at least 0 , 2, or a composite material, or a plastic compound of the type “Agate”, “Anti-Vibrate”, “Shvim”, and the thickness of the vibration-absorbing layer placed on the planks is 2 ... 4 times the thickness of the planks, the spindles rotate from drive and mounted on the spindle bar of the machine by means of elastomeric damping pads made of elastomer, the ratio of their total stiffness to the bending stiffness of the spindle bar lies in the optimal range of 0.01 ... 0.1, and the metal casing is located in the area of the spindles along their row and is made box-shaped and immediately covers both rows of machine spindles, and the slats are placed on the casing from its inner side and from both sides, upper and lower, are covered with vibration-absorbing layers with sound-absorbing layers placed on them, with at the same time, technological holes Z ₁ and Z _{2 are} provided on the upper and lower planes of the casing, while the ratio of the total area F _{1 of the} technological holes to the total area of the casing F lies in the optimal range of values F ₁ / F = 0.1 ... 0.4, and sound-absorbing the spindle fencing element contains a smooth and perforated surface, between which a multilayer sound-absorbing structure is placed, made in the form of a rigid and perforated wall, between which there are two layers: a sound-reflecting layer adjacent to the rigid wall, and an absorbing layer adjacent to the perforated wall, while the layer of sound-reflecting material is made of a complex profile consisting of uniformly distributed hollow tetrahedra.

In FIG. 1 shows a guard for spindles of a textile machine, cross section; in FIG. 2 - sound-absorbing element of the fence spindles of a textile machine.

The guard of the spindles 1 and 2 of the textile machine (Fig. 1) contains a metal casing 4 mounted on brackets 3 of the machine spindle, on whose inner surface a vibration-absorbing layer 5 is fixed, made in the form of an elastic sheet of vibration-absorbing material with an internal loss coefficient of at least 0 , 2, or a composite material, or a plastic compound of the type "Agate", "Anti-Vibrate", "Shvim", and the thickness of the vibration-absorbing layer placed on the strips 9 and 10 is 2 ... 4 times the thickness of the strips. A sound-absorbing layer 6 is placed on the vibration-absorbing layer 5. Spindles 1 and 2 rotate from the belt drive 11 and are mounted on the spindle bar of the machine by means of elastomer-damping spacers 7 and 8 of the elastomer, and the ratio of their total stiffness to the bending stiffness of the spindle bar lies in the optimal range of values 0, 01 ... 0.1. The metal casing 4 is located in the area of the spindles along their row. The casing 4 is box-shaped and immediately covers both rows of machine spindles. The strips 9 and 10 are placed on the casing from its inner side and from both sides (upper and lower) are covered with vibration-absorbing layers with sound-absorbing layers placed on them. Technological holes Z ₁ and Z _{2 are} provided on the upper and lower planes of the casing, and the ratio of the total area F _{1 of the} technological holes to the total area of the casing F lies in the optimal range of values of F ₁ / F = 0.1 ... 0.4.

As sound-absorbing material 6 of the casing 4, elements are used from rockwool basalt mineral wool or URSA mineral wool or P-75 basalt wool or glass wool lined with glass wool or foamed polymer, such as polyethylene or polypropylene moreover, the sound-absorbing element over its entire surface is lined with an acoustically transparent material, for example, fiberglass type EZ-100 or polymer type "Poviden."

Sound-absorbing material 6 of the casing 4 is made on the basis of aluminum-containing alloys, followed by filling them with titanium hydride or air with a density in the range of 0.5 ... 0.9 kg / m ³ with the following strength properties: compressive strength in the range of 5 ... 10 MPa, tensile strength bending within 10 ... 20 MPa, or from a soft foamed porous sound-absorbing material, for example, foamed polyurethane foam, or polyethylene foam, or from a rigid porous sound-absorbing material, such as foam aluminum.

The sound-absorbing material 6 of the casing 4 is made in the form of crumbs of solid vibration-damping materials, for example, elastomer, polyurethane, or plastic compound of the type “Agate”, “Anti-vibration”, “Shvim”, which is placed in a shell of soundproof material, and the size of the fractions of the crumb lies in the optimal range 0.3 ... 2.5 mm (not shown in the drawing).

The sound-absorbing element (Fig. 2) of the spindle guard is made in the form of a rigid 12 and perforated 15 walls, between which two layers are located: a sound-reflecting layer 13 adjacent to the rigid wall 12, and a sound-absorbing layer 14 adjacent to the perforated wall 15. The sound-reflecting layer the material is made of a complex profile, consisting of uniformly distributed hollow tetrahedra, which allow reflecting sound waves incident in all directions, and the perforated wall has the following perforation parameters: 3 ÷ 7 mm, the perforation percentage is 10% ÷ 15%, moreover, the shape of the hole can be made in the form of holes of a round, triangular, square, rectangular or rhomboid profile, while in the case of non-circular holes, the maximum inscribed diameter should be considered as a conditional diameter into a polygon of a circle. As the sound-absorbing material of layer 14, rockwool type mineral wool or URSA type mineral wool or P-75 type basalt wool or glass wool lined with glass wool or foamed polymer, such as polyethylene or polypropylene can be used. The surface of the fibrous absorbers is treated with special porous air-permeable paints (for example, Acutex T), or coated with breathable fabrics or non-woven materials, such as Lutrasil.

As a sound-absorbing material, a porous sound-absorbing material can be used, for example, foam aluminum, or cermets, or a shell rock with a porosity degree in the range of optimal values of 30–45%, or metal foam, or a material in the form of pressed crumbs from solid vibration-damping materials, for example elastomer, polyurethane, or plastic compound such as "Agate", "Anti-Vibrate", "Shvim", moreover, the size of the fractions of the crumbs lies in the optimal range of values: 0.3 ... 2.5 mm, and poros can also be used mineral piece materials, such as pumice, vermiculite, kaolin, slag with cement or other binder, or synthetic fibers, while the surface of the fibrous absorbers is treated with special porous air-permeable paints, such as Acutex T, or coated with breathable fabrics or non-woven materials, for example Lutrasil.

The perforated wall 15 can be made of structural materials with a layer of soft vibration-damping material, for example, VD-17 mastic or “Gerlen-D” type material deposited on one or two sides of the surface, and the ratio between the thicknesses of the material and the vibration-damping coating lies in optimal range of values: 1 / (2.5 ... 3.5).

The perforated wall 15 can be made of solid decorative vibration-damping materials, for example, agate, anti-vibrate, shvim plastic compound, the inner surface of the perforated surface facing the sound-absorbing structure, lined with an acoustically transparent material, such as fiberglass type EZ-100 , or a “see-through” polymer, or non-woven materials such as Lutrasil.

The perforated wall 15 can be made of stainless steel or a galvanized sheet with a thickness of 0.7 mm with a protective and decorative polymer coating such as Pural 50 μm thick or Polyester 25 μm thick, or an aluminum sheet 1.0 mm thick and a coating thickness of 25 microns. The perforation coefficient of perforated sheets is taken to be equal to or more than 0.25.

As the material of the sound-reflecting layer 13, a material based on aluminum-containing alloys can be used, followed by filling them with titanium hydride or air with a density in the range of 0.5 ... 0.9 kg / m ³ with the following strength properties: compressive strength in the range of 5 ... 10 MPa, bending strength within 10 ... 20 MPa, for example foam aluminum.

As the material of the sound-reflecting layer 2, sound-proofing plates based on glass staple fiber of the “Shumostop” type with a material density of 60 ÷ 80 kg / m ³ can be used.

Sound-absorbing element (Fig. 2) works as follows.

Sound energy from equipment located in the room, or other object emitting intense noise, passing through the perforated wall 15, enters the layer 14 of soft sound-absorbing material, where it is absorbed, and then to the layer 13 of the sound-reflecting material of a complex profile, consisting of uniformly distributed hollow tetrahedra, allowing to reflect sound waves incident in all directions, again directing them to sound-absorbing material for secondary absorption and dissipation of sound energy. In fibrous absorbers, the dissipation of the energy of air vibrations and its transformation into heat occurs at several physical levels. Firstly, due to the viscosity of the air, and there is a lot of it in the interfiber space, the oscillation of air particles inside the absorber leads to friction. The transition of sound energy into thermal energy (dissipation, energy dissipation) occurs in the pores of a sound absorber, which are the Helmholtz resonator model, where energy losses occur due to friction of the mass of air in the resonator neck oscillating with the frequency of excitation on the neck wall, which has the form of a branched sound absorber pore network. In addition, there is air friction on the fibers, the surface of which is also large. Thirdly, the fibers rub against each other and, finally, energy dissipation occurs due to the friction of the crystals of the fibers themselves. This explains that at medium and high frequencies the sound absorption coefficient of fibrous materials is in the range of 0.4 ... 1.0.

Fence spindles textile machine works as follows.

During the operation of the machine, the sound pressure energy created by its spindles is absorbed by the sound-absorbing layer 6 of the fence, and the vibration-absorbing layer 5 damps the vibrations of a thin metal casing, which is a source of acoustic vibration. An additional noise reduction is achieved by vibration absorption of the spindles of the machine using slats with layers placed on it. A decrease in the vibro-acoustic activity of the spindle beam occurs already with a viscoelastic coating of both sides of the beam with a vibration-absorbing material 5, however, the damping effect increases with the removal of the vibration-absorbing layer from the neutral axis of the spindle beam during bending due to an increase in deformation. This effect is just realized in this design of fencing with slats that provide spatial damping, the loss coefficient of which is 0.2 compared to 0.05 with conventional damping in the frequency range from 200 to 3000 Hz. The removal of the vibration-absorbing viscoelastic layer from the neutral axis of the spindle beam during bending causes an increase in the deformation of the casing and straps, which leads to increased friction between the vibration-absorbing layer 5 and the casing and straps and helps to disperse the energy of vibration.

At the Krasnoye Ekho spinning and weaving mill, the acoustic activity of VTS-07 type spinning machine was studied. The tests were carried out in the refinery-twisting workshop of the factory after the 2nd shift on machine No. 3 at spindle speeds n = 6000 min ^-1 with and without filling the machine with Bruehl & Kjерr equipment (Denmark): microphone 4131, sound level meter 2203, octave filters 1613.

The spindles on the spindle beam of the machine are installed by means of elastic gaskets made of elastomer, and the ratio of their total stiffness to the bending stiffness of the spindle beam lies in the optimal range of 0.01 ... 0.1, and the ratio of the total area F _{1 of the} technological holes to the total area of the casing F lies in the optimal range of values of F ₁ / F = 0.1 ... 0.4.

The thickness of the vibration-absorbing layer placed on the slats is 2 ... 4 times the thickness of the slats.

Tests of the machine without refueling and with refueling revealed the influence of aerodynamic noise of a rapidly rotating thread, forming a "balloon". This effect affects the low-frequency region, starting from 31.5 to 500 Hz, while the difference in sound pressure levels in this frequency band is about 4 ... 6 dB, and in this frequency range there is no excess of standard values of sound pressure levels. Consequently, the main noise source of the VTS-07 twisting machine in the high-frequency region is the tangential belt spindle drive, the spindle support nodes, as well as the guide and supporting rollers of the tangential drive, which allow the sound pressure levels in the workshop to exceed the permissible values up to 20 dB. Therefore, to reduce the noise of the torsion machine from this source, a soundproofing fence made of steel sheet 1 mm thick was developed, treated with vibration damping material and covered with sound-absorbing material (thickness 30 mm) and (thickness 20 mm). The casing is leaky and has technological holes Z ₁ and Z ₂ to prevent overheating of the belt drive.

Claims (3)

1. The guard for the spindles of the textile machine, comprising a metal casing mounted by means of brackets on the spindle bar of the machine, on the inner surface of which a vibration-absorbing layer is fixed, made in the form of an elastic sheet of vibration-absorbing material with an internal loss coefficient of at least 0.2, or a composite material or plastic compound such as "Agate", "Anti-Vibrate", "Shvim", and the thickness of the vibration-absorbing layer placed on the slats is 2 ... 4 times the thickness of the slats, the spindles rotate from a belt drive and mounted on the spindle bar of the machine by means of elastomer-damping gaskets made of elastomer, the ratio of their total stiffness to the bending stiffness of the spindle bar lies in the optimal range of 0.01 ... 0.1, and the metal casing is located in the area of the spindles along their row, made box-shaped and covers both rows of machine spindles at once, and the strips are placed on the casing from its inner side and from both upper and lower sides, are covered with vibration-absorbing layers with sound-absorbing layers placed on them, while on the upper and izhney planes casing technological openings provided Z ₁ and Z _2, the ratio of the total area F ₁ technological openings to the total area of the casing F is in the optimal range of values F ₁ / F = 0.1 ... 0.4, characterized in that the sound absorbing member the spindle guards contain a smooth and perforated surface, between which a multilayer sound-absorbing structure is placed, made in the form of a rigid and perforated wall, between which there are two layers: a sound-reflecting layer adjacent to the rigid wall, and a sound-absorbing layer adjacent to the perforated wall, while the layer of sound-reflecting material is made of a complex profile, consisting of uniformly distributed hollow tetrahedra, which allow reflecting sound waves incident in all directions, and the perforated wall has the following perforation parameters: hole diameter 3 ÷ 7 mm, percent perforation 10 ÷ 15%, moreover, the shape of the hole can be made in the form of holes of a round, triangular, square, rectangular or diamond-shaped profile, while in the case of a non-circular For open holes, the maximum diameter of the circle inscribed in the polygon should be considered as the conditional diameter, and rockwool type mineral wool, or URSA type mineral wool, or P-75 type basalt wool, or glass wool with lining with glass wool or foamed polymer, such as polyethylene or polypropylene, while the surface of the fibrous absorbers is treated with special porous air-permeable paints (for example, "Acutex T"), or covered with breathable fabrics or non-woven materials, such as Lutrasil. 2. The guard for the spindles of the textile machine according to claim 1, characterized in that as a sound-reflecting material of the sound-absorbing element of the guard of the spindles, material based on aluminum-containing alloys is used, followed by filling them with titanium hydride or air with a density in the range of 0.5 ... 0.9 kg / m ³ with the following strength properties: compressive strength in the range of 5 ... 10 MPa, bending strength in the range of 10 ... 20 MPa, for example foamed aluminum, or soundproof boards based on glass staple fiber of the type “Shumostop” with tight the material capacity equal to 60 ÷ 80 kg / m ³ . 3. The guard for the spindles of the textile machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the perforated wall of the sound-absorbing element of the guard of the spindles is made of structural materials with a layer of soft vibration-damping material, for example, VD-17 mastic or type material, deposited on their surface from one or two sides "Gerlen-D", while the ratio between the thicknesses of the material and the vibration damping coating lies in the optimal range of values: 1 / (2.5 ... 3.5), or stainless steel, or a galvanized sheet 0.7 mm thick with a polymer shield-decorative coating of the Pural type with a thickness of 50 microns, or Polyester with a thickness of 25 microns, or an aluminum sheet with a thickness of 1.0 mm and a coating thickness of 25 microns, or from solid decorative vibration-damping materials, such as plastic compound like Agat, Anti-vibration "," Shvim. "

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