RU2503711C1 - Aviation fuel composition - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to an aviation fuel composition with octane number of at least 91 and rich mixture grade of at least 115 which is based on motor petrol, which contains a mixture of C₆-C₈ isoparaffin hydrocarbons 15-40 wt %, a C₈ hydrogenated fraction with residual benzene content (not more than 3 wt %) of up to 10 wt %, tetraethyl lead 0.15-0.35 wt % and petrol with research octane number of at least 92 of up to 100 wt %. Disclosed aviation fuel composition based on motor petrol meets all requirements for aviation fuel according to TP TC 013/2011, mainly octane number of at least 91 and rich mixture grade of at least 15.

EFFECT: meeting requirements.

2 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to oil refining and petrochemicals, and in particular to a composition of aviation gasoline.

Aviation gasoline is used in general aviation aircraft with small piston engines, for example, in private and training aircraft, aircraft club clubs and agricultural aircraft. The basic principle of piston engines is the same as in automobile engines with spark ignition, but the performance requirements are much higher.

Known compositions of unleaded gasoline used as automobile and aviation gasolines, which include hydrocarbon fractions of saturated hydrocarbons of normal and isostructure C ₄ -C ₁₂ , and / or gasoline fractions of oil refining, 1-25% of aromatic hydrocarbons C ₆ -C ₁₂ , 1-25 % olefinic hydrocarbons With ₄ -C ₁₂ , as well as various esters obtained by methanol etherification of various fractions.

So, in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2167916, 2001, 1-25% of the mixture of Mannich base with the fraction of esters obtained in the process of esterification with methanol C ₄ -C ₆ fraction of hydrocarbons containing piperylene, isoamylenes and isobutylene, or a mixture of the base are proposed as esters Mannich and methyl tert-butyl ether with a fraction of ethers obtained by methanol etherification of isoamylene-piperylene-containing C ₅ hydrocarbon fraction.

In the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2169717, 2001, 1-25% of the esters obtained in the process of esterification with methanol of isoamylene-piperylene-containing C ₅ fraction of hydrocarbons are proposed as esters.

In the patent of the Russian Federation No. 21697918, 2001, 1-25% of the ester fraction obtained in the process of esterification with methanol of the C ₄ -C ₆ hydrocarbon fraction containing piperylene, isoamylene and isobutylene, or by mixing MTBE with the ester fraction obtained in esters, are proposed as esters. the process of esterification with methanol of isoamylene-piperylene-containing C ₅ fractions of hydrocarbons.

The disadvantage of these fuel compositions is their inadmissibility as aviation fuels due to the multicomponent composition, because more stringent requirements are imposed on aviation fuels than on automobile gasolines; they should include components of a limited number of technological processes. (Fuels, lubricants, technical fluids. Assortment and application. Handbook edited by Shkolnikov VM, M. Publishing Center “Tekhinform”, 1999, p. 39).

In addition, the disadvantage of these compositions is the presence of oxygenates in the form of esters, including methyl tert-butyl ether, which affect the hygroscopicity and anticorrosion properties. Also, when using oxygenates, an increase in mass and specific fuel consumption is observed due to the low heat of combustion of oxygenates.

The presence of unsaturated hydrocarbons is also unacceptable, as they are a source of resinous substances in gasoline.

The closest compositions of aviation gasoline are compositions of aviation fuels produced by industry before the collapse of the USSR. These are gasoline grades B-95/130 and B-91/115 according to GOST 1012-72. (Fuels, lubricants, technical fluids. Assortment and application. Handbook edited by Shkolnikov VM, M. Publishing Center “Tekhinform”, 1999, p. 42).

According to GOST 1012-72, the following main indicators were normalized for B-95/130 and B-91/115 aviation gasolines, respectively:

- The content of tetraethyl lead, g / 1 kg of gasoline, not more than 3,1 2,5 - Knock resistance: octane number according to the motor method, not less 95 91 rich mix grade, not less 130 115 - Fractional composition: Distillation start temperature, ° С, not lower 40 40 10% 82 82 fifty% 105 105 90% 145 145 97.5% 180 180 balance,%, no more 1,5 1,5 - Acidity, mg KOH / 100 cm ³ , no more 0.3 0.3 - The temperature of the onset of crystallization, ° C, not higher -60 -60 - Mass fraction of aromatic hydrocarbons,%, no more 35 35 - The content of actual resins, mg / 100 cm ³ gasoline, not more than 4.0 3.0 - Mass fraction of sulfur,%, no more 0,03 0,03 - The period of stability, h, not less 12 12

However, currently, aviation fuel according to GOST 1012-72 is not produced due to the closure and demolition of a number of plants that produced its necessary components. General aviation aircraft with small piston engines are forced to fly on gasoline, which leads to aircraft breakdowns and various emergency situations.

The objective of the invention is to obtain a fuel composition of aviation gasoline using motor gasoline, which would meet the technical regulations "On the requirements for automobile and aviation gasoline, diesel and marine fuel, jet fuel and heating oil" as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 30.12.2008 No. 1076, dated April 21, 2010 No. 268, dated September 7, 2011 No. 748, and also the Customs Union of October 18, 2011 (TP TS 013/2011).

According to the regulations approved by the Government of the Russian Federation (para. 26), aviation gasoline may contain tetraethyl lead, but the amount of tetraethyl lead is not regulated.

Aviation gasoline must meet the requirements set forth in Appendix 6, Clause 4.10 TP TC 013/2011 and have the following characteristics:

- Octane number by the motor method, not less 91 - Grade (rich mixture), not less 115 - The temperature of the onset of crystallization, ° C, not higher -60 - Content of solids and water lack of - Saturated vapor pressure, kPa 29.3-49 - Fractional composition: 10% are distilled off at a temperature, ° С, not higher 82 50% are distilled off at a temperature, ° С, not higher 105 90% are distilled off at a temperature, ° С, not higher 170 - The remainder of the acceleration,%, no more 1,5 - Loss from acceleration,%, not more than 1.5 - The content of actual resins, mg / 100 cm ³ , not more than 3 - Mass fraction of total sulfur,%, no more 0.05 - Color green

The problem is solved by the proposed composition of aviation gasoline with an octane rating of at least 91 and a rich mix grade of at least 115 based on motor gasoline, which contains,% by mass:

Mixture of isoparaffin hydrocarbons C ₆ -C ₈ 15-40 Hydrogenated fraction C6 with residual content benzene not more than 3% of the mass. to 10 Tetraethyl lead 0.15-0.35 Gasoline with an octane rating of at least 92 GPI up to 100

It should be noted that tetraethyl lead is used in the composition in a solution of C ₆ -C ₈ isoparaffin hydrocarbons, or in ethyl liquid, or in a mixture thereof, in an amount of 0.15-0.35% by weight, based on tetraethyl lead.

The composition uses the following components:

- gasoline grade AI-92 and AI-95 according to GOST R51866.

- a mixture of isoparaffin hydrocarbons With ₆ -C ₈ company OMV, Austria.

- tetraethyl lead from AFTON (USA).

In the composition, a hydrogenated C ₆ fraction with a residual benzene content of not more than 3% by mass can be used, in a specific example (sample 1), isolated as a bottoms product from a deisohexanizer of a C ₅ -C ₆ hydrocarbon isomerization unit of the Permnefteorgsintez Perm Plant.

To simplify the transportation, tetraethyl lead is proposed to be introduced into the composition in a solution of C ₆ -C ₈ isoparaffin hydrocarbons, or in ethyl liquid, or in a mixture thereof, in an amount of 0.15-0.35% by weight, based on tetraethyl lead, which will also simplify the production process aviation gasoline.

The proposed composition of aviation gasoline is prepared using standard equipment by mixing the components to obtain a homogeneous solution.

To illustrate the claimed technical solution, 3 samples of the proposed aviation gasoline composition were prepared (Table 1). The test results of the prepared samples are presented in table.2.

The octane number was determined by the motor method of aviation gasoline compositions according to GOST R52946-2008 (EN I SO 5163: 2005).

This standard establishes a method for assessing the detonation characteristics of aviation gasolines for spark ignition engines using a conventional octane scale using a single-cylinder four-stroke carburetor engine with a variable compression ratio of the UIT-85M type. Determination of the octane number by the motor method involves measuring the detonation characteristics of aviation fuels in aircraft piston engines, applying the correlation equation to the octane number by the aviation method.

Grading by a rich mixture of aviation gasoline compositions was determined according to GOST 3338-68, which characterizes the detonation resistance of aviation gasoline on a rich mixture.

The essence of the method is to compare engine power, limited by initial detonation, when operating on the test and reference fuels under standard test conditions at the IT9-1 installation.

From the results given in Table 2, it follows that the tested samples of aviation gasoline compositions have an octane rating according to the motor method 91-92 and a rich mixture grade 132-137.

For other indicators, the claimed composition of aviation gasoline also meets the requirements for aviation gasoline according to TP TS 013/2011.

Thus, the claimed composition of aviation gasoline based on motor gasoline meets all the requirements for aviation gasoline in accordance with TP TS 013/2011, the main of which is an octane rating of at least 91 and a rich mix grade of at least 115.

Table 1 The composition of the samples of the proposed composition of aviation gasoline No. p / p Name of components The content of components,% of the mass. Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 2 A mixture of isoparaffin hydrocarbons With ₆ -C ₈ fifteen thirty 40 3 The hydrogenated fraction of C ₆ with a residual benzene content of not more than 3% of the mass. 10 - 0 four Ethyl Liquid Tetraethyl Lead 0.35 - - 6 Tetraethyl in a solution mixture of isoparaffin hydrocarbons C ₆ -C ₈ - - 0.15 Tetraethyl lead in a mixture of C ₆ -C ₈ isoparaffin hydrocarbons and ethyl liquid 0.20 7 AI-95 gasoline - up to 100 - 8 AI-92 gasoline up to 100 - up to 100

table 2 Aviation Gas Composition Test Results No. p / p Name of indicator Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 one Motor Octane 92 91 92 2 Rich mix grade 137 132 135

Claims (2)

1. The composition of aviation gasoline with an octane rating of at least 91 and a rating of at least 115 based on motor gasoline, containing, wt.%:
A mixture of isoparaffin hydrocarbons With ₆ -C ₈ 15-40 Hydrogenated C ₆ fraction with residual content benzene no more than 3 wt.% to 10 Tetraethyl lead 0.15-0.35 Gasoline with an octane rating of at least 92 GPI up to 100 2. The composition according to claim 1, containing tetraethyl lead in a solution of isoparaffin hydrocarbons With ₆ -C ₈ , or in ethyl liquid, or in a mixture thereof in an amount of 0.15-0.35 wt.%, In terms of tetraethyl lead.