CN102523862B - Cultivation and quality control method for ixeris sonchifolia hance for Kudiezi injection - Google Patents
Cultivation and quality control method for ixeris sonchifolia hance for Kudiezi injection Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation and quality control method for ixeris sonchifolia hance for Kudiezi injection, which is characterized by including seedling raising, transplanting, field management and harvesting. A method of quality control for ixeris sonchifolia hance is also studied and includes a method of colorimetric determination for large-class active ingredients such as flavone and total polyphenol in ixeris sonchifolia hance, and a method of multi-component quantitation by one marker for liquid gradient elution of cichoric acid, luteoline-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide and caftaric acid. By the technique of cultivation of ixeris sonchifolia hance, planting and harvesting of two crops a year are achieved, land resources are saved, yield per unit area is increased to 100%-150%, and quality of the ixeris sonchifolia hance meets the requirement of medicinal materials for traditional Chinese medicine injection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Chinese herbal medicine planting technology field, be specifically related to cultivation and the method for quality control of a kind of Ixeris Sonchifolia Hance injection with irexis sonchifolia.
Background technology
Embracing the stem hardship and sell dish [Ixeris sonchifolia (Bge.) Hance], is composite family denticulate ixeris herb platymiscium, and main product is in China northeast, North China and other places.On the books, that irexis sonchifolia has is clearing heat and detoxicating, the effect of toxin expelling, pain relieving.Among the peoplely be mainly used in treating the diseases such as appendicitis, tonsillitis, nameless gall.In recent years, along with the develop rapidly that the modern times are extracted separation and Wave Spectrum technology and modern pharmacology, more and more deep to its chemical composition and bioactive research.
Chemical composition more complicated in irexis sonchifolia, main containing flavones, organic acid, phenolic acid, sesquiterpene lactone, triterpenoid saponin and adenosine compound, in addition also contain the compounds such as sterol, coumarin, lignanoid, vitamin, amino acid, sugar and mineral salt.
Irexis sonchifolia relies on wild resource supply market at present fully.The wild resource Distribution Area disperses, and climate difference is large, ecological environment frailty, and main area is in China height above sea level 100～300m scope.Irexis sonchifolia is wild is the biennial herb plant, grows in meadow, orchard and sylvan life, and growth rate is slow.With different at soil depth, cause 5～September of irexis sonchifolia florescence due to the irexis sonchifolia seed germination, really 7～October of phase, seed maturity continues up to late October in mid-June, is unfavorable for concentrating gathering and processing.
Due to about 0.1 millimeter of irexis sonchifolia seed diameter, percentage of seedgermination is low, and under carded sliver part out of office, the natural propagation rate of irexis sonchifolia is very low, and poor growth is difficult to the restorative source.The irexis sonchifolia Distribution Area is mostly meadow and forest zone, in recovery process, forms very important wind erosion and the point source of water erosion.Therefore the research and development of artificial cultivation technique are the main paties of protection irexis sonchifolia wild resource; Also to eliminate careless destroyed hidden danger, the needs of protection grassland ecological environment; More be to provide the needs of Ixeris Sonchifolia Hance injection production with medicinal material.But there is no at present the technology that a kind of desirable artificial cultivation Ixeris Sonchifolia Hance injection is used irexis sonchifolia.
The central and east, Liaoning Province, east longitude 120.10～123.13, north latitude 38.2～42.2, the whole the longest 350km in north and south, the widest 180km of thing.The Di，Zi southeast, high northwest, the physical features southeast northwestwards tilts.Rainwash is abundanter, domestic river course overall length 5 421.6km, and great river length 648.7km wherein, middle or small river length is 7172.9km.Be located in the continental monsoon climatic region in ，Shu warm temperate zone, edge, the southeast in the pine the Liao Dynasty Plain of middle latitude, summer rainwater is plentiful, and temperature is higher, and Precipitation in Winter is less, and temperature is lower.The Main Climatic characteristics are: make a clear distinction between the four seasons, rain hot same period, in dry and cold same season, precipitation is abundant, and temperature is suitable, and illumination is abundant, and the extreme minimum air temperature is-30.4 ℃ in history, and Extreme Maximum Temperature is 36.9 ℃.Mean annual precipitation is 700mm.Anshan abundance at sunshine, the annual sunshine duration is 2443h, frost-free season is the 180d left and right.Land resources is through long-term land development and utilization. formed Plain, northwest farming, forestry, fishing Land-use area, western alluvial plain agriculture fishing Land-use area, urban land use district, middle part roll plain agricultural fruit Land-use area, southeast low mountains and hills woods orchard worker Land-use area, the low mountain forest agriculture Land-use area in south.On the whole, the Liaodong Peninsula soil property is fertile, is the main product ground of irexis sonchifolia genunie medicinal materials.
Therefore, wild habit according to irexis sonchifolia, in conjunction with weather and the soil characteristic in Liaodong Peninsula, actively scientifically adopt the Modern Agriculture crop cultivating technology, the artificial cultivation technique of research irexis sonchifolia, realize high yield and high-quality, the needs of producing to meet Ixeris Sonchifolia Hance injection economize the land resource, by biennial plant simultaneously, through scientific management and cultivation, realize that Two crops a year plants and gather in the crops.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide traditional Chinese medicine irexis sonchifolia artificial cultivation method for a kind of Ixeris Sonchifolia Hance injection, by this method, realized 2 batches of plantations in a year and gathered, having saved land resources, and the unit per mu yield has improved 100%-150%, quality of medicinal material meets traditional Chinese medicine medicinal material requirement.
Traditional Chinese medicine irexis sonchifolia artificial cultivation method for a kind of Ixeris Sonchifolia Hance injection comprises following processing step:
1, nurse young plants in hothouses
1), seed treatment
1. seed collection: the seed of gathering selects healthy and strong plant, and during most of achene blackening, seed wherein becomes pitchy or results seed when brown; Plant is extracted, put ventilating and cooling place, after-ripening 3～5 days, threshing, airing, removal of impurities, packing;
2. seed storage: after the irexis sonchifolia seed collection, when seed moisture content 10～13%, be contained in cloth bag, inside put the root of Chinese wild ginger 20～40g/kg/ bag, bunker requires shady and cool dry; The irexis sonchifolia seed storage phase is no more than 3 years;
3. seed treatment: the storage period alternating temperature is processed;
A. the alternating temperature of seed is processed: second month part prior to seeding, and storage temperature is 15～20 ℃; Sow front the first month, storage temperature is 0～6 ℃ of storage 15 days, stores 15 days for 15～20 ℃;
B. the gibberellin of seed is processed: before sowing, gibberellin is processed, and 800 times of liquid of the gibberellin emulsion with 4%, soak 20 hours, and emergence rate can reach at least 90%;
2), nurse young plants in hothouses
1. soil treatment: soil treatment formula: every square metre of Chinese medicine slag fertile 15kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, white lime 0.2kg, ammonium hydrogen phosphate K composite fertilizer 10g, fine sand 10kg; With native soil 25cm table soil, by ploughing deeply, mix, rake is leveling carefully; Broadcast front roasting canopy: closed greenhouse makes temperature of shed reach at least 50 ℃ to continue 5 hours, fill with the moisture in the soil water of revealing the exact details, sowing after infiltrating;
2. sowing time: greenhouse ground temperature is high, and the seed of handling well is respectively at the beginning of 2 months and sowing at the beginning of 6 months;
3. sowing: 5000～8000/m of thickness of sowing
2, seeding quantity 5kg/ mu, type of seeding: with thin dry ground seed dressing, use the hand uniform broadcasting at the furrow face; After seed is sowed, 0.5～1 centimetre, sieve soil covers immediately and hides the plastics water permeable membrane:
4. spray filling: within 2～3 days, spray once, irrigation quantity 3～6kg/m
2, to keep soil surface moistening;
5. seedbed management: broadcast rear seedbed and keep moistening; The seedling rear beginning weeding for the first time that all sprouts; With the timely weeding of backsight weed growth situation; Thinning during 3 centimetres of heights of seedling, seedling spacing 1.0cm, average seedling spacing 2.0cm; 3000 times of liquid foliar sprays of gibberellin emulsion with 4% 2 times, midfeather 7-10 days.
6. seedling adaptive training: transplant and progressively throw off coverlay or open ventilating opening in first 20 days, strengthen gradually ventilation, reduce humidity and temperature, strengthen illumination; Pinch off young shoots, the about 8-10cm of plant height, impel plant to downgrade and stalwartness, is beneficial to a large amount of branches of rear formation of planting, to improve the output of acrial part simultaneously.
7. lifting: irexis sonchifolia was grown seedlings at the beginning of 2 months, and April is from the beginning of transplantation of seedlings then; At the beginning of 6 months, sowing, play transplantation of seedlings then August; The lifting seedling age reaches 3 of stem leaf sheets; Playing seedling-growing method is that the young plant will dug is with soil on a small quantity by 10%, is bundled into 100～200g wisp, and the gunnysack of the moisturizing of packing into, transport to and transplant ground;
2, transplant
1) selection of land:
1. select the milpa environment: draining is good, and the soil is porous, and the content of organic matter is 10g/kg at least, full nitrogen 0.2～2.0g/kg, full phosphorus 1.0～1.5g/kg, full potassium 10～15 g/kg; Cultivation plot, highway both sides must be apart from beyond highway 600m; Height above sea level 200～500m; 8 ℃～9 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year, a monthly mean temperature-11 ℃, July, mean temperature of air was 24 ℃; Frost-free season 165～185d; Mean annual precipitation 600～800mm;
2. site preparation and fertilization: after results, with 2% lime aqueous solution, irrigate 10m
3/ mu
,, then plough deeply 20cm, apply the Chinese medicine slag fertile 1000kg/ mu that becomes thoroughly decomposed, ammonium hydrogen phosphate K composite fertilizer 50kg/ mu; Whole alley 50cm, ridge face width 40cm, the wide 20cm of furrow, the high 8cm in ridge, overlay film immediately behind whole ground, mulch film selects that 60～80cm is wide, the film of thickness 5～10 μ m;
2) young plant screening: will rot, mouldy, seedling body has the scab insect bite, incised wound, the sick and wounded seedling that abrades, fracture are removed; The external appearance characteristic of high quality seedling is: healthy and strong, anosis insect infection, have no mechanical damage, smooth surface, seedling grow to few 10cm;
3) transplant: early April in spring carries out, and is transplanted summer mid-July and carries out; Every ridge kind two row, average row is apart from 15cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, two in the ranks the individual plant position intersect and stagger; Use small wood while planting, by seeding row spacing, open ，Mei cave, the cave seedling of planting;
4), planting density: the density of keeping a full stand of seedings is 20～300,000 plant/acres;
3, field management
1), intertill and clean tillage: transplant weeding for the first time in latter 20 days spring, weeding for the second time during height of seedling 30cm, afterwards according to the weeding at any time of weeds in field growing state;
2), topdress: irexis sonchifolia spends occur that fertilizer deficiency symptom, the concentration by 0.1% spray ammonium hydrogen phosphate K composite fertilizer 5.0kg/hm early stage after transplanting;
3), water management: transplant ground 0～15cm soil layer weight water content and just need to pour water lower than 80g/kg; Irrigation quantity 50m
3/ mu;
4), sick worm rat plague control: the irexis sonchifolia damage by disease and insect is less, carbendazim 100mg/l concentration spraying control for rust, root rot notes arranging ponding, finds that diseased plant roots out with the limewash disease cave of sterilizing;
5), gather in the crops first 15 days, 4000 times of liquid foliar sprays of the gibberellin emulsion with 4%, sprayed 1 time every 5 days again.The plant full-bloom stage can maintain 7 days.
4, gather
1), harvesting period: irexis sonchifolia growth 2 months after transplanting land for growing field crops, full-bloom stage harvesting;
2), airing: airing field, cement flooring, require illumination foot, pumping equipment is complete, ted 2-4 every day, until moisture lower than 15% the time, packing, the 50kg/ bag, the note label, put in storage.
5, quality evaluation and output comparative studies
According to the requirement of traditional Chinese medicine Cultivate administration standard, choose at random 10 10m
2area, spacing distance is no less than 200m, gather, dry, weigh, according to Ixeris Sonchifolia Hance injection, with the method for quality control of medicinal material irexis sonchifolia, detect, the result requirement that all reaches quality standards, and active ingredient general flavone, total phenolic acid, adenosine, Cichoric acid, caftaric acid and cyanidenon-7-O-β-D-Glucose aldehydic acid glycosides obtains content all higher than wild product, especially adenosine, the average content of Cichoric acid and cyanidenon-7-O-β-D-Glucose aldehydic acid glycosides surpasses more than 50%, and heavy metal and harmful element, residue of pesticide and impurity, all lower than wild product, finger-print detects, cultivation product and wild product similarity are greater than 0.9.
The present invention, now more than 6000 mu of study base, Liaodong Peninsula popularizing plantings, more than irexis sonchifolia dry yield 1500kg/ mu, can meet the market demand of national irexis sonchifolia medicinal material.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) be to provide the artificial cultivation method of Ixeris Sonchifolia Hance injection with irexis sonchifolia; so that cultivate on a large scale this Chinese herbal medicine; its wild resource can be effectively protected; and then preserve the ecological environment; the destruction that meadow or sylvan life cause owing to gathering medicinal herbs simultaneously is effectively suppressed, for Ixeris Sonchifolia Hance injection production provides the qualified traditional Chinese medicinal material raw materials that meets the traditional Chinese medicine requirement.
(2) owing to having adopted advanced growing seedlings and transplantation technique, shortened growth cycle, reduced the impact of climatic variation, therefore improved Ixeris Sonchifolia Hance injection with the quality of medicinal material and batch between stability, overcome the natural crude drugs mass discrepancy large, stable poor between batch, the harmful substance contents such as heavy metal, agricultural chemicals exceed standard etc., thereby guarantee that Ixeris Sonchifolia Hance injection is safe and effective.
(3) owing to having adopted the growing nursery and culture method, shorten field management time and growth cycle, improved land utilization rate.
(4) the irexis sonchifolia method of quality control of Erecting and improving, adopted new colorimetric method for determining general flavone, total phenolic acid, adopt the liquid phase linear gradient elution method to measure Cichoric acid and cyanidenon-7-O-β-D-Glucose aldehydic acid glycosides, reaches the purpose that a survey is commented more.
(5) science of gibberellin is used, accelerate the irexis sonchifolia seed sprouting, go out a kind of sedge and bloom, realize 2 batches of plantations in a year and results, broken the biennial plant Growth and reproduction rule under the wild state, the unit per mu yield significantly improves, and surpass the 100%-150% of common simulation wild environment cultivation, and the floral leaf ratio of medicinal material obviously improves, for 1.5-2.0 times of wild product ratio, guaranteed the content of active ingredient.
(6) social benefit of the present invention and ecological benefits are remarkable, and obvious economic benefit is arranged, and after spread, the producing region peasant can shake off poverty and set out on the road to prosperity by the plantation irexis sonchifolia.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that to take cyanidenon-7-O-β-D-Glucose aldehydic acid glycosides reference substance concentration be abscissa, and trap is ordinate, the canonical plotting of drafting.
Fig. 2 is that to take Cichoric acid reference substance amount be abscissa, and trap is ordinate, the canonical plotting of drafting.
Fig. 3 is that to take caftaric acid reference substance sample size be abscissa, and chromatographic peak area is ordinate, the canonical plotting of drafting.
Fig. 4 is that to take cyanidenon-7-O-β-D-Glucose aldehydic acid glycosides reference substance sample size be abscissa, and chromatographic peak area is ordinate, the canonical plotting of drafting.
Fig. 5 is that to take Cichoric acid reference substance sample size be abscissa, and chromatographic peak area is ordinate, the canonical plotting of drafting.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Traditional Chinese medicine irexis sonchifolia artificial cultivation method for a kind of Ixeris Sonchifolia Hance injection comprises following processing step:
1, nurse young plants in hothouses
1), seed treatment
1. seed collection: the seed of gathering selects healthy and strong plant, and during most of achene blackening, seed wherein becomes pitchy or results seed when brown; Plant is extracted, put ventilating and cooling place, after-ripening 3～5 days, threshing, airing, removal of impurities, packing;
2. seed storage: after the irexis sonchifolia seed collection, when seed moisture content 10～13%, be contained in cloth bag, inside put root of Chinese wild ginger 20g/kg/ bag, bunker requires shady and cool dry; The irexis sonchifolia seed storage phase is no more than 3 years;
3. seed treatment: the storage period alternating temperature is processed;
A. the alternating temperature of seed is processed: second month part prior to seeding, and storage temperature is 15 ℃; Sow front the first month, storage temperature is 0 ℃ of storage 15 days, stores 15 days for 15 ℃;
B. the gibberellin of seed is processed: before sowing, gibberellin is processed, and 800 times of liquid of the gibberellin emulsion with 4%, soak 20 hours, and emergence rate can reach at least 90%;
2), nurse young plants in hothouses
1. soil treatment: soil treatment formula: every square metre of Chinese medicine slag fertile 15kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, white lime 0.2kg, ammonium hydrogen phosphate K composite fertilizer 10g, fine sand 10kg; With native soil 25cm table soil, by ploughing deeply, mix, rake is leveling carefully; Broadcast front roasting canopy: closed greenhouse makes temperature of shed reach at least 50 ℃ to continue 5 hours, fill with the moisture in the soil water of revealing the exact details, sowing after infiltrating;
2. date of seeding: greenhouse ground temperature is high, and the seed of handling well is respectively at the beginning of 2 months and sowing at the beginning of 6 months;
3. sowing: 3000～4000/m of thickness of sowing
2, seeding quantity 5kg/ mu, type of seeding: with thin dry ground seed dressing, use the hand uniform broadcasting at the furrow face; After seed is sowed, 0.5 centimetre, sieve soil covers immediately and hides the plastics water permeable membrane:
4. spray filling: within 2 days, spray once, irrigation quantity 3kg/m
2, to keep soil surface moistening;
5. seedbed management: broadcast rear seedbed and keep moistening; The seedling rear beginning weeding for the first time that all sprouts; With the timely weeding of backsight weed growth situation; Thinning during 3 centimetres of heights of seedling, seedling spacing 1.0cm, average seedling spacing 2.0cm; 3000 times of liquid foliar sprays of gibberellin emulsion with 4% 2 times, midfeather 10 days.
6. seedling adaptive training: transplant and progressively throw off coverlay or open ventilating opening in first 20 days, strengthen gradually ventilation, reduce humidity and temperature, strengthen illumination; Pinch off young shoots, the about 10cm of plant height, impel plant to downgrade and stalwartness, is beneficial to a large amount of branches of rear formation of planting, to improve the output of acrial part simultaneously.
7. lifting: irexis sonchifolia was grown seedlings at the beginning of 2 months, from the beginning of transplantation of seedlings, at the beginning of 6 months, sowed and played then transplantation of seedlings August April then; The lifting seedling age reaches 3 of stem leaf sheets; Playing seedling-growing method is that the young plant will dug is with soil on a small quantity by 10%, is bundled into the 100g wisp, and the gunnysack of the moisturizing of packing into, transport to and transplant ground;
2, transplant
1), selection of land:
1. selection of land milpa environment: draining is good, and the soil is porous, and the content of organic matter is 10g/kg at least, the complete full phosphorus 1.0g/kg of nitrogen 0.2g/kg, full potassium 10g/kg; Cultivation plot, highway both sides must be apart from beyond highway 600m; Height above sea level 200～500m; 8 ℃～9 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year, a monthly mean temperature-11 ℃, July, mean temperature of air was 24 ℃; 5 frost-free season 165～185d; For many years: average precipitation 600～800mm;
2. site preparation and fertilization: after results, with 2% lime aqueous solution, irrigate 100m
3/ mu ', then plough deeply 20cm, apply the Chinese medicine slag fertile 1000kg/ mu that becomes thoroughly decomposed, ammonium hydrogen phosphate K composite fertilizer 50kg/hm
2; Whole alley 80cm, ridge face width 40cm, the wide 20cm of furrow, the high 8cm in ridge, overlay film immediately behind whole ground, mulch film selects that 60cm is wide, the film of thickness 5 μ m;
2), young plant screening: will rot, mouldy, seedling body has the scab insect bite, incised wound, the sick and wounded seedling that abrades, fracture are removed; The external appearance characteristic of high quality seedling is: healthy and strong, anosis insect infection, have no mechanical damage, smooth surface, seedling grow to few 10cm;
3), transplant: early April in spring carries out, and is transplanted summer mid-July and carries out; Every ridge kind two row, average row is apart from 15cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, two in the ranks the individual plant position intersect and stagger; Use small wood while planting, by seeding row spacing, open ，Mei cave, the cave seedling of planting;
4), planting density: the density of keeping a full stand of seedings is 20～300,000 plant/acres;
3, field management
1), intertill and clean tillage: transplant weeding for the first time in latter 20 days spring, weeding for the second time during height of seedling 30cm, afterwards according to the weeding at any time of weeds in field growing state;
2), topdress: irexis sonchifolia spends occur that fertilizer deficiency symptom, the concentration by 0.1% spray ammonium hydrogen phosphate K composite fertilizer 5.0kg/hm early stage after transplanting;
3), water management: transplant ground 0～15cm soil layer weight water content and just need to pour water lower than 80g/kg; Irrigation quantity 50m
3/ mu;
4), sick worm rat plague control: the irexis sonchifolia damage by disease and insect is less, carbendazim 100mg/l concentration spraying control for rust, root rot notes arranging ponding, finds that diseased plant roots out with the limewash disease cave of sterilizing;
5), gather in the crops first 15 days, 4000 times of liquid foliar sprays of the gibberellin emulsion with 4%, sprayed 1 time every 5 days again.The plant full-bloom stage can maintain 7 days.
4, gather
1), harvesting period: irexis sonchifolia growth 2 months after transplanting land for growing field crops, full-bloom stage harvesting;
2), airing: airing field, cement flooring, require illumination foot, pumping equipment is complete, ted 2-4 every day, until moisture lower than 15% the time, packing, the 50kg/ bag, the note label, put in storage.
Embodiment 2
Traditional Chinese medicine irexis sonchifolia artificial cultivation method for a kind of Ixeris Sonchifolia Hance injection comprises following processing step:
1, nurse young plants in hothouses
1), seed treatment
1. seed collection: the seed of gathering selects healthy and strong plant, and during most of achene blackening, seed wherein becomes pitchy or results seed when brown; Plant is extracted, put ventilating and cooling place, after-ripening 3～5 days, threshing, airing, removal of impurities, packing;
2. seed storage: after the irexis sonchifolia seed collection, when seed moisture content 10～13%, be contained in cloth bag, inside put root of Chinese wild ginger 30g/kg/ bag, bunker requires shady and cool dry; The irexis sonchifolia seed storage phase is no more than 3 years;
3. seed treatment: the storage period alternating temperature is processed;
A. the alternating temperature of seed is processed: second month part prior to seeding, and storage temperature is 18 ℃; Sow front the first month, storage temperature is 3 ℃ of storages 15 days, stores 15 days for 18 ℃;
B. the gibberellin of seed is processed: before sowing, gibberellin is processed, and 800 times of liquid of the gibberellin emulsion with 4%, soak 20 hours, and emergence rate can reach at least 90%;
2), nurse young plants in hothouses
1. soil treatment: soil treatment formula: every square metre of Chinese medicine slag fertile 15kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, white lime 0.2kg, ammonium hydrogen phosphate K composite fertilizer 10g, fine sand 10kg; With native soil 25cm table soil, by ploughing deeply, mix, rake is leveling carefully; Broadcast front roasting canopy: closed greenhouse makes temperature of shed reach at least 50 ℃ to continue 5 hours, fill with the moisture in the soil water of revealing the exact details, sowing after infiltrating;
2. date of seeding: greenhouse ground temperature is high, and the seed of handling well is respectively at the beginning of 2 months and sowing at the beginning of 6 months;
3. sowing: 3000～4000/m of thickness of sowing
2, seeding quantity 5kg/ mu, type of seeding: with thin dry ground seed dressing, use the hand uniform broadcasting at the furrow face; After seed is sowed, 0.8 centimetre, sieve soil covers immediately and hides the plastics water permeable membrane:
4. spray filling: within 2 days, spray once, irrigation quantity 4kg/m
2, to keep soil surface moistening;
5. seedbed management: broadcast rear seedbed and keep moistening; The seedling rear beginning weeding for the first time that all sprouts; With the timely weeding of backsight weed growth situation; Thinning during 3 centimetres of heights of seedling, seedling spacing 1.0cm, average seedling spacing 2.0cm; 3000 times of liquid foliar sprays of gibberellin emulsion with 4% 2 times, midfeather 9 days.
6. seedling adaptive training: transplant and progressively throw off coverlay or open ventilating opening in first 20 days, strengthen gradually ventilation, reduce humidity and temperature, strengthen illumination; Pinch off young shoots, the about 9cm of plant height, impel plant to downgrade and stalwartness, is beneficial to a large amount of branches of rear formation of planting, to improve the output of acrial part simultaneously.
7. lifting: irexis sonchifolia was grown seedlings at the beginning of 2 months, from the beginning of transplantation of seedlings, at the beginning of 6 months, sowed and played then transplantation of seedlings August April then; The lifting seedling age reaches 3 of stem leaf sheets; Playing seedling-growing method is that the young plant will dug is with soil on a small quantity by 10%, is bundled into the 150g wisp, and the gunnysack of the moisturizing of packing into, transport to and transplant ground;
2, transplant
1), selection of land:
1. selection of land milpa environment: draining is good, and the soil is porous, and the content of organic matter is 10g/kg at least, the complete full phosphorus 1.3g/kg of nitrogen 1.2g/kg, full potassium 13g/kg; Cultivation plot, highway both sides must be apart from beyond highway 600m; Height above sea level 200～500m; 8 ℃～9 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year, a monthly mean temperature-11 ℃, July, mean temperature of air was 24 ℃; 5 frost-free season 165～185d; For many years: average precipitation 600～800mm;
2. site preparation and fertilization: after results, with 2% lime aqueous solution, irrigate 100m
3/ mu ', then plough deeply 20cm, apply the Chinese medicine slag fertile 1000kg/ mu that becomes thoroughly decomposed, ammonium hydrogen phosphate K composite fertilizer 50kg/hm
2; Whole alley 80cm, ridge face width 40cm, the wide 20cm of furrow, the high 8cm in ridge, overlay film immediately behind whole ground, mulch film selects that 70cm is wide, the film of thickness 8 μ m;
2), young plant screening: will rot, mouldy, seedling body has the scab insect bite, incised wound, the sick and wounded seedling that abrades, fracture are removed; The external appearance characteristic of high quality seedling is: healthy and strong, anosis insect infection, have no mechanical damage, smooth surface, seedling grow to few 10cm;
3), transplant: early April in spring carries out, and is transplanted summer mid-July and carries out; Every ridge kind two row, average row is apart from 15cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, two in the ranks the individual plant position intersect and stagger; Use small wood while planting, by seeding row spacing, open ，Mei cave, the cave seedling of planting;
4), planting density: the density of keeping a full stand of seedings is 20～300,000 plant/acres;
3, field management
1), intertill and clean tillage: transplant weeding for the first time in latter 20 days spring, weeding for the second time during height of seedling 30cm, afterwards according to the weeding at any time of weeds in field growing state;
2), topdress: irexis sonchifolia spends occur that fertilizer deficiency symptom, the concentration by 0.1% spray ammonium hydrogen phosphate K composite fertilizer 5.0kg/hm early stage after transplanting;
3), water management: transplant ground 0～15cm soil layer weight water content and just need to pour water lower than 80g/kg; Irrigation quantity 50m
3/ mu;
4), sick worm rat plague control: the irexis sonchifolia damage by disease and insect is less, carbendazim 100mg/l concentration spraying control for rust, root rot notes arranging ponding, finds that diseased plant roots out with the limewash disease cave of sterilizing;
5), gather in the crops first 15 days, 4000 times of liquid foliar sprays of the gibberellin emulsion with 4%, sprayed 1 time every 5 days again.The plant full-bloom stage can maintain 7 days.
4, gather
1), harvesting period: irexis sonchifolia growth 2 months after transplanting land for growing field crops, full-bloom stage harvesting;
2), airing: airing field, cement flooring, require illumination foot, pumping equipment is complete, ted 2-4 every day, until moisture lower than 15% the time, packing, the 50kg/ bag, the note label, put in storage.
Embodiment 3
Traditional Chinese medicine irexis sonchifolia artificial cultivation method for a kind of Ixeris Sonchifolia Hance injection comprises following processing step:
1, nurse young plants in hothouses
1), seed treatment
1. seed collection: the seed of gathering selects healthy and strong plant, and during most of achene blackening, seed wherein becomes pitchy or results seed when brown; Plant is extracted, put ventilating and cooling place, after-ripening 3～5 days, threshing, airing, removal of impurities, packing;
2. seed storage: after the irexis sonchifolia seed collection, when seed moisture content 10～13%, be contained in cloth bag, inside put root of Chinese wild ginger 40g/kg/ bag, bunker requires shady and cool dry; The irexis sonchifolia seed storage phase is no more than 3 years;
3. seed treatment: the storage period alternating temperature is processed;
A. the alternating temperature of seed is processed: second month part prior to seeding, and storage temperature is 20 ℃; Sow front the first month, storage temperature is 6 ℃ of storages 15 days, stores 15 days for 20 ℃;
B. the gibberellin of seed is processed: before sowing, gibberellin is processed, and 800 times of liquid of the gibberellin emulsion with 4%, soak 20 hours, and emergence rate can reach at least 90%;
2), nurse young plants in hothouses
1. soil treatment: soil treatment formula: every square metre of Chinese medicine slag fertile 15kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, white lime 0.2kg, ammonium hydrogen phosphate K composite fertilizer 10g, fine sand 10kg; With native soil 25cm table soil, by ploughing deeply, mix, rake is leveling carefully; Broadcast front roasting canopy: closed greenhouse makes temperature of shed reach at least 50 ℃ to continue 5 hours, fill with the moisture in the soil water of revealing the exact details, sowing after infiltrating;
2. date of seeding: greenhouse ground temperature is high, and the seed of handling well is respectively at the beginning of 2 months and sowing at the beginning of 6 months;
3. sowing: 3000～4000/m of thickness of sowing
2, seeding quantity 5kg/ mu, type of seeding: with thin dry ground seed dressing, use the hand uniform broadcasting at the furrow face; After seed is sowed, 1 centimetre, sieve soil covers immediately and hides the plastics water permeable membrane:
4. spray filling: within 3 days, spray once, irrigation quantity 6kg/m
2, to keep soil surface moistening;
5. seedbed management: broadcast rear seedbed and keep moistening; The seedling rear beginning weeding for the first time that all sprouts; With the timely weeding of backsight weed growth situation; Thinning during 3 centimetres of heights of seedling, seedling spacing 1.0cm, average seedling spacing 2.0cm; 3000 times of liquid foliar sprays of gibberellin emulsion with 4% 2 times, midfeather 10 days.
6. seedling adaptive training: transplant and progressively throw off coverlay or open ventilating opening in first 20 days, strengthen gradually ventilation, reduce humidity and temperature, strengthen illumination; Pinch off young shoots, the about 8-10cm of plant height, impel plant to downgrade and stalwartness, is beneficial to a large amount of branches of rear formation of planting, to improve the output of acrial part simultaneously.
7. lifting: irexis sonchifolia was grown seedlings at the beginning of 2 months, from the beginning of transplantation of seedlings, at the beginning of 6 months, sowed and played then transplantation of seedlings August April then; The lifting seedling age reaches 3 of stem leaf sheets; Playing seedling-growing method is that the young plant will dug is with soil on a small quantity by 10%, is bundled into the 200g wisp, and the gunnysack of the moisturizing of packing into, transport to and transplant ground;
2, transplant
1), selection of land:
1. selection of land milpa environment: draining is good, and the soil is porous, and the content of organic matter is 10g/kg at least, the complete full phosphorus 1.5g/kg of nitrogen 2.0g/kg, full potassium 15g/kg; Cultivation plot, highway both sides must be apart from beyond highway 600m; Height above sea level 200～500m; 8 ℃～9 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year, a monthly mean temperature-11 ℃, July, mean temperature of air was 24 ℃; 5 frost-free season 165～185d; For many years: average precipitation 600～800mm;
2. site preparation and fertilization: after results, with 2% lime aqueous solution, irrigate 100m
3/ mu ', then plough deeply 20cm, apply the Chinese medicine slag fertile 1000kg/ mu that becomes thoroughly decomposed, ammonium hydrogen phosphate K composite fertilizer 50kg/hm
2; Whole alley 80cm, ridge face width 40cm, the wide 20cm of furrow, the high 8cm in ridge, overlay film immediately behind whole ground, mulch film selects that 60～80cm is wide, the film of thickness 5～10 μ m;
2), young plant screening: will rot, mouldy, seedling body has the scab insect bite, incised wound, the sick and wounded seedling that abrades, fracture are removed; The external appearance characteristic of high quality seedling is: healthy and strong, anosis insect infection, have no mechanical damage, smooth surface, seedling grow to few 10cm;
3), transplant: early April in spring carries out, and is transplanted summer mid-July and carries out; Every ridge kind two row, average row is apart from 15cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, two in the ranks the individual plant position intersect and stagger; Use small wood while planting, by seeding row spacing, open ，Mei cave, the cave seedling of planting;
4), planting density: the density of keeping a full stand of seedings is 20～300,000 plant/acres;
3, field management
1), intertill and clean tillage: transplant weeding for the first time in latter 20 days spring, weeding for the second time during height of seedling 30cm, afterwards according to the weeding at any time of weeds in field growing state;
2), topdress: irexis sonchifolia spends occur that fertilizer deficiency symptom, the concentration by 0.1% spray ammonium hydrogen phosphate K composite fertilizer 5.0kg/hm early stage after transplanting;
3), water management: transplant ground 0～15cm soil layer weight water content and just need to pour water lower than 80g/kg; Irrigation quantity 50m
3/ mu;
4), sick worm rat plague control: the irexis sonchifolia damage by disease and insect is less, carbendazim 100mg/l concentration spraying control for rust, root rot notes arranging ponding, finds that diseased plant roots out with the limewash disease cave of sterilizing;
5), gather in the crops first 15 days, 4000 times of liquid foliar sprays of the gibberellin emulsion with 4%, sprayed 1 time every 5 days again.The plant full-bloom stage can maintain 7 days.
4, gather
1), harvesting period: irexis sonchifolia growth 2 months after transplanting land for growing field crops, full-bloom stage harvesting;
2), airing: airing field, cement flooring, require illumination foot, pumping equipment is complete, ted 2-4 every day, until moisture lower than 15% the time, packing, the 50kg/ bag, the note label, put in storage.
Experimental example 1
Irexis sonchifolia medicinal material Determination Method of Flavone Content
1. instrument and agents useful for same
Instrument: SHIMADZU UV-1800 ultra-violet and visible spectrophotometer and work station.
Reagent: reagent is pure for analyzing, and water is water for injection.Cyanidenon-7-O-β-D-Glucose aldehydic acid glycosides, self-control, be greater than 98% through HPLC normalization method detection level.
2. measure the establishment of wavelength
Through drawing the reference substance solution ultraviolet absorpting spectrum prepared by method, reference substance solution has absorption maximum at the 506nm place, therefore the wavelength that 506nm is determination of total flavonoids in sample.
3. cyanidenon-7-O-β-D-Glucose aldehydic acid glycosides reference substance range of linearity is investigated
Precision takes cyanidenon-7-O-β-D-Glucose aldehydic acid glycosides reference substance 10.24mg, put in the 25ml measuring bottle, add 60% ethanolic solution and be diluted to scale, shake up, make the solution of every 1ml containing 0.4096mg, accurate absorption 0.5ml, 1.5ml, 2.5ml, 3.5ml, 4.5ml are placed in respectively the 10ml measuring bottle respectively, add 60% ethanolic solution to scale, make respectively the solution of every 1ml containing 0.04096mg, 0.06144mg, 0.1024mg, 0.14336mg, 0.18432mg.
Precision is drawn each 5ml of solution of above-mentioned 5 kinds of concentration respectively, and other,, by reference substance solution preparation method operation, measure trap, and measurement result is in Table 1
The table 1 reference substance range of linearity is investigated result
Cyanidenon-7-O-β-D-Glucose aldehydic acid glycosides reference substance the concentration of take is abscissa, and trap is ordinate, the drawing standard curve, and regression equation is:
y＝6.0917x-0.005
r＝0.9997
Conclusion: cyanidenon-7-O-β-D-Glucose aldehydic acid glycosides reference substance concentration is good in 0.02048～0.18432mg/ml scope internal linear relation.
4. precision test
The accurate range of linearity of drawing is investigated lower reference substance solution (0.1024mg/ml) 5ml, by method, does 6 parallel solution, measures trap, and measurement result is in Table 2.
Table 2 Precision test result
Conclusion: the reference substance solution precision test is up to specification.
5. stability test
Prepare need testing solution by method, measure 1 time at interval of 30 minutes, measure trap, measurement result is in Table 3.
Table 3 stability test result
Conclusion: the trap value of mensuration is basically identical, and RSD is 1.07%.Illustrate and there is good stability in need testing solution in 2 hours.
6. replica test
Prepare reference substance solution and need testing solution by method, measure respectively trap, calculate content, result of calculation is in Table 4.
Table 4 replica test result
Conclusion: replica test is up to specification.
7. recovery test is investigated
The material powder 0.5g that gets it filled, precision adds cyanidenon-7-O-β-D-Glucose aldehydic acid glycosides reference substance solution (1.168mg/ml) 5ml, and other operations are undertaken by [assay] lower method, measure trap, calculate, and measurement result is in Table 5.
Table 5 recovery test result
Conclusion: cyanidenon-7-O-β-the D-Glucose aldehydic acid glycosides rate of recovery is between 95.46～99.23%, and RSD is 1.44%, up to specification.
Experimental example 2
The total phenolic content assay method of irexis sonchifolia medicinal material
1. instrument and agents useful for same
Instrument: SHIMADZU UV-1800 ultra-violet and visible spectrophotometer and work station.
Reagent: reagent is pure for analyzing, and water is water for injection.Cichoric acid, Products in China calibrating institute, be greater than 98% through HPLC normalization method detection level.
2. measure the establishment of wavelength
Through drawing the reference substance solution ultraviolet absorpting spectrum prepared by method, reference substance solution has absorption maximum at the 746nm place, therefore the wavelength that 746nm is determination of total flavonoids in sample.
3. Cichoric acid reference substance calibration curve is investigated
Precision takes Cichoric acid reference substance 6.08mg, put in the brown measuring bottle of 10ml, add 60% ethanol and be diluted to scale, shake up, the accurate 5ml that draws is placed in the brown measuring bottle of 50ml, add 60% ethanolic solution to scale, make the solution of every 1ml containing 0.0608mg, precision is drawn 1ml respectively, 2ml, 3ml, 4ml, 5ml, 6ml, be placed in 6 25ml color-comparison tubes, add 60% ethanol to 10ml, add 0.3% lauryl sodium sulfate 2ml and 0.6%FeCl36H2O:0.9%K3[Fe (CN) 6] (1: 1) mixed solution 1ml, mix, in the dark place 5min, add the HCL solution of 0.1mol/l to scale, mix, in the dark place 20min.Take developer as blank, measure absorbance A at wavelength 746nm wavelength place.Take concentration as abscissa, absorbance be ordinate drawing standard curve, measurement result is in Table 6
Table 6 reference substance calibration curve is investigated result
The Cichoric acid reference substance amount of take is abscissa, and trap is ordinate, the drawing standard curve, and the calibration curve equation is:
y＝2.0141x+0.0084
r＝0.9995
Conclusion: Cichoric acid reference substance concentration is good in 0.0608～0.3648mg scope internal linear relation.
4. precision test
The accurate range of linearity of drawing is investigated lower reference substance solution (0.0608mg/ml) 5ml, by method, does 6 parallel solution, measures trap, and measurement result is in Table 7.
Table 7 Precision test result
Conclusion: the trap value of mensuration is basically identical, and RSD is 1.03%, illustrates that the reference substance solution precision test is up to specification.
5. stability test
Prepare need testing solution by method, measure 1 time at interval of 30 minutes, measure trap, measurement result is in Table 8.
Table 8 stability test result
Conclusion: the trap value of mensuration is basically identical, and RSD is 1.37%.Illustrate and there is good stability in need testing solution in 2 hours.
6. replica test
Prepare reference substance solution and need testing solution by method, measure respectively trap, calculate content, result of calculation is in Table 9.
Table 9 replica test result
Conclusion: replica test is up to specification.
7. recovery test is investigated
The material powder 0.5g that gets it filled, precision adds Cichoric acid reference substance solution (0.636mg/ml) 5ml, and other operations are undertaken by [assay] lower method, measure trap, calculate, and measurement result is in Table 10.
Table 10 recovery test result
Conclusion: the reference substance average recovery is between 95.48～98.86%, and RSD is 1.50%, up to specification.
Experimental example 3
Irexis sonchifolia medicinal material Cichoric acid, caftaric acid, cyanidenon-7-O-β-D-Glucose aldehydic acid glycosides content assaying method
1. instrument and agents useful for same
Instrument: SHIMADZU-2010 liquid chromatograph and work station.
Reagent: acetonitrile is chromatographically pure, and other reagent is pure for analyzing, and water is water for injection, and Cichoric acid, caftaric acid, cyanidenon-7-O-β-D-Glucose aldehydic acid glycosides are self-control, and content HPLC area normalization method all is greater than 98%.
2. measure the establishment of wavelength
Through drawing Cichoric acid, caftaric acid, cyanidenon-7-O-β-D-Glucose aldehydic acid glycosides ultraviolet absorpting spectrum, caftaric acid has absorption maximum at the 327.8nm place, Cichoric acid has absorption maximum at the 329.5nm place, cyanidenon-7-O-β-D-Glucose aldehydic acid glycosides has absorption maximum at the 348.5nm place, consider that in sample, cyanidenon-7-O-β-D-Glucose aldehydic acid glycosides content is relatively high, therefore the wavelength of mensuration is decided to be to 348nm.
3. mobile phase screening
In need testing solution, composition is more complicated, therefore selects gradient elution, by table, carries out gradient elution, and each component separating degree is good, reaches baseline separation, therefore determines that the mobile phase of assay in this test is acetonitrile-0.4 phosphoric acid solution gradient elution in accordance with regulations.
4. the method system suitability is investigated
Take octadecylsilane chemically bonded silica as filler; Mobile phase A is acetonitrile, and B is that 0.4% phosphoric acid solution (ml/ml) carries out wash-out by table 11; Flow velocity 1ml/min, 40 ℃ of column temperatures, detect wavelength: 348nm, the results are shown in Table 12.
Table 11 gradient elution time-program(me)
Table 12 retention time and number of theoretical plate
Annotate in table 1: caftaric acid; 2: cyanidenon-7-O-β-D-Glucose aldehydic acid glycosides; 3: Cichoric acid
Conclusion: according to measurement result, in tentative this test, theoretical cam curve is so that cyanidenon-7-O-β-D-Glucose aldehydic acid glycosides chromatographic peak must not be lower than 3000.
5. caftaric acid, cyanidenon-7-O-β-D-Glucose aldehydic acid glycosides, the Cichoric acid reference substance range of linearity are investigated
Precision takes caftaric acid reference substance 5.04mg, cyanidenon-7-O-β-D-Glucose aldehydic acid glycosides reference substance 10.18mg, Cichoric acid reference substance 4.98mg puts in the brown measuring bottle of 25ml, add 50% methanol solution and be diluted to scale, shake up, the accurate 2ml that draws, put in the brown measuring bottle of 10ml, add 50% methanol solution and be diluted to scale, shake up, make the solution of every 1ml containing caftaric acid 0.02016mg, cyanidenon-7-O-β-D-Glucose aldehydic acid glycosides 0.04072mg, Cichoric acid 0.01992mg.
Accurate 2,6,10,14, the 18 μ l solution of drawing, in the injection liquid chromatography, measure chromatographic peak area respectively, and measurement result is in Table 13,14,15.
The table 13 caftaric acid reference substance range of linearity is investigated result
The caftaric acid reference substance sample size of take is abscissa, and chromatographic peak area is ordinate, the drawing standard curve, and regression equation is:
y＝1344765.63x+3988.50
r＝0.9999
Conclusion: caftaric acid reference substance sample size is good in 0.08064～0.72576 μ g scope internal linear relation.
Table 14 cyanidenon-7-O-β-D-Glucose aldehydic acid glycosides reference substance range of linearity is investigated result
Cyanidenon-7-O-β-D-Glucose aldehydic acid glycosides reference substance the sample size of take is abscissa, and chromatographic peak area is ordinate, the drawing standard curve, and regression equation is:
y＝1092189.34x+7636.20
r＝0.9997
Conclusion: cyanidenon-7-O-β-D-Glucose aldehydic acid glycosides reference substance sample size is good in 0.16288～1.46592 μ g scope internal linear relation.
The table 15 Cichoric acid reference substance range of linearity is investigated result
The Cichoric acid reference substance sample size of take is abscissa, and chromatographic peak area is ordinate, the drawing standard curve, and regression equation is:
y＝1547827.56x-856.50
r＝0.9998
Conclusion: Cichoric acid reference substance sample size is good in 0.07968～0.71712 μ g scope internal linear relation.
6. precision test
The accurate range of linearity of drawing is investigated lower reference substance solution 10 a μ l, and continuous sample introduction 6 times, measure chromatographic peak area, and measurement result is in Table 16,17,18.
Table 16 caftaric acid Precision test result
Conclusion: caftaric acid reference substance solution precision test is up to specification.
Table 17 cyanidenon-7-O-β-D-Glucose aldehydic acid glycosides Precision test result
Conclusion: cyanidenon-7-O-β-D-Glucose aldehydic acid glycosides reference substance solution precision test is up to specification.
Table 18 Cichoric acid Precision test result
Conclusion: Cichoric acid reference substance solution precision test is up to specification.
7. stability test
Get by method and prepare need testing solution, the accurate 10 μ l that draw, at interval of 1 hour sample introduction 1 time, measure chromatographic peak area, and measurement result is in Table 19,20,21.
Table 19 caftaric acid stability test result
Conclusion: caftaric acid chromatographic peak peak area integrated value is basically identical, and RSD is 1.15%.Illustrate that the caftaric acid in need testing solution had good stability in 4 hours.
Table 20 cyanidenon-7-O-β-D-Glucose aldehydic acid glycosides stability test result
Conclusion: cyanidenon-7-O-β-D-Glucose aldehydic acid glycosides chromatographic peak peak area integrated value is basically identical, and RSD is 1.12%.Illustrate that cyanidenon in need testing solution-7-O-β-D-Glucose aldehydic acid glycosides had good stability in 4 hours.
Table 21 Cichoric acid stability test result
Conclusion: Cichoric acid chromatographic peak peak area integrated value is basically identical, and RSD is 1.33%.Illustrate that the caftaric acid in need testing solution had good stability in 4 hours.
8. replica test
Accurate reference substance solution and each 10 μ l of sample solution of drawing, measure respectively chromatographic peak area, calculates content, extracting sample solution, and the accurate 10 μ l that draw, measure chromatographic peak area, and result of calculation is in Table 22,23,24.
Table 22 caftaric acid replica test result
Conclusion: the caftaric acid replica test is up to specification.
Table 23 cyanidenon-7-O-β-D-Glucose aldehydic acid glycosides replica test result
Conclusion: cyanidenon-7-O-β-D-Glucose aldehydic acid glycosides replica test is up to specification.
Table 24 Cichoric acid replica test result
Conclusion: the Cichoric acid replica test is up to specification.
9. recovery test is investigated
Accurate sample thief 0.5g, put in the brown measuring bottle of 10ml, precision adds caftaric acid reference substance solution (0.543mg/ml) 1ml, cyanidenon-7-O-β-D-Glucose aldehydic acid glycosides reference substance solution (1.132mg/ml) 1ml, Cichoric acid reference substance solution (0.586mg/ml) 1ml, other operations are undertaken by [assay] lower method, measure chromatographic peak area, calculate, measurement result is in Table 25,26,27.
Table 25 caftaric acid recovery test result
Conclusion: the caftaric acid rate of recovery is between 95.19～99.35, and RSD is 1.70%, up to specification.
Table 26 cyanidenon-7-O-β-D-Glucose aldehydic acid glycosides recovery test result
Conclusion: cyanidenon-7-O-β-the D-Glucose aldehydic acid glycosides rate of recovery is between 95.36%～99.59%, and RSD is 1.52%, up to specification.
Table 27 Cichoric acid recovery test result
Conclusion: the Cichoric acid rate of recovery is between 95.26%～98.78%, and RSD is 1.73%, up to specification.
Claims (1)
1. the cultivation method of an Ixeris Sonchifolia Hance injection use irexis sonchifolia, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
1) nurse young plants in hothouses
(1) seed treatment
1. seed collection: the seed of gathering selects healthy and strong plant, and during most of achene blackening, seed wherein becomes pitchy or results seed when brown; Plant is extracted, put ventilating and cooling place, after-ripening 3～5 days, threshing, airing, removal of impurities, packing;
2. seed storage: after the irexis sonchifolia seed collection, when seed moisture content 10～13%, be contained in cloth bag, inside put the root of Chinese wild ginger 20～40g/kg/ bag, bunker requires shady and cool dry; The irexis sonchifolia seed storage phase is no more than 3 years;
3. seed treatment: the storage period alternating temperature is processed;
A. the alternating temperature of seed is processed: second month part prior to seeding, and storage temperature is 15～20 ℃; Sow front the first month, storage temperature is 0～6 ℃ of storage 15 days, stores 15 days for 15～20 ℃;
B. the gibberellin of seed is processed: before sowing, gibberellin is processed, and 800 times of liquid of the gibberellin emulsion with 4%, soak 20 hours, and emergence rate can reach at least 90%;
(2) nurse young plants in hothouses
1. soil treatment: soil treatment formula: every square metre of Chinese medicine slag fertile 15kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, white lime 0.2kg, ammonium hydrogen phosphate K composite fertilizer 10g, fine sand 10kg; With native soil 25cm table soil, by ploughing deeply, mix, rake is leveling carefully; Broadcast front roasting canopy: closed greenhouse makes temperature of shed reach at least 50 ℃ to continue 5 hours, fill with the moisture in the soil water of revealing the exact details, sowing after infiltrating;
2. date of seeding: greenhouse ground temperature is high, and the seed of handling well is respectively at the beginning of 2 months and sowing at the beginning of 6 months;
3. sowing: 5000～8000/m of thickness of sowing
2, seeding quantity 5kg/ mu, type of seeding: with thin dry ground seed dressing, use the hand uniform broadcasting at the furrow face; After seed is sowed, 0.5～1 centimetre, sieve soil, plastic covering water permeable membrane immediately;
4. spray filling: within 2～3 days, spray once, irrigation quantity 3～6kg/m
2, to keep soil surface moistening;
5. seedbed management: broadcast rear seedbed and keep moistening; The seedling rear beginning weeding for the first time that all sprouts; With the timely weeding of backsight weed growth situation; Thinning during 3 centimetres of heights of seedling, seedling spacing 1.0cm, average seedling spacing 2.0cm; 3000 times of liquid foliar sprays of gibberellin emulsion with 4% 2 times, midfeather 7-10 days;
6. seedling adaptive training: transplant and progressively throw off coverlay or open ventilating opening in first 20 days, strengthen gradually ventilation, reduce humidity and temperature, strengthen illumination; Pinch off young shoots, plant height 8-10cm, impel plant to downgrade and stalwartness, is beneficial to a large amount of branches of rear formation of planting, to improve the output of acrial part simultaneously;
7. lifting: irexis sonchifolia was grown seedlings at the beginning of 2 months, from the beginning of transplantation of seedlings, at the beginning of 6 months, sowed and played then transplantation of seedlings August April then; The lifting seedling age reaches 3 of stem leaf sheets; Playing seedling-growing method is that the young plant will dug is with soil on a small quantity by 10%, is bundled into 100～200g wisp, and the gunnysack of the moisturizing of packing into, transport to and transplant ground;
2) transplant
(1) selection of land:
1. select the milpa environment: draining is good, and the soil is porous, and the content of organic matter is 10g/kg at least, full nitrogen 0.2～2.0g/kg, full phosphorus 1.0～1.5g/kg, full potassium 10～15 g/kg; Cultivation plot, highway both sides must be apart from beyond highway 600m; Height above sea level 200～500m; 8 ℃～9 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year, a monthly mean temperature-11 ℃, July, mean temperature of air was 24 ℃; Frost-free season 165～185d; Mean annual precipitation 600～800mm;
2. site preparation and fertilization: after results, with 2% lime aqueous solution, irrigate 10m
3/ mu
,, then plough deeply 20cm, apply the Chinese medicine slag fertile 1000kg/ mu that becomes thoroughly decomposed, ammonium hydrogen phosphate K composite fertilizer 50kg/ mu; Whole alley 50cm, ridge face width 40cm, the wide 20cm of furrow, the high 8cm in ridge, overlay film immediately behind whole ground, mulch film selects that 60～80cm is wide, the film of thickness 5～10 μ m;
(2) young plant screening: will rot, mouldy, seedling body has the scab insect bite, incised wound, the sick and wounded seedling that abrades, fracture are removed; The external appearance characteristic of high quality seedling is, healthy and strong, anosis insect infection, have no mechanical damage, smooth surface, seedling grow to few 10cm;
(3) transplant: early April in spring carries out, and is transplanted summer mid-July and carries out; Every ridge kind two row, average row is apart from 15cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, two in the ranks the individual plant position intersect and stagger; Use small wood while planting, by seeding row spacing, open ，Mei cave, the cave seedling of planting;
(4) planting density: the density of keeping a full stand of seedings is 20～300,000 plant/acres;
3) field management
(1) intertill and clean tillage: transplant weeding for the first time in latter 20 days spring, weeding for the second time during height of seedling 30cm, afterwards according to the weeding at any time of weeds in field growing state;
(2) topdress: irexis sonchifolia spends occur that fertilizer deficiency symptom, the concentration by 0.1% spray ammonium hydrogen phosphate K composite fertilizer 5.0 kg/ mus early stage after transplanting;
(3) water management: transplant ground 0～15cm soil layer weight water content and just need to pour water lower than 80g/kg; Irrigation quantity 50m
3/ mu;
(4) sick worm rat plague control: the irexis sonchifolia damage by disease and insect is less, carbendazim 100mg/l concentration spraying control for rust, and root rot notes arranging ponding, finds that diseased plant roots out with the limewash disease cave of sterilizing;
(5) gather in the crops first 15 days, 4000 times of liquid foliar sprays of the gibberellin emulsion with 4%, sprayed 1 time every 5 days again, and the plant full-bloom stage can maintain 7 days;
4) gather
(1) harvesting period: irexis sonchifolia growth 2 months after transplanting land for growing field crops, full-bloom stage harvesting;
(2) airing: airing field, cement flooring, require illumination foot, pumping equipment is complete, ted 2-4 every day, until moisture lower than 15% the time, packing, the 50kg/ bag, labeling, put in storage.
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| CN104502502A (en) * | 2014-12-27 | 2015-04-08 | 通化华夏药业有限责任公司 | QAMS for detecting content of organic acids in sowthistle-leaf ixeris seedling injection |
| CN105009902A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-11-04 | 渠县金穗农业科技有限公司 | Mixed interplant method for white peony root division breeding |
| CN108739121A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-11-06 | 竹溪县绿之恋园林绿化有限公司 | A kind of artificial cultivation method of sowthistle |
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