RU2556692C1 - Method of producing aviation fuel b95/130 - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention describes a method of producing petrol-based aviation fuel B-95/130, which contains components from catalytic reforming, isomerisation, alkylation with addition of an antioxidant, tetraethyllead and a dye, wherein the used base is a fraction isolated from target motor petrol AI-92 by fractionation using a periodic or continuous scheme and which boils in the range of 40-145°C.

EFFECT: obtaining aviation fuel with high stability and antiknock rating.

2 cl, 1 ex, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to oil refining and petrochemicals and can be used in the production of high-octane aviation gasolines.

For the production of aviation gasolines, components such as catalytic reforming gasoline, stabilized catalytic cracking gasoline fractions, alkylbenzene, isomerizate, isopentane, dyes, antioxidants, and ethyl liquid are widely used.

Thus, a fuel composition is known that contains: catalytic reforming gasoline fractions boiling in the NK ranges of 85 ° C, 85-140 ° C, etc., isomerizate, alkylbenzene, catalytic cracking gasoline, straight-run gasoline fraction, C ₁ -C alcohol ethers ₅ or mixtures thereof with lower alcohols C ₁ -C ₄ (RF Patent 2153523, C10L 1/4, 2000).

This fuel composition contains water-soluble alcohols and cannot be used as aviation gas since it does not meet the requirements for stability of the phase composition (exfoliates at a temperature of ~ minus 45 ° C), octane number, fractional composition, and other characteristics.

Known fuel composition containing catalytic reforming gasoline - fraction 35-150 ° C, catalytic reforming gasoline - fraction 100-190 ° C, alkylbenzene and straight-run gasoline fractions, taken respectively in the ratio:

The reforming gasoline fraction boiling in the range of 35-150 ° C - 55-80 wt.%,

The reforming gasoline fraction boiling in the range of 100-190 ° C - 5-15 wt.%,

Alkylbenzene - 10-20 wt.%.

Straight-run gasoline fraction - 5-15 wt.%

(RF patent 2009168, C10G 59/00, 1994).

To obtain a commercial product, additives are introduced into gasoline, such as tetraethyl lead, antioxidant additive, and dye.

The disadvantage of this composition is the multicomponent and high content of aromatic hydrocarbons and, as a consequence, low specific heat of combustion.

Closest to the proposed composition is the composition of aviation gasoline, containing, the base is a mixture of a fraction of reforming gasoline and / or isomerizate, boiling in the range of 40-135 ° C, and reforming gasoline fraction, boiling in the range of 80-190 ° C, taken in the ratio 50-80: 20-50, and alkylbenzene in the following ratio of components in the composition, wt.%:

Base - ≤70

Alkylbenzene - ≥30

The fuel composition may contain additives: an antioxidant additive, tetraethyl lead, dye (RF Patent 2212432, C10L 1/04, 2002).

The disadvantage of this composition is the use of non-standard reforming and isomerizate fractions (the isomerizate at domestic refineries has a boiling point of ~ 75 ° C, the applicant has 135 ° C) and deficient alkylbenzene.

The objective of the present invention is to reduce the components used and scarce products in the production of aviation gasoline.

To solve this problem, a fuel composition is proposed that contains a base representing a fraction obtained from AI-92 industrial gasoline boiling in the range of 40-145 ° C, and additives: antioxidant additives, ethyl liquid, and dye.

The difference of the proposed technical solution is to simplify the production of aviation gasoline through the use of AI-92 non-scarce motor gasolines produced at a number of fuel-grade oil refineries (Kirishinefteorgsintez, Lukoil-Ukhta, Salavatnefteorgsintez, etc.) These gasolines (produced in accordance with Euro 4) are based on reforming, isomerization and alkylation gasolines and do not contain olefin components, since they do not include catalytic and thermal cracking products.

The specified difference allows to obtain a fuel composition with high stability and detonation resistance, which allows you to effectively use this composition as aviation gasoline.

The preparation of the proposed fuel composition includes the following stages: preparation of a base by distillation of a fraction of 40-140 ° C from AI-92 gasoline, in a batch or continuous way, using a distillation column with an efficiency of at least 3 tons Then, additives are added to the obtained base, in the following sequence: antioxidant additive, tetraethyl lead, and dye. The fractions obtained after distillation, the basics can be used as components of AI-92/95 motor gasoline.

For the preparation of samples of aviation gasoline B-95/130, gasoline manufactured by KINEF was used, the characteristics of which are given in table 1.

By the described method, a sample of the base of the fuel composition and a sample of aviation gasoline B-95/130 were prepared, the compositions of which are shown in tables 2 and 3, respectively. The test results of the obtained samples of gasoline comply with the requirements for aviation gasoline B-95/130.

When releasing commercial aviation gasoline, the following additives are introduced into the fuel composition: P-2 ethyl liquid, antioxidant additive - 4-methyl-2,6-ditretic butylphenol (Agidol-1) according to TU 38.5901237-90 rev. 1,2; dye organic fat-soluble yellow-K.

Example

1400 ml of AI-92 Gasoline (properties in Table 1) are loaded into a flask equipped with a distillation column with an efficiency of 3 tons, and gasoline fractions are sequentially isolated:

1. 31 (NK) - 40, in the amount of 64.0 ml;

2. 40-145, in the amount of 1150 ml;

3. 145-198 (K.K.), in the amount of 186.0 ml.

Fractions No. 1 and No. 3 are combined and tested at the UIT-85 installation, the octane number according to the motor method is 84.5, and subsequently they can be used as an additive (up to 15% vol.) To AI-92/95 automobile gasolines.

To 1000 g of fraction No. 2 (the properties of fraction 2 are shown in table 2), the following sequence was added: antioxidant - agidol - 0.05 g, ethyl liquid based on the TPP content 1.65 g, fat-soluble yellow-K dye - 0.006 g The properties of the obtained gasoline (Table 3) correspond to the requirements for B-95/130 aviation gasoline.

Table 1 Characteristics of gasoline Characteristics of gasoline unit of measurement Standard value Value upon one 2 3 four Mass fraction of sulfur, no more mg / kg fifty 12 Volume fraction of benzene, no more interest one 0.68 Iron concentration, no more mg / dm ³ lack of lack of Manganese concentration, no more mg / dm ³ lack of lack of Lead concentration, no more mg / dm ³ lack of lack of Mass fraction of oxygen, no more interest 2.7 lack of Volume fraction of hydrocarbons, not more than: 35 24.6 aromatic interest olefin eighteen 0.12 Octane number: 92 93.1 by research method, not less by motor method, not less 83 84.6 Vapor pressure, not more than: kPa 50-100 (H) 75,2 Volume fraction of oxygenates, not more than: methanol interest lack of lack of ethanol 5 lack of isopropanol 10 lack of tertbutanol 7 lack of isobutanol 10 lack of esters containing 5 or more carbon atoms in the molecule interest fifteen lack of other oxygenates (with a boiling point not exceeding 210 degrees Celsius) 10 lack of Density at 15 ° C kg / m ³ 725-780 739 Fractional composition: distillation start temperature, ° C, not lower (h) ° C Not the norm. 31,0 distillation limits, ° C, not higher: 10% ° C 65 49 fifty% ° C 110 96 90% ° C 180 171 end of boiling, ° C, not higher ° C 215 198 The concentration of actual resins, mg per 100 cm ^{3 of} gasoline, not more than mg 5 2 Copper plate test Withstands Withstands Note: the requirements for the performance of motor gasoline are presented in accordance with the “Technical Regulation on the requirements for motor and aviation gasoline, diesel and marine fuel, jet fuel and heating oil” and GOST R 51105-97 “Fuel for internal combustion engines. Unleaded gasoline. Technical conditions. "

table 2 Characterization of the fraction of 40-145 ° C gasoline Gasoline specifications unit of measurement Value upon one 2 four Mass fraction of sulfur mg / kg 10 Volume fraction of benzene interest 0.72 Iron concentration mg / dm ³ lack of Manganese concentration mg / dm ³ lack of Lead concentration mg / dm ³ lack of Mass fraction of oxygen interest lack of Volume fraction of aromatic hydrocarbons interest 24.0 Octane number: by research method 91.9 by motor method 82.8 Vapor pressure kPa 45.0 Volume fraction of oxygenates interest lack of The concentration of actual resins per 100 cm ³ gasoline mg lack of Density at 15 ° C kg / m ³ 726 Fractional composition: distillation start temperature ° C 40 distillation limits ° C 10% ° C 59 fifty% ° C 88 90% ° C 141 end of boiling, ° C ° C 168

Table 3 Characteristics of aviation gasoline B-95/130 Gasoline specifications Standard value for B-95/130 Value upon The content of tetraethyl lead in g per 1 kg of gasoline, not more than 3,1 1.65 Knock resistance: octane number according to the motor method, not less 95 95.4 grade on a rich mixture, not less 130 130 Fractional composition: losses from acceleration,%, no more 1,5 Less than 1.0 distillation start temperature, ° C, not lower 40 41 10% distilled at a temperature, ° C, not higher 82 60 50% distilled at temperature, ° C, not higher 105 89 90% distilled at temperature, ° C, not higher 170 142 balance,%, no more 1,5 Less than 1.0 Saturated vapor pressure, kPa, not less 33.3 - no more 45.4 45.0 The temperature of crystallization onset, ° C, not higher -60 Below minus 65 Mass fraction of aromatic hydrocarbons,%, no more 35 23.9 Mass concentration of actual resins in mg per 100 cm ^{3 of} gasoline, not more than 3 Lack of Mass fraction of sulfur,%, no more 0.05 0.001 The content of solids and water Lack of Lack of Color Green Green Density at 15 ° C, kg / m ³ Definition required 727 Note: the requirements for the characteristics of gasoline are presented in accordance with the “Technical Regulation on the requirements for automobile and aviation gasoline, diesel and marine fuel, jet fuel and heating oil” and GOST 1012-72 “Aviation gasolines”.

Claims (2)

1. A method of producing aviation gasoline B-95/130 based on gasoline containing components of catalytic reforming, isomerization, alkylation with the addition of antioxidant additives, tetraethyl lead and dye, characterized in that the fraction extracted from the target gasoline AI-92 is used as a base rectification according to a periodic or continuous scheme and boiling in the range of 40-145 ° C. 2. The method of producing aviation gasoline B-95/130 according to claim 1, characterized in that additives are introduced into it that are introduced into the fuel in the following sequence: antioxidant additive, tetraethyl lead, dye.