RU2524085C1 - Method of growing echinacea purpurea in protected ground - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: in this method the seeding is carried out at a depth of 1.5-2.0 cm, in specially prepared vegetative pots filled with expanded clay, soil substrate with the addition of biopack: high peat - 30%, soddy podzolic soil - 23%, river sand - 10%, biohumus - 37%, followed by water irrigation, surface leveling and further maintaining the substrate humidity of 60-70%, air temperature of 22-25°C, soil temperature of 20-23°C, air humidity of 70-80%, illumination of not less than 4500 lux.

EFFECT: method enables to improve the quality of Echinacea purpurea seedling, to increase the yield of seedlings, and to reduce its vulnerability to diseases and pests.

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can find application in medicinal plants for growing seedlings of a medicinal plant - Echinacea purpurea.

Echinacea purpurea (Echinacea purpurea Moench) is a perennial herb with a short, horizontal, many-headed rhizome and numerous thin roots. The leaves are simple, serrated along the edge. Fruits - tetrahedral achenes 5-6 mm long. Stem 50-120 cm tall, straight, solid, branched, slightly pubescent or bare. Inflorescences are baskets (up to 10 cm in diameter), single, on long unbranched peduncles. The fruit is a tetrahedral grayish-brown achene 4-6 mm long, 1.8-2 mm wide, narrowed to the base. The mass of 1000 seeds varies between 2.4-5.8 g. It blooms in July-September, the seeds ripen in September-October.

In the wild, it does not occur in Russia. It grows in North America from the plain coast in the south, to the Pacific Ocean in the north. In the wild, it is found in open mountainous forests and prairies located in the east of north Texas, Missouri and Michigan.

At the All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, work was carried out to introduce purple coneflower, the introduction of this plant into culture, and a variety of purple coneflower Echinacea was created - Tanyusha (patent No. 3223).

Echinacea purpurea Tanyusha was bred from the collection sample by individual family selection. The first domestic variety (in the State Register of Breeding Achievements Approved for Use in the Russian Federation since 2006) is for universal use. It is recommended for use in the pharmaceutical industry for the production of adaptogenic and immunomodulating drugs, in floriculture for landscaping and registration of territories in open ground and beekeeping due to plentiful and prolonged flowering. The bush is semi-closed, about 80 cm high, with a basal rosette of long-leaved, oblong-ovate leaves. Peduncles strong, erect, weakly branched, weakly anthocyanin. The number of main peduncles is up to 25 pieces. The leaves are dark green, with hard bristly pubescence, corrugated, with five strongly protruding veins on the underside. Inflorescence is a single apical basket with a diameter of up to 13 cm, with bright raspberry edge reed flowers and a cone-shaped arched receptacle the color of reddish ocher. The number of inflorescences per plant is up to 50 pieces. The yield of dry grass is 5-6 t / ha, the root productivity of 2-3 t / ha, the seed productivity of three-year plants is 2-3 c / ha.

Echinacea purpurea raw material is used to obtain the drug - echinacea-VILAR juice. The use of drugs from echinacea follows from the principles of immune rehabilitation. They include the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases, septic processes, gynecological (adnexitis), skin (eczema, psoriasis) diseases, diabetes, thyroiditis. Rhizomes with the roots of Echinacea purpurea are used as raw materials for the preparation of Prostanorm, a liquid extract, with a prostatotropic effect (radar, 2009, p. 725).

With seed propagation of Echinacea, the main problem is that it has a long germination period and slow growth in the first month of the life cycle, which increases the period of seedling cultivation, the duration of its stay in cultivation buildings and increases cost. Planting material is considered ready for planting in open ground for about 40-45 days in the phase of 2-3 leaves. When sowing seeds of medicinal plants, seed material is overspended in the event of a significant delay in seedling planting. When sampling seedlings from the soil, a significant part of the root system is damaged, which negatively affects the survival rate of plants and their further growth and development.

The best soils for growing Echinacea purpurea are chernozems, rich in humus, light in mechanical composition, especially for root cultivation.

Known methods of growing plants in bio-containers, which have a narrow specialization.

For example, the cultivation of seed potatoes in bio-containers (E. Volovik, Growing seed potatoes in bio-containers / Technique and equipment for the village, 2009; No. 5. - P.16-18).

The disadvantage of this method is the cultivation in open field, this method is not suitable for growing seedlings of Echinacea purpurea.

A known method of preparing a mixture for seedling pots (patent No. 2101916) by growing plants in a mixture for seedling pots. This mixture involves mixing ground peat and a gluing agent in the form of a 12 15% solution of polyvinyl alcohol with pre-added ammonia water (the volume ratio of peat and solution is 3.5 4.5 1, respectively, and the concentration of ammonia water in the solution is determined by the expression K _a.v. 1.65 (pH _c pH _t ), where K _{a.v. the} concentration of ammonia water in a solution of polyvinyl alcohol, pH _{c the} required acidity of the mixture, pH _{t the} acidity of the peat used).

The application of the proposed method for preparing the mixture allows to provide an optimal acidity environment for the growth and development of seedlings, to produce small pots (cartridges) by the method of formation.

The disadvantage of this method of growing plants is the lack of sufficient nutrients for the growth and development of the plant and, as a result, obtaining the optimal biomass of the plant.

Another disadvantage of these methods is that they are not intended for growing medicinal plants, do not increase the biomass accumulation of plants, or require the use of unjustifiably expensive equipment, or constant monitoring involving highly qualified personnel, which is difficult to apply in conditions of a shortage of specially trained specialists and simply a lack of “workers” hands "in modern crop production.

The closest in technical essence is the method of producing encapsulated seed (patent No. 2396744). The method consists in the formation of phytocapsules by pressing from a formative biologically assimilable substance of the sowing nest with the formation of a recess for the seed and the inclusion of the seed in this recess. The seed nest is formed in the form of a cylinder with end parts in the form of a spherical segment. A surface recess for the seed is performed in one of the end parts of the cylinder, and the seed is fixed in the recess by means of adhesive and / or film-forming materials. A biologically assimilable formative substance, including fine particles of peat and biocompost, is enriched with disintegrant materials that contribute to the self-destruction of phytocapsules in the soil environment. This method allows to improve the conditions of seed germination, to improve the quality of the seed.

The disadvantage of this method (patent No. 2396744) is that the use of biocontainers when growing seedlings of Echinacea purpurea makes it impossible to obtain seedlings with optimal biometric parameters.

Using the previously developed biocontainer (patent No. 2423036) does not allow to grow seedlings, since the concentration of nutrients in the biocontainer is too high, which leads to low germination of seeds and in the future to the death of seedlings.

The differences of the claimed method from the prototype are that the seeds are sown in a substrate consisting of a bio-container and a soil mixture, and in the prototype - in a bio-container (humidity of the bio-container 7-10%), fixing the seed in the recess by means of adhesive materials; in the claimed method, the cultivation of Echinacea purpurea is carried out in sheltered soil in vegetation vessels with a prepared substrate (at a moisture content of 60-70%) containing a bio-container.

When sowing Echinacea seeds in biocontainers without adding soil substrate, their germination was very low (18-20%), and seedlings were practically non-viable.

In this regard, there was a need to develop a new method for growing Echinacea purpurea seedlings, which consists in adding a soil substrate to the biocontainer. Thanks to the addition of the soil mixture, the concentration of vermicompost is reduced (from 70% to 37%), which leads to an increased yield of seedlings (85-89%) and allows you to get purple Echinacea seedlings 15-20 days earlier compared to the traditional method of growing.

The objective of the invention is to develop a technology for seedlings of Echinacea purpurea with optimal parameters of plant biomass.

The essence of this method is that a new method has been developed for growing Echinacea purpurea seedlings by sowing seeds to a depth of 1.5-2.0 cm in specially prepared vegetation vessels with a nutrient substrate, including: peat -30%, sod-podzolic soil - 23%, river sand - 10%, biohumus - 37%, while it is necessary to maintain substrate humidity of 60-70%, air temperature of 22-25 ° C, soil of 20-23 ° C, air humidity of 70-80%, and light exposure not lower 4500 lux. The essence of this method is that for growing seedlings, a technology was developed using a new composition of the nutrient substrate with the addition of a bio-container, which allows to increase seed germination from 85 to 90% and to obtain a seedling yield of 85-89%.

The method consists in growing Echinacea seedlings in vegetation vessels with a volume of 350 ml with the addition of a bio-container. Expanded clay is laid at the bottom of the vegetation vessel with a layer of 1-2 cm, with a layer of 2-Zcm on it, and then a bio-container with a diameter of 40 mm and a height of 40 mm was placed in the center of the vegetation vessel; the space between the walls and the biocontainer was filled with soil and the contents were watered with 300 ml of water, bringing the substrate moisture to 60-70%. After swelling of the biocontainer, the surface is leveled. In the thus prepared substrate, the seeds of purple coneflower are sown to a depth of 1.5-2.0 cm.

The composition of the obtained nutrient substrate with a bio-container: high peat - 30%, sod-podzolic soil - 23%, river sand - 10%, biohumus - 37%. The specified proportion of components improves the parameters of the vegetative development of plants and allows you to maintain normal plant development even in conditions of drought or insufficient watering.

To grow seedlings in biocontainers, it is necessary to maintain air temperature of 22-25 ° C, soil of 20-23 ° C, air humidity of 70-80%, illumination of at least 4500 lux.

When using this method of growing Echinacea purpurea, more intensive plant growth was noted in the first month after sowing.

Experiments were carried out that made it possible to establish that when using the new method, the resulting Echinacea seedlings are more viable, the plants that have taken root are 35-45% more than in the control variant. The first true leaf of Echinacea purpurea grown in bio-containers appears 7 days earlier than in control plants. The number of leaves in 15-day plants was 40% more than in the control. Due to the additionally formed roots, the volume of the root system increased 2.5 times. Further observations showed, in the version with a biocontainer, the highest intensity of growth of the leaf surface.

Thus, the claimed invention allows to achieve the following technological results: increase plant germination and optimal biomass parameters, improve the quality of planting material.

A comparative analysis of the claimed method with the known allows us to conclude that the criterion of "novelty" of the proposed technological solution is satisfied.

According to the results of the analysis of patent and scientific and technical literature, there is no known method for growing purple coneflower in protected ground using a bio-container with the addition of soil substrate to obtain high practical results.

Based on the foregoing, the proposed method meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The claimed technological solution can be used in agriculture when growing seedlings of Echinacea purpurea, as well as in the preparation of phytocompositions and phytomodules.

From which we can conclude, the proposed technological solution meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

Claims (1)

A method of growing Echinacea purpurea seedlings, including the use of bio-containers, characterized in that the seeds are sown to a depth of 1.5-2.0 cm, in specially prepared vegetation vessels filled with expanded clay, soil substrate with the addition of a bio-container: horse peat - 30%, sod -podzolic soil - 23%, river sand - 10%, vermicompost - 37%, followed by watering, leveling the surface and further maintaining the humidity of the substrate 60-70%, air temperature 22-25 ° C, soil 20-23 ° C, humidity 70-80%, no illumination below 4500 lux.