RU2556146C1 - Process line for production of turf blocks for creation of natural grass surface - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: process line comprises the soil preparation unit for turf block, mixer of continuous or periodic action, additive dispenser, turf block formation unit, unit for removal and stacking of blocks on the pallet and unit for maintenance and drying, which are arranged in technological order and communicated with each other by transport means. Soil preparation unit for turf block is provided with the device for screening of fertile soil and ripper. Mixer is connected via the additive dispenser with the turf block formation unit, equipped with compactor for forming and compacting the finished weight of fertile earth turf block until the formation of the dense structure and optimum amount of air pores in turf block.

EFFECT: decrease of costs for creation of natural grass surface, simplification of process of its production and increase of operation efficiency.

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Description

The invention relates to a method for creating natural grass cover and can be claimed in many cities and workers' settlements, as well as in various sports facilities.

A known method of creating grass cover type roll lawn. A rolled lawn is a layer of grass with grass cover, owing its name to the method of transportation - they are transported in roll convolutions, like a carpet. It remains only to spread it on the prepared site. It turns out quickly and beautifully, the surrounding landscape is instantly transformed. The root system quickly takes root. In addition, the lawn does not contain weeds. It is grown from a mixture of optimally selected grass seeds. It can be laid at any time suitable for landscaping, from April to November inclusive.

Advantages: short terms of creation, uniform density, resistance to drought, turf is not damaged by rain and hail, the ability to walk on the lawn after laying, the possibility of intensive use. Hydrosowing the lawn.

Today, landscaping by hydropowing is the most progressive and cost-effective in landscaping and landscaping of large areas. It allows you to create high-quality lawn even in hard-to-reach places with difficult terrain, up to slopes with a steepness of 50 degrees.

Hydropowing technology: in special equipment, a mixture of products is created that enrich the soil, create optimal moisture, stabilize the acidity of the soil, provide valuable nutrients and help in the fight against diseases. In general, they create ideal conditions for seed germination and development. Technological additives include: herb growth accelerators; mulching material painted with environmentally friendly dyes for visual perception of the quality and uniformity of the coating; hydrogel, which holds, accumulates and gradually gives off moisture; complex fertilizers; grass mixture specially selected for specific growing conditions. All these components are thoroughly mixed in water and sprayed under a pressure of about 6 atmospheres using a hose or a special gun to a pre-prepared area. After 2-3 hours, a crust forms on the soil, which prevents soil erosion and protects the seeds from washing off by rain, blowing by the wind and invasion of birds. The seeds are in constant contact with water and fertilizers, which help them germinate quickly, becoming a strong and healthy lawn. (DG Hession. "All about bulbous plants." Pages 110-113, 199).

This method is not effective in creating natural grass cover.

There is a method of obtaining a highly productive introduction population of Serratula coronata, including the selection of populations from mountain and flat growth sites, the identification of inter- and intra-population polymorphism by statistical processing of morphological data and their tabulation with the determination of the coefficient of variation and variation spread (limits), the identification of seed quality by counting small, medium, large, collecting seeds from the upper and middle tiers of shoots in each natural population, the definition is germinated ty and the effect of light on seed germination by germination in the light and in the dark (thermostat) in Petri dishes in four repetitions of 50 pieces each on the day of collection, after 10, 20, 30 and 90 days with a further calculation of the germinated seeds, to increase germination seeds are laid in wet sand for stratification at a temperature of 0-1 ° C for 10, 20, 30 days, seeds collected from all natural populations are stratified for 30 days, sown in boxes, followed by planting individuals of each population on meadow chernozem soils with aisle 60 cm and row distance Between individuals 30, both manual and more advanced agrotechnical seeders, in each introduced population, individuals with a well-developed generative and vegetative shoot zone are isolated by morphological analysis, seeds are collected from these individuals, mixed, stratified for 30 days, seeds seeded in boxes followed by transplanting seedlings (RU No. 2411714, A01G 7/00, 08/23/2009).

The disadvantage of this method is limited functionality.

A known method of industrial plant growth, including the preparation of water and nutrient mixtures, the regeneration of nutrient solutions, air treatment in industrial premises, planting and cultivating plants on the plant field, plant lighting, in the nutrient mixture add solutions of solid, liquid and gaseous substances, providing formation, accumulation , preservation of microelements, vitamins and other biologically active substances in various parts of the plant, taking into account the stage of their growth and development as in ordinary x, and in homeopathic concentrations with the corresponding dynamization of solutions, moreover, the nutrient mixtures are treated with sources of the required type of radiation both in combination with each other and / or individually, for example, by laser radiation, to completely sterilize the solution and its structural adjustment, the plants are illuminated with standard modes, adding illumination by pulsed light sources, and, in addition, provide additional exposure to non-luminous types of radiation, such as electromagnetic, the recipe The nutrient solution is replaced with another recipe from one stage of plant vegetation to another by any methods, including the energy-information transfer method to ensure metabolic changes and control the processes of formation, accumulation, preservation of microelements, vitamins and other biologically active substances in various parts of the plant, moreover, the air is sterilized indoors and / or at the outlet of the supply pipes using bactericidal lamps or quartz burners (RU No. 2267259, A01G 31/00, 06/27/2005).

The proposed method is not effective enough to create a natural grass cover.

There is a method of arranging coatings for sports fields, which consists in sowing grass seeds on the bottom layer of the base, then distributing the top coating layer treated with polyhydrosiloxane with a concentration of 15% at a liquid to soil ratio of 1: 3 at a top layer height coatings from 1 to 3 cm (SU No. 1832783, class E01C 13/00, 07/20/1995).

This method is not effective in creating natural grass cover with soil blocks.

There is a method of creating grass lawn cover for outdoor sports grounds and care for it, including sowing the area, irrigation, manual weeding and regular mowing of grass, characterized in that after sowing, daily two-time irrigation is carried out, the first mowing is carried out in dry weather at a grass height of 8- 10 cm, further mowing when the grass height is not more than 12 cm to a height of at least 4-6 cm, after each use of the site, repair the damaged areas of the coating, consisting in raking and adding repair soil mixture containing grass seeds, and each irrigation is carried out to a soil depth of 1-3 cm. Periodically, the entire surface of the site is leveled by adding repair seeds without seeds, redoing damaged areas of the site, mowing at least one day before using the site, the last mowing in the season is carried out taking into account the possibility of grass growing before frost, periodically apply mineral fertilizers 5-10 days before using the site (RU No. 2087614, cl. E01C 13/00, from 08.20.1997).

A well-known cultivated lawn, including sequentially located base, drainage system and soil layer, the base is made with slopes, and the drainage system is made in the form of drainage drains and drainage layers and contains a longitudinal drainage drain located on the central longitudinal axis of the lawn, an annular main drain and transverse drainage drains connected, slopes of the base are made along, or across, or along and across the central longitudinal axis of the lawn, and if necessary, the base then waterproofing materials, and the drainage system is made in the form of drainage drains or drainage pipes located in the base or in the drainage and filter layers, having a slope of 0.1-3.0% for draining water from the surface of the lawn and filled or covered with drainage and filtering materials, As drainage and filtering materials that fill or cover drainage drains or drainage pipes, gravel, gravel, pebbles, slags, sand, materials of organic or artificial origin (RU No. 2149941, cl. E01C 13/00, 05.27.2000).

There is a method of creating and maintaining a sports lawn, including laying on the base of a drainage layer with a drainage system and a soil-vegetable layer, as well as carrying out agrotechnical maintenance of the lawn during operation, including aeration and top-dressing of the soil layer, characterized in that the floor is used as a base a heated technical structure with technological openings; agricultural service is carried out from the base through technological openings in overlapping, and the drainage system is configured to connect the drainage pipes to the air rarefaction system to implement active drainage-vacuum drainage of the soil-vegetable layer.

A sports lawn includes a sequentially located base, a drainage layer with a drainage system and a soil vegetative layer; as a base, the overlap of a heated technical structure with technological holes is used to carry out agro-technical operations of the root system of the lawn and to receive warm air from the heated room, and drainage pipes of the drainage system are connected to the air rarefaction system for the implementation of an active drainage-vacuum drainage of the soil-vegetable layer of the lawn. The device for agrotechnical maintenance of the lawn is made in the form of a sealed container on rollers with the ability to move along the guides laid between the columns of the technical structure for the entire width and length of the field for feeding nutrient solution directly into the soil-vegetable layer of the lawn through technological holes in the overlap of telescopic injectors (RU No. 2475584, CL E01C 13/08, 12/20/2011).

Without begging the merits of this technical solution, however, it is presented in an overly complex design.

A known method of creating a cultivated lawn, including laying on a prepared construction site, a drainage system, a base or under the surface of a lawn, a piping system that provides drainage and / or heating the turf using a heat control system, a heat control system with a working agent circulating through the pipes in a hot period, is used for cooling the turf by pumping a chilled working agent through the pipes, depending on the functional purpose of the lawn, from local builders Under weather and climatic conditions, drainage materials are laid on the elements of the heat control system - on electric cables and pipes, which are covered with soil layers or plates of the finished lawn sod or laid in the lawn sod and / or to a depth of 3-50 cm from the lawn surface and with a distance between them 3-50 cm.

A cultivated lawn containing a sequentially located base, a drainage layer with pipes, a soil layer with a turf and a heat control system, characterized in that the heat control system is equipped with a source of cooled working agent circulating through the pipes to cool the turf, and the elements of the heat control system and pipes are laid in a lawn turf and / or 3-50 cm from the surface of the lawn and with a distance between them of 3-50 cm.

Cultural lawn, characterized in that heat-engineering devices, or electric or electric heating cables, or electric, or heat-generating, or heat-exchange plants, are used as a heat control system.

Cultivated lawn, characterized in that the drainage system of the lawn consists of drainage layers and / or drainage channels and pipes filled and / or covered with drainage materials (RU No. 2161670, class E01C 13/00, 01/10/2001).

The disadvantage of the proposed technical solution is the overly complex process of implementing the method.

A known method of creating a grassy lawn cover and care for it, including applying fertilizer to the soil, sowing seeds, irrigation and regular mowing of grass, characterized in that before the sowing of the seeds, additional porous soil builders based on natural aluminosilicates are added to the soil, as well as the first bioadditive which is applied simultaneously with the first watering or adsorbed on porous structure-forming agents, and the second bioadditive, which is introduced during subsequent waterings, while the first bioadditive contains live non-pathogenic microorganisms that contribute to the development and enhancement of the root system, the amount included Supplements to the first cell is at least 10 ⁶ cells / m ^2, the grass cover and the second supplement provides a yeast autolysate in an amount of 1-10 g per 1 dm ³ of watering solution, wherein the first watering using the first bioadditive is carried out in an amount of 2.0-5.0 dm ³ solution / m ^{2 of a} lawn coating, and subsequent watering using a second bioadditive is carried out in an amount of 0.3-3.0 dm ^{3 of a} solution / m ² lawn on the cover.

The method is characterized in that perlite, expanded clay and irlite in the form of granules or particles of 0.2-2 cm in size and bulk density of 0.3-0.7 kg / dm ³ are used as porous structure-forming agents. The bioadditive contains an association of living cells of the microorganisms Bejierickia fluminensis, Thielavia terrestris with a culture ratio in the association of 1: 10-10: 1, the second bioadditive is an autolysate of Pichia carsonii culture cells containing a complex of vitamins, proteins and peptides, and has an amino nitrogen concentration of at least 30 mg / ml, autolysis of Pichia carsonii cells is carried out at their concentration in the medium of 1-2 wt.% at a temperature of 45-55 for 12-24 hours, the first bioadditive is used for irrigation in the form of an aqueous solution of a suspension of microorganisms at a concentration of 10 ⁶ -10 ⁹ cells / ml, ne Supplements-hand containing living microorganisms, further adsorbed onto structurant before entering them into the soil, wherein the structurant comprises 1 g of 10 ⁴ -10 ⁸ cells. The adsorption of microorganism cells on porous natural aluminosilicates is carried out by mixing them with a cell suspension for 2-4 hours at a ratio of solid and liquid phases of 0.5: 1-2: 1. Cell adsorption on porous aluminosilicates is carried out during the growth of microorganisms, while the ratio of solid and liquid phases is 0.05: 1-0.5: 1. The number of living cells of the first bioadditive applied per 1 m ^{2 of} lawn coating is 10 ⁶ -10 ¹² cells. Bioadditives were obtained using strains of microorganisms Bejierickia fluminensis B-8276, Thielavia terrestris F-868, Pichia carsonii Y-3022 (RU No. 2239985, class E01C 13/00, 12/20/2003).

However, the proposed technical solution does not solve the problem of creating a soil block grass cover.

A known method of generating ordered structures in an open system in the manufacture of products from powder materials, which consists in the fact that a powdery material is constantly pumped from the environment into the open system, thereby initiating the flow of powder material through the system and flowing out of it, while reaching the system stationary nonequilibrium state with an ordered structure, which is discharged into the environment in the direction opposite to the flow of the powder material from the system, moreover, the degree of ordering of the structure is controlled by the change in the resistance to the flow of powdered material from the system and the flow rate, and the rate of output of the ordered structure from the system is maintained at the corresponding rate of flow of the system, and the structure at the exit from the system is formed into a cross section corresponding to the cross section of the manufactured product (No. 2240895, class B28B 1/04, dated November 27, 2004).

The disadvantage of this method is that it has limited functionality in terms of preparing the soil block to create a natural grass cover.

The closest technical solution is the installation for molding products from bulk dispersed materials, containing a frame, a drive, a stuffing element in the form of an injection plate, a stabilizing element that prevents the displacement of the processed powder material from the mold, and a device for feeding material into the mold under the working surface of the plate, working the surface of the plate is made in the form of a cone, while the plate is connected to the drive, providing the plate with the possibility of a circular swing around the top of the cone and the device is made in the form of walls adjacent to the plate with a gap and covering it along the contour of the hopper walls, the device is equipped with at least one additional pressure plate with a working surface in the form of a cone mounted in a row along the front of the processed material in the form with the possibility of circular swing from the drive around the top of the cone of this plate, the device is equipped with a device for synchronizing the circular swing of the pressure plates, the pressure plate is made in a quadrangular shape, the stabilizing element is made ene integrally with the hopper wall, a stabilizing element is capable of oscillatory motion (RU №2175699, Cl. B28B 13/02, dated 10.11.2001).

However, this technical solution does not completely solve the production process of sod blocks to create natural grass cover.

The technical task of the proposed technological line for the production of sod blocks for creating natural grass cover is to minimize the cost of creating natural grass cover, simplifying the manufacturing process and increasing work efficiency.

The technical problem is ensured by the fact that the technological line for the production of sod blocks for creating natural grass cover contains a soil preparation unit for the sod block located in the technological sequence and communicated with each other, a continuous or batch mixer, an additive dispenser, a sod block forming unit, a removal and stacking unit blocks on the pallet and the unit of exposure and drying, while the site of preparation of the soil for the sod is equipped with a device for screening of hydrous soil and a cultivator, and the mixer is connected with a dispenser to a sod block forming unit equipped with a sealant for molding and compacting the finished mass of a fertile earthen sod block to form a dense structure and the optimal number of air pores in the sod block.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, where figure 1 shows a General view of the technological line for the production of sod blocks for creating natural grass cover.

The technological line for the production of sod blocks for creating natural grass cover contains 1 soil preparation unit for sod block 2 arranged in a technological sequence and communicated with each other by vehicles, a continuous or batch mixer 3, an additive dispenser 4, a sod block formation unit 5, a block removal and stacking unit on the pallet 6 and the holding and drying unit 7, while the soil preparation unit for the sod block 2 is equipped with a device for sifting fertile soil 8 and a cultivator 9, and the mixer 3 by means of the dispenser 10 is in communication with the knot forming unit 5, equipped with a seal 11 for molding and compacting the finished mass of the fertile earthen turf to form a dense structure and the optimal number of air pores in the turf.

The process of implementing the proposed technical solution is as follows.

At the first stage, the soil is prepared for the sod, the fertile soil is pre-sieved, separating illiquid material (various inclusions, for example, tree roots, stones, debris, clay clumps, metal inclusions), then they are loosened until the source material is homogeneous, after which the express method -analysis determine the composition of the soil and load it into a continuous or batch mixer, where the necessary amount of enrichment components (in the form of sand, lime, chalk, dolomite, perlite, clay, vermiculite, fertilizer), as well as grass and / or flower seeds, are introduced into the mixture, from its total weight, 7-12% of water or a liquid additive to give the mixture a semi-dry state, then they are mixed, and after achieving homogeneity of the mixture, the finished mass is loaded into the forming device, where molding and compaction are performed until a dense structure and the optimal number of air pores in the sod are formed, then after technological exposure to stabilize and dry in the second stage, the finished Knoblock delivered to landscaping object and the object based on a prepared method sidewalk paving produce folding and watering dernoblokov for germination of natural grass cover, wherein prior to delivery dernoblokov landscaping their object maintained under greenhouse conditions until seed germination.

The proposed sod block is a solution to the problem of arranging a natural lawn for a football field, tennis court, or landscape gardening. The sod is a soil briquette formed on special industrial equipment, calibrated to a specific size, consisting of a fertile layer equal to bulk soil up to 20 cm thick with the necessary amount of fertilizers included and with a 2-3-month root system of a certain type of grass or without it, but with the introduction and uniform distribution throughout the block of the required number of seeds.

The root system of lawns from sod blocks develops in the fertile soil layer and is not subject to mechanical damage that occurs with a rolled lawn. It is usually difficult to create a flat surface of the soil layer; sod blocks provide a complete solution to this problem. The same density and perfectly even surface over the entire area after laying exclude additional backfilling of fertile soil with subsequent leveling. Currently, the vast majority of work on the installation of natural lawn entails the involvement of a large number of personnel and equipment. In the proposed method, packing dernoblokov the prepared substrate to create a natural soccer field lawn area 7700-8000 m ² within 14 days by 10 people, without the involvement of specialized equipment. Work can be done both in early spring and late fall.

The technology for laying sod blocks is similar to the technology for laying paving slabs. Stacking sod blocks usually begin from the center of the field. The side walls of the block are vertical, so they are tightly adjacent to each other. After laying 4-8 blocks, they are slightly rammed. For germination of the root system, the stacked area of the lawn is abundantly watered. Watering is more advisable in the evening or at night, when the evaporation is minimal. Grass mowing is carried out in order to create an even grass stand. After mowing the grass, it is recommended to water and apply mineral fertilizers. When restoring the lawn, soil is excavated to the thickness of the block with the subsequent insertion of the sprouted sod block into the area of the lawn requiring repair, which reduces the time and financial costs compared to sowing grass. The proposed method provides the creation of a dense, evenly closed grass cover with an elastic durable turf. Sod blocks are more appropriate to use with technical characteristics: size: 0.19 × 0.36 × 0.06; weight - 9 kg; composition: fertile layer - 95%, fertilizer - 5%, seeds - 0.02%.

Claims (1)

The technological line for the production of sod blocks for creating natural grass cover, characterized in that it contains a soil preparation unit for the sod block located in the technological sequence and connected between the vehicles, a continuous or batch mixer, an additive dispenser, a sod block forming unit, a removal and stacking unit blocks on the pallet and the unit of exposure and drying, while the site of preparation of the soil for the sod is equipped with a device for sifting fertile g Unt and ripper and mixer via dispenser communicates with a node forming dernobloka provided with a gasket for forming and sealing the finished earthen mass fertile dernobloka to form a dense structure and an optimum amount of air pores in dernobloke.

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